Sewage Works Journal, Vol. 19, No. 1

S E W A G E W O R K S JO U R N A L

v o l .

x i x J A N U A R Y , 1 9 4 7

Special Features

B ritish P ractice— H u rley

Slud ge D igestion— Schlenz and B usw ell

Phosphates in Sew a g e— Rudolfs

A lcoh ol from S W L — Joseph

O F F I C I A L P U B L I C A T I O N O F T H E

F E D E R A T I O N O F S E W A G E W O R K S A S S O C I A T I O N S

c _ A n n o u n c i n g

T ^{h e} T w e n t ie t h A ^{n n u a l} M ^{e e t in g}

OF THE

F e d e r a t io n o f

S ^{e w a g e} W ^{o r k s} A s s o c ia t io n s

IN CONJUNCTION WITH

C a l i f o r n i a

S e w a g e W o r k s A s s o c i a t i o n

C i v i c A u d it o r iu m

S a n F r a n c i s c o , C a l i f o r n i a

J u ly 22-24, 1947

F e d e r a t i o n o f S ^{e w a g e} W ^{o r k s} A s s o c i a t i o n s

SCREENINGS HAND LING A N D DISPOSAL

handling screenings.

Com m inutors are easily- adapted to existing plants.

Over 1,200 installed. Ask for Bulletin 185.

Com m inutor in sta lle d in a b a sin form in g p art o f the raw s e w a g e ch an n el. S e w a g e s o lid s a re sh e a re d b y cu tters on the re v o lv in g dru m . T h e sm a ll p a rtic le s p a s s th rough the drum slo ts w ith the s e w a g e liq u o r, out the o p e n bottom an d b a c k into the d o w n strea m ch an n el d isc h a r g in g into the prim ary tank, w h e re th ey settle an d a re p u m p ed to the d ig ester.

TOUGH SEW AGE PROBLEM

% SIIUOTEU tr

° ctiwm *

P R O V E D BY TEN YEARS S E R V I C E

Com m inutors e l i mi n a t e screenings handling and dis­

posal, the worst nuisance in sewage treatment, by auto­

matically screening and cut­

ting sewage solids under wa­

ter. No raking of screens and hauling, burial, incineration, or feeding screenings to a grinding mechanism. Elimi­

nate health menace from

CHICAGO PUMP COMPANY

S E W A G E E Q U I P M E N T D I V I S I O N

2 3 1 4 W O Lf R A M STREET C H I C A G O 1 8 , I L L I N O I S

F lu s h - K le e n . S c r u - P e l l e r , P l u n g e r . H o riz o n ta l a n d V e r tic a l N o n -C lo g s . W a te r S e a l P u m p in g U n its . S a m p le r s .

S w in g D if f u s e r s , S ta tio n a r y D iffu s e rs . M e c h a n ic a l A e r a to r s , C o m b in a tio n A e r a t o r - C I a r i i i e r s , C o m m i n u t o r » .

FEDERATIO N OF SEWAGE WORKS ASSOCIATIONS

O FFICERS

President

F r a n c i s S. F r i e l , Albright and Friel, 1520 Locust St., Philadelphia, Pa

Vice-President

G e o r g e S. R u s s e l l , Russell and Axon, 6635 Delmar Blvd., University City, Mo.

Treasurer

W. W. D e B e r a r d , City Engineer, 4 0 2 City H a l l , Chicago, 111.

Executive Secretary—Editor

W . H. W i s e l y , 3 2 5 Illinois Building, Champaign, 111.

Advisory Editor

F. W. M o h l m a n , Director of Laboratories, The Sanitary District of Chicago, 910 S. Michigan Ave., Chicago, 111.

Directors

Oklahoma:

* ‘

Pacific Northwest:

Pennsylvania:

Rocky Mountain:

Texas:

Argentina:

Canada:

Inst. San. Eng. (.Eng.):

Inst. Sew. Pur. (Eng.):

Large:

At Large:

At Large:

W. and S. Wks. MJgrs.:

W. and S. Wks. Mjgrs.:

W. and S. Wks. Mfgrs.:

Ex-Officio:

Ex-Officio:

Ex-Officio.

Ex-Officio:

Ex-Officio:

* Successor not yet designated.

Arizona:

California:

Central States:

Dakota:

Federal:

Florida:

Georgia:

Iowa:

Kansas:

Kentucky-Tennessee:

Maryland-Delaware:

Michigan:

Missouri:

Montana:

New England:

New Jersey:

New York:

North Carolina:

Ohio:

SE W A G E W O R K S JO U R N A L

R E G . U. S . P A T . O F F .

A Bimonthly Journal devoted to the advancement of fundamental and practical knowledge concerning the nature, collection, treatment and disposal of sewage and industrial wastes, and the design, construction, operation and manager ment of sewage works.

Publication Office: Prince and Lemon Sts., Lancaster, Pa.

Subscription Price:

Members of Local Sewage Works Associations affiliated with the Federation, $3.00 per year.

Non-members: U. S. and Canada, $5.00 per year; other countries, $6.00.

Foreign Subscriptions must be accompanied by International Money Order.

Single copies: United States, $1.00 each; Foreign, $1.25 each

M a n u s c r ip t a n d a d v e r t is in g : c o p y m a y b e s e n t t o t h e E d i t o r , W . H . W is e l y , 3 2 5 -2 6 I l l i n o i s B ld g ., C h a m p a ig n , 111., f o r a c c e p t a n c e o r r e j e c t i o n s u b j e c t t o t h e p r o v i s i o n s o f t h e F e d e r a t io n C o n s t it u t io n .

S u b s c r i p t i o n s a n d a d d r e s s c h a n g e s s h o u l d b e s e n t t o W . H . W i s e l y , E x e c u t i v e S e c r e t a r y , 3 2 5 -2 6 I l l i n o i s B l d g . , C h a m p a ig n , 111.

