Industrial and Engineering Chemistry : industrial edition, Vol. 35, No. 8

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(1)C h e m i c a l e x a c t n e s s h e lp s b u ild a n e w in d u s t r y. S Y N T H E T IC This year, the nation plans to produce 1,100,000 tons o f synthetic rubber for the war effort. This vast new industry — created out of the exigen cies o f w artim es — is a result o f the alertness o f Am erican science and research w orkers. In the near future, chem ists expect to produce synthetic rubber for many uses w ith qualities j a r superior to nature’s product. T ires, for instance, w ill give 1 0 0 ,0 0 0 m iles or m ore o f trouble-free s e r v i c e . ß vV IC TO R Y. Baker is playing its im portant part in con-. R U B B E R. o f s y n t h e t i c r u b b e r p r o d u c t io n . H ere, chem ical exactness is demanded. T his is only one o f many instances w here m easured pu rity, as exem plified by Baker Chem icals, has increased efficiency in today’s forward march o f industry.. Baker’s Chem icals fpurity by the ton^ have been supplied to many manu facturing concerns for the manufac ture or processin g o f many products. If you have special chem ical require m ents for w ar-production products, w e invite you to discuss your needs in confidence w ith Baker.. J. T. Baker Chemical C o ., E xecu tive O ffices and Plant: Phillipsburg, N . J. Branch O ffic e s: New York, Philadelphia and Chicago.

(2) WHAT PFAUDLER Precision-Built STAINLESS STEEL EQUIPMENT COULD MEAN TO YOU. When. you. bu y. Stainless. S teel. -’rocessin g Equipm ent, "Precision-. p olish in g to the ex a ct dem ands of sp ecific applications.. Built” is a lot m ore than a phrase.. If units in Pfaudler's standard. 'Precision-Built" is your assuran ce. lin es do not m eet your exact re. hat the equipm ent w ill stand up. quirem ents, Pfaudler e n g in e er s are. n service.. ready to d esig n sp ec ia l units that. of " P r e c is io n -B u ilt by. w ill m eet them . From sm all item s. G audier” stands a lo n g e x p e r ie n c e. for laboratory and pilot plant use. n the d e sig n and fabrication of. up to the largest jobs like the. processing equipm ent. Back of it. 5 5 -fo o t to w e r s. ire Pfaudler's co m p lete facilities. every p ie c e of Pfaudler stainless. or. steel— for. ste e l equ ipm en t is precision-built. v eld in g with th e m ost exp ert skill. for lo n g life, econom y, and com . m d p recision — for heat treating. p letely d ep en d a b le service.. B ack. form ing. stainless. p ic t u r e d. here,. ind q u en c h in g to m aintain the. For full inform ation regard in g. sxact ch em ica l and tensile char-. any type of stainless steel installa. icteristics d em a n d ed for a g iv en. tion you h a v e in m ind, write The. perform ance — for finishing and. Pfaudler C o., R ochester, N. Y..

(3) IlvüäBtBii. D U S T R 1A L. ■B ite. a n d. E N G I N E E R I N G. E D IT O R : W A L T E R J . M U R P H Y Associate Editor: F. J . V. an. ANTWERPEN. C H E M I S T R Y. ISSU ED A U G U S T 3, 1943. •. • in d u s tr ia l. V O L . 35, NO, 8. o. editio. C O N S E C U T IV E NO. 15. E D I T O R I A L S ............................................................................................................................................................... 827. Contributing Editor: D. H . KlLLEFFER. Chemical Side of C h em o th erap y................................................................................... E. H . Northey 829. Assistant to Editor: N . A . Pa r k in s o n. Design for Hydrocarbon Absorption and Stripping. M anuscript Editor: HELEN K. NEWTON. Countercurrent Multitubular Heat E x c h a n g e r s ....................................................M . G . Larian. 840. M ake-up Editor: BERTHA REyNOLDS. Power Consumption of Propeller-Type Agitators. C . E. Stoops and C . L. Lovell. 845. M anuscript Assistant: STELLA ANDERSON. Heats of Vaporization from Reference Substance Plot. .. 851. W . C . Edmister 837. .. .. .. .. Pure Hydrocarbons from Petroleum .Jo h n G risw o ld , C . F. V an. D. H . Gordon. Berg, and J . E. Kasch 854. Ion Exchange R e s i n s ............................................................................. Frederick. Advisory Board W . L . Ba d g er. H . R. M u r d o c k. H . E. B a r n a r d. A . S . Ric h a r d s o n. C . A . Br o w n e. W . A . S c h m id t. W . H. Dow. R. N . S h r e v e. G a s t o n D u B o is. L . V . S tec k. C . F. K e t t e r in g. C . M . A . S t in e. W . S . L a n d is. E. C . S u l l i v a n. C . S. M. L. W . W. in er. E . R.. aters. W E ID L E IN. The A m erican Chem ical S o cie ty assumes no re sp o n sib ility fo r the statements and opinions ad vanced by contributors to its publications. C o p yrig h t 1 9 4 3 by A m erican Chem ical So ciety 3 0 ,1 0 0 cop ies o f this issue printed. J . Myers. 858. Brittle Points of Natural and Synthetic Rubber S t o c k s ................................................................ Ross E. M orris, Robert R. James, and Theodore A . Werkenthin. 864. Nutritive V alu e of Cotton, Peanut, and Soy S e e d s ......................................................................... Theodore F. Zucker and Lois Zucker. 868. Crystalline Compounds Observed in Water T re a tm e n t................................................................. Carroll E. Imhoff and Lohr A . Burkardt. 873. Deterioration of Lubricating O ils .. Joseph J . Jacobs and Donald F. Othmer. 883. Nitrated W o o d ............................................................... Sydney Coppick and Edwin C . Jahn. 890. Nomograph for P-V-T Relations of Gases below the Critical P o i n t ................................. George W . Thomson. 895. .. .. Behavior of Plasticizers in V in y l Chloride-Acetate Resins. .. .. .. .. M . C . Reed 896. Soybean-Modified Phenolic P la s tic s ......................................................................................................... L. L. McKinney, Rudolph Deanin, G len Babcock, and A . K. Smith. 905. M ineral Insulating O i l s ....................................................... A . G . Assaf and J . C . Balsbaugh. 909. Application of the Phase Rule to Soap Boiling. James W . McBain and W ill W in Lee. 917. Lipoid O xidase in Soybean M eal............................................... J . Sumner and D. K. Tressler. 921. Phase Equilibria in Hydrocarbon Systems. Volum etric Behavior of Methane . . R. H . O ld s, H . H . Reamer, B. H . Sage, and W . N . Lacey. 922. Alchem ical P r i n t .......................................................................................................................................................904 A s W e See it (A d v t. Sect.) 5 Spying (A d v t. Sect.) 8. Published b y the A m erican Chem ical So cie ty at Easton, Penna. Ed ito rial O ffic e : 1 1 5 5 16th Street, N . W ., W ashington 6 , D. C . , telep hon e, Rep ub lic 5 3 0 1 ; cab le , Jfechem (W ashin g ton). Business O ffic e : Am erican Chem ical So ciety, 1 1 5 5 16th Stree t, N . W ., W ashington 6 , D. C . A d ve rtisin g O ffic e : 3 3 2 W est 42nd Street, N e w yorlc 1 8 , N . y . ; telep hon e, Bryant 9 - 4 4 3 0 . Entered as second-class matter at the Post O ffic e at Easton, P enna., under the A c t o f M arch 3 ,1 8 7 9 , as 2 4 times a ye ar — Industrial Ed itio n monthly on the 1st, A n a lytica l Ed itio n monthly on the 15 th . A ccep ta n ce fo r mailing at special rate o f postage p ro vid ed fo r in Section 1 1 0 3 , A c t o f O c to b e r 3 , 1 9 1 7 , authorized J u ly 1 3 , 1 9 1 8 . 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(4) INDUSTRIAL. AND E N G I N E E R I N G. CHEMISTRY. Vol. 35, No. 8. Q U IC K D E L IV E R Y. for your TT'ORMULAE of m any different typ es are im -. proved — finished products are m ore satis fa c to r y — co sts are freq u en tly red u ced — w hen Celite M ineral Fillers are used. T hese inert fillers are available in a variety of grades to m eet alm ost every regular and wartim e need. T he unique characteristics of these inert Celite Fillers include ligh t w eight, large surface area, high absorption, low refractive index, and supe rior suspension. P aint, paper, asphalt products . . . cleansers, catalyst carriers . . . battery boxes, bitum inous compounds, and m any other products are being made better or a t lower cost because of Celite M ineral Fillers. T h e coupon a t th e right will bring you information on th e right typ e of C elite Filler for your particular problem.. .. 1/5 ! JO H N S -M A N V IL L E. W A R T IM E FO R M U LA E ^Amorphous, diatomaceous, opaline silica JOHNS-MANVILLE, Dept. 1-8 22 East 40th St., New York, N. Y. Please send me my copy of brochure No. FI-500. I am interested in the use of Celite Fillers in: | | | | | | |. A b s o rp tiv e p a c k in g s A s p h a lt C o m p o u n d s B attery B oxes B itu m in o u s C o m p o u n d s C a ta ly s t c a rrie rs C le a n s e r s — H o u s e h o ld E n a m e ls E x p lo siv e s E x te n d ed C o lo rs In se c tic id e s. £. L e a th e r c o a tin g s M atch h e a d s M o ld e d p la s tic s P a in ts Paper P o lis h e s S o u rc e o f a c tiv e silic a T ex tile lo o ti n g s V a rn is h e s W e ld in g -ro d c o a tin g s. Other usee.. Name___. C. E U. T E M. M. E M. L F /U. E R S. Address__ S ta te..

