SEWAGE WORKS JOURNAL
Vo l. X I V
M A Y , 1 9 4 2
No. 3Special F eatures
Record Forms—Lanphear—Symons
Cross Connections—Hoffert—Arnold
Plant Design for Dissolved Oxygen—Tatlock
Calco’s Disposal Plant—King, Bean and Lester
Abstract—The Mead-Johnson Treatment Plant—Eldridge
O F F I C I A L P U B L I C A T I O N O F T H E
F E D E R A T I O N O F S E W A G E W O R K S A S S O C I A T I O N S
A N N O U N C I N G . . .
T he T hird A nnual C onvention
of the FEDERATION O F SEWAGE WORKS ASSOCIATIONS will be held THIS YEAR in Cleveland, Ohio, on Oct.
15th, l6thand
17th . . .To Our Members and Friends
Arrange a Fall v a ca tio n in Cleveland, Ohio, during the week of October 17th, 1942, and attend the Convention.Come on along, come on along and bring the wife and family . . . . . . and have a grand time.
L et’s all plan NOW to meet qt the Convention.
To the Exhibitors
—O ld and New
We extend a hearty welcome back to the many Exhibitors at last year’s Convention ; and, an invitation to the many other pro
gressive companies who desire to exhibit this year. Your wishes will be given our prompt atten
tion.
May we suggest that you make your space reservations early.
To Our M any Advertisers
A Special issue of Sew'AGE Works Journal will be published in place of the regular September issue, in commemoration of the Third Annual Convention.W IL L Y O U R C O M P A N Y R E Q U IR E ADD ITIO NAL A D V E R T ISIN G SPACE T H E R E IN? Please advise our advertis
ing manager of your wishes.
To the New Advertisers
Plan NOW to advertise in the CONVENTION N U M B E R of Sewage Works Journal, an outstanding issue which will contain, among other features, special articles on plant operation; full data on the Convention, its m eet
ings, exhibits, entertainment, e tc .;
Convention editorials; and, data on many new developments in sewage equipment.
ADVERTISE IN THE CONVENTION NUMBER OF SEWAGE WORKS JOURNAL
EXHIBIT AT THE CONVENTION
For advertising rates an d other relevant data, write to
ARTHUR A. CLAY, Advertising Manager
FEDERATION O F SEWAGE WORKS ASSOCIATIONS
4 0 Wall Street, New York, N. Y.
S E W A G E W O R K S JO U R N A L 1
Pumping,— S e u ia ge T r e a t m e n t , - W ate r P u r i f i c a t i o n E q u i p m e n t
P O U H C H N i K l
ASSO CIA TIO NS
O F F IC E R S
President
Ar t h u r S. Bed ell, Division of Sanitation, S tate D ep t, of H ealth , A lbany, N . Y.
Vice-President
George J. Sc h r o ep fe r, M inneapolis-St. P aul S an itary D istrict, St. P a u l, M in n . Treasurer
W. W . DeBerard, C ity Engineer, Chicago, 111.
Secretary W. H . Wise l y, Box 18, U rbana, 111.
E d ito r
F . W . Mo h lm a n, Chief C hem ist, T h e S an itary D istric t of Chicago, 910 S. M ichigan A ve., Chicago, 111.
A ssistant to th e E ditor G la d y s Swope, N o rth Shore S an itary D istrict, D ahringer Road, W aukegan, 111.
Directors Arizona: P . J . M a r t i n (1943)
C alifornia: Wm. A. A l l e n (1944) C entral States: G. J . S c h r o e p f e r (1 9 4 2 ) D akota: W . W. T o w n e (1943) Florida: J o e W illia m s o n , J r . (1944) Federal: J . K . H o s k in s (1944) Georgia: V. P . E n l o e (1944) Iow a: A. H . W i e te r s (1944) K ansas: E a r n e s t B o y ce (1 9 4 2 ) M aryland-D elaw are: H . R. H a l l (19 4 2 ) M ichigan: N . G. D am oose (1943) M issouri: G. S. R u s s e l l (1 9 4 2 ) N e w England: F . W. G ilc r e a s (1942) N e w Jersey: W i lle m R u d o lf s (1 9 4 3 ) N e w Y o rk : N . L . N u s s b a u m e r (1 9 4 2 ) N o rth Carolina: H . G. B a i ty (1 9 4 3 ) O hio: F . W . J o n e s (1942) O klahom a: H . J. D a r c e y (1 9 4 1 )*
Pacific N o rth w est: J . W . C u n n in g h a m (1 9 4 1 )*
* Successor not y et designated.
SEW A G E W O R K S JO U R N A L
R E G . U. S . P A T . OFF.
A B im o n th ly Jo u rn al devoted to th e advancem ent of fundam ental and practical knowledge concerning th e n atu re, collection, tre atm en t an d disposal of sewage and industrial wastes, an d th e design, co nstruction, o p eration an d m a nage
m en t of sewage works.
Pub licatio n Office: P rince and Lemon Sts., L an caster, Pa.
Subscription P rice:
M em bers of Local Sewage W orks Associations affiliated w ith the F ederation, $3.00 p er year.
N on-m em bers: U . S. and C anada, $5.00 per y ea r; o th er countries, $5.50.
Foreign S ubscriptions m u st be accom panied by In te rn atio n a l M oney Order.
Single copies: U n ited States, $1.00 each; Foreign, $1.25 each.
M a n u s c r ip t m a y b e s e n t t o t h e E d it o r , F . W . M o h lm a n , 910 S o . M i c h ig a n A v e ., C h i c a g o , 111., f o r a c c e p t a n c e o r r e j e c t io n s u b j e c t t o t h e p r o v is io n s o f t h e F e d e r a t io n C o n s t it u t io n .
A d v e r t is in g c o p y s h o u l d b e s e n t t o A r t h u r A . C la y , A d v e r t i s i n g M a n a g e r , L a n c a s t e r , P a . , o r 10 W a ll S t ., N e w Y o r k , N . Y .
S u b s c r i p t i o n s a n d a d d r e s s c h a n g e s s h o u l d b e s e n t t o IV. H . W i s e l y , E x e c u t i v e S e c r e t a r y , L a n c a s t e r , P a ., o r B o x 18, U r b a n a , I l l i n o i s .
N o claim s will be allowed for copies of Jo u rn als lost in th e m ails unless such claim s are received w ith in six ty (6 0 ) days of th e d ate of issue and no claim s will be allow ed for issues lost as a resu lt of insufficient notice of change of address. “ M issing from files ” can n o t be accepted as th e reason for honoring a claim .
E n tered as second-class m a tte r, M ay 7, 1934, a t th e post office a t L an caster, P a., under th e A ct of M arch 3 , 1879 Pennsylvania: H . E . M o se s (1 9 4 3 )
R o c k y M o u n ta in : C. A. D a v is (1 9 4 2 ) Texas: V. M . E h l e r s (1 9 4 2 ) Argentina: E . B . B e s s e li e v r e (1 9 4 3 ) Canada: A. E . B e r r y (1 9 4 3 )
In s t. San. E ng. ( E n g .) : D . M . W a ts o n (1 9 4 4 ) In s t. Sew . Pur. (E n g .) : W . F . F r e e b o r n (1 9 4 4 ) A t Large: A. H . N i l e s (1 9 4 4 )
A t Large: A. M . R a w n (1 9 4 3 ) A t Large: L . H . E n s lo w (1 9 4 2 )
W . and S. W ks. M fg r s .:K a r l M . M a n n (1 9 4 4 ) W . and S. W ks. M fg rs.: D . S. M c A fe e (1 9 4 3 ) W . and S . W ks. M fg rs.: L . E . R e in (1 9 4 2 ) Ex-Officio: C. A. E m e r s o n (1 9 4 2 ) Ex-Officio: M o r r is M . C o h n (1 9 4 2 ) Ex-Officio: G. R . F r i t h (1 9 4 2 ) Ex-Officio: F . W . G ilc r e a s (1 9 4 2 ) Ex-Officio: W ille m R u d o lf s (1 9 4 2 )
S E W A G E W O R K S JO U R N A L 3
SOMF BIOFILTRATION FACTS
¿Potne SPlefeelledZBwfei/tiatwn &lowáAee(á
SIC KCIICUUIIOR
Æ 9k. Æ ÊÊm Æ ik
PII IfCIRCUUTION
SINGLE STAGE
àBfiÊk f l E Ï A 1
TWO STAGE A
T W O STAGE B
S P o t u e ¿fy/ticet/(i)ftelafin<rj Ç f i a f a
Flo w — Percent O eiign O ve rflow Rate» — G o ls/S q . ft./D o y
P rim ary C la rifie r Secondary C la rifie r Recirculations
P rim ary Rotio Secondary Ratio Suspended Solids
R aw -P .P M.
