BRITISH CHEMICAL ABSTRACTS
A.-PURE CHEMISTRY
AUGUST, 1933.
G eneral, P h y sica l, and In organ ic C h em istry.
In te n sity of s p e c tra l lines in th e glow d isc h a rg e of “ m o tt le d " hy d ro g en . A. Gu n t h e r-Sch ulze
a n d .H . B e t z (Z. Physik, 1933, 83, 152—163).—A study of the relative intensity of H and Hg lines in highly dried H2 containing traces of Hg. A. B . D . C.
In te n sity ra tio of B a lm e r to P a sc h e n lin e s.
I I . L. S . Or n s t e in and H. C. Bu r g er (Z. Physik, 1933, 8 3 , 177—178).—Earlier results were confirmed (cf. A., 1930, 1073); different sources m ay give
different vals. A. B. D. C.
S pectro scop ic se a rc h fo r H3 in c o n cen trated H 2. G. N. Le w is and F . H . Sp e d d i n g (Physical Rev., 1933, [ii], 4 3 , 964—966).—The proportion of H3 in ordinary H 2, if present at all, m ust be < 1 in 6 X 10®. The relative fine structure resolution of H1 and H2 is shown. N. M. B.
T h e o ry of hyperfm e s tru c tu re . E. Fe r m i and E. Segr e (Z. Physik, 1933, 8 2 , 729—749).—Experi
mentally observed hyperfine structure of Li, Na, Cu, Ga, Rb, Cd, In, Cs, Ba, Au, Hg, Tl, Pb, and Bi is shown to agree in general with the hypothesis of magnetic coupling of nuclear and electron spin, although lesser perturbations due to other phenomena m ay have to be included. A, B. D. C.
A n o m a lo u s d isp e rsio n of lith iu m v a p o u r.
A. N. Fil ip p o v (J. Exp. Theor. Phys., Russia, 1932,
2 , 24—41).—Vais, for the first three doublets agree with those calc, by wave-mechanics. Ch. Abs.
L ong-w ave a rc s p e c tra of a lk a lis a n d alk alin e e a rth s . W. F. Megg ers (Bur. Stand. J . Res., 1933,
1 0 , 669—684).—Using plates sensitised with meso- and xeno-cyanine the arc spectra of alkali metals have been photographed in the region 8500—11,800 A.
and of the alkaline-earth metals in the range 6500—
11,300 A. Almost all lines are accounted for as com binations. of identified spectral terms. A new system of band heads observed with Ca is attributed
toC aO . J .W .S .
E x c ita tio n of b a n d sy ste m s. I. L . S. Or n
s t e in and G. 0 . Lang stro th (Proc. K. Akad.
Wetensch. Amsterdam, 1933, 3 6 , 384—390).—As a preliminary to formulating a. theory of excitation for band systems on assumptions similar to those of the Frank-Condon emission theory the relative intensities of the bands 0 —-> 2 (X 3805), 1 — >- 3 (X 3755), and 2---- >- 4 (X 3710) of the second positive group of N were determined a t electron voltages of range 14—
25 volts. N. M. B.
A b so rp tio n of oxygen in th e u ltra -v io le t. L.
H e r m a n (Compt. rend., 1933, 1 9 6 , 1877—1880).—
The triplets in the 0 2 spectrum between X 2750 and 2400 A. consist of numerous lines made up of several superposed spectra, one of which is clearly a family of vibration-rotation bands, best observed at 5—
25 atm. pressure. I t includes P and R branches.
The initial moment of inertia is 0-9 X 10-40 g.-cm.2
(cf. this vol., 5). C. A. S.
In te n sity v a ria tio n s in som e fluorescence se rie s of so d iu m . W. G. Brown (Z. Physik, 1933,
8 2 , 768—775).—The intensities of Na2 fluorescence series were observed for excitation by the Cd lines a t 4800 and 5086 A., and the results are discussed
theoretically. A. B . D. C.
U nplaced te r m s in th e a lk a lin e -e a rth sp e c tra . H. C. B rinkm an (Z. Physik, 1933, 8 3 , 259—265).—
Russell and Saunders’ x terms in the spectra of Ca, Sr, and B a are classified. A. B . D. C.
Z eem an effect in th e a rc s p e c tru m of nickel.
H. H. Ma r v in and A. E. Bara ga r (Physical Rev., 1933, [ii], 4 3 , 973—979).—D ata for Zeeman patterns for 113 lines in the region X 5500—3000 are tabulated, and g factors for 61 terms are calc. Applicability of the (/-sum rule is discussed. N. M. B .