(5) August, 1943. INDUSTRIAL. AND E N G I N E E R I N G. ► S u l f o n a m i d e compounds, through their almost miraculous ef fectiveness against infectious diseases, have had an enormous am ount of well deserved attention focused on their medical as pects. Equally interesting is the chemical side of the production of huge quantities of these invaluable materials. Northey (page 829) gives us this phase of the story and some of its side lights in so far as they can be discussed under present conditions.. by which both anions and cations can be removed from solution, provides a new and valuable method of ac complishing many useful tasks. The new phase of this subject is the use of resinous agents to replace mineral zeolites, and it opens new and im portant fields for the technique. Myers (page 858) describes the functioning of the new compounds and their applications, many of them novel. ► Io n ic E x c h a n g e ,. of propeller agitators, widely used in mix ing, has been determined by Stoops and Lovell (page 845) and re duced to an equation for calculating this factor in designing in stallations. ► P o w e r C o n s u m p tio n. ► C o u n t e r c u r r e n t H e a t E x c h a n g e r s can be designed by • several methods of varying degrees of accuracy and of con venience. Larian (page 840) compares the various methods to supply a basis of choice between them. ► H e a t s o f V a p o r i z a t i o n can be determined graphically by using values for a reference substance. Gordon (page 851) presents a simplified method of doing this.. ►A b s o r p t i o n a n d S t r i p p i n g of hydrocarbons into and out of solutions are common operations of growing importance. Edmister (page 837) provides a short method of calculating the de sign of equipment for these purposes. ► R u b b e r a n d S y n t h e t i c R u b b e r s are useful only within specific and characteristic limits of temperature, both high and low. Morris, James, and W erkenthin (page 864) have deter mined the brittle points (i. e., the limiting low temperatures) of a number of commercial stocks made of both plantation and syn thetic rubbers, using a modified method believed to be superior.. modify materially the properties of resins con taining them, and much of the versatility of synthetic resins de pends upon the proper choice and use of a plasticizing agent. Reed (page 896) has investigated the effects on vinyl chlorideacetate copolymers of some forty-six plasticizers by methods de veloped for the purpose. ► P la s tic iz e rs. ► S o y b e a n M e a l produces im portant changes in the characteris tics of phenolic resins into which it is incorporated, according to McKinney and his co-workers (page 905), and by proper con sideration of these modifying effects plastics can be made to meet requirements more closely. Effects on flow, light stability of colors, and reduced cost without sacrifice of mechanical strength or moisture resistance are described.. CHEMI STRY. 5. ► S e p a r a t i o n o f P u r e H y d r o c a r b o n s from mixtures assumes continually greater importance in petroleum technology. Gris wold, Van Berg, and Kasch (page 854) have separated the con stituents of a commercial hexane and describe both the method and the results.. produces a number of crystalline com pounds whose compositions and characteristics affect steam boiler operation. Imhoff and Burkardt (page 873) have applied x-ray diffraction methods to their identification and give the conditions under which each is formed. ► W a te r T re a tm e n t. has been investigated by Coppick and Jahn (page 890) by direct nitration and by subse quent study of the products formed. Differences in solubility of nitration products are used to separate them for examination. Spruce and white pine are the woods studied. ► W o o d ’s C h e m i c a l C o n s t i t u t i o n. ► I n s u l a t i n g O i l s m ust be stable over long periods of use to be fully satisfactory. Assaf and Balsbaugh (page 909) have deter mined the effects of a number of additives and oxidation inhibitors on the electrical and chemical stability of mineral insulating oils. ► C o t t o n s e e d , P e a n u t , a n d S o y b e a n M e a l s , after the removal of their oil content, are im portant sources of edible protein and B vitamins which have been neglected in the American dietary. Zucker and Zucker (page 868) have investigated both nutritive aspects of these incompletely utilized products, already available in large quantities from oil mills, and find them good.. is a useful stabilizing and inliibiting additive for mineral lubricating oils, according to Jacobs and Othmer (page 883). A cheap, plentiful commercial lecithin was tested in a va riety of lubricating oils with good results as compared with other synthetic commercial additives. ► S o y b e a n L e c ith in. ► M e t h a n e ’s V o l u m e - P r e s s u r e characteristics have been de termined a t pressures up to 15,000 pounds per square inch and over the temperature range from —13° to 392° C. by Sage, Lacy, and their co-workers (page 922). ► S o a p - W a t e r - S a l t S y s t e m s are shown by the phase rule studies of McBain and Lee (page 917) to involve a subwaxy soap phase, which is grained out in soap making. ► S o y b e a n M e a l produced commercially contains lipoid oxidase capable of enzymic destruction of vitamin A and carotenoids only if the temperature reached in processing is too low' to denature the oxidase, according to Sumner and Tressler (page 921)..

(6) Vol. 35, No. 8. Find o u t h o w l HER ME.X i h e a tin g can im p ro v e y o u r h e a tin g o r b o nding o p e ra tio n s ! ABOVE is illustrated a portable Thermex high frequency unh for bonding or heat processing many non-conducting materials. It is easily moved from place to place, and is simple to operate—as easy as an ordinary radio set. The diagram shows a typical hook-up of a Thermex unit and how two or more pieces of non-conducting materials may be arranged in a press for heating or bonding at one time. Thermex equipment is in everyday use for bonding plywood and laminated wood, for the production of airplane parts, pre-heating and curing plastic materials, and for many other uses. The advantages of Thermex high frequency equipment are many. A few are: Heat processing or bonding at a speed never before attained. Will heat most non-conducting materials. Heats thick material as readily as thin material.. Performs difficult jobs well that are impossible with other forms of heating. Great flexibility. One Thermex machine may be used to supply heat for a variety of consecutive operations. Rate of heating continuously adjustable from prac tically zero to maximum capacity of equipment. Sizes available for all requirements. Send for the complete story how Thermex high frequency heating is speeding and improving many processes. Girdler maintains a complete Application. Engineering Service for your convenience. Compare Thermex performance with your present methods. IFrite today for further information.. G IR D L E R THERMEX DIVISION. B u y a n o th e r W ar B o n d th is w e e k !. C O R P O R A T IO N •. LOUISVILLE, KENTUCKY.

(7) August, 1943. INDUSTRIAL. AND E N G I N E E R I N G. CHEMI STRY. 7. *. DAY BEGINS AT M IDNIGHT changing into day is a gradual. ment between processes and operations;. problems. Because Link-Belt makes all. process . . . not like the snapping. they conserve space, eliminate wasted. types of conveyors and power transmit. on of a light. Likewise, the change from. effort and multiply the productiveness of. ting machinery, we can be o f incalcu. war to peace is a long transition. Right. man power. Thus, they give to industrial. lable service in recommending the type,. now, at the height of our war activities,. management the means for expanded activ. form, speed and drive most certain to aid. the shape of the post-war industrial world. ities . . . for broader markets . . . for accel. you in attaining streamlined production.. is being determined by the events of each. erated development of new products . . .. Submit your materials-handling problems. passing day. Therefore, it is imperative. in short, for sound, constructive progress.. to Link-Belt— our engineers will carefully. that management observe and utilize the. As specialists in designing and build. analyze your requirements and make. lessons being taught by war-accelerated. ing mechanical-handling machinery for. impartial, constructive recommendations.. production . . . for example, the proved. all industry, Link-Bek engineers have. Write us — today!. power of machinery to aid in world-wide. learned how to apply an extensive knowl. economic development by bringing more. edge and experience, effectively, to the. things within the reach of more people.. solution o f all kinds o f materials-handling. N. ig h t. L IN K -B E L T C O M P A N Y C H IC A G O • I N D IA N A P O L IS • P H IL A D E L P H IA. Offices, warehouses, distributors in a ll p rincipal cities. 9185. Ingenious conveying systems, through spectacular performance in war plants,. • D ALLA S. S A N F R A N C IS C O • A T L A N T A * T O R O N T O. " T H E. B A C K B O N E. M A S S. OF. P R O D U C T I O N '. have forcefully demonstrated their vital importance in post-war production plans. They regulate the flow o f materials and parts, securing the most efficient move. U. N. K. - B. E. L. T. C O N V E Y O R S . . . C H A I N S. and. POWER. T R A N S M IS S I O N. EQUIPMENT.