F in a l— P.P.M.
Removal — Percent B O 0 s
R a w - P P.M.
Final — P.P M Removal — Percent D ura tio n Tests
Single Stage Two Stage — A Two Stoge — B
62 100 64
90.5
! ‘ i weeks
B I O F I L T R A T I O N - W H A T IT IS A N D DOES
T h e B i o f i lt r a t i o n S y s te m c o m p ris e s o n e o r m o r e c o m b in a t io n s o f C la r if ie r s a n d F ilt e r s w h e r e in th e u n th ic k e n e d f i l t e r d is c h a r g e is r e c y c le d b a c k to th e C la r if ie r s . S in g le o r tw o s ta g e sy s te m s m a y b e e m p lo y e d to g i v e r e s u lts c o m p a r a b le w it h ( I ) S t a n d a r d T r ic k lin g F ilt e r s (2) C h e m ic a l P r e c i p it a t i o n o r (3)
A c t iv a t e d S lu d g e . T h e B i o f i lt r a t i o n S y s te m (a ) g iv e s a u n if o r m e f f lu e n t w it h f lu c t u a t i n g fe e d s « ( b ) p e r m its f i l t e r lo a d in g s u p to 10 tim e s n o r m a l, w it h 3 f o o t m e d ia d e p t h s a n d (c) c o sts 2 5 - 5 0 p e r c e n t le ss to o p e r a t e th a n S t a n d a r d T r ic k lin g F ilte rs o r t h e A c t iv a t e d S lu d g e P ro ce ss.
First, th e Defense, n o w the W a r E ffort h a ve b ro u g h t b ro a d re c o g n itio n to th e B io filtra tio n System, a n im p ro v e d m eth o d o f tric k lin g filte r tre a tm e n t a n n ounced la te in 1939.
M o re th a n 100 u n its are in use o r u n d e r co n struction in 33 o f th e 4 8 s ta te s . M o s t o f th e s e are on the W a r Front, a t a rm y cam ps, n a v a l bases, a irfie ld s a n d o rd n a n ce p la n ts. Design p o p u la tio n s ra n g e fro m 2 0 0 to 6 5 ,0 0 0 .
The th re e flo w sh e e ts on this p a g e ha ve em e rg e d as the best fro m a m o n g the dozen o r m ore in v e s tig a te d o r tested. A lm o s t h a lf the in s ta lla tio n s to d a te a re o f these th re e types.
• W rite fo r a copy o f o u r b u l
le tin on "T h e B io filtra tio n Sys- te m " - 2 4 p a g e illu s tra te d b o o k le t c o n ta in in g photos, layouts, cost a n d o p e ra tin g d a ta a n d p ra c tic a l d e sig n in fo rm a tio n .
THE DORR COMPANY, INC. • ENGINEERS
570 LEXINGTON AVE. • NEW YORK
ATLANTA • TORONTO • C H IC A G O • DENVER • LO S AN G ELES
C O N F E R E N C E on
W artim e \Water W o rk s Problems June 21-25—Chicago
A CONFERENCE—that is the nature of the 62nd Annual Meeting of the A. W. W. A. And here are the highlights of the program:
Executives of large water plants will discuss wartime administrative problems and tell how they are meeting them. Reeves Newsom will tell how the war may be expected to affect water works income and rates. Five papers will be presented, dealing with Chicago’s water works control. Guarding water works prop
erty w ill be described by engineers and execu
tives who are face to face with the problem.
Walter D. Binger, an American engineer sent abroad by the War Department, will tell ex
actly what an air attack can do to u tility structures and services.
The M utual Aid system is wartime’s g ift to water works. I t is worthwhile any time. Let the nation’s key men tell you how i t works.
How to organize and equip emergency repair crews w ill be described by the always compe
tent Victor Weir. How to dig up the streets and get along with the public!— told by D. D.
Gross of Denver. Six national leaders headed by Dr. Meinzer of the U. S. Geological Survey will tell how ground water supplies must be conserved. You have heard of the Public Works Reserve, the plan for post-war construc
tion activity,— the National Administrator will describe the plan.
How to keep the water works going when every
thing is hard to get— a group of executives will start the discussion. When will it end?
Specifications for a water works superintendent.
No, you cannot order one as you would order a pump, but Dale M a ffitt of Des Moines w ill show that there are some measurable qualifica
tions that a good superintendent needs.
A chlorine residual clear to the ends of the system— why? How much? How? Purifica
tion experts will answer. Byrne of Omaha and Rebsamen of Jonesboro, Arkansas, w ill read the records of two financially successful water de
partments. LaDue of Akron w ill report, the progress of the Association’s study on M an
agement.
Water bills— prepayment, penalties, deposits and discounts— the practices in the cities of 100,000-200,000 population w ill be recorded by Hughes of Denver. When and where is an unpaid water bill a lien against the property?
Meites of Chicago will answer. . . . This is not all. Other papers and discussions are being arranged by the Association’s three divisions—
Plant Management, Water Purification, and Finance and Accounting. The complete and detailed Conference program w ill be mailed on request.
Flash! A Priorities Clinic
!— In the exhibit hall during the Conference, a special booth will be set up as a place for consultation on priorities matters. I t w ill be staffed by representatives from the water works manufacturing field.Bring your questions w ith you and obtain the best counsel that can be had.
Headquarters, where all m eetings and exhibits w ill be held, is
THE STEVENS HOTEL, CHICAGO
Rates are $3.00 to $4.50 per day for single accom m odations and $4.50 to $9.00 for double. W rite the Stevens H otel direct for reservations or write the A. W W. A. for de
tailed schedule o f rates and any other required inform ation.
THE AMERICAN WATER WORKS ASSOCIATION
22 East 40th Street New York, N. Y.
E Ué jJ J M I
FOR POSITIVE RESULTS -
■ LOW COST OPERATION
*
î / â e
. . .D n v Q à t î a a t e
*UNK-BFLT
E Q U I P M E N T
S
t r a ig h t l in eCOLLECTORS
S T R A IG H T L IN E S lu d g e C o lle c to r s fo r th e e m o v a l o f slu d g e from rectan gu lar se ttlin g a n k s h a v e p roved th e ir h ig h efficien cy, dura- )ility a n d ec o n o m y through y e a r s o f se rv ic e, lo o k N o . 1742.
3 IO -F I LTR A TIO N System For Treating Sewage
d u c h o f th e e ffe c tiv e n e s s o f h is sy s te m d e p e n d s on th e e a c t io n b e t w e e n t h e filte r ffiu en t an d th e raw or partly
r e a t e d s e w a g e i n t h e s e t t l i n g t a n k .
>T R A IG H T L IN E C o lle cto rs h a v e proved id eal or th is p r o ce ss w h e re v er u se d . F old er N o.
881.
IN D U S T R IA L WASTE SCREENS
. i n k - B e l t V ib r a tin g S c r e e n s re d a ily p r o v in g th e ir effi- ie n c y an d eco n o m y in th e r e - noval o f o b je ctio n a b le s u s pended so lid s from in d u strial
raste b efo re th e w ater is d isch a rg ed into e w e r s or str e a m s. B e s id e s red u cin g stream pollution, th e so lid s re co v e re d freq u en tly are n ad e in to v a lu a b le b y-p rod u ct in so m e p lants,
«'older N o . 1877.