No claims will be allowed for copies of Journals lost in the mails unless such claims are received within sixty (^{6 0}) daj^ J t h e d a tr o f iiu e and no°Pclaims will be allowed for issues lost as a .result o msuffic.ent notice of change of address. “ Missing from files” cannot be accepted as the reason for honoring a claim.

Entered as second-class matter May 7, 1934, at the post office at 1 ?⁴'

Accepted for mailing at the speclai rate of postage provided for in the Act of February 28, w z i, emDouieo in part 4.

Section 538, P. L . & R., authorized October 4, 1945.

SEW AGE WORKS JO URN AL 3

DORR

Multdigesfion System gives you

advantages

A dvantages attending the use o f this time-proved system of two-stage sludge digestion number a dozen or more— have led to several hundred installations, serving m any millions of people both here and abroad.

Here, however, are the "B ig Three” advantages—the m ajor determinants in the continued wide-spread selection of a sy s­

tem th at we have maintained in a state of continuous evo­

lution and betterm ent ever since its inception m any years ago.

•

M axim um sludge-digesting capacity p e t cu. ft. o f a total tank volum e.

• REDUCTION

Average reductions o f 4 0 to SO p ercen t o f total solids;

5 5 to ^{6 5} p ercen t o f volatiles.

• GA S PRODUCTION

Average gas produ ction o f 1 5 to 2 0 cu. ft. p er p o u n d of volatile destroyed — l/s or m ore greater than in non- s fir red prim a ry digestion tanks.

Write for complete information, including perform ance d ata under various conditions and with all types o f sewage sludge.

Aerial view o f three 9 0 ff. Dorr Multdigesfion Systems of G a ry , Ind. Rxed-cover primary tanks installed below ground level, alongside protruding, movable covers of secondar­

ies, which a ppear as discs. Consulting Engineers Alvord, Burdick & How son, Chicago.

THE DORR COM PANY, ENGINEERS

5 7 0 LEXIN G TO N A V E ., NEW Y O R K 2 2 , N . Y . ATLAN TA • TO RO N TO • CH ICA G O

DENVER • LOS A N G ELES RESEA R CH A N D T E S T IN G L A B O R A T O R IE S

W ESTPORT. C O N N . S U G A R P R O C E S S IN G PETREE & DORR DIVISIO N , NEW YORK 2 2 , N . Y.

A S S O C IA T E S A N D R E P R ES EN TA TIV E S Dorr Technical Services and Equipment A re Also A vailable Through Associated Companies and Rep­

resentatives in the Principal Cities of the W orld.

Names and Addresses on Request.

MEMBER ASSOCIATIONS

OF T H E

FEDERATION OF SEWAGE WORKS ASSOCIATIONS

4 SEW AGE W ORKS JO U R N A L

Argentina Society of Engineers, Sanitary Engineering Div.

Ju l i o Ca v i c c h i a,

Secretary

Div. de Ingeniería Sanitaria Centro Argentino de Engenieros Buenos Aires, República Argentina, S. A.

Arizona Sewage and Water Works Assn.

Ge o r g e W. Ma r x,

Sec.-Treas.

c/o Sanitary Engineering Div.

Arizona State Dept, of Health Capitol Building

Phoenix, Ariz.

Arkansas Water and Sewage Conf.

Dr. Ha r r i s o n Ha l e,

Sec.-Treas.

118 Chemistry Bldg.

Fayetteville, Ark.

California Sewage Works Assn.

A. G. Pi c k e t t,

Sec.-Treas.

700 Union League Bldg.

Los Angeles, Calif.

Canadian Institute on Sewage and Sani­

tation

Dr. A. E. Be r r y,

Sec.-Treas.

Ontario Dept, of Health Sanitary Engineering Div.

Toronto 8, Ontario, Canada.

Central States Sewage Works Assn.

Jo h n C. Ma c k i n,

Sec.-Treas.

P. O. Box 1228 Madison 1, Wis.

Dakota Water and Sewage Works Conf.

N orth Dakota Section

Je r o m e H. ^{Sv o r e,}

Sec.-Treas.

c/o State Dept, of Health Bismarck, N. Dak.

Sou th Dakota Section W. W. ^{To w n e,}

Sec.-Treas.

c/o Div. of Sanitary Engineering State Board of Health

Pierre, S. Dak.

Federal Sewage Research Assn.

Ca r l E. Sc h w o b,

Sec.-Treas.

c/o

19th and Constitution Ave., N.W.

Washington 25, D. C.

Florida Sewage Works Assn.

J. R. Ho y,

Sec.-Treas.

404 Hildebrandt Bldg.

Jacksonville, Fla.

Georgia Water and Sewage Assn.

V. P. ^{En l o e,}

Sec.-Treas.

R .F.D . # 5 , Box 363 Atlanta, Ga.

Iowa Sewage Works Assn.

Ro b e r t D. ^{Mo t t,}

Sec.-Treas.

30 Valley Ave.

Iowa City, Iowa

Institution of Sanitary Engineers

Ed w a r d H. We b b,

Secretary

118 Victoria St.

Westminster, S.W. 1 London, England

Institute of Sewage Purification

J. H. ^{Ga r n e r,}

Federation Contact Member

28 Aberford Road Wakefield, Yorks, England

Kansas Sewage Works Assn.

Pa u l D. Ha n e y,

Sec.-Treas.

c/o State Board of Health Room 2, Marvin Hall University of Kansas Lawrence, Kan.

Kentucky-Tennessee Industrial Wastes and Sewage Works Assn.

R. ^{Pa u l F}a r r e l l,

Sec.-Treas.

420 Sixth Ave., N.

Nashville, Tenn.

Maryland-Delaware Water and Sewage Assn.