(8) UNTIL THE SHINES AGAIN. and pressure characterize these dog days. N atu re sup* plies the lieat, and an increasing am o u n t of pressure for production comes from W ashington and its m any w ar agencies as our offensives build tow ard the crescendo of victory. B u t none o f us need to be told a b o u t th at, and here it serves merely to in tro duce th e idea of an im p o rtan t paper on autoclaves leading off our Septem ber contents. I t is hardly necessary to go beyond th a t to suggest the value of more inform ation ab o u t these versatile and essential tools of all chemical industry. / / eat. l'. must keep on making Thermometers for Uncle Sam and for Victory!. Synthetic rubber continues our No. 1 problem . W ith the basic problem s of production now well on the w ay to solution on a huge scale, those of utilizing our several new elastom ers to best advantage become dom inant. Ju sl as duplication of the o u tp u t o f plantations achieved through decades has been accom plished in m onths th a t are only now growing into years, so will the centurylong developm ent of rubber technology be quickly reoriented and amplified to fit the new m aterials. H e a t generation and dissipa tion are y e t crucial problem s whose solutions m u st precede the full utilization of synthetics. T hey receive first atten tio n , and o th er papers will discuss Thiokol blends, h eat resistance of neo prene, sulfur vulcanizates o f styrene-butadiene polym ers, carbon black in B utyl, and effect of petroleum products on neoprene com pounds. T o com plete this group will be a paper on molecular weights o f high polym ers. T h a t should provide food for thought and action in plenty even though we m ay n o t be coming back from our accustom ed vacations.. thermometers must be m ade to the same high stand ards tor w hich Palmer Ther m om eters are ‘fam ous b ecau se only G O O D Thermometers w ill help to w in the war m ore speedily.. Pickling liquors, especially obnoxious in sluggish m idsum m er stream s, present a continuing problem to th e steel in d u stry. We shall learn som ething a b o u t the possibilities of g etting value from them by recovering free acid.. In the m eanw hile, RE MEMBER Palmer Quality \. Aging of w hisky, another continuing problem , is the principal a ctiv ity o f distillers now th a t w ar has stopped th eir norm al pro duction. T he phenomena connected w ith aging and m aturing will be discussed for us in the light of new evidence.. means: 1— E a sy -r e a d in g Mercury". "Red -R ead in g-. G lutam ic acid, lately coming into growing prom inence as a condim ent, a ttra c ts renewed atten tio n . Sugar b eet w astes gen erally are now shown to contain glutam ic acid in recoverable qu antities in addition to the custom ary source, Steiren wastes. H ere, again, appears an o p p o rtu n ity to build for ourselves an in d u stry to replace one which we form erly prom oted for Japan.. 2 — G uaranteedperm anent accuracy 3 — C onstructed for long life.. N o t too rem ote from this su b ject is th e industrial developm ent of soybean lecithin, this time employed usefully in printing inks. Phosphates, norm ally considered p la n t foods through fertilizer, will be discussed for us in their relation to anim al feeding, also a vital function. T h a t, o f course, is b y no m eans all, b u t a t least it is enough to prove o u r Septem ber issue a “ m u st” .. T H E P A L M E R CO.. Y o u r H u m b l e S py. M FRSu INDUSTRIAL. LABORATORY. RECORDING & DIAL THERMOMETERS. 2512 NORW OOD AVE., CINCINNATI. NORWOOD. O. C AN AD IAN M A N C H : X IN G AND C D O S C E S T S .. TO IO N T O. 8.

(9) August, 1943. G ir d le r f o r lo w - c o s t. LARGE\ OR. SMALL. SIDE VIEW OF PORTABLE GIRDLER „. ^. HYDROGEN GENERATOR. PERSPECTIV E VIEW OF LARGE G IR D LER HYDROGEN MANUFACTURING PLANT. OTHER GIRDLER PROCESSES P r o d u c tio n , P u r ific a tio n ? S e p a r a tio n , R e f o r m i n g or D e h y d r a tio n o f. h y d r o g e n s u l f id e. CARBON MONOXIDE BLUE WATER GAS ORGANIC SULFUR CARBON DIOXIDE hydrocarbons hydrogen n it r o g e n. OXYGEN. Y T /'H E T H E R your hydrogen * ' gas requirements are 500 cubic feet per hour or a m illion cu. ft. per hour, there is a Girdler Hydrogen Plant to meet your requirements. These range in size from portable units which can be installed in trucks, trailers or boats to giant permanent plants. Excellent purity of gas, extremely low operating cost, flexibility and practically automatic operation characterize all Girdler hydrogen. producing plants. Girdler plants operate in a continuous manner and are economical and efficient even if operated at only 20% of the rated capacity. You are urged to send for further details describing Girdler hydrogen plants. If you will indicate your approximate re quirements, a more specific reply can be given. No obligation, of course. Write today!. a n d v a rio u s m ix tu r e s .. B u y a n o th e r W a r B o n d th is w e e k ! yjixaa M n s i l i D i e a i o i i i H B i '. 7 4 * GIRDLER CORPORATION. T H E G IR D L E R C O R P O R A T IO N j| 202 E . Broadway, Louisville, Ky. „ Please send further, inform ation on G ir d le r Hydrogen g Manufacturing Plants. Ü N a m e ..... .................... ....................... ............ .... T itle. .........___. S p e c i c J U i i l ¿ n B e it& n . Q g A. p fio c e d d e d §. Gas Processes Division. KENTUCKY. .. Firm..................................................... U A d d ress. ........................................ g C ity —................ -. ............ ...........S ta te .............. —.

(10) F a b ric a te d stainless steel tees, elbows and reducing connections. Tested a t 50 lbs. pressure.. A. development is described in this month’s ad of the Brown Fintube Co. It is cut and twisted Fintubes, and by their use, says the ad, the heat transfer capacity of certain heat ex changers is increased by a full 50 per cent. The conventional Fintube is cut at certain intervals and the ends are twisted. This gives greater turbulence to the liquid or gas on the shell side which, in turn, gives more efficient heat transfer. Also, says the Brown message, there are still further savings in shell size, weight, and shipping and manufacturing costs. W hy plastics? asks the Bakelite Corporation, and then proceeds to give an answer by listing all the desirable properties th a t plas tics have. The ad contains valuable tidbits of information, such as the fact th a t the Navy is using plastic bayonets for train ing purposes, and th at engine cowlings are now being made of plastic rather than metal because the plastic construction is stronger and lighter. Says Bakelite, “H ardly a day passes b ut another new industrial development is made possible through plastics.” To this ad commentator, the H. M. H arper Company brings out a vital message this month. I t ’s an analogy on the old “ my kingdom for a horse” plea of the old king who lost every thing for the want of a horseshoe nail. The Harper Company says th a t often an investment of 2 cents more for a nonrusting bolt may save thousands of dollars later through the prevention of a breakdown. They say they have 4320 stock items of bolts, nuts, screws, washers, and other accessories in the nonferrous and stainless alloys. The Philadelphia Quartz Company offers a special bulletin about silicate of soda, its brands, properties, and applications. Some of the applications are illustrated in the ad. They range over the most varied fields. One concerns the reconditioning of metal workers’ files and another, quick setting inks. No m atter w hat your status as a user of silicate, says the ad, the new bulletin will be stimulating. The Goodyear Tire and Rubber Co. call their ad an “expression of faith in America” . I t concerns, not so much a product, b ut the dedication of a new research laboratory devoted to the idea th a t “ the best is yet to come” . They have faith th a t America is going ahead and will continue to do so. Bartlelt-Snow claims th a t powdery materials can now be dried with almost no loss a t all. Bartlett-Snow engineers, they say, keep loss of fines a t minimum levels. “ In one case a dryer 84 inches in diameter and 40 feet in length is drying 720 pounds an hour of a fine 57 per cent w et organic material with almost no loss a t all.” Long experience, they say, enables the correct selection of dryer, breechings, air ducts, and cleaners. The Thiokol Corporation tells how concrete underground storage tanks, thought unfit for storage of high-octane gasoline, were made suitable containers through the use of a protective coating of Thiokol sheet welded to the wall and floors of the tank with a special synthetic rubber cement. The Mixing Equipm ent ad this month is a particularly good ex ample, in this w riter’s opinion, of an engineering ad. After read ing it one feels th a t he has obtained some information to be used the moment he enters the plant. The points about mixing of miscible liquids are well taken and important. T. M. P r a t u r e. Stainless Steel w tided 18" diameter tee.. ACCURATE FITTINGS for. Formed and W eld ed from Stainless Steel a n d A llo y S h e e ts. W ALL TH ICKN ESSES #18 G A U G E TO Va " Save time and trouble in field erection w ith accurately made alloy fittings. Our fittings are carefully checked for correct dim ensions and are manufactured w ith true circularity to speed up alignm ent during field assembly. Tees, elbow s, crosses and special fittings made to your specifications can be furnished. In addition, w e manufacture stainless steel and alloy tubing 4" or larger in diam eter and prefabricated assemblies in all diameters; w all thicknesses from # 1 8 gauge to lA". Our mechanics w ork from your blueprints or from layouts made for you by our en g i neers. For deliveries on schedule, call on us for your next war p ip in g job.. A ll ORDERS SUBJECT TO GOVERNMENT PRIORITY REGULATIONS. p m. S . BLICKMAN, . 1 2 0 7 G R EG O R Y A V E N U E , W E E H A W K E N , N . J. i n c. TANK S • KETTLES • CONDENSERS • AGITATORS • EVAPORATORS • PANS VATS . CYLINDERS • A l lO Y PIPING. 10. new.

(11) INDUSTRIAL. August, 1943. NO. 7 OF A S E R I E S HOW. TU BE-TU RN. W E L D IN G F I T T IN G S B EN EFIT WAR, .. AND E N G I N E E R I N G. 11. CHEMI STRY. Welding with TUBE-TURN fittings gives extra strength and trouble-free performance needed today to insure. I N D U S T R Y ({. uninterrupted piping service •. I. p r o d u c tio n. I. d e m a n d s p l a c e d o n in d u s tr ia l p ip in g. TRIPLED 24 HRS. USE. DO UBLED 16 HRS. USE. OUND the clock, war-time operation for 24 hours a day instead J-*- of the normal 8 hours period triples the wear of oil, gas, power, chemical, heating, air, refrigeration and marine piping today. Despite the extra strain that fittings naturally take, coupled with constant three-shift operation, Tube-Turn welding fittings are practical insurance against piping failures. Tube-Turn fittings are stronger and safer because of their exclusive construction advantages. They provide leakproof, trouble-free joints that last as long as the pipe itself. They can be installed faster and easier, can be quickly insulated, instantly eliminate maintenance worries, and provide streamlined, space-saving layouts. Sizes, types and weights are available for every industrial require ment. W rite for catalog and data book No. 111.. 235*1. “ '«MtunoN'« « U n o » ,, if®? W t o l.. «*•. ,. ANTi. ' v cn. h,. Pr.:; Al>. P .p .n g , y, tcaJ. <on.. r , dgca. ^. S m o o th. -a j 1 a. ttss. or . „ j V “ " a S cr ¡ ¡ tt , ,e~ " ' ' o o . J „ ,. PRESSURf in.. ^ h i T , C J . " " c< o 'd ! '“ 7. T U B C T IfR N 13. T U B E T U R N S ( I n c .) . L o u isv ille, K y. Branch » ( / i t « : N ew York, C hicago. P h ila d elp h ia , Pittsburgh, C leveland , D a y to n . W ashington, D . C., H ou sto n , Los A n g eles. Distributors in principal cities.. „f. , f T longer- c. FEW«. * J*. of fu'i off,. ¿.rs tD -3,;" Cffi. ; a’lJ »'•» *T. ’I '1*« ' i. p- - C r r 1'^ Crr:/;; ’.. .. Ig lS ig.