C l R C U LI N E
COLLECTORS
C IR C U L IN E C o llecto rs p rovid e rou n d ta n k s w ith th e sa m e im portan t fe a tu r e s w h ich h a v e m a d e th e S T R A I G H T L I N E C o lle c to r t h e a ck n o w led g ed stan d ard for recta n g u la r ta n k s.
B ook N o . 1642.
BAR and T R IT O R SCREENS
T h e S T R A I G H T L I N E M e ch a n ica lly -C le a n e d B ar S cre en is th e m od ern m eth o d o f re m ovin g large su sp e n d e d so lid s an d d eb ris from in co m in g s e w a g e. E q ually e ffe c tiv e is th e T R IT O R S c r e e n w h ich is a com b in ation of sc re en an d grit ch am b er for m ed iu m and sm all siz e p la n ts. B ook N o . 1587.
UMKêrtr
$trr wufCTOR mwAsm®
S
t r a ig h t l in eGRIT COLLECTORS and WASHERS
e ffe c tiv e ly c o llec t, w a sh and rem o v e s e ttle d grit an d se p a rate it from p u tre scib le organ ic m atter. C o n sists o f a scraper ty p e collecto r w h ich tu r n s th e m a te ria l o ver an d o v er an d d isch a rg e s it in to a w a sh in g an d d ew a te rin g sc re w w h ich carries it up an in clin e to point of d isch arge. F o ld er N o . 1942.
L I N K - B E L T W A T E R a n d S E W A G E T R E A T M E N T P L A N T E Q U I P M E N T I N C L U D E S : S T R A I G H T L I N E M ixers for F lo ccu la tio n T a n k s; S T R A I G H T L I N E Scu m B reakers for D ig e stio n T a n k s;
E le v a te d D iffu sers; T ra v e lin g W a ter-In ta k e S creens; R o to -L o u v r e D ry ers for slu d g e and o th er w e t m a teria ls;
P .I .V . G ear V ariab le S p eed D r iv e for P u m p s; C oal an d A shes H a n d lin g M a ch in ery ; C ar S p o tters and H a u la g e S y ste m s; S h o v e ls-C r a n e s-D ra g lin es— C raw ler and T ru ck M o u n ted ; and a co m p le te lin e o f e lev a tin g , c o n v e y in g an d p o w er tr a n sm ittin g eq u ip m en t. C a ta lo g s s e n t on requ est.
L I N K - B E L T C O M P A N Y
LO S A N G E L E S 361 S. A nderson S t.
Specialists in the Manufacture of Equipment for Water and Sewage Treatment Plants
P H I L A D E L P H I A C H IC A G O C L E V E L A N D
2045 W . H u n tin g P ark A v e. 3 0 0 W . P ersh in g R oad 548 R ock efeller B ld g .
A tla n ta . B a ltim o r e . .B o s t o n . . B u ffa lo . . D a lla s . .D e n v e r . D e tr o it. .G rand R a p id s . H o u s to n . H u n tin g to n , W . V a . . In d ia n a p o lis K a n sa s C ity , M o .. .L o u is v ille . .N e w O rlea n s. .N e w Y o rk . O ak lan d , C a lif.. .P ittsb u r g h . .P o r tla n d , Ore. S a lt L ak e C it y . .S e a ttle
S t. L o u is. S t. P a u l W ilkes-B arre
T- s - T T : A 'r ~ -o n to P la n t; M o n trea l; V a n co u v er; S w a stik a
-B elt S peed er C orp., C hicago and C edar R apid» 8796-B
HERE'S THE PROVED ANSWER \ TO THAT SCREENINGS DISPOSAL PR O B LE M !"
® “ IT’S THE REX TRITURATOR — the screen
ings shredder whose success is based up
on its clean-cut shearing action and the thorough disintegration o f rags, papers, and other forms o f organic solids, perm it
ting their direct return to the sewage flow fo r subsequent settling and digestion.”
© “ INSTALLED WITH EITHER NEW or exist
in g bar racks (hand or m echanically cleaned) the REX T ritu ra to r does its w o rk w ith very lo w water and electric current consumption. T ritu ra te d screenings are uniform ly minute— no stringy or large pieces o f material are allowed to go th ru .”
® “ CATALOG NO. 289 gives you all the speci
fications and other details-tells o f the T r it
urator’s sturdy construction, its accurate balance w ith corresponding m inim um v i
bration, its m inim um power requirements against maximum screening capacity.”
© “ From coast to coast, under all con
ditions, the T ritu ra to r has proved itse lf thru its low er installation cost, its low er operating cost, lo w cost fo r flushing water. I f you w ant to save money— and do a good jo b — i t ’s the rig h t answer!”
B ulletin N o. 289 a n d other catalogs on any or a ll o f the R E X S a n itation equipm ent, in clu d in g bar screens, sludge collectors, Aero-filters, Slo mixers, are available a t your request.
1606 IV . Bruce Street, M ilwaukee, IVisconsin.
T R I T U R A T O R S
C H A I N B E L T C O M P A N Y O F M I L W A U K E E
S E W A G E W O R K S JO U R N A L 7
NINE VOLUMES OF
IM A G IN E E R IN G
THESE NINE B O O K S are designed to help all men, every
where, do the Imagineering that improves methods of production and speeds delivery to our fighting men of all war materiel made of aluminum.
HERE A T A L C O A , Imagineering has enabled us to double production and to be well on the way to tripling it, in an amazingly short time. And still the expansion goes on. Swinging immense new plants into top volume at top speed; building again, and manning that new
SO MUCH SO SOOH
capacity efficiently . . . This is Imagineering at work for the war.
WE’RE BREAKING RECORDSby sheer determination backed by know-how.
Y O U ’RE D O IN G THE SAME. Perhaps your men, many of them new to the ways o f working with aluminum, can help you get even more speed through the know-how these books contain.
IN THE DAYS when we made only a driblet of Alcoa Aluminum Alloys, compared to the great flood we are now pouring into the war effort, our engineers could counsel with you personally on fabricating procedures.
Today many of these men have been brought back to our plants to join the drive for production. From these books you can get much of the know-how our men used to bring you personally.
O U T O F THESE PAGES,too, will come the exciting Imagi
neering of the future. Many of the products you will create to meet the new competition, as
well as
millions of jobs for our boys as they come home, w ill stem from that Imagineering.Aluminum Company of America, 2111 G ulf Building, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.
A L C O A A L U M I N U M
S E W A G E W O R K S JO U R N A L 9
FOR EMERGENCY CONTROL
MANUAL STOP CONE VALVES
For stop-valve use where unobstructed, full-pipe flow is the normal require
ment with positive, quick closing when called upon, the Chapman Cone Valve has exceptional qualifications.
One— It is a plug type valve with a continuous pipe-line waterway.
T w o -T h e plug is fully seated in open or closed position, with all seats fully protected from the flow.
Three— The self-cleaning a c tio n when operating tends to eliminate all possibility of fouling.
Four— The unique operating mech
anism automatically unwedges, ro
tates and rewedges the plug, and as
sures easy action, quick closing w ith
out surge and freedom from exces
sive wear on seats.
Five— Equally dependable for fre
quent operation or infrequent emer
gency use.
We know of no other valve so well adapted for sewage applications. The wide use and fine performance of Chapman Cone Valves in the sewage and waterworks fields arc good evidence of their reliability and efficiency.
48" M anually O perated C hapm an Cone V a lre
M a n u f a c t u r i n g C o
MASSACHUSETTS
GENERAL CHEMICAL ‘ALUM’
^
M
^ / / /r
FOR COAGULATION OF WATER AND
^✓SEWAGE
G eneral Chemical Company Aluminum Sulfate is a first line defense against taste and odor troubles, supplementing other methods of control. Prominent water works authorities state that 25% to 50% of taste and odor may be re
moved in the settling basins by adequate coagulation. Such coagulation also carries down in the settling basins the filter clog
ging organisms which shorten filter runs.
Clarity and purity of sewage effluent are easily obtainable w ith General Chemical Aluminum Sulfate. When you use General Chemical 'Alum; you get these advantages :
• It is simple to apply, clean, easy to handle.