S ta rk effect in th e k ry p to n sp e c tru m . N. R y d e (Z. Physik, 1933, 8 3 , 354—370). A. B. D. C.
Isotope d isp lacem en t. H. Sc h u l e r . and H.
We st m e y e r (Z. Physik, 1933, 8 2 , 685—689).—The hyperfine structure of Cd II is investigated.
A. B. D. C.
H e a t of disso ciatio n of th e c a d m iu m m olecule fro m th e rm o -o p tic a l m e a s u re m e n ts . H. Ku h n and S. Ar r h e n iu s (Z. Physik, 1933, 8 2 , 716—722).—
The heat of dissociation of Cd, is 2-0±0-5 volts.
A. B. D. C.
M ag n etic q uen chin g of te llu riu m fluorescence.
R. Sm oluchow sk i (Nature, 1933, 1 3 1 , 914).—The magnetic quenching of fluorescence has been estab
lished in th e case of Te. L. S . T.
Q uenching of fluorescence a n d tra n s fe r of energy in iodine v ap o u r. M. A. E ly a sh e v ic h (J.
Exp. Theor. Phys., Russia, 1932, 2 , 59—73).—The fluorescence spectrum of I excited by 5461 A. in presence of H2 shows the transitions w'—26 — >- 25, 24, 27, 28. The collision radius is 6 times > the gas- kinetic val., and in presence of N2 is 7 times greater.
W ith N2, change of rotational energy is shown by a
continuous background. Ch. Abs.
3 E 759
760 BRITISH CHEMICAL ABSTRACTS.— A.
S p e c tru m of b a riu m h y d rid e. A. Schaaesm a (Arch. N orland., 1933, [iiia], 14, 1—52).—An extension of previous work (cf. A., 1932, 104, 315).
Complete wave-lengths, intensities, wave-nos., and classifications of the red and green bands are tabulated.
N. M. B.
S p a rk s p e c tru m of b a riu m . E. Ra s m u s s e n
(Z. Physik, 1933, 83, 404—i l l ) . A. B. D. C.
A no m alies in hyperfine stru c tu re . S. Go u d
smit and R. F. B a c h e r (Physical Rev., 1933, [ii], 43, 894—899).—Deviations from the interval rule in the hyperfine structure of two of the energy states in Hg, and the forbidden line Hg I X 2967-5 and its hyperfine structure, are explained by perturbations.
The hyperfine structure of the 3s 4 / levels in ionised
A1 is corr. N . M. B.
E x c ita tio n function of th e m e rc u ry resonance line 2537. L. S. Or n s t e in, H . Lin d e m a n, and J .
Ol d e m a n (Z. Physik, 1933, 83, 171—176).—The intensity of the line was obtained for each of three sources : (a) direct excitation, (6) excitation of higher levels, and (c) ionisation. A. B. D. C.
P h y sic a l an aly sis of W olf-R ayet s p e c tra . (M iss) C. H. Pa y n e (Proc. Nat. Acad. Sci., 1933,1 9 ,
492—494).—Recent work on the analysis of the spectra of stripped lighter atoms provides the identi
fication of the lines of the W olf-Rayet stars. Atoms indicated are H, He, C, N, 0 , Al, Si, P, and S. The probable min. temp, is 100,000°. N. M. B.
H yperfine s tru c tu re s . H. Sc h u l e r and H.
We st m e y e r (Z. Physik, 1933, 83, 270—274).—
Hyperfine lines observed by several authors are dis
cussed; ghosts appear with Lummer plates giving
erroneous results. A. B. D. C.
H yperfine s tru c tu re s . B . Ve n k a t e sa c h a r (Z.
Physik, 1933, 83, 275-—276; cf. preceding abstract).
A. B. D. C.
H yperfine s tru c tu re a n d th e p o la risa tio n of reso n an ce ra d ia tio n . II. M agnetic d e p o la ris
a tio n a n d th e d e te rm in a tio n of m e a n lives.
A. C. G. Mitch ell (Physical Rev., 1933, [ii], 43, 8S7—893; cf. A., 1932, 891).—Mathematical.
N. M. B.
A b so rp tio n m e a s u re m e n ts a n d o th e r optical in v estig a tio n s of ra d ia tin g su b sta n c e s b y th e in te rm itte n t lig h t m eth o d . F. G. Ho uter m a n s
(Z. Physik, 1933, 83, 19—27).—A photo-cell con
nected to a valve relay th a t responds only to a given frequency m ay be used for absorption measurements of emitting system s; the source for the absorption measurements emits with the given frequency, whilst the steady emission of an excited system produces no effect. A. B. D. C.