M iss E. Vi r g i n i a Gi p e,

Sec.-Treas.

c/o State Dept, of Health 2411 N. Charles St.

Baltimore, Md.

Michigan Sewage Works Assn.

R. J. ^{Sm i t h,}

Sec.-Treas.

545 Elizabeth St.

East Lansing, Michigan

Missouri Water and Sewage Conf.

Wa r r e n Kr a m e r,

Sec.-Treas.

c/o State Office Bldg.

Jefferson City, Mo.

Montana Sewage Works Assn.

H. B. ^{Fo o t e,}

Sec.-Treas.

Div. of Sanitary Engineering State Board of Health Helena, Montana

New England Sewage Works Assn.

Wa l t e r E. Me r r i l l,

Sec.-Treas.

c/o State Dept, of Health 511-A State House Boston, Mass.

New Jersey Sewage Works Assn.

Mi c h a e l S. ^Ka c h o r s k y,

Sec.-Treas.

P. O. Box 283 Manville, N. J.

New York State Sewage Works Assn.

A. F. Da p p e r t,

Sec.-Treas.

c/o State Dept, of Health Albany, N. Y.

North Carolina Sewage Works Assn.

G. S. ^{Mo o r e,}

Sec.-Treas.

P. O. Box 125 Albermarie, N. C.

Ohio Conference on Sewage Treatment

G. A. ^{Ha l l,}

Sec.-Treas.

302 Dept, of State Bldg.

Columbus, Ohio

Oklahoma Water and Sewage Conf.

H. J. ^{Da r c e y.}

Sec.-Treas.

State Dept, of Health Oklahoma City, Okla.

Pacific Northwest Sewage Works Assn.

W. P. ^{Hu g h e s,}

Sec.-Treas.

City Engineer’s Office Lewiston, Idaho

Pennsylvania Sewage Works Assn.

B . S. Bu s h,

Sec.-Treas.

c/o Pennsylvania Dept, of Health Kirby Health Center

Wilkes-Barre, Pa.

Rocky-Mountain Sewage Works Assn.

Ca r r o l l H. Co b e r l y,

Sec.-Treas.

1441 Welton St.

Room 329 Denver 2, Colo.

Texas Sewage Works Section

V. M. ^{Eh l e r s,}

Sec.-Treas.

410 E. Fifth St.

Austin 2, Tex.

SEW AGE W ORKS JO URN AL ⁵

M E C H A N I C A L L Y C L E A N E D S C R E E N S —with intermittent automatic control.

Bulletin 258.

G R IT C H A N N E L S —exclusive Camp chamber design and Regulator permit easy and instant variations in velocity.

Bulletin 249.

G R IT S E T T L E R S —with conveyor and exclusive Hydrowash unit which removes grease and organic matter from grit.

Bul­

letin 249.

G R IT ELEV A TO R— vertical elevation of drained grit by exclusive design.

Bul­

letin 249.

G R E A S E F L O T A T IO N U N IT —re­

moves grease and oils, oxidizes odors, and aerates by exclusive pre-treatment meth­

od.

Bulletin 260.

SL U D G E C O L L E C T O R S—for rectan­

gular and circular tanks . . . can be fur­

nished with helicoid cross conveyors.

Bulletin 253.

A E R A T O R S — mechanical air diffusion type provides thorough and adjustable oxygenation and circulation of liquor.

Bulletin 254.

R O T A R Y D IS T R IB U T O R S — reaction and positive drive types with exclusive trouble-free oil seal.

Bulletin 257.

R A P ID M IX T U R B IN E — provides vio­

lent turbulence for chemical mixing . . . supplied with simultaneous air diffusion device.

Bulletin 255.

DOW NFLO F LO C C U L A T IO N U N IT — for slow mixing and flocculation of chemi­

cals in sewage treatment processes.

Bul­

letin

55.

BIO -A C TIV A T IO N P LA N T —exclusive system combines best qualities of trick­

ling filter and activated sludge.

Bulletin 259.

Send for instructive bulletins listed above

A ^merican W ^ell W ^orks

in o u t 7iTM »1»! .... Pum ping, S ew ag e Treatm ent, an d

110 N o r t h B r o a d w a y IamI ^anI ? W a t e r P u r if i c a t i o n E q u ip m e n t A U R O R A , I L L I N O I S RESEARCH-ENGINEERIN G-MANUFACTURING Offices: Chicago • New York • Cleveland • Cincinnati • Konsos Gly • Sale« Representative! throughout the World

C OM PLETE LINE . . .

Inclu din g many Exclusive Developments

Many years o f close collaboration in the engineering o f municipal and industrial waste treatment plants have en­

abled us to develop a complete line o f installation- tested equipment. Our staff of Sanitary Engineers is exceptionally well qualified to cooperate with consulting and operating engineers in suggesting the process of treatment and type o f equipment best suited to individual needs. Additional modern plant facilities have increased our production capacity many times. Inquiries on new installations or improvements in existing plants will re­

ceive prompt attention.

SEWAGE AND SLUDGE PUMPS A m erican sew age an d slu d g e pum ps are unusually stron g and rugged in construction. G ener­

ous shaft diam eter, sturdy bear­

in gs, proper bearing span, finest m aterials, extra m etal, careful inspection and testing.

Send for

Bulletins.

SEW A GE W O EKS JO UK NAL

h e v e r t o o

U T T W * O R T O O L A T *

In tim e o f fire , when lost seconds seem like e te rn ity , one d e fe c tiv e h y d ra n t can m ake the resources o f a com m unity to o little —

and too la te . T hat’s w h y sure, y e a r-ro u n d M athew s p e rfo rm a n ce gives Fire and W a te r ­

works D epartm ents p e a c e -o f-m in d .