• Requires only simple, low cost equip
ment for application.
• It is a year around coagulant.
• Does not necessarily require other chemicals to complete the reaction . .. and there is no com
plicated proportioning of two or more chemicals.
• Can produce clear, near zero turbidity effluent.
• Precipitated sludge dries quickly and without odor.
• It is preferred and specified by the ma
jority of important American municipalities.
General Chemical Company is pleased to extend the cooperation of its experts in sewage and water purification problems.
Inquiries for further information are cordi
ally invited. W rite today.
G E N E R A L C H E M I C A L C O M P A N Y
40 R E C T O R S T R E E T , N E W Y O R K , N . Y .
■ B altim ore • Boston . B rid g ep o rt (C onn.) . B uffalo C harlotte (N . C .) . Chicago . Cleveland . D enver . D e tro it . H ouston . K an sas C ity M ilwaukee • M inneapolis • New York • P h ila d e lp h ia . P itts b u rg h . Providence (R I )
St. Louis . U tica (N . Y .)
Pacific Coast Sales O ffices: S an F ran cisco « Los A ngeles Pacific Northwest Sales O ffices: W enatchee (W ash.) . Y akim a (W ash.) In Canada: Tile Nichols Chem ical Company. L im ite d • M o n treal . T oronto • Vancouver
General Chemical ALUMINUM SULFATE
S E W A G E W O R K S JO U R N A L 11
A 5-POINT SAVING IN SEWER-LINE
PIPE
TRANSITE'S LONG LENGTHS f a c i lit a t e la y in g p ip e to a c c u r a t e g r a d e s , s p e e d u p in s t a lla t i o n a n d r e d u c e t h e
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OOKING fo r l a s t i n g s e w e r - lin e s a v - j in g s ? C h e c k t h e a d v a n t a g e s o f J - M T r a n s i t e — t h e a s b e s t o s - c e m e n t se w e r p ip e . Y o u ’ll see h o w t h i s m o d e r n m a t e r i a l p r o v i d e s i m p o r t a n t s a v in g s o n a ll t h e a b o v e p o in t s .I n m u n i c ip a l s e w e r s y s te m s , T r a n s i t e d h ig h flow c o e ffic ie n t, t i g h t j o i n t s , c o r r o s i o n r e s i s t a n c e a n d u n i f o r m s t r e n g t h a r e e s t a b li s h in g a n e w s t a n d a r d fo r e f f ic ie n t, e c o n o m ic a l s e r v ic e .
T h e f a c t s a b o u t J - M T r a n s i t e P ip e a r e i n t e r e s t i n g a n d c o n v in c in g . Y o u s h o u ld h a v e fu ll d e t a i l s b e f o r e p l a n
n in g n e w s e w e r lin e s o r m o d e r n iz i n g o ld o n e s . W r i t e fo r t h e T r a n s i t e S e w e r P i p e B r o c h u r e , T R - 2 1 A , t o J o h n s - M a n v i ll e , 22 E . 4 0 t h S t., N . Y . , N . Y .
WRITE FOR Y OUR FREE COPY OF THIS N EW BROCHURE
11 Johns-Manville TRANSITE PIPE
TH E M O D E R N M A T E R I A L F O R S E W E R A N D W A T E R LINES
E M C O Special SEWAGE GAS METERS
F O R
E F F I C I E N T G A S U T I L I Z A T I O N
O S S IN IN G . N . Y.
O N O N D A G A C O U N T Y , N . Y.
Efficient gas utilization in sewage plants requires the accurate measurement of all gas generated. Present practice calls for the use of sewage meters at the follow
ing points in treatment plants:
1. To measure the entire gas flow from each digestion tank.
2. To measure the gas used by burners or gas engines.
3. To measure the gas wasted or exhausted to atmosphere.
EM C O Sewage Gas M eters are especially constructed from carefully se
lected materials to stand up under the corrosive and erosive effects of this gas.
Positive and accurate measurement is provided by the diaphragm bellows dis
placement principle. Accuracy, reduction in servicing costs, ease of service and a minimum of interference with the con
tinuous operation of the meter are out
standing characteristics of EMCO Meters.
There's a type and size for every measure
ment requirement.
Ask for bulletins 1031 and 1042.
P I T T S B U R G H H O T OR C O L D W A T E R M E T E R
N O R D S T R O M L U B R I C A T E D P L U G V A L V E
E M C O L A R G E C A P « I R O N S E W A G E GAS P IT T S B U R G H E Q U IT A B L E M E T E R C O M P A N Y
iummo MERCO NORDSTROM VALVE COMPANY
mi«tom run* Main Ofticri. Pittsburgh. Pa. DK, „ę,n11 moustom
0 L A R G E C A P A C I T Y
S E O S T E E L S E W A G E G A S M E T E R
S E W A G E W O R K S JO U R N A L 13
W hether you are p lan n in g
n ew sew a ge construction , replacem ent o r repair w ork , D ressers offer you a fast, sim ple, econ om ica l m ethod o f jo in in g steel, cast-iron or concrete pipe. Investigate D resser C ou p lin gs for any o f these
1 0applications:
1. OUTFALL SEWERS 2
.
INTERCEPTINGSEWERS
3. PRESSURE SEWERS 4. SEWER MAINS 5. SEWER CROSSINGS
6. INVERTED SIPHONS 7. DRAINAGE LINES 8. SLUDGE LINES 9. SEWAGE PLANT
PIPING 10. AIR LINES
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402B.
DRESSER MANUFACTURING COMPANY • BRADFORD, PA.
A MI L E OF C A S T I R O N PI PE
SALVAGED and SOLD
FOR APPROXIMATELY ITS ORIGINAL COST
E A R L Y fo r ty y ea rs a g o , a t S o u th F o r k , P a ., a b o u t a m ile o f 8 - in c h p ip e w as in s t a lle d to s u p p ly w a te r to a c o a l m in e . L a st y e a r t h e lin e w as a b a n d o n e d b u t n o t t h e p i p e . T h is w a s c a s t ir o n p ip e w h ic h c a n b e sa lv a g e d or re
u s e d . I t w as d u g u p a n d s a l
P i p e b e a r i n g t b i § m a r k i s c a s t i r o n p i p e .
vaged for c a s h a t a p r ic e a p p r o x i
m a te ly e q u a l t o it s o r ig in a l c o s t
— a fte r n e a r ly fo r ty y e a r s o f se r v ic e . W e h a v e o n file m a n y r e c ord s o f o ld c a s t ir o n m a in s w h ic h h a v e b e e n ta k e n u p a n d r e - u s e d , or so ld to o t h e r c it ie s fo r r e - u s e ,
or so ld a s s c r a p .
A v a i l a b l e i n d i a m e t e r s f r o m 1 1 ^ t o 8 4 i n c h e s .
T R A D E MARK R E G .
C A S T I R O N P I P E R E S E A R C H A S S O C I A T I O N . T H O M A S F. W O L F E . R E S E A R C H E N G I N E E R . 1 0 1 5 P E O P L E S GAS B U I L D I N G . C H I C A G O . I L L I N O I S
CAST IRON PIPE
PUBLIC TAX SAVER N O . 1
Sewage W orks Journal
Published by
Federation of Sew age W orks A ssociations Lancaster, Pa.