(12) INDUSTRIAL. 12. AND E N G I N E E R I N G. Vol. 35, No. 8. CHEMISTRY. 18th CEN TURY FRENCH PO RCELAIN Under the regimes of Louis XV and XVI, France dominated Europe economically, politically and artistically. It was dur ing this glittering era that the secrets of Chinese porcelain making were rediscovered, and French plants, led by the Royal plant at Sevres, sprang up to dominate the industry. French porcelain showed superb workmanship and flawless finishes. I A. Colored enamel, gold le a f and dainty scenic panels were often used for decoration— reflecting the grandeur and artificial elegance of 18th century French nobility.. OF POTTERY 18 T H CENTURY FRENCH ceram ics w ere know n. and cherished for their artistic daintiness and ornate decoration. In contrast to these char acteristics, G eneral Ceram ics C hem ical Stone ware is k n o w n and valued for its strength, dura bility and functional design . It is built for but a sin g le p u rp ose—to serve you, industrially, w ell and lo n g . T h ere is n o th in g pretty or dainty about a stonew are pump, for instance, yet, in the h an d lin g o f stron g chem icals and corrosive liquids, its stonew are lin in g assures lo n g life to the pum p itse lf and insures p erso n n el and property against hazardous leakage. G eneral Ceram ics C hem ical Stonew are is acid -proof throughout and is built to m eet m echanical,. therm al, and chem ical requirem ents. General Ceram ics Chem ical Stonew are p rod ucts include a cid -p ro o f pipe, valves, fittings, kettles, jars, pots, pum ps, exhausters, coolers, condensers, acid elevators, tow ers, filtering equipm ent and tourills.. FIG. 420 ARMORED STONEWARE CENTRIFUGAL PUMP. O th er p ro d u c ts in c lu d e S te a tite In su la to rs tn a d e by G e n e ra l C eram ics & S te a tite Corp., Keasbey, N . J .. CHEMICAL KEASBEY. STONEWARE •. DIV.. NEW JERSEY @ 3950.

(13) August, 1943. INDUSTRIAL. AND E N G I N E E R I N G. CHEMISTRY. Votator is the ideal heat transfer equipment for practically all liquids or viscous materials. It is especially suitable for RESINS, AVIATION GASOLINE, PETROLEUM PRODUCTS, VEGETABLE OIL PRODUCTS, and CHEMICALS. Below are some of Votator’s key features that offer unusual advantages for these and many other applications.. 1. 5. HEAT TRANSFER IN SECO ND S!. Th e rale o f heat transfer is extrem ely fa st, due to the unique principle o f passing a very thin film o f product over a relatively large h eat transfer surface. H eating or cooling is in stan tan eo u s, requiring seconds instead o f m inu tes, even through w ide tem perature ranges.. 2. CONTINUOUS FLOW OF MATERIAL!. T h e V otator is continu ous in o p era tio n . T h e product is pum ped in at one end, h eated or cooled to a uniform tem peratu re, and discharged at the other end at the tem perature desired. T h is continuous flow advantage lik ew ise a p p lie s to the op eration w h ere both h ea tin g and cooling arc accom p lish e d w ith a hook-up o f tw o V otators.. 3. ê. FULLY ENCLOSED U N IT !. W ith the V otator, liq u id s or v isco u s m aterials are h ea ted or cooled w ithout contacting the atm o sp h ere. A ll air and m oisture can be exclud ed . H ow ever, if desirable, any pre determ ined am ount o f inert gas m ay be incorporated uni form ly in th e product w ith a V otator.. 8. EASILY INSTALLED !. V otator units are a v a ila b le in standard sizes and designs that f it e asily into m any p rocesses. Low tem perature refrigerants or high tem perature steam m ay be used as the heat transfer m ed ium . Inlet and o u tlet connections for both the product and refrigerant or h eating m ed ium arc arranged so the V otator can e a sily be hooked in to a lm o st any p la n t process.. ACCURATE CONTROL AT ALL TIMES!. A V otator is extrem ely sim ple to o p era te. A d justm ents in operating conditions can be m ade q u ick ly , and the results are im m ed ia te. A u tom atic controls and regulators protect against carelessness or negligence.. 7. SIMULTANEOUS M IXING !. H igh speed a g ita tio n under pressure in the enclosed V otator assures thorough and in tim ate m ixing. W ith a V otator, m ixing, em u lsify in g or aerating m ay be accom plish ed at the lim e o f h e a t tran sfer, w h ich o ften resu lts in product im prove m ents and decid ed production eco n o m ics.. 4. UNIFORM TEMPERATURE I. Uniform h eating or cooling o f the product is assured at a ll tim es for two reasons. F irst, because only a sm all quan tity o f the product is in the V otator a t any one tim e. Second, e ffe c tiv e in su lation reduces th e h ea t or cold loss to a m inim um , and controls regulate th e entire operation accurately.. MORE ECONOMICAL!. T h e speed o f lic a t tran sfer, accurate tem perature control, rapid, continuous flo w , and the fu lly enclosed unit are factors thnt enable V o ta to r equipm en t to be operated much m ore econom ically than ordinary types o f h ea t exchange equipm en t. T h e added advantage o f sim ultan eou s m ixing or em u lsify in g also m ay reduce processing costs and save tim e.. Write today for further information and illustrated booklet.. *lke G I R D L E R V O T A T O R D IV IS IO N. HOW. THE V O T A T O R. W ORKS. T h e h eart o f th e V otator, th e h ea t tran sfer cylinder, illustrates at the righ t h ow the product is pum ped in connection (1 ) thru annular space (2 ) and out connection (1 ) at the op p o site en d , d ep ending upon th e direction o f flow desired . T h e h ea tin g or cooling m ed ium enters at connection ( 3 ) , p a sses thru annular space (4 ) and out connection (3)« M utator sh a ft (6 ) w ith scraper b lades (7 ) is m otor d riven , causin g blades to scrape film from surface o f h e a l transfer tube (S) hundreds o f lim es a m in u te.. C O R PO R A TIO N L O U IS V IL L E , K E N T U C K Y. 13.

(14) 14. INDUSTRIAL. AND E N G I N E E R I N G. Vol. 35, No. 8. CHEMISTRY. Air-borne corrosion makes a con tinuous (and costly!) attack on exhaust fans. Harness these hungry, destructive fumes with Buffalo Rubber-Lined Exhaus ters— and extend fan life 3 to 12 times longer than ordinary metal fans. The entire inside of the fan housing and fan w h eel are lined with B. F. Goodrich "Vulcalock" pure gum rubber vulcanized to the metal. The acid can't eat the steel b ecause it can't penetrate the resistant rubber coating. Start conserv ing fans n ow — write for Bulletin 2424D, giving full engineering data.. ]. BUFFALO 153 M ortim er St.. FORGE COMPANY B u ffa lo , N. Y.. B r a n c h E n g in e e r in g O ffice s in P r in c ip a l C itie s C a n a d ia n B lo w e r & F o r g e C o ., L t d ., K itc h e n e r , O n t.. RUBBER-LINED. EXHAUST FA N S.