W ith M athew s on the jo b , th e y know the y w ill g e t fu ll pressure instantly, w ith no

s trugg ling to open the h y d ra n t. That's because the

revo lvin g nut w ith its th re a d is sea le d so th a t no w a te r o r d ir t from inside . . . no rain o r dust from outside can im p a ir o p e ra tio n . The shield nut

and the stuffing b o x p ro v id e this a ll- y e a r p ro te c tio n . The M athe w s H y d ra n t is a basic w e a p o n fo r fire -fig h te rs , an d should be

included in the plans o f e v e ry com m unity.

M A T H E W S H Y D R A N T S

TH ade

P U B L I C L E D G E R B U I L D I N G . I N D E P E N D E N C E S Q U A R E , P H I L A D E L P H I A 5 . PA.

M a n u f a c t u r e r s o f “ S a n d - S p u n ” Pip e ( C en t r ifu ga lly C a s t In S a n d M o l d s) an d R . 0 . W o o d G a t e Valves

O T H E R F EA TU R E S O F M ATHEW S L E A D E R S H IP

Rem ovable b a rre l, containing a ll working p arts • R eplacem ent is e n tire ly an above-ground job • O n ly one p a rt to lu b ric a te — and that only r a re ly • H ead can be ro tated 3 6 0 ° on a sw ivel flan g e • R e p la c e a b le h ead perm its change in nozzle outlets • N o zzle le v e ls can b e raise d or lo w ered • B a rre l screws into a bronze bushing in elbo w • Free-moving protection case ta ke s thrust of fre e zin g e arth « Positive, autom atic d rain v a lv e insures d ry b a rre l • A new b a rre l m akes even the old est M athew s good a s new.

SEW AGE W ORKS JO URN AL 7

‘D iy e A tio K

( f a t S lim t t t a t e c i cv ct& a

Scum B r e a k e r

L in k -B e lt S tra ig h tlin e S cum B re a k e rs are used in e ith e r ro u n d o r re c ta n g u la r d ig estio n ta n k s to b re a k u p th e floating scum , p a d d le it do w n a n d su b m e rg e it. E sse n tia l p a rts of th e in sta lla tio n a re show n d ia g ra m m a tic a lly a t l e f t T a n k is show n in lo n g itu d in a l section.

T h e scum b re a k e r c o n sists of tw o s tra n d s of c h a in w ith p itc h e d flights b e tw e e n th em , tra v e lin g a t a slow speed.

H E R E ' S WHAT I T DO ES:

T h e S cum B re a k e r c o n v ey s scum to in flu en t e n d of ta n k , su b m e rg es it, release s e n tra in e d gases, allo w in g scum to se ttle. R e su lts:

1 M ats of scum are positively prevented, even where sew age contains w astes such as felt­

ing hair.

2

3

nating the loss of gas.

4

ing the form ing of explosive m ixtures due to carelessness.

5

6 Breakin g down of scum by hand is elim inated.

T h e L in k -B e lt S tra ig h tlin e Scum B re a k e r is ru g g e d ly b u ilt for long, tro u b le -fre e se rv ­ ice. B o th first cost a n d m a in te n a n c e a re low.

In su ccessfu l use for 16 y ears. F o r in fo rm a ­ tion, w rite

L I N K - B E L T C O M P A N Y

2 0 4 5 W . H u n t i n g P a r k A v « ., P h i l a d e l p h i a 4 0 . P a C h ic a g o 9 . I n d i a n a p o l i s 6 . A t l a n t a , D a lla s 1. M in n e a p o lis 5 , S a n F r a n c is c o 2 4 , L o s A n g e le s 3 3 . S e a t t l e 4 . T o r o n t o 8.

O ffice s in P r in c ip a l C itie s . >o jm

L i n k - B e l t S t r a i g h t l i n e

L IN K 0 B E L T

L -B S c u m B r e a k e r D r iv e U n it a n d G a s D o m e s , M id d le to w n , C o n n .

L B S c u m B r e a k e r D r iv e U n it o n T a n k , W a v e r ly . V a.

S C R EEN S -C O LLEC T O R S -M IX E R S A ER A T O R S

8

THE C H A P M A N

I NDI AN

SEW A GE WOKKS JO U B N A L

M ay Be Operated by Hand, by Hydraulic Cylinder or Electrically Through Motor-Operated Floor Stand

Many types of sluice gates that once were “ specials” are now included in the Chapman Standard Line. As a rule, you can usually find just what you want in this line; our engineers will be glad to work with you in all your problems.

Chapman Sluice Gates may be operated by hand, by hydraulic cylinder or elec­

trically. The Chapman Motor unit (at right) is completely

JL ^•

enclosed in a weatherproof housing — is delivered wired and ready to install. Hand­

f Î j l

wheel is provided- for emer­

gency operation when power fails. Write for complete de­

tails.

i f f

V A L V E M A N U FA CTU RIN G CO.

O R C H A R D . M A S S A C H U S E T T S

10

C O N C R E T E PI PE

does im p o rta n t job in A irp o rts

1 0 8 " re in fo rc e d co n c re te p ip e b e in g in s t a lle d fo r d r a in a g e s y s te m o f W r ig h t F ie l d , D a y t o n , O h io . M o re th a n ten m ile s o f c o n c re te p ip e in s iz e s ra n g in g fro m 2 4 " to 1 0 8 " d ia m e t e r w a s u se d in th is f i e ld .

'T'he importance of proper drainage to uninterrupted airport operation calls for drainage lines with the unquestioned strength and dura­

bility of concrete pipe.

To insure an adequate, economical drainage system for an airport of any size, specify concrete pipe complying with all provisions of the Standard Specifications of the American Society for Testing Materials or the American Association of State Highway Officials.

Use of concrete pipe in thousands of installations for more than half a century has demonstrated that it has these advantages :

A M PLE STREN G TH

for most se-

to vere conditions of load and impact. abrasion from suspended grit.