C o p y r ig h t, 1942, b y F e d e ra tio n o f S ew a g e W orks A sso cia tio n s
V ol. X I V M ay, 1942 N o . 3
Plant Operation:
Sewage Treatment Works Operation Records. By Ro y S. La n p h e a r ... 589
Record Forms for a Large Sewage Treatment Works. ByGeorge E. Sy m o n s a n d Ge o rge F. Fy n n ... 593
Cross Connections Between Portable Water Supply Systems and Sewerage Systems. By J. R. Hof f e r t ... 604
Cross Connections in Sewage Plants. By G. E. Ar n o l d... 608
Plant Design for Dissolved Oxygen. By M. W. Ta t l o c k... 614
Experience With Sludge Elutriation at the Metropolitan District Sewage Treatment Plant, Hartford, Conn. By Geor g e H. Cr a e m e r ... 621
Separate Sludge Digestion Problems. B y Wa l t e r Ku n s c h ... 629
Sewage Research: Studies of Sewage Purification. XVI. Determination of Dissolved Oxygen in Acti vated Sludge-Sewage Mixtures. B y C. C. Ru c h h o f t a n d O. R. Pl a c a k . . ... 638
The Determination of Iron in Sewage. By Ri c h a r d Po m e r o y ... 651
Industrial Wastes: Industrial Wastes, the L a w and Pollution Control Programs. By Milton P. Ad a m s. Discussjon by C. R. Ho o ver ... 653
First Year’s Operation of the Waste Treatment Plant of the Calco Chemical Division, American Cyanamid Company, Bound Brook, N. J. By V. L. King, C. H. Be a n a n d R. E. Le s t e r... 666
Chemical Precipitation of Kier Liquor Waste on a Pilot Plant Scale and Studies on the Use of Return Sludge. By Ra l p h Po r g e s, Robe r t K. Ho r t o n a n d Ha r o l d B. Go t a a s ... 685
The Operator’s Corner: Waste Nothing! Plan Requirement! Banish Hoarding! ... 696
California Operators’ Symposium ... 697
The Gadget Department: Holder for Standard Rain Gage. By W a l t e r A. Sp e r r y...713
Screenings Incinerator. B y Thos. J. Gwin ... 715
Sanitary and Dripless Wash Bottle. By Ch a r l e s Ba u g h ... 716
Decrease of Gas Production with Cessation of Feed to Digester. By Fr ed H. Bu r l e y ... 717
Bark from the Daily L o g ... 718
Interesting Extracts from Operation Reports. By David Ba c k m e y e r... 722
Massillon, Ohio (1940). By R. F. Sn y d e r... 726
Tips and Quips ... 728 587
E d ito ria l:
no
1 A Census of Sewerage Systems and Sewage Treatment P la n ts ...Proceedings of Local Associations:
Canadian Institute on Sewage and Sanitation ... 733 Kansas Water and Sewage Works Association ...
1
Reviews and Abstracts:
The Disposal of Waste Acids. By W. W. Hodge ...
Nomograph fo r the Solubility of Chlorine in Water. By D. S. Davis... 737 New Sanitary Sewage Facilities fo r San Diego. By B. D. Phelps and R. C. Stock
m a n ... 737 Sewer Design by Approximate Flood Routing as Applied to an Army Cantonment.
By R. L. Fraser ... 73®
Buffalo Sewage Works has Modern Laboratory. B y G. E. S y m o n s... 73&
The Grease Problem in Sewage Treatment. B y A. L. Fales and S. A. Greeley .... 739 Discussion of the Grease Problem in Sewage Treatment. B y A. D. W e s t o n ... 740 Sludge Boat “ N avy” Defies Submarine Menace ... 741 Interstate Sanitation Commission 1941 Annual R e p o rt... 741 The Construction and Operation of a. Single-Stage Digestion Tank. By W. F. Snook. 744 Todmorden Sewage Disposal Works. B y T. S. W a l l ... 744 Sewage Sludge as a M a n u re ... 745 Post War Laboratory Planning and Equipment fo r Sewage Purification Works. By
Reginald W. Covill ... 745
High Rate Dosing of Gravel Beds. B y John T. T h o m p s o n ... 746 Has the Use of the Activated Sludge System Been Justified? B y A. E. Berry .... 747 The Oxidized Sludge and Regenerative Digestion Treatment Plant at Zeeland, M ichi
gan. B y E. F. Eldridge 748
Book Review ... 753 Local Association Meetings in 1942 ...«... 754
P lan t O peration
SEW AG E T R EA TM EN T W ORKS O PER A TIO N RECORDS *
By Roy S. L a n p h e a e
Supervising Chemist, Bureau of Sewers, Department of Public Worlcs, Worcester, Mass.
A l l e n g i n e e r s a n d p l a n t o p e r a t o r s r e c o g n i z e t h e v a l u e o f o p e r a t i n g a n d l a b o r a t o r y r e c o r d s o f s e w a g e t r e a t m e n t p l a n t s , i n c o n n e c t i o n w i t h p l a n t o p e r a t i o n a n d t h e p l a n n i n g o f f u t u r e i m p r o v e m e n t s o r a d d i t i o n s t o t h e p l a n t . U n f o r t u n a t e l y , a l l o p e r a t o r s a r e n o t i n a p o s i t i o n t o d e v e l o p l a b o r a t o r y w o r k t o t h e s a m e p o i n t a s d o m a n y o f t h e l a r g e r p l a n t s . H o w e v e r , t h e r e i s n o r e a s o n w h y t h e o p e r a t o r , p o s s i b l y w i t h t h e a s s i s t a n c e o f t h e e n g i n e e r o f t h e S t a t e D e p a r t m e n t o f H e a l t h , c a n n o t d e v e l o p a n o p e r a t i o n r e c o r d w h i c h w i l l b e q u i t e c o m p l e t e .
O t h e r t h a n t h o s e a b o v e m e n t i o n e d , t h e r e a r e a n u m b e r o f r e a s o n s w h y o p e r a t i o n a n d l a b o r a t o r y r e c o r d s s h o u l d b e m a d e a s c o m p l e t e a s p o s s i b l e . T h e y a r e :
1 . A n e x c e l l e n t d e f e n s e a g a i n s t a b u s i v e c r i t i c i s m i n c a s e o f a s i n g l e m i s h a p i n p l a n t o p e r a t i o n . A g o o d e x a m p l e i s t h e c o n t r o l o f t h e t r i c k l i n g f i l t e r f l y , w h i c h m a y f a i l p o s s i b l y o n c e i n a s i n g l e s e a s o n . 2. T o g e t h e r w i t h a c e r t a i n a m o u n t o f l a b o r a t o r y t e s t r e s u l t s , a n
e x c e l l e n t d e f e n s e a g a i n s t c r i t i c i s m i n t h e c a s e o f a n o v e r l o a d e d p l a n t .
3. G o o d e f f e c t u p o n t h e o p e r a t i n g p e r s o n n e l . T h e f a c t t h a t r e c o r d s a r e m a d e a n d t h e o p e r a t o r ’s s i g n a t u r e i s r e q u i r e d i m p r e s s e s u p o n h i m t h a t h i s w o r k i s a n e s s e n t i a l p a r t o f t h e e f f i c i e n t o p e r a t i o n o f t h e p l a n t .
4. A v a i l a b i l i t y f o r f a v o r a b l e c o o p e r a t i o n w i t h t h e s a n i t a r y e n g i n e e r i n g d i v i s i o n o f t h e S t a t e D e p a r t m e n t o f H e a l t h . T h e f a c t t h a t w e h a v e t h i s F e d e r a t i o n o f S e w a g e W o r k s A s s o c i a t i o n i s a n i n d i c a t i o n t h a t t h e d a y o f t h e p o l i c e m a n i n t h e o p e r a t i o n o f s e w a g e t r e a t m e n t p l a n t s i s g o n e f o r e v e r . W h e r e p l a n t s l a c k s u f f i c i e n t l a b o r a t o r y f a c i l i t i e s , i t i s n e c e s s a r y t h a t c e r t a i n s a m p l e s b e c o l l e c t e d f r o m t i m e t o t i m e . A s s i s t a n t s a n i t a r y e n g i n e e r s o f t h e S t a t e D e p a r t m e n t o f H e a l t h s h o u l d m a k e p e r i o d i c p l a n t i n s p e c t i o n s . R e p o r t s o f t h e s e a n a l y s i s a n d i n s p e c t i o n s h o u l d b e m a d e a p a r t o f t h e p l a n t r e c o r d s f o r t w o r e a s o n s : f i r s t , e n c o u r a g e m e n t o f t h e s m a l l p l a n t o p e r a t o r t o c o n t i n u e g o o d w o r k ; a n d s e c o n d , t o f u r n i s h t h e b a s i s o f d i s c u s s i o n b e t w e e n t h e o p e r a t o r a n d t h e e n g i n e e r a s t o h o w b e s t t o i m p r o v e t h e r e s u l t s o f p l a n t o p e r a t i o n .