(15) August, 1943. INDUSTRIAL. AND E N G I N E E R I N G. CHEMI STRY. 15. AN EX P R ESSIO N OF FAITH IX A M ER IC A E C E N T L Y , G o o d y ear d ed ic a ted a n ew h o m e fo r its b o ld a n d m an ifo ld research a ctiv ities, now c o n c e n tra te d on w a r p ro d u c ts.. R. G a th e re d h ere, in v a s t a rra y , are th e m o s t m o d ern in s tru m e n ts o f scientific d is c o v e ry — n o t o n ly in th e fields o f n a tu ra l ru b b e r, sy n th e tic ru b b e r a n d its k in d red p la s tic s—b u t in fields also ran g in g even to aero d y n am ics an d m e ta llu rg y . M o re th a n a m illion dollars w e n t in to this b u ild in g an d its e q u ip m e n t. I t is, w e believe, th e finest la b o ra to ry for its p u rp o se in th e w orld. B u t it is n o t th e com p letio n o f th e s tru c tu r e w hich w e em ph asize here.. u c ts w hich th is fe rtility b ro u g h t forth. F ro m th e b eg in n in g G o o d y ear h as ste a d fa stly stre sse d re search to advance th e usefulness an d v a lu e o f its p ro d u cts. I t w as th is c o n s ta n t q u e st for im p ro v e m e n t w hich, in th e early day s, originated th e first stra ig h t-sid e tire. I t b ro u g h t fo rth th e first p n eu m atic tire fo r tru c k s a n d farm tra c to rs — th e first low p ressu re tire for airplanes. I t b ro u g h t c o tto n , ra y o n an d ny lo n cord tire s to th e ir high perfectio n . I t p ro d u c ed Pliofilm a n d A irfoam , tw in ad v an ces in p ac k ag in g a n d cushioning. I t dev elo p ed th e nev er-eq u aled C om pass tran sm issio n b elt.. I t is r a th e r th e b eg in n in g o f a new a d v a n c e — a n ad v a n c e a lre a d y lau n ch e d b y th e lim itless d em an d s o f w ar, w hich w ill su rely gain m o m e n tu m w ith th e p eace to com e.. I t enab led A m erica’s first all-synthetic tire , p ro d u c e d b y G o o d y ear in 1937.. F o r G o o d y ear’s gro w th h a s ste m m e d n o t from th e a c c u m u latio n o f p ro p e rtie s or from finance — b u t fro m fe rtility o f th e m in d a n d th e serv ic e a b ility o f th e p ro d . A nd fo r 28 y ears now , it h as w on p o p u la r trib u te , expressed in th e fa c t t h a t m o re people rid e o n G o o d y ear tire s th a n on a n y o th e r k in d .. I t p erfec ted b u llet-p u n c tu re -se a lin g fuel ta n k s for airplanes.. W e c a n n o t p re d ic t w h a t th is la b o ra to ry will b rin g fo rth in fu tu re. B u t in th e realm o f possibilities— Irom th e d e v elo p m en ts sp u rred h v w a r—is such a ra n g e o f p ro d u c ts as n ailable glass, w a fe r-th in in s u la tin g m aterials, h u n d red -m ile c o n v e y o r b e lt system s, non -freezab lc p la s tic w a te r p ip es, m etalw ood la m in a tio n s fo r c a r a n d airp lan e bodies, in ild ew p ro o f te n ts a n d aw nings, sta tic -fre e ra d io , all-w elded airplane fab ricatio n , c ra sh p ro o f a irp la n e fuel ta n k s , a n d m a n y like w onders on w hich w e a re now a t w ork. T h e se will d ic ta te in sig n ifican t m easure “ th e sh ap e o f th in g s to co m e,” fo recast in g th e fullness o f life w h ich is ours to conceive an d realize w hen p eace re tu rn s. So w h a t we h av e d ed ic a te d is n o t a building, h u t th e ta le n ts w hich th is bu ild in g is b u ilt to serve. I t is o u r aim to m a k e it fo rev er tru e of G o o d y ear, as o f life in A m erica, th a t “ th e b e s t is y e t to com e.”. P l io f ilm , A l r f o n m , Com ptiB B — T . M . ’s T h e G o o d y e a r T i r e & R u b b e r C o m p a n y. g o o d THE. GREATEST. /. y e a r. NAME. IN R U B B E R.

(16) m. m. m. r. p. preparation equipment. accurate sand control. Electric induction melting furnaces — 24 00 lb ., 1 2 0 0 lb ., 65 0 lb ., 4 0 0 lb. and 1 50 lb. uniti. 1. O n e of severe! 8 '* 1 2 ' car type annealing furnaces. Smaller sizes also available.. 5. A l l our foundries have. Ouench-ennea! operation for austenitic alloys. delay in this quench.. No. Indirect a x melting furnace.. D o y o u n e e d a llo y iro n or s ta in le s s ste e l c a s tin g s (h eat o r c o r ro sio n re s is tin g ) o f h ig h q u a lit y , a c c u r a t e a n a ly s is , fo r e ith e r h ig h p re s s u r e o r n o r m a l p re s su r e se rv ic e ? A L L O Y IR O N S, su ch as — D u r ir o n o r D u r ic h lo r (h igh silic o n iro n s). N i-R e s is t N o. 1 (15Tb N i, 6 % C u N i-R e s is t N o. 2 (20% N i, C u fr e e 1 30% o r 35% n ic k e l c a s t iro n 2 J4 % N i, 1% C r C a s t ir o n O r o t h e r a llo y s to y o u r sp e c ific a tio n s . S T A IN L E S S S T E E L S , su ch as — D u r im e t T o r D u r im e t 20 (Ni, C r , M o , C u , fo r s u lp h u r ic a c id service) M onel m etal 1 2 % C r ; 1 8 % C r ; or 2 8 % C r 1 8 % C r , 8 % N i, (18 -8 S ) lo w c a r b o n , w it h or w it h o u t C o lu m b iu m 1 8 % C r , 8 % N i. 2 i i % M o , (18 -8 S M o ) 2 5 % C r, 12 % N i 2 0 % C r, 2 5 % N i 3 5 % N i, 1 5 % C r O r o th e r s p e c ia l a n a ly s e s . C A P A C I T Y A V A I L A B L E — T H R E E la r g e fo u n d rie s w e ll-. e q u ip p e d fo r p ro d u c in g s p e c ia l c a s tin g s , a n d tw o la r g e m a c h in e sh o p s fo r fin is h in g p ro d u c ts . FO U N D RY F A C IL IT IE S — E le c t r ic I n d u c tio n j I n d ir e c t A r c M e lt in g F u r n a c e s P o w d e re d F u e l A ir * A c c u r a t e S a n d C o n tr o l G a m m a R a y In s p e c tio n S p e c t r o p h o t o m e te r A n a ly s is C o m p le te M e t a llu r g ic a l, F o u n d r y a n d L a b o r a t o r y C o n tr o l H E A T T R E A T IN G F A C IL IT IE S C a r t y p e a n d s m a lle r a n n e a lin g a n d h a r d e n in g fu r n a c e s O il a n d w a t e r q u e n c h D ra w fu r n a c e s , a c c u r a c y — 1 3 F . E X P E R I E N C E — T h i r t y y e a r s e x c lu s iv e ly in t h e m a n u f a c t u r e o f a llo y s a n d c o r r o s io n -r e s is tin g e q u ip m e n t. H ig h e s t t y p e o f su p e rv is io n , e x p e rie n c e d fo u n d r y m e n , c a p a b le of h a n d lin g to c o m p le tio n t h e p a t t e r n d e sig n a n d te c h n iq u e o f m a k in g s p e c ia l a n d in t r i c a t e c a s tin g s . P R O M P T D E L I V E R I E S — C a p a c it y is n o w a v a ila b le fo r a d d i t io n a l r u s h o rd e rs. S u b m i t y o u r r e q u ir e m e n ts to u s fo r q u o t a tio n o r fo r th e a d v ic e a n d a s s is ta n c e o f o u r E n g i n e e r in g a n d M e t a llu r g ic a l D e p a r t m e n ts ..

(17) August, 1943. INDUSTRIAL. J. S. AND E N G I N E E R I N G. * ". CHEMI STRY. TO A I D PIR O D U C T I O N. !. AT A NEW A L U M I N U M. T he fabricating of such pressure vessels has long been a specialty at our plants. Com plete facilities are available at our Birmingham plant for x-raying and stress-relieving. Vessels up to IS ft. 2 in. in diam. and as long as can be shipped can be handled in the stress-relieving furnace. T hose SO ft. or less in length are stress-relieved at one tim e. Vessels built to A PI-A SM E specifications not requiring stress-relieving are fabricated at our other plants.. IR T U A L L Y a whole trainload of these horizontal digesters were fabricated recently at our Birmingham works and shipped to a new alum inum plant. T his par ticular installation, only one of m any, merely serves to indicate th e im portant role that welded steel pressure vessels are playing in the nation’s war effort. Chem ical plants, the synthetic rubber industry, and the petroleum industry are demand ing welded steel pressure vessels of various types for their “production lin es.”. V. T b * A r m y .N a v y " f f a g n o w ß i* t « v e r I wo o f o u r v b ify a r it . . . E u rclta , C alifo rn ia a n d Seneca, Illinois.. P L A NT. The digesters shown above weie stress-relieved before being shipped from Birmingham. They measure 9 ft. S in. in diam. and So fL long, and are designal fo r 200 lbs. per sq. in. pressure.. C H IC A G O B R ID G E ■ IR O N C O M PA N Y. C H IC A G O • N E W Y O R K • P H IL A D E L P H IA H A V A N A . C L E V E L A N D . B IR M IN G H A M P la n ts in BIRM ING H AM , C H IC A G O a n d GREENVILLE, P A .. M. A. TU LSA. .. H O USTO N. S A N F R A N C IS C O. •. .. G R E E N V IL L E. W A S H IN G T O N. I n C a n a Ja : H O R T O N STEEL W O R K S, LIMITED, FORT ERIE, O N T A R IO.

(18) • That the carrying or entraining pow er o f an air stream varies as the square to fifth pow er o f the linear air velocity, is o f sm all im portance w hen drying granular or heavy bulk materials. But take the pow dery ones, cellu lose acetate, paint pigm ents, lign in or activated carbon. W ith these and other products w h o se value is com puted in dollars to a pound, loss o f fines in the discharged air or vapor is o f great im portance. W ith the ability that com es from only lo n g expe rience in selectin g just the size and type o f dryer . . . in building breechings, air ducts and cleaners, Bartlett-Snow en gin eers keep loss o f fines at minimum levels. In one case, a Bartlett-Snow Style J Dryer, 84. inches in diam eter and 40 feet in-length, is drying 7 2 0 pounds an hour (dry w eigh t) o f a fine 57% w et organic material w ith alm ost no loss at all. Cut d ow n your product losses w ith Bartlett-Snow equipm ent. W ide custom er experience, an intim ate background o f chem ical engin eerin g and "TECH NICAL A P P R O A C H ,” the formulas developed and used only by Bartlett-Snow heat engineers, that determ ine w ith m athem atical precision the drying condition best suited to the p r o d u c t. . . w ill help you solve your problem s, too! W hat are your problem s? THE. C. O . BA RTLETT & SN OW. COM PANY. 6207 H AR V A R D AVEN UE, CLEVELA N D , OHI O 30 Church St.r New York. First Nat’l Bank Bldg., Chicago. BARTLETT-SNOW DRYERS. ^. •. CALCINERS. •. COOLERS. •. KILNS. Also complete m aterials handling facilities to meet any requirement One contract * One guarantee of satisfactory performance * Unit responsibility Rotary Crushers. Bucket Elevators. Belt Conveyors. Dust Collectors. Pressure Vess.