M A X IM U M C A R R Y IN G C A P A C - M IN IM U M IN F IL T R A T IO N A N D ITY

assured by clean joints and

assured by tight joints smooth texture of inside surface. and uniformly dense concrete.

Our members can supply high quality concrete pipe for projects any­

where in the United States. Technical information on concrete pipe will be gladly furnished free by this Association or any of its members.

(List on request.)

A M E R I C A N C O N C R E T E P I P E A S S O C I A T I O N

2 2 8 N. L A S A L L E S T R E E T , C H I C A G O 1, I L L I N O I S

SEW AGE W ORKS JO U R N A L

11

SLUDGE REMOVAL CONTROL

V ie w o f R e cta n g u la r F in a l T a n k s in A c tiv a te d S lu d g e P la n t a t

■ A # M flB i B B f l i B B f i M a rio n , I n d ia n a , eq u ip p ed w ith R E X T w in F la re d -N o zzle T o w - I n f B B M m m m m u Bro. (Consoer, T o w n se n d & Q u ila n , Cons. Engrs., Chicago, III.)

REX TOW-BRO SLUDGE REMOVER

The Rex Tow-Bro Sludge Remover is the only device that assures accurate control of sludge removal over a wide range of withdrawal rates. This feature, combined with the gentle suction action of the Tow-Bro, provides the ideal equip­

ment for handling light, flocculent solids over wide ranges of removal.

Sludge can be removed as rapidly as desired to prevent septicity within the tank, without disturbing the settling efficiency of the tank. In one revolution of the Tow-Bro, a ll the sludge may be removed from the entire tank bottom.

The Rex Tow-Bro provides—greater solids concentration, greater operating flexibility and a clearer, undisturbed effluent, all with lower installation and operating costs.

White arrows show direction of sludge removed froth tank bottom by Rex Tow-Bro gentle suction action. It w ill pay you to investigate the pos­

sibilities of the Rex Tow-Bro for your plant. Rex Sanitation Engineers will be glad to show you how you can benefit from the exceptional advantages of the Rex Tow-Bro. For complete informa­

tion, write Chain Belt Company, 1606 West Bruce St., Milwaukee 4, Wisconsin.

S A N I T A T I O N E Q U I P M E N T

Triturators • Bar Screens • T ow -Bro Sludge Rem overs • Slo-M ixers Aero-Filters • Rapid M ixers • Grit and Sludge Collectors and Grit Washers

C H A I N B E L T C O M P A N Y O F M I L W A U K E E

M e m b e r o f th e W a te r a n d S e w a g e W o rk s M a n u fa c tu r e r s A s s o c ia t io n , In c .

SEW AGE W ORKS JO U R N A L

To General Chemical Company

PRODUCT A VA IL ABL E

FORMS

C O M M E R C I A L S T R E N G T H (Min.)

S H IP P I N G

C O N T A IN E R S A P P L IC A T IO N S

A lu m in u m S u lfa te A1²( S 0⁴> 3 ' 14H 20 approx.

(Filter Alum)

Commercial

&

Iron F ree:

Lum p Ground Powdered

17.25% A1²0³

B ags B arrels Drums B u lk Carloads

Coagulant for water and sewage. Dew atering con­

ditioner for sew age sludge.

1 % Sol. pH 3.4.

A q u a A m m o n ia N H⁴OH plus W ater (

Ammonia Water)

Colorless Liquid

2 6 °B e .

(2 9 .4 % N H 3) Steel Drum s Carboys

U sed with chlorine to form chloramines for w ater dis­

infection.

A m m o n iu m A lu m in u m S u lfa te A1²( S 0 4) 3 - ( N H 4 )²S 0 4 * 24H 20

(

Ammonia Alum) (Crystal Alum)

LumpNut Granular Powdered

11.2% AI²O³ B ags

F ibre Drum s

Coagulant for w ater. Ad­

vantageous for pressure fil­

ters. Supplies amm onia for chloraminę formation.

1 % Sol. pH 3.5.

S odiu m B isu lfite , A n h y d ro u s N a 2S 20 5

(

ABS

(Sodium Metabisulfite

Powdered 97.5% N a 2S 2Os

(E q u iv .6 5 .5 % S 0 2) F ibre Drum s

Antichlor. Rem ove iron and m anganese deposits from filter sand.

1% Sol. pH 4.6.

S o d iu m S ilic a te N a 20 • X ( S i 0 2) plus H 20 (

Water Glass) (Silicate of Soda)

Viscous Liquid

3 8 ° to 5 2 °B e . V arious ratios of

N a 20 • S i 0 2

Drums T an k Cars Tan kT rucks

1. Aid in floe formation.

2. Prevent red water in distribution lines.

1% Sol. pH 12.7.

S odiu m T h io s u lfa te N a²S 203 • 5H 20

(Hypo) (Sodium Hyposulfite

Crystals:

Prism atic Rice Selected Universal Granular

9 9 .7 5 % N a 2S 20 3 • 5 H 20

B ags Earrels F ibre Drum s

Antichlor. W ater solution is neutral.

S u lfu ric A c id H 2S 0 4 plus H 20

(

Oil of Vitriol)

Corrosive, oily liquid Various strengths

6 6 °B e.

(9 3 .1 9 % H 2S 0 4 )

Bottles Carboys

Drum s T an kT rucks

T an k Cars

1. Reduce pH and alkalin­

2. Regenerate carbaceous ity.

zeolites and ion ex­

changers.

P o ta ss iu m A lu m in u m S u lf a te A12 ( S 0 4 ) 3 * K 2S 0 4 • 24H 20

(Potash Alum)

Lum p GranularNut Powdered

10.7%

a i2o3 Bags

F ibre Drums

Coagulant for water. Slow, even rate of solubility de­

sirable for solution pots.

1 % Sol. pH 3.52.