* Presented at the Second Annual Convention of the Federation of Sewage Works Associa
tions, New York City, Oct. 10, 1941.
589
111 s o m e s t a t e s , t h e p l a n t o p e r a t o r i s r e q u i r e d t o fill o u t c e r t a i n f o r m s o f d a i l y r e c o r d s e a c h m o n t h a n d s u b m i t t h e m t o t h e S t a t e D e p a r t m e n t o f H e a l t h . I f t h e D e p a r t m e n t A s s i s t a n t E n g i n e e r m a k e s h i s i n s p e c t i o n a v i s i t w o r t h w h i l e , t h e o p e r a t i o n r e c o r d a s m a d e b y t h e p l a n t o p e i a t o i c a n b e r e v i e w e d b y t h e t w o m e n t o g e t h e r w i t h m u c h b e n e f i t t o t h e o p e i a - t o r a n d t h e d e v e l o p m e n t o f a s p i r i t o f c o o p e r a t i o n .
T h e p e r m a n e n t a s s e m b l e d r e c o r d s o f p l a n t a n d l a b o r a t o r y o p e r a t i o n a t W o r c e s t e r a r e k e p t i n f o u r c l o t h - a n d - l e a t h e r - b o u n d r u l e d b o o k s . I t i s t h e i n t e n t i o n t o r e d u c e t h e p u r c h a s e e x p e n s e a n d t h e h a n d l i n g o f t h e s e b o o k s b y u s i n g s h e e t s o f u n i f o r m s i z e , a p p r o p r i a t e l y r u l e d , c o n t a i n e d i n a s u i t a b l e t e m p o r a r y c o v e r . T h e n a t t h e e n d o f e a c h y e a r , t h e s e r e c o r d s m a y b e b o u n d i n a s i n g l e v o l u m e .
T h e a c t u a l w o r k i n g o p e r a t i o n r e c o r d s c o n s i s t o f f o u r l o o s e - l e a f s h e e t s , o n e o f w h i c h i s p r i n t e d a n d t h e o t h e r t h r e e m i m e o g r a p h e d .
1. D a i l y O p e r a t i o n R e c o r d . 2. D a i l y S a m p l e R e c o r d .
3. D a i l y S l u d g e P u m p O p e r a t i o n .
4. R e m o v a l o f D r i e d S l u d g e f r o m D r y i n g B e d s .
T h e D a i l y O p e r a t i o n R e c o r d i s p r i n t e d a n d i s u s e d b y t h e F o r e m a n ; i t i s c o n t a i n e d i n a n i n e x p e n s i v e l o o s e - l e a f c o v e r a n d i s g i v e n t o t h e S u p e r v i s i n g C h e m i s t e a c h m o r n i n g w h e n w o r k s o p e r a t i o n i s d i s c u s s e d . T h i s r e c o r d g i v e s t h e t i m e s h e e t , s e w a g e f l o w , d o s i n g t a n k s c o u n t e r r e a d i n g s , u s e o f b y - p a s s e s , s c r e e n i n g s , g r i t c h a m b e r c l e a n i n g , t a n k a n d f i l t e r o p e r a t i o n , s l u d g e d r a w i n g a n d a l l r o u t i n e o p e r a t i o n s . T h e s e r e c o r d s a r e f i l e d i n a s i m i l a r l o o s e - l e a f c o v e r i n t h e s p e a k e r ’s d e s k u n t i l f o u r m o n t h s ’ r e c o r d s a r e b o u n d i n r e d p r e s s b o a r d c o v e r s t o s e r v e a s o r i g i n a l r e c o r d s .
T h e s e c o n d r e c o r d s h e e t s h o w s a l o n g s i d e a n e m p l o y e e ’s s i g n a t u r e t h e t i m e o f c o l l e c t i o n o f e v e r y s a m p l e f o r w h i c h h e w a s r e s p o n s i b l e .
T h e t h i r d r e c o r d i s m a d e o u t b y t h e e m p l o y e e o p e r a t i n g a n y o n e o f t h e t h r e e s l u d g e p u m p s a n d c o n t a i n s c o m p l e t e d a t a a s t o p u m p o p e r a t i o n a n d d i s p o s a l o f w e t s l u d g e .
B o t h o f t h e s e r e c o r d s a r e a l s o c o n t a i n e d i n l o o s e - l e a f c o v e r s a n d a r e d i s c u s s e d e a c h m o r n i n g a l o n g w i t h t h e o p e r a t i o n r e c o r d .
T h e f o u r t h r e c o r d , r e m o v a l o f d r i e d s l u d g e , i s a s e a s o n a l r e c o r d a n d i s u s e d t o f a c i l i t a t e c o m p u t a t i o n o f c o s t r e c o r d s a n d t o c h e c k p a y m e n t f o r h i r e d t r u c k s . T h e b e s t i l l u s t r a t i o n o f t h e u s e o f t h i s r e c o r d i s t h e d a t a p r e s e n t e d i n R e v i e w s a n d A b s t r a c t s , S e c t i o n 6 ,
T h is J o u r n a l
f o r M a r c h , 1 9 4 1 , w h e r e i n c o s t f i g u r e s a r e p r e s e n t e d f o r r e m o v a l o f d r i e d s l u d g e u s i n g w e l f a r e a n d t e m p o r a r y l a b o r .O n c e e a c h w e e k , r i v e r w a t e r s a m p l e s a r e c o l l e c t e d a t e a c h o f f o u r s t a t i o n s . T h e c o l l e c t o r r e c o r d s h i s o b s e r v a t i o n o f r i v e r c o n d i t i o n s a n d s i g n s t h e r e c o r d f o r m , w h i c h i n c l u d e s h i s s t a t e m e n t t h a t h e c o l l e c t e d t h e f o u r s a m p l e s a s r e c o r d e d . T h e s e r e c o r d s a r e a l s o b o u n d i n p r e s s b o a r d c o v e r s e a c h y e a r .
Vol. 14, No. 3 S E W A G E T R E A T M E N T W O R K S O P E R A T IO N R E C O R D S
591
T h e l a b o r a t o r y b e n c h w o r k i s c o n t a i n e d i n s i x o r d i n a r y b l a n k b o o k s , w i t h h e a v y p r e s s b o a r d c o v e r s , e a c h o f w h i c h i s p r o p e r l y l a b e l l e d s o a s t o c o n t a i n s i m i l a r w o r k a n d a t t h e s a m e t i m e , a v o i d a l l c o n f l i c t i n t h e i r u s e .
T o f a c i l i t a t e t h e u s e o f m o n t h l y a v e r a g e d a t a , 4 b y 6 i n . c a r d s a r e r u l e d a n d f i l e d a c c o r d i n g t o d a t a c o n t a i n e d i n t h e A n n u a l R e p o r t o f t h e S u p e r i n t e n d e n t o f t h e B u r e a u o f S e w e r s . I t i s p o s s i b l e t o l a y a c a r d o n t h e d e s k f o r e a c h o f t h e s i x t e e n y e a r s o f w o r k s o p e r a t i o n , c o n t a i n i n g s i m i l a r d a t a a n d a f f o r d i n g r e a d y c o m p a r i s o n . E a c h c a r d a l s o c o n t a i n s t h e y e a r l y a v e r a g e o r t o t a l . S i m i l a r c a r d s c o n t a i n a s u m m a r y o f t h e y e a r l y f i g u r e s . P r o v i d e d e n t r i e s a r e m a d e e a c h m o n t h , t h e w o r k i n v o l v e d i s l e s s t h a n t h i s d e s c r i p t i o n m i g h t i n d i c a t e . T h e v a l u e o f t h i s r e c o r d i s a p p r e c i a t e d w h e n d i s c u s s i n g w o r k s o p e r a t i o n w i t h t h e B u r e a u S u p e r i n t e n d e n t , e n g i n e e r i n g v i s i t o r s , t e a c h i n g c l a s s e s o f e n g i n e e r i n g s t u d e n t s , a n d w r i t i n g a n n u a l r e p o r t s .