(19) A D V E R T IS E M E N T — T h is entire page is a paid advertisem ent.. Prepared M o n th ly by U. S . In d u stria l Chemicals, Ind.. U.S! CHEMICAL NEWS August. ^. A Monthly Series for Chemists and Executives of the Solvents and Chemical Consuming Industries. 1943. U . S. Industrial Alcohol Co. Merged Into U.. S. Industrial. Chemicals,. New Name Signifies Increasing. New Acetone Uses Developed Covering Many Varied Fields. Interest in Growing ChemicalField Effective at the close of business on July 16th, U. S. Industrial Alcohol Co. has been merged with, and into, U. S. Industrial Chemicals, Inc., in line with the Com pany’s increasing interest and growing activities in the. Im portance of C hem ical Shown B y Study of R ecent Patents Although generally considered a staple chemical with a fairly limited although im portant field of utility, acetone is finding many new uses in a wide variety of processes. As an indication of the unexplored possibili ties of this highly reactive chemical, a study of recent patents reveals many such applica tions. A few of the more interesting are out lined in the following paragraphs as described by their inventors. In the rubber compounding field, for ex ample, a typical new use for acetone is in con densation with aryl amide to produce an age resistor for rdbber which is particularly effec tive at elevated temperatures. For inhibiting oxidation in rubber, another inventor recommends incorporating about 0.1 % or more of a product of thermal reac tion of a ketone such as acetone, an aliphatic “hydrocarbon alcohol” such as isopropanol, and a secondary di-aromatic amine such as diphenylamine in the presence of an acidic catalyst, with elimination of water. One use for acetone in the metal-working field is its use in combination with boron tri fluoride. An organic flux for soft soldering metals is obtained which is described as noncorrosive when left in contact with the metal being soldered and yet which mildly, but uni formly, attacks the metal surface during the soldering operation. To produce a solvent for dewaxing mineral oils, acetone is recommended in combination with amyl mercaptan. Certain treated waxy lubricating oil stocks of 70 seconds Saybolt universal viscosity when mixed with such a (C ontinued on n e xt page). By constant research and d e v e lo p m e n t , U .S.I. has expanded Its activities until it is not only one of the largest industrial alcohol man* ufacturers, but a major producer of chemicals and solvents derived from alcohol.. High Bactericidal Properties Claimed for New Compound DALLAS, Tex. — A new compound, hexamethyl - para - rosaniline - chloride - copper, has been patented by two inventors here which is said to have remarkable bactericidal, protozoadidal, ovacidal, and fungicidal action while remaining relatively harmless to body tissues. As described by the inventors, the process of preparing this compound includes dissolv ing 1.5 grams of crystal violet dye in 10.5 cc. of ethanol and 90 cc. of water having 2 cc. of 95% U.S.P. lactic acid therein. Approximately 90 cc. of the first solution is then mixed with 8 cc. of the second solution and 2 cc. of water.. Im provin g Soya-bean Oil A process for improving the color and ex tending the pre-reversion period of soya-bean oil which may be partly hydrogenated or re fined has been reported. The oil is heated for several hours under reduced pressure in the presence of superheated steam if desired, at 205-260° with 0.01 to 0.5% of glycerol to remove volatile constituents.. BURBANK, Calif. — A patent has been awarded to an inventor here for a composi tion suitable for use in the treatment of cellulose derivatives, such as photographic film, which is claimed to be effective either to prevent shrinkage and deterioration or to restore the normal characteristics of such ma terials after having undergone a loss of their volatile constituents. The composition comprises an azetropic mixture of one or more volatile organic sol vents, such as dibutyl phthalate, and one or more volatile plasticizing agents such as etha. broader field of industrial chemicals — and consistent with the present trends in the re search and development of U.S.I. products. Originally organized in 1906 under the name of U. S. Industrial Alcohol Co. for the express purpose of manufacturing industrial alcohols, the Company has gradually in creased its activities in alcohol-derived sol vents, chemicals and intermediates. U .S .I. A ctivities In c re a se. Interest in the development of related alcohol-chemical products has continued until today U.S.I. offers a most complete line of these products for applications and for or ganic syntheses in new fields of endeavor. Among important recent additions to the U.S.I. line are a number of new acetoacetarylides, developed in recognition of the growing importance of yellow pigments and dyestuffs, and ethyl benzoylacetate, an intermediate use ful in the manufacture of dyes and the syn thesis of many chemical compounds. U.S.I. has also recently manufactured quantities of Indalone, insect repellent outstanding for slow-evaporating and film-forming character istics, and ethyl sodium acetone-oxalate, a highly reactive chemical. New Glycerol M ethod Another significant contribution made by U.S.I. during the past year was the develop ment of a commercially practical method for producing glycerol by fermentation of mo lasses which is expected to alleviate the cri( C ontinued on n e xt page). E th yl A ceto a ceta te U sed as N ew S u lfa D r u g In te r m ed ia te NH. Composition Developed for Treating Plastic Materials. Inc.. o = c - o c 2h 5. I CH NH,. N -C -O H H2 N - C. II N aO -C -C H ,. CH. c=. /. 0. H. ->. H2N - C. I. H ,N - C. CH. I. N = CCH,. H H C— C C -S-C l II. N -CH. N=CCH3. II. \. +h 2 .. I. C H2N — C. P O C lj. \C =. =c. H. H. /. N — CH C— sII. o. -C. CH. I N= C - C H ,. Typical of the wide range of important products made with the aid of ethyl,acetoacetate is its use as an intermediate for the new sulfa drug sulfamerizine, which is reported to be more powerful than sulfadiazine and less liable to cause damage to the kidneys. Sulfamerizine can be produced in accord-.