S o d iu m S ulfite, A n h y d ro u s N a 2S 0 3

(“Sulfite”)

Granular

Powdered 9 8 .5 %

N a ? S 0 3 B ags

F ibre Drum s

Antichlor, oxygen remover.

W eak s o lu tio n s a b so r b oxygen readily.

1 % Sol. pH 9.8.

SEW AGE WORKS JO U R N A L

Products for Treatment of Water, Sewage, and Industrial Wastes

P R O D U C T A V A IL A B L E FO R M S

C O M M E R C IA L S T R E N G T H (Min.)

S H IP P IN G

C O N T A IN E R S A P P L IC A T IO N S

So d iu m S u lfa te , C ry s ta l N a 2S 0 4 * lO HoO

(

Glauber’s Salt

Crystal &

Needle

Cryst. 96%

N a 2S 0 4 • lOHoO

Barrels DrumsBags

N eutral Solution. Boiler water treatment (m ainte­

nance of sulfate-carbonate ratio ).

So d iu m S u lfa te , A n h y d ro u s N a 2S 0 4

Powdered 9 9 .5 % N a 2S 0 4 Bags

Barrels

Neutral Solution. Boiler water treatm ent (m ainte­

nance of sulfate-carbonate ratio ).

T riso d iu m P h o sp h a te N a 3P 0 4 • 1 2H 20 (T S P )

Crystal

9 8 .5 - 1 0 3 % N a 3P 0 4 • 12H 20

(Equ iv. 19%

P²O⁵)

B ags Barrels Fibre Drums

Boiler water treatment.

Cleaning compound.

1% Sol. pH 11.8-12.0.

D isodiu m P h o sp h a te , C ry sta l N aoH P 04 • 12H20

Crystal

N a 2H P 0 4 • 12H 20 98%

(Equiv. 19.5%

P²O⁵)

Bags Barrels Fibre Drums

B o ile r w ater. (C a lc iu m and magnesium precipita­

tion.)

1% Sol. pH 8.4.

D isodiu m P h o sp h a te , A n h y d ro u s N a 2H P 0 4

Powdered Flake

9 6 % N a 2H P 0 4 (Equiv. 4 8 %

P²O⁵)

Bags Barrels Fibre Drums

Sam e as Crystal, but stronger product. ^

Sodium F lu o rid e N aF(

Fluoride

Powdered (white or blue colored:

Nile B lu e) Light or

dense

9 0 % and 9 5 % N a F

Bags Barrels Fibre Drums

Fluorination of water sup­

plies. (F o r inform ation, c o n su lt w ith lo c a l and state health officials.)

FOR THE LABO RATO RY: Baker & Adamson Laboratory Reagents

★ As a major source of Basic Chemicals for American Industry for almost half a century, General Chemical Company has long provided a wide range of products for use in the treatment of water, sewage, and industrial wastes. Pertinent data on such chemicals are compiled in this Chemical U s e rs’ Guide for your ready reference.

For full information, contact nearest General Chemical Sales & Technical Serv­

ice office. Remember—when you make Gen­

eral Chemical your source of supply—these key chemicals so vital to your operations are always readily available from conveni­

ently located plants and warehouses throughout the nation!

GENERAL CHEMICAL COMPANY

40 RECTOR STREET, NEW YORK 6, N. Y.

Sales and Technical Service Offices :

Wenatchee and Yakima (Wash.)

- In Wisconsin: General Chemical Wisconsin Corporation, Milwaukee, Wis.

In Canada: The Nichols Chemical Company, Limited Montreal • Toronto • Vancouver

SEW AGE W ORKS JO U R N A L

New Jam aica Plant Specifies for Rugged Service

Th i s 20-foot in c lin e d rev o lv in g disc screen with cone and disc of slotted Ever­

dur* plates, can handle 65 m illion gal­

lons of sewage in 24 hours.

Two of these screens, designed and in­

stalled by Krajewski-Pesant Mfg. Corpo­

ration, are in service at the Jamaica Sew­

age Treatment Plant of the City of New York, removing solids and flocculent ma­

terial to prepare sewage waters for sub­

sequent activation.

In selecting time-tested Everdur for this

rugged service, the manufacturers knew from long experience that these copper- silicon alloys possess exceptional resist­

ance to the extremely corrosive conditions of sewage service . . . that they machine readily and may be formed, forged and welded.

It is this unusual combination of prop­

erties that dictates the use of Everdur where operating requirements are most severe. For detailed information, w rite for Publications E -ll and E-5. *m*-A

Where Everdur Serves in NEW JAMAICA PLANT

. . .

In four grit ejectors: Everdur for gate slides and cylinders, piston rods, valve stems, bolts and nuts.

In

hydraulic sluice gates: Bolts, facing strips, and other mounting parts. Also copper-silicon alloy 4 Vl -inch diameter oper­

ating stem.

In two inclined 20-foot diameter revolv­

ing disc screens: Slotted Everdur plates for cone and disc.

• R e g . U . S . P a t . O ff.

C O P P E R - S I L I C O N A L L O Y S THE AMERICAN BRASS COMPANY

General Offices: W aterbury 88, Conn.

Subsidiary of Anaconda Copper Mining Company In Canada:

New Toronto, Ont.

SEW AGE WORKS JO U R N A L ¹⁵

PARSHALL FLUME M E T E R

REC ORD S • IN D IC A TES « T O T A L IZ E S F L O W

O ven , cutty c U ttc u tc e

Builders C h ro n o flo T ra n sm itte r-ln d ica to r is esp ecially designed fo r m eter­

ing ra w sewage in flu e n t o r sewage e fflu e n t w ith Parshall flum e, w e ir or Kennison nozzle. N o m eter house is re q u ire d : The ru g g e d m etal case fu lly protects the instrum ent a g a in st w e a th e r o r ta m p e rin g . In stallatio n as shown requires a minim um o f p ip in g ; the instrum ent is flo a t-a c tu a te d and has a la rg e , d ire c t-re a d in g in d ic a to r d ia l.