F i n a l l y , t h e t a b l e s f o r t h e a n n u a l r e p o r t a r e o n l o o s e - l e a f s h e e t s i n a p r e s s b o a r d c o v e r a n d e n t r i e s a r e m a d e f o r e a c h m o n t h d u r i n g t h e y e a r . T h e w r i t t e n p o r t i o n o f t h e r e p o r t i s p l a c e d i n t h e s a m e c o v e r a n d u p o n r e t u r n t o t h e c o m p i l e r s o m e m o n t h s a f t e r c o m p l e t i o n , t h e c o v e r a n d c o n t e n t s a r e f i l e d , w i t h t h e y e a r p l a i n l y m a r k e d o n t h e b a c k .
Di s c u s s i o n
D r. M o h l m a n : I t i s i m p o r t a n t t o k e e p r e c o r d s . R e c o r d k e e p i n g i s c h a r a c t e r i s t i c o f t h e U n i t e d S t a t e s , f o r i n E n g l a n d a n d G e r m a n y p r a c t i c a l l y n o d a i l y r o u t i n e a n a l y s e s a r e m a d e . D r . I m h o f f f e l t t h a t d a i l y a n a l y s e s w e r e n o t s o e s s e n t i a l a s a r e c o r d o f s l u d g e h a n d l i n g a n d d i s p o s a l . A l t h o u g h A m e r i c a n o p e r a t o r s m a k e m o s t c o m p l e t e a n a l y s e s a n d k e e p e x c e l l e n t r e c o r d s , i t i s r a t h e r h a z a r d o u s f o r a n o p e r a t o r t o p o i n t w i t h p r i d e t o o n e y e a r ’s i m p r o v e m e n t o v e r t h e p r e v i o u s y e a r , b e c a u s e t h e n e x t y e a r m a y s h o w l e s s f a v o r a b l e r e s u l t s . T h e r e f o r e , r e c o r d s a r e n o t o f v a l u e t o p r o v e b e t t e r o r w o r s e r e s u l t s f r o m y e a r t o y e a r , b u t r a t h e r t o s h o w a l o n g - t e r m a v e r a g e o f t h e r e s u l t s o f p l a n t o p e r a t i o n .
Mr. B l o o d g o o d : W e k e e p a l o t o f r e c o r d s b u t e v e n t h e n w e o f t e n f i n d t h a t c e r t a i n d a t a w e h a v e n o t r e c o r d e d w e r e a l l y d o n e e d . I t h i n k t h e r e o u g h t t o b e a c o m m i t t e e f o r m e d t o s t a n d a r d i z e r e c o r d f o r m s a n d t h e n e c e s s a r y d a t a t h a t s h o u l d b e k e p t .
Mr. S c h r o e p f e r : I n 1 9 3 2 t h e r e w a s a n a r t i c l e p u b l i s h e d o n s t a n d a r d i z a t i o n o f r e c o r d s . ( S e e
T h is J o u rn a l,
4 : 3 - 2 7 , 1 9 3 2 . )Mr. D o n a l d s o n : T h e r e w a s s u c h a r e p o r t m a d e b y t h e N e w Y o r k S t a t e S e w a g e W o r k s A s s o c i a t i o n .
Mr. L a n p h e a r : M a n y o f t h e r e c o r d s w e k e e p a r e e n t i r e l y f o r o u r o w n b e n e f i t . T h e e f f e c t o f i r o n i n o u r s e w a g e o n d i g e s t i o n — t h e c o n t r o l o f t h e f i l t e r f l y b y f l o o d i n g , e t c .
M r. F r a z i e r
(O sh ko sh ) :
O f w h a t u s e a r e r e c o r d s ? T h e B o a r d o f T r u s t e e s u s u a l l y i s n o t i n t e r e s t e d i n t h e d a t a . T h e y a r e n e c e s s a r y f o r f u t u r e e x p a n s i o n , c o s t s , v a l u e o f e q u i p m e n t , e t c .M r . M o l i t o r : I t i s v e r y n e c e s s a r y t o k e e p c o m p l e t e r e c o r d s . M e h a v e 2 8 y e a r s o f t h e m a n d t h e y a r e v a l u a b l e t o s h o w s t h e t r u s t e e s .
Mr. La r s o n : R e p o r t s a r e n o g o o d u n l e s s t h e y a r e r e a d a n d t h e y a r e a l s o o f n o u s e u n l e s s r e a d i l y a v a i l a b l e .
M r . M e r r i l l
(M a ss
. ) : N o r e c o r d s w e r e k e p t a t o n e p l a n t e v e n o f t h e f l o w a n d w h e n a n i n d u s t r y s t a r t e d t o d i s c h a r g e w a s t e s t o t h e p l a n t i t w a s f o u n d , m u c h t o t h e e m b a r r a s s m e n t o f t h e S t a t e , t h a t t h e i n d u s t r y s f l o w w a s f i v e t o e i g h t t i m e s t h a t o f t h e s e w a g e p l a n t .RECORD FORMS FOR A LARGE SEW AGE TR E A TM E N T W ORKS *
B y G e o r g e E . S y m o n s a n d G e o r g e F . F y n n
is
... C h ie f C h e m ist a n d S ta tis tic ia n , B u ffa lo S e w e r A u th o r i t y , B u ffa lo , N . Y .
T h e n u m b e r , k i n d , a n d c o m p l e x i t y o f r e c o r d f o r m s f o r a n i n d u s t r i a l o r g a n i z a t i o n d e p e n d u p o n t h e m a g n i t u d e a n d t y p e o f t h e o p e r a t i o n s p e r f o r m e d w i t h i n t h e p h y s i c a l p l a n t o f t h e i n d u s t r y c o n c e r n e d . T h e s e f o r m s m u s t b e i n t e g r a t e d i n s u c h a m a n n e r a s t o m a k e t h e d a t a , r e c o r d s , a n d i n f o r m a t i o n r e a d i l y a v a i l a b l e t o t h o s e c h a r g e d w i t h m a n a g e m e n t a n d s u p e r v i s i o n o f p l a n t o p e r a t i o n s . I n a n y l a r g e s e w a g e t r e a t m e n t w o r k s , s u c h a s t h a t o f t h e B u f f a l o S e w e r A u t h o r i t y , t h e p r o b l e m o f f o r m s f o r r e c o r d i n g d a t a a n d r e s u l t s i s o n e t h a t m u s t b e a t t a c k e d e a r l y i n o p e r a t i o n , i f n o t b e f o r e o p e r a t i o n i s i n a u g u r a t e d .
F r e q u e n t l y , a s i n N e w Y o r k S t a t e , s t a n d a r d i z e d f o r m s f r o m t h e D e p a r t m e n t o f H e a l t h f o r r e p o r t s f r o m t r e a t m e n t w o r k s m a y b e a v a i l a b l e , b u t w h e r e a s t h e y m a y s u f f i c e f o r s m a l l e r p l a n t s , t h e y a r e l i k e l y t o b e i n a d e q u a t e f o r l a r g e r w o r k s . T h e s e s t a n d a r d f o r m s , h o w e v e r , d o s h o w t h e i n f o r m a t i o n d e s i r e d b y t h e H e a l t h D e p a r t m e n t , a n d t h e r e f o r e i n d i c a t e c e r t a i n i t e m s t h a t m u s t b e i n c l u d e d i f t h e d i s p o s a l p l a n t d e v e l o p s i t s o w n f o r m s . B a s i c c o n s i d e r a t i o n s o f r e c o r d f o r m s m u s t b e c o n c e r n e d , n o t o n l y w i t h p l a n t o p e r a t i o n s , b u t a l s o w i t h a n a l y t i c a l d a t a t h a t m a y b e t r a n s l a t e d i n t o p r o d u c t i o n q u a n t i t i e s . I t i s e s s e n t i a l , t h e r e f o r e , t h a t s a m p l e s b e c o l l e c t e d a t s u c h p o i n t s a s w i l l p r o d u c e i n f o r m a t i o n r e l a t i v e t o t h e a c t u a l o p e r a t i o n o f t h e t r e a t m e n t p l a n t , a n d t h a t l a b o r a t o r y f o r m s b e p r o v i d e d f o r r e c o r d i n g t h e r e s u l t s o f a n a l y s e s o f t h e s e s a m p l e s .