(20) A D V E R T IS E M E N T — T h is entire page is ą paid advertisem ent.. U.S.I.CHEMICAL NEWS. August. U.S.I. Merger. New Acetone Uses. (C ontinued fro m preceding page). ( C ontinued fro m preceding page). tical demand for this war-important material. Interm ediates Developed One of the major undertakings of U.S.I.’s laboratories at the present time is the develop ment of new chemical intermediates for use in the manufacture of hormones, amino acids, vitamins, insecticides, and chemo-therapeutics. To exploit further uses for the staple prod ucts and develop new ones, a Technical Sales Development Department was established by U.S.I. with headquarters in a newly con structed laboratory building. A significant step in the widening of U.S.I.’s chemical activities was its entrance into the field of synthetic resin manufacture with a fairly complete line which includes modified and pure phenolics, alkyds, urea-formaldehydes and ester gums. A line of natural resins was added a short time later. Two new plants have been built to in crease U.S.I.’s resin manufacturing capacity. Both the manufacture and sale of these ma terials are now conducted by U.S.I.’s Stroock & Wittenberg Division. Through an active research and develop ment program, coupled with the maintenance of high standards of purity and uniformity, U.S.I. has been able to serve not only virtu ally every important industry, but to make a substantial contribution to America’s fight for freedom as well.. solvent are claimed to produce a dewaxed oil with a pour point of 5° F. A recent pharmaceutical application of ace tone is in dissolving the salt of calabash-curare as a preliminary step in purifying toxiferine. The patent also outlines subsequent steps in the process. Another new pharmaceutical use for ace tone is in the extraction of stings and poison glands of bees. The extract is then evaporated in vacuum at 20° and extracted first with a concentrated alcohol, such as ethanol or methanol, and with 55-65% aqueous alcohol. New uses for acetone are discovered fre quently in the paint, varnish and lacquer in dustries where this chemical has long been one of the most useful solvents. One recent application is found in a process for a dry ing oil composition claimed to possess im proved hardness and adhesion, as well as greatly reduced wrinkling tendencies. It com prises an unsaturated ketone condensation product of acetone in which tung oil is dis solved. A rapid, uniform method of producing a luminous coating for electric lamps was dis cussed recently in which luminescent particles are dissolved in a medium of acetone, nitro cellulose and dimethyl phthlate. Another in ventor recommends the addition of colloidal graphite dissolved in acetone and aluminum to lacquer that is to be used on aircraft. Among the new uses for acetone in or ganic synthesis is one in which it is used in preparing a pure grade of hydroxylamine hydrochloride. Acetone is reacted with a mix ture of nitric acid and hydrochloric acid to produce chloroisonitrosoacetone, which is dissolved in water and reacted with chlorine gas, then hydrolyzed in dilute hydrochloric acid. The preparation of new emulsifying agents which disperse calcium soap also involves the use of acetone. Lauryl chloride is condensed with a sulphonic acid of para-toluidine or para-chloroaniline in the presence of caustic soda ash or other alkalies and acetone. An improved method of manufacturing vinyl crotonate makes use of acetone. Acety lene is brought into contact with crotonic acid in the presence of acetone and in the presence of a catalyst at a temperature not exceeding about 50° C. One of the foremost producers of this basic chemical for many years, U.S.I. offers acetone of highest purity to meet essential needs.. P atent A w ard ed f o r P ro c e ss T o Sepa ra te F a tty A cid s A method for obtaining fatty-acid fractions relatively rich in stearic and palmitic acids from mixtures such as tallow and garbage grease is the subject of a recent patent. The method comprises dissolving the fat in a solvent such as 90% methanol, and estab lishing in the solution a quantity of neutral fat amounting to about 0.5 to 3.5% of the weight of the fatty acids. The solution is then chilled to provide a fraction purer in stearic than in palmitic acid. After this fraction has been removed by filtration, the solution is again chilled to effect crystallization of an eutectic mixture of stearic and palmitic acids. This fraction is also removed by filtration and the solution again chilled to precipitate a fraction richer in palmitic acid than in stearic acid. This final fraction is also removed by filtration.. U 60. C. I ndustrial. B ^B B B EA ST. f l. 42N D. STREET,. ALCOHOLS A m y l A lc o h o l > B u ta n o l (N o rm a l B u ty l A lc o h o l) Fu sel O il— R e fin e d. Ethanol (Ethyl Alcohol). r u i wIr n r. N EW. YORK. INDUSTRIAL. "ANSOLS A n so l M A n so l PR. A C ETIC ESTERS. A m y l A c e ta t e S p e c ia lly D e n a tu re d — A ll re g u la r B u ty l A c e ta t e a n d a n h yd ro u s fo rm u la s E th y l A c e tó te C o m p le te ly D e n o tu re d — a ll re g u la r O XA LIC ESTERS a n d on h yd ro u s fo rm u la s P ure— 190 p ro o f, C .P . 9 6 % , B u ty l O x o lo te A b so lu te E th y l O x a la te U .S .I. D e n a tu re d A lco h o l P HTHALIC ESTERS A n t i- fre e z e 'S u p e r P yro A n t i- fre e z e A m y l P h th o la to “ S o lo x P ro p rie ta ry S o lv e n t B u ty l P h th a la te -S o lo x D - l D e -icin g Flu id E th y l P h t h a la t e. T EC H N IC A L DEVELOPMENTS. Further information on these items may be obtained by writing to U.S.I. A textile sample dryer is offered which is claim ed to perform both drying and conditioning o p era tions on samples of m aterials in from one to two minutes. Swatches are placed on a w ire screen on the disc or rotor attached to the inside of the door of an insulated cab inet, and rotated first with door closed, then opened. (No. 720). U S I A portable parts-tosting unit has been developed which the maker says can subject specimens to any temperature between 165° F. and 100° below zero. Using carbon d ioxid e as refrigeran t, the unit may be atlached to a small enclosure built around test parts. A small electric heater pro vides heat. (No. 721). U S I A moisture-resistant white pencil tracing cloth has been put on the market which is said to guard against spots from perspiration or moist hands and clim atic conditions. It is described as having glass-like transparency and a finetooth surface. (No. 722). U S I A flo o r cleanin g and d isin fe ctin g pow der is offered which is said to form a non-caustic solution that is effective on floors of wood, tile , terrazzo , cork, linoleum , and rubber. The maker says it rinses re a d ily , does not turn ran cid , and is harmless to the skin. (No. 723). U S I A resin-base paint has been developed which is. said to protect the surfaces of mefal, wood, and concrete against attack by organic and inor ganic acids, alkalis, salts, alcohol, gasoline, oils, and moisture. It is applied by brushing, spraying or dipping. (No. 724) U S I. A salve for treating burns has been developed which is claim ed to offer ease of ap plication, relief of p ain , acceleration of rate of healing, shortening of d isab ility period , and the preven tion of disfiguring scars in many cases. (No. 725). U S I An acid rust solvent and metal cleaner has been developed for ferrous metals and g alvanized sheets. The maker says it w ill remove oxides quickly in cold solutions without attacking the m etal, and that it is Tumeless and w ill not dam age clothing, shoes, or hurt hands in any w ay. (No. 726). U S I A paint-type marking crayon is offered for use on cold surfaces of steel, lumber, rubber, stone, g lass, porcelain and plastics. Colors include white, black, red , blue, green, and yellow . (No. 727). U S I A flame-proofing material is offered for cloth and fab ric that is said to prevent them from igniting even when exposed to actual flames. Trie maker says it is non-iniurious to w oolens, cotton or royon, non-iniurious to the skin, and non-poisonous and odorless. (No. 728). Ch e m ic a l s ,. cittncns S^r''. i. 1943. /. SOt Vf HTS »LC3H01S / BRA N CH ES FINK /. In c .. -------------------------------------IN. OTHER ESTERS - D ia to l E th y l C o rb o n a tc E th y l C h lo ro fo rm a to E th y l F o rm a te. INTERMEDIATES A c e to o c c to n ilid e A c c to a c e t- o rth o - a n is id id e A c c to a c c t- o rth o - c h lo ra n ilid e A c e to o c e t-o rth o -to lu id id e A c e to a c c t- p a ro - c h lo ro n ilid o E th y lA c e t o a c e t a t e E th y l B e n z o y la c e ta te E th y l Sodium O x a la c e t a te - R e g iste re d T r a d e M a rk. A LL. P R IN C IP A L. CITIES. ETHERS E th y l E th e r E th y l E th e r A b s o lu tc -. -A.C.S.. OTHER PRODUCTS A c e to n e C o llo d io n s " C u rb o y B -G -'C u rb a y B in d e rs * C u rb o y X (P o w d e r) E th y le n e E th y le n e G lyco l -1 n d a I one N itro c e llu lo s e S o lu tio n s P o ta sh , A g ric u ltu ra l U re th a n * V a c o to n e.

(21) August, 1943. INDUSTRIAL. A N D E N G I N E E R I N G C H E M I S T R Y ________________________ 21. How Calgon helps speed America’s war effort: 2. IN THE S T E E L I N D U S T R Y H E n ation’s priceless steel-mak ing equipm ent must be kept in good condition at all costs. U nfor tunately, the water necessary for cooling, w hich is usually taken for granted, som etim es can do a surpris ing am ount of damage. W h e n hard, h ig h -b ic a r b o n a te water must be used for cooling, blast fu rn ace ja ck ets a n d o p en -h ea rth doors clog up w ith scale, overheat and often burn out, causing fre quent repairs. H eat exchangers, fur nace cooling coils, and all kinds of. T. water-cooled rolls have sim ilar scale trouble. E very w h ere, b u t p a r tic u la r ly where water is too soft, equipm ent and pipe lines suffer from corrosion —som etim es rusting through in a few m onths. T h is trouble is even more deadly as repair parts are increas ingly difficult to get. Fortunately, scale can be pre vented, corrosion controlled w ith a sim ple treatm ent using only a few parts per m illion of C algon*. Heatexchanger equipm ent can be kept. on the job w ith no down time for cleaning. Gas coolers, air coolers re tain their full capacity; even am m onia scrubbers stay in service much longer. W h erev er in d u stry is tr o u b led w ith problems of scale and corro sion, the chances are that Calgon can be of im m ediate service. N o elabo rate equipm ent is needed to start the treatment. Get in touch w ith us at once for com plete details. * Calgon is the trade-mark of Calgon, Inc., for its glassy sodium phosphate products.. W A T ER SU PPLY. 1—5 p.p.m . C A LG O N. 2 - 1 0 p.p.m . C A LG O N. PREVENTS CALCIUM. CONTROLS CO RRO SIO N. CA RB O N A TE SCALE. THROUGHOUT W ATER. FO LLO W IN G H EATIN G. DISTRIBUTION. O R TREATMENT. SYSTEMS. CO KE PLANT. FURNACES. Cuts down Scale in TUYERES & BOSH OF BLAST FURNACE. Prevents Corrosion in BILLET ROLLS Prevents Scale on GAS CO O LERS. Stops Plugging of A M M O N IA SCRUBBERS by Scale. ■. Reduces Corrosion and Scale in DIES FOR WIRE DRAW ING. ■. Minimizes Corrosion and Scaling in DOORS ON OPEN HEARTH FURNACES. Keeps W ater Side of AIR COOLERS in good condition. HA G A N BUILD ING. Prevents Scale in TRANSFORMERS AN D ELECTRIC FURNACE W ater Jackets. P IT T S B U R G H . P A ..

(22) INDUSTRIAL. AND E N G I N E E R I N G. CHEMI STRY. Vol. 35, No. 8. "ELECTRONIC Instruments in the industrial plants of tomorrow w ill supply that lifeblood of change and improvement w hich makes for scientific prog ress and commercial success. To anticipate the exacting demand of industry’s future instrumentation, Brown and M inneapolis-Honeywell engineers have assumed the obligation of leadership in pioneering new developments for the measurement and control of industrial processes. T H E B R O W N IN S T R U M E N T C O M P A N Y , 4 4 8 0 W A Y N E A V EN U E, P H IL A D E L P H IA , P E N N S Y L V A N IA. D IV IS IO N OF M IN N EA PO LIS-H O N EY W ELL REG ULA TO R CO. M INNEAPOLIS, M IN NESOTA , AND 119 PETER STREET, T O R O N T O , CANADA W a d s w o rth R o ad , P eriv ale, M id d le se x , E n g la n d :. N y b ro k a je n 7, S to c k h o lm , S w eden.