A Builders C h ro n o flo Receiver, re m o te ly lo cated in the m ain office or central b u ild in g , records, indicates a n d totalizes the sew age flo w : It operates b y a sim ple tw o -w ire circu it over a n y distance from the C h ron o­

flo Transm itter. The to ta liz e r reads d ire c tly , w ith o u t od d m ultipliers, and gra d u a tio n s are uniform th ro u g h o u t the en tire ran ge . G a llo n s pe r d a y are recorded on a la rg e 1 2 " chart.

For fu rth e r in fo rm a tio n a n d new d a ta B ulletin C 5-230.35, address Builders-Providence, Inc., (Division o f Builders Iron Foundry), 28 C o dd ing St., Providence 1, R. I.

B U I L D E R S P R O D U C T S

V e n tu ri, P ro peloflo a n d O rifice M eters • T y p e M an d Flo -W atch Instrum ents • Filte r C o n tro lle rs a n d G a u g e s • M aster C o n tro lle rs • K ennison N o z z le s

C h ro n o flo T e le m e ters • C o n v e y o r S ca le s

<--- P A R S H A L L FLUME

16 8EW A G E W ORKS JO U R N A L

Y o u d o n ’t h a v e to h a n d le a r u g g e d p r o d u c t , s u c h a s c a s t ir o n p ip e , w it h k id g lo v e s. H o w e v e r , u s e r e a s o n a b le care in u n lo a d in g , d is t r ib u t in g a n d lo w e r in g i t i n t o t h e t r e n c h , a n d y o u g iv e c a s t ir o n p ip e a g o o d s t a r t o n t h e c e n t u r y or m o r e o f u s e f u l lif e c a s t i n t o i t a t t h e f o u n d r y . A le v e l tr e n c h ^ b o tto m , w it h o u t h u m p s or h o llo w s , a n d a ta m p e d b a c k fill (in a ll b u t s a n d y s o ils ) a re a ls o i m p o r t a n t . U n d e r n o r m a l c o n d it io n s , c a s t ir o n p ip e , so la id , n e e d n e v e r se e d a y lig h t a g a in fo r c e n t u r ie s . B u t i f p o p u la t io n s h if t s r e ­ q u ir e r e - r o u t in g , or r e p la c in g w it h la r g e r p ip e , y o u c a n ta k e u p t h e o r ig in a l lin e , s e ll i t or r e - u s e i t e ls e w h e r e . C a st Ir o n P ip e R e se a r c h A s s o c ia t io n , T . F . W o lfe , E n g i­

n e e r , 122 S . M ic h ig a n A v e ., C h ic a g o 3.

[ O A S T I R O N P I P E

F O R C E N T U R I E S

w a g e W o r k s J o u r n a l

P ublished by

Federation of Sewage Works Associations

L an c aster, Pa.

Copyright, 1947, by the Federation of Sewage Works Associations, Inc. Re­

prints from this publication m ay be made only if permission of the Editor is secured and on condition that the full title of the article, name o f the author and complete reference are given. The Federation assum es no responsibility for opinions or statem ents of facts expressed in papers or discussions published

in this

Journal.

Vol. X IX Ja n u a ry , 1947 No. 1

S e w a g e W o r k s :

B r itish D evelop m en ts in S ew a g e P u r ifica tio n P r a c tic e . By Jo h n Hu r le y. D isc u s­

sion b y P . W . Mo h l m a n ... 3 Im p o rta n t C onsiderations in S lu d g e D ig e s tio n : P a r t I. P r a c tic a l A sp e cts. By

Harry E . Schlenz ... 19 Im p o rta n t C on sid eration s in S lu d g e D ig e s tio n : P a r t I I . M icrob iology and T heory o f

A n aerob ic D ig e stio n . By A . M. Bu s w e l l. D isc u ssio n b y M. W . Ta t l o c k 28 The D ig e stio n o f S ew a g e S lu d g e C o n ta in in g V a rio u s C on cen tration s o f S olid s. By

C. E . Ke e p e r... 39 P h o sp h a tes in S ew a g e and S lu d g e T reatm en t. I. Q u a n tities o f P h o sp h a tes. By

Willem Budolfs ... 43 O p erating and E x p er im en ta l O b servation s on D ig e stio n o f G arbage W ith S ew age

Solid s. By David P . Ba c k m eyer ... 48

I n d u s tr ia l W a s t e s :

In d u str ia l A lcoh ol P ro d u c tio n from S u lfite W a ste L iquor b y the O ntario P a p e r Co., L td . By H . G. Jo se p h ... 60 E ffe c t o f A lco h o lic F e rm e n ta tio n and G row ing o f F o d d er Y e a st on B .O .D . o f Sulfite

W a ste Liquor. By B . G. Tyler ... 70

T h e O p e r a to r ’s C o rn er:

T h e F e r tiliz e r M anual ... 75 The A BC o f D D T . By Lesl ie E . We s t...: ... 76 B a p id M ethod fo r A p p ro x im a te L o c a tio n o f Scum and S lu d g e L a y e rs in D ig ester s.

By Jo se p h Do m a n ... 81 A n E ffe c tiv e Tem porary Sew er P lu g . By Bichard F . Cl a p p... 85 B ark F rom the D a ily L o g . B y W . A . S p e r r y ... 86 In te r e s tin g E x tr a c ts F rom O p eration B e p o r ts. C onducted b y LeBoy W . Va n Klee c k.