P r e l i m i n a r y f o r m s f o r t h e B u f f a l o t r e a t m e n t w o r k s w e r e p r e p a r e d o n a D i t t o m a c h i n e , o r a s b l a c k l i n e p r i n t s o f p e n c i l t r a c i n g s , b u t t h e n e e d f o r s t a n d a r i z e d a n d p e r m a n e n t r e c o r d f o r m s s o o n b e c a m e a p p a r e n t .
T h e f i n a l l a y o u t a n d n u m b e r o f f o r m s e v o l v e d f r o m s e v e n m a j o r p r e m i s e s .
1. A l l f o r m s s h o u l d b e o f t h e s a m e s i z e o n s t a n d a r d 8
V
2 i n . b y 11 i n . p a p e r w i t h p u n c h i n g s , t o a l l o w f o r f i l i n g i n a t h r e e - r i n g n o t e b o o k ; m o n t h l y r e c o r d s t h u s , o f n e c e s s i t y , b e c o m e a m u l t i p l e l e a f r e p o r t .2 . F o r m s s h o u l d b e s o l a i d o u t t h a t a s t a n d a r d h e a d i n g c o u l d b e u s e d 011 a l l s h e e t s .
3. F o r m s w e r e t o b e p r i n t e d b y m i m e o g r a p h . N o t o n l y i s m i m e o g r a p h i n g l e s s e x p e n s i v e t h a n p r i n t i n g , b u t i t e l i m i n a t e s t h e n e c e s s i t y f o r s t o r i n g l a r g e q u a n t i t i e s o f p r i n t e d f o r m s , a n d m a k e s i t p o s s i b l e t o c h a n g e a f o r m q u i c k l y a n d a t l o w c o s t , i f e x p e r i e n c e i n d i c a t e s n e e d f o r r e v i s i o n .
* Presented at the 102nd Meeting of the American Chemical Society, Atlantic City, Sept.
9, 1941. Released by courtesy of the A. C. S.
593
4. C o l u m n a r s p a c i n g i s b a s e d o n t h e n u m b e r o f d i g i t s t o b e e n t e i e u n d e r t h e h e a d i n g c o n c e r n e d .
5 . I n a d d i t i o n t o t h e d a i l y e n t r i e s , t h e m o n t h l y s u m m a r y s l i e e s s h o u l d c o n t a i n t h e t o t a l s , m a x i m u m , m i n i m u m a n d d a i l y a v e r a g e p u s t h e d a i l y a v e r a g e f o r t h e p r e v i o u s m o n t h , a n d t h e n o r m a l d a i l . \ a \ e i a g e f o r t h e s a m e m o n t h o f a l l p r e v i o u s y e a r s . . ,
6 . A v e r a g e d a t a d e t e r m i n e d o n c o n c e n t r a t i o n s a n d a n a l y s e s s h o u c b e c a l c u l a t e d o n a w e i g h t e d b a s i s f r o m q u a n t i t a t i v e d a t a , w h i c h h a v e b e e n c o m p u t e d f r o m f l o w s a n d a n a l y s e s . T h i s c o n d i t i o n d i c t a t e d t l e n e c e s s i t y f o r a w h o l e s e r i e s o f c o m p u t e d d a t a s u m m a r i e s i n t h e l a b o r a t o r y f o r m s .
7. T h e f o r m s f a l l i n t o f o u r c a t e g o r i e s :
a.
D a i l y L o g s — F o r p l a n t e q u i p m e n t a n d u n i t o p e r a t i o n s .b.
L a b o r a t o r y D a t a , R e c o r d a n d R e p o r t S h e e t s .c.
P l a n t R e p o r t s — D a i l y , M o n t h l y , Y e a r l y .d.
M i s c e l l a n e o u s .Da i l y Lo g s
T h e p l a n t d a i l y l o g s c o n s i s t o f t e n f o r m s f o r t h e f o l l o w i n g l o c a t i o n s o r p r o c e s s e s , ( 1 ) p u m p i n g s t a t i o n , ( 2 ) s c r e e n r o o m , ( 3 ) g r i t r o o m , ( 4 ) m a i n b u i l d i n g ( c h l o r i n a t i o n , s e w a g e f l o w m e t e r s ) , ( 5 ) r a w s l u d g e p u m p i n g s t a t i o n ( s e t t l i n g t a n k s ) , ( 6 ) s l u d g e c o n t r o l b u i l d i n g ( s l u d g e d i g e s t i o n t a n k o p e r a t i o n ) , ( 7 ) s l u d g e c o n d i t i o n i n g a n d f i l t r a t i o n , ( 8 ) s l u d g e i n c i n e r a t i o n , ( 9 ) b o i l e r r o o m o p e r a t i o n , a n d ( 1 0 ) a d a i l y s u m m a r y .
T h e s e d a i l y l o g s , a n e x a m p l e o f w h i c h i s s h o w n i n F i g . 1, c o n t a i n e n t r y s p a c e s f o r m a c h i n e u n i t o p e r a t i o n r e c o r d s , m e t e r i n t e g r a t o r r e a d i n g s b y s h i f t s , a n d m e a s u r e d q u a n t i t i e s o r h o u r l y r e a d i n g s f r o m i n d i c a t o r s o r m e t e r s . A l s o p r o v i d e d o n e a c h l o g i s a p l a c e f o r r e m a r k s o n w h i c h o p e r a t o r s c a n e n t e r u n u s u a l o p e r a t i n g c o n d i t i o n s . D a i l y l o g s k e e p t h e o p e r a t o r i n f o r m e d a s t o w h a t i s h a p p e n i n g o r h a s h a p p e n e d a t h i s p o s t , a s w e l l a s s e r v e a s a r e c o r d o f o p e r a t i o n . D a i l y l o g s a n d m e t e r r e c o r d e r c h a r t s a r e d e l i v e r e d t o t h e s t a t i s t i c i a n e a c h m o r n i n g . F r o m t h e s e t h e s u m m a r y d a i l y l o g i s p r e p a r e d s h o w i n g t h e h o u r s o f o p e r a t i o n o f p u m p a n d o t h e r e q u i p m e n t , m e t e r e d q u a n t i t i e s a n d o t h e r p e r t i n e n t d a t a .
La b o r a t o r y F o r m s
T h e l a b o r a t o r y f o r m s a r e d i v i d e d i n t o f o u r c l a s s e s : ( 1 ) “ S t a t i s t i c a l R e c o r d s , ’ ’ w h i c h c o m p r i s e t h e r e c o r d o f l a b o r a t o r y o p e r a t i o n s , s a m p l e s c o l l e c t e d , a n a l y s e s a n d t e s t s p e r f o r m e d ; ( 2 ) “ B e n c h S h e e t s , ” u p o n w h i c h o r i g i n a l e n t r i e s o f a n a l y t i c a l b a s e d a t a a r e e n t e r e d a s t h e a n a l y s i s i s p e r f o r m e d ; ( 3 ) “ R e p o r t S h e e t s , ” u p o n w h i c h b o t h o r i g i n a l a n a l y t i c a l d a t a a n d c o m p u t e d q u a n t i t i e s m a y b e e n t e r e d a s m o n t h l y s u m m a r i e s ; t h i s g r o u p , l i k e w i s e , i n c l u d e s f o r m s u s e d t o r e p o r t i n d i v i d u a l a n a l y s e s p a r t i c u l a r l y t h o s e o f l i m e , f e r r i c c h l o r i d e a n d f u e l o i l ; ( 4 ) m i s c e l l a n e o u s f o r m s t o r e p o r t m i s c e l l a n e o u s a n a l y s e s a n d t h o s e t h a t s e r v e a s w o r k s h e e t s f o r d a t a t a b u l a t i o n .