(23) August, 1943. INDUSTRIAL. AND E N G I N E E R I N G. S u lp h u r ic a c id . . . p e a c e - t i m e b a r o m e t e r o f t h e c h e m ic a l in d u s t r ie s . . . is e q u a lly e s s e n t ia l t o w a r in d u s t r ie s . R e f in e r ie s p r o d u c in g a v ia t io n g a s o lin e , m u n i t i o n s p la n t s p r o d u c in g e x p lo s iv e s , a n d m i l l s p r o d u c in g ir o n a n d s t e e l fo r w e a p o n s o f w a r . . . a ll r e q u ir e la r g e q u a n t i t i e s o f s u l p h u r ic a c id . C H E M IC O . . . d e s ig n e r a n d b u ild e r o f s u lp h u r ic a c id p l a n t s . . . h a s a p p lie d i t s 29 y e a r s o f s p e c ia liz e d e x p e r ie n c e to m e e t i n g t h e s e w a r - t im e r e q u ir e m e n t s s p e e d ily a n d e f f e c t iv e ly . T h e c o m p le t e. CHEMI STRY. 23. c o n c e n t r a t io n of th e C H E M IC O f a c ilit ie s o n t h e n a t io n a l w a r e ffo r t is d e v e lo p in g a s t i l l g r e a t e r e x p e r i e n c e in a c id t e c h n o lo g y w h ic h C H E M IC O e n g in e e r s w ill b e a b le to a p p ly t o a c id r e c o v e r y a n d p r o d u c t io n p r o b le m s o f n e w a s w e ll a s e x is t in g in d u s t r ie s . If y o u r w a r w o r k o r p o s t - w a r p l a n n in g in v o lv e s t h e r e c o v e r y o r p r o d u c t io n o f s u lp h u r ic o r o t h e r a c id , y o u a re in v it e d t o c o n s u lt t h e C H E M IC O o n g in o o r s . T h e ir a d v ic o is o ffe r e d in s t r ic t e s t c o n f id e n c e , w i t h o u t c h a r g e o r o b lig a t io n .. CHEMICAL CO NSTRUCTION CORPORATION 30 R O C K E F E L L E R P L A Z A Cables, Ch'emiconsî, N ew York. •. .. NEW YORK. European Representalives, Cyanamid Products, Borkhnmslod, Horts., England. CHEMICO PLANTS are PROFITABLE INVESTMENTS.

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(26) INDUSTRIAL. AND E N G I N E E R I N G. CHEMI STRY. Vol. 35, No. 8. n s t r u m e n t c o n t r o l o f t e m p e r a t u r e o r p H i n i n d u s t r i a l p r o c e s s i n g is le s s s p e c t a c u l a r |. /. t h a n t h e l o c a t i o n o f e n e m y s u b m a r i n e s o r a i r p l a n e s b y t h e s a m e m e t h o d , b u t i t is j u s t. a s i m p o r t a n t , f o r i t m a k e s u n i f o r m m a s s p r o d u c t i o n p o s s i b le . 1. Do y ro sii higL ALL Ej N K. P o t e n t i o m e t e r s a r e s y n o n y m o u s w ith p r o c e s s i n g a c c u r a c y a n d f o r m o r e t h a n a q u a r t e r c e n t u r y m o s t o f th e s e i n s t r u m e n t s h a v e d e p e n d e d o n E p l a b S t a n d a r d C e lls f o r r e l i a b l e p e r f o r m a n c e . T h e s e c e lls a r e a “ y a r d s t i c k ” f o r t h e t r a n s l a t i o n o f v o lta g e t o t e m p e r a t u r e o r p H . T h e f i r s t c o m m e r c i a l c e lls o f t h e i r ty p e m a d e i n A m e r ic a , t h e y h a v e b e c o m e “ a s s t a n d a r d as s te rlin g ” th r o u g h u n tir in g re s e a rc h .. 3!. Ask fo r Eplab Standard Cells. 2 q. in Y O U R p o t e n t i o m e t e r s .. STA E. 1 1. THE EPPLEY LABORATORY, IN C. 1 2 2. SC IEN TIFIC. 3 C. CAï. IN STR U M E N TS. NEWPORT, RHODE I S L AND, U . S . A .. y A E P L A B " S T A N D A R D " CELLS \xiè. 1/ for Potenîiometric Instruments "As standard as sterling.

(27) August, 1943. INDUSTRIAL. AND E N G I N E E R I N G. CHEMI STRY. 27. NEW WARTIME CATALOG SERVICE ON CRANE PIPING PRODUCTS . . . Show s at a glance all items obtainable and those not being made under Simplification program of National Bureau of Standards. Saves time for piping m aintenance men, specifiers, buyers.. W ith a n in d iv id u a l s e c tio n f o r e a c h c la ss o f p r o d u c t, in n o v a tio n o f th is c a ta lo g s e rv ic e is th a t its p a g e s a re r e p r o d u c tio n s f ro m th e la te s t C r a n e g e n e r a l c a ta lo g , b u t w ith s p e c ia l m a r k in g s in s ta n tly s h o w in g a ll p r o d u c ts e lim in a te d a s w e ll a s th o s e a v a ila b le . N o te w o r th y is th a t C r a n e s till o ffe rs th e b r o a d e s t s e le c tio n o f v alv es a n d fittin g s f o r ev e ry s e rv ic e .. T ’S b a s ic h o m e f r o n t s tr a te g y —s im p lific a tio n o f lin e s . I t is c o n s e r v in g v ita l m a te r ia ls a n d a llo w in g g r e a te r p r o d u c ti o n o f m o s t e s s e n tia l p r o d u c ts . I t e n a b le d C r a n e , f o r e x a m p le , to d o u b le a n d r e - d o u b le th e o u tp u t o f n e c e s s a r y v alv es a n d f ittin g s f o r th e A rm y , N a v y , a n d w a r in d u s tr ie s .. I. B u t to k e e p p r o d u c ti o n lin e s flo w in g , p ip in g m e n m u s t k n o w w h a t e q u ip m e n t is b e in g m a d e a n d w h a t i s n ’t. R e g u la r c a ta lo g s b e c o m e q u ic k ly o b s o le te . S o to save tim e f o r m a in te n a n c e m e n , sp e c ifie rs a n d b u y e r s , a n d m a k e t h e i r jo b s e a s ie r, C r a n e h a s in tr o d u c e d th is n o v e l c a ta lo g in g s e rv ic e o n p ip in g p r o d u c ts u n d e r th e S im p lific a tio n p r o g r a m .. R A N. M o s t p la n ts h a v e th e s e e m e r g e n c y c a ta lo g s . U n d e r p r e s e n t o p e r a tin g c o n d itio n s , th e ir r e g u la r u s a g e o ffe rs m a n y im p o r ta n t b en e fits. Y o u c a n d e p e n d o n th e m f o r th e a c c u ra te s p e c ific a tio n s , a p p lic a tio n a n d o r d e r in g d a ta n e c e s s a ry to k e e p p ip e lin e s f lo w in g f o r V ic to ry . C r a n e C o ., 8 3 6 S. M ic h ig a n A v e., C h ic a g o , 111.. E. V A L V E S.

(28) INDUSTRIAL. O n ly 4 7 % of a s te e r is e d ib le m e a t. T h e r e s t is b o n e s, g r is tle a n d o th e r in e d ib le m a te r ia ls . I n th e p a s t, m e a t h a s b e e n b r o u g h t t o m a r k e t in c a rc a s s fo rm . C o u n tle ss to n s o f in e d ib le b o n e s a n d s u rp lu s f a t h a v e b e e n tr a n s p o r te d c o u n tle s s m ile s ...b v ra ilro a d , s h ip s a n d tru c k s . A n e n o rm o u s w a s te of e n e rg y a n d s h ip p in g space! T o d a y , t o s a v e p re c io u s sh ip p in g sp a c e , m e a t is b e in g s h ip p e d to o u r a rm e d fo rc e s a b r o a d d e -b o n c d a n d. AND E N G I N E E R I N G. Vol. 35, No. 8. CHEMI STRY. d e - f a tte d . T h e sk e le to n s o f th e s te e rs a r e b e in g le f t h o m e. T h e U -b o a ts m a d e th is c h a n g e necessary '. M o d e rn , h ig h -e ffic ie n c y re f rig e r a tio n m a d e i t p o ssib le. S te a k s a n d o th e r d e -b o n e d c u ts of m e a t a r e n o w p re s s e d in to c o m p a c t b lo c k s a n d re f rig e r a te d a t lo w te m p e r a tu re s . D e p e n d a b le re frig e ra tio n e q u ip m e n t h a s b e e n p r o v id e d b y G e n e ra l E le c tr ic fo r th is p u rp o se . T o m e e t u n u s u a l w a r n ee d s, e n o r m o u s s tr id e s h a v e b e e n m a d e in th e. d e v e lo p m e n t of G e n e ra l E le c tric in d u s tr ia l re frig era tio n a n d a ir co n d i tio n in g . E q u ip m e n t is m o re efficien t, m o re c o m p a c t, m o re flex ib le. W h e n th e w a r e n d s , th e s e im p r o v e m e n ts w ill b e a p p lie d to p e a c e tim e u se s a n d m a d e a v a ila b le to all. «£? B U Y ^ ^ R ^ B O ^ D S. .. G e n e r a l E le c tr i c C o m p a n y , A i r C o n d itio n in g a n d C o m m ercia l R e fr ig eration D iv isio n s, S e c tio n 4 3 8 , B lo o m fie ld , N e w J e rse y .. @. o * u U tia * U t. GENERAL Ä ELECTRIC Listen to the General Electric radio programs:"THE HOUR OF CHARM",Sundays,10 P.M., EWT, on N B C ..." T H E WORLD TODAY" News, Weekdays, 6:45 P.M., E W T .o n C B S.