A nnual B e p o r ts o f S ew a g e D isp o sa l and G arbage B e d u ctio n o f th e C ity o f In d ia n a p o lis fo r th e Y ea rs 1942, 1943 and 1944. By Don E . Bloodgood

a n d W . H . Fr a z i e r... 90

B ep o rt o f S ew a g e P u r ifica tio n fo r th e Y ea r E n d in g M arch 31, 1945, fo r th e D en to n U rb an D istr ic t C ouncil, D en to n , E n g la n d . By Donald H . Bar- r a c l o u g h ... 94 A n n u al B ep o rt o f the B u ffa lo , N e w Y ork Sew er A u th o r ity fo r the Y ear 1944-45.

B y J o h n W . J o h n s o n , G e o r g e F . F y n n a n d C e c il F . S e i t z ... 95 B ep o rt o f B e lle v ille , I llin o is S ew a g e T rea tm en t W orks fo r th e P erio d M ay, 1941,

to A p ril, 1945. B y O. G. E u h m a n n ... 97 T ip s and Q u i p s ... 99

1

a *

2

Editorials:

1947 Construction Prospects ... 102

Federal Pollution Control Legislation Activity ... 403

Proceedings of Member Associations: California Sewage Works Association ... 104

Missouri W ater and Sewerage C onference...

1 AK

Pennsylvania Sewage Works Association ... 406

Member Association Meetings ... 108

Federation Affairs: Minutes of Meeting of 1946 Board of C o n tro l... 109

Minutes of Meeting of 1946 Election Committee ... 445

Minutes of Meeting of 1947 Board of C o n tro l... 416

Report of Executive Secretary-Editor ... 421

W. J. Orchard Elected Honorary Member ... 426

1946 Federation Awards ... 427

Oklahoma and Canada Win Membership A w a rd s ... 128

Special Trains Arranged for San Francisco Meeting ... 128

Reviews and Abstracts: Growth and Distribution of Film in Percolating Filters Treating Sewage by Single and Alternating Double Filtration. Bv T. G. T o m lin s o n ... 130

The Rochdale Kessener Brush Aeration Plant. By D. H. A. P r i c e a n d I. W i t h n e l l . 131 Disposal Plant to Alleviate Boston Harbor Nuisance. II. Problem of Solids Disposal Solved. B y K a r l B. K e n n i s o n ... 131

Refinery Waste Disposal Problems Handled in Special Laboratory. By Wi l l i a m F. Bl a n d... 132

Refinery Waste Disposal. V II. Chemicals Present in Escaping Wastes Can Damage Waters for Many Uses. By W. B. H a r t... 133

Refinery Waste Disposal. V III. Refinery Wastes Can Stop Oxygen Supply, Causing Water Pollution and Killing Life. By W. B. H a r t ..... 134

Refinery Waste Disposal. IX . Oil Savings. P lant Economies are Dividends From Organized Anti-Pollution Program. By W. B. H a r t... 135

The Treatment of Waste Waters From the Steel Industry. By C h r i s t i a n L. Si e b e r t. 137 Polluted Streams Cleared up by Aeration. B y R ic h a r d G. T y l e r... 137

Fuel and Fertilizer From Sewage—Aim of German Treatment Plants. B y A n t h o n y J . F i s c h e r ... 138

Current Developments in Waste Utilization. B y H a r o l d R . M u r d o c k ... 139

The Chemical Engineers’ Approach to Industrial Waste Problems. B y J o h n E. Ta r m a n ... 139

Water Quality and Pollution Control in Western Pennsylvania. % B y C. H. Y o u n g . . . . 140

Stream Pollution in Southwestern Pennsylvania. B y L. S. M o r g a n ... 141

References to Sewage Literature ... 143

Book Review: Handbook of Chemistry. By N. A. La n g e... ... 146

Sewage Works

BRITISH DEVELOPM ENTS IN SEWAGE PURI­

FICATION PRACTICE *

By Jo h n Hu r ley

General Manager, Sewage Purification Dept., Wolverhampton, England;

President, Institute of Sewage Purification

On commencing this paper, my feel­

ings are a fifty-fifty blend of gratifica­

tion and regret. Gratification for the privilege of being permitted to sub­

mit a paper to your convention; re­

gret that I cannot come with it.

It is obvious that, short of writing a book, I cannot deal fully with all that has happened in sewage disposal during the last ten years or so. I shall have to be content with noting some of the outstanding developments, and indicating some general trends in sewage works practice. It has been indicated to me that you would be particularly interested in developments in trickling filters ; also in the question of industrial wastes, and how our 1937 Drainage of Trade Premises Act is being applied. I intend to be guided by this advice.

Present Conditions in Britain I do not propose to say much on this subject, but it is worth a few words because existing conditions al­

ways have some influence on the direc­

tion and application of research.

You hardly need reminding of the difficulties under which sewage treat­

ment plants have been operated in recent years—you have had some of it yourselves. Shortages of labor and materials, night-time operation under

* Presented at 19th Annual Meeting, Fed­

eration of Sewage Works Assns., Toronto, Can., October 7-9, 1946.

blackout conditions, shifts of industry and population, damage from bombs and other aerial ill-will tokens—these have all contributed towards making things difficult. But in spite of all this, sewage purification is much more effective in Britain than might have been expected. Of course, taking the country as a whole, constructional work in sewage works has been practi­

cally at a standstill since 1939. This, coupled with seven years of the make- do-and-mend type of maintenance, has inevitably had some effect. Taking things all round, however, the position as to sewage purification and rivers pollution is not as bad as might have been anticipated. Profiting from ex­

periences of the 1914—18 war, after which many streams and sewage works were in a deplorable condition, most of us took care to start this war with the plant in good condition and some spares in stock. That was the one good point about the more recent war

—you could see it comihg, and take a few precautionary measures.

The effect of these arrears of re­

pairs and new construction, and of restrictions on materials and labor, is obvious; many sewage works operators are most interested in developments which can be applied quickly for boost­

ing the capacity of existing plants, rather than in those which mean tear­

ing up the old plant by the roots and

starting all over again.