E m issio n of lig h t b y a m ix tu re of g a ses a n d vap o u rs in th e p o sitiv e colu m n of a lu m in o u s disch arge. W. Uy t e r h o e v e n, J. Br u y n e s, and
C .Ver b u r g (Compt. rend., 1933,1 9 6 , 1653—1655).—
The compound effect produced by the passage of d.c. through a tube of varying diam. containing several gases or vapours, e.g., Ne and Hg, and en
closing the whole in a ground-glass globe, is obtainable
directly by passing a.c. of 50 ~ through a tube of const, diam. containing a rare gas, Na, and Hg.
C. A. S.
S p e c tru m of the n ig h t sky. J . D u f a y (J. Phys.
Radium, 1933, [vii], 4, 221—235).—D ata are given for the region 3900—6315 A. In the blue and violet a bright band and line spectrum was observed in Sept. and Oct., becoming prominent in Nov., and differing from the polar aurora by the feeble intensity of the N bands, and the presence of bands and lines of unknown origin. Lines 5893 and 6315 A., and new weak lines in the green were observed.
N. M. B.
M easu rem en ts of in ten sity of C om pton m o d i
fied ra d ia tio n by m e a n s of filte rs. E. 0 . Wo llan
(Physical Rev., 1933, [ii], 43, 955—963).—A new method of measuring the intensity ratio of modified to unmodified scattering by gases or solids, using a triple balanced filter, is described. D ata for 0 2, N2, and A and for several solid elements and compounds
are given. N. M. B.
S tru c tu re of K sp e c tru m of very lig h t ato m s.
A. Hautot (Compt. rend., 1933, 196, 1727— 1729).—
Wolfe’s modification of Langer’s scheme (cf. this vol., 332) for calculating the satellites in the K spectrum of K applies satisfactorily to C, N, 0 , and F, but not to B and Be (cf. this vol., 201, 440). C. A. S.
Influence of lattic e type a n d te m p e ra tu re on th e fine s tru c tu re of X -ray ab so rp tio n edges.
II. J . Ve l d k a m p (Z. Physik, 1933, 82, 776—748).—
N i-Fe alloys gave fine structures identical with th at of Ni. Ca gave a structure analogous to Ni and Cu.
The Ni fine structure showed no discontinuity at the Curie point. These observations agree with Kronig’s
theory. A. B. D. C.
X -Ray e m issio n s p e c tra a n d chem ical b in d in g . I I . In v estig a tio n of th e / ia1a2 doublet of ch lo rin e. O. Lu n d q u is t (Z. Physik, 1933, 83, 85—
91).—The doublet separation remained unchanged in all compounds; but although chlorides gave no displacement of the doublet, chlorates gave a shift of 2-19 and perchlorates one of 2-93 X towards shorter wave-lengths. A. B. D. C.
P ro b a b ilitie s of Jt-electron io n isatio n of silv er by cath od e ra y s . D . L. We b st e r, W . W . Ha n s e n,
and F. B. Du v e n e c k (Physical- Rev., 1933, [ii], 43, 839—858).—Ratios of probabilities of K ionisation a t various voltages are found as ratios of corr. K
line intensities. N. M. B.
E x c ita tio n of c h a ra c te ristic X -ray s by can al- r a y collision. C. Ge r t h s e n (Physikal. Z., 1933, 34,478—482).—Experiments arc described indicating the excitation of the K radiation of Al and Mg, and the L radiation of Se by protons of energy 30—150 kv.
A. J . M.
Io n isa tio n of a ir a n d h y d ro g en in h ig h -fre
quency d isch arg e. T. V. Io n e s c u and (Mm e.) I.
Mih u l (Compt. rend., 1933, 196, 1873—1875; cf.
this vol., 548).—Appearances are described in a tube 1 m. x 4 cm., with external electrodes connected with an oscillator and subjected to a magnetic field parallel to the tube. Ionisation is plotted against strength of magnetic field for pressures of H2 and of air of
0-001, 0-1, and 0-2 mm. Hg. The phenomena are explained by variation with pressure of the no. and arrangement of electrons associated with mols., their period of vibration, and resonance. C. A. S.
D isso ciatio n of excited d iato m ic m o lecules by e x te rn a l p e rtu rb a tio n s . C. Ze u e r (Proc. Roy.
Soc., 1933, A , 1 4 0 , 660—668).—Mathematical.
Electric fields of 20,000 volts cm.-1 have a marked dissociating effect on excited states which arc crossed by appropriate repulsive states. All types of trans
itions are readily induced by collisions. L. L. B.
Io n isa tio n of in e r t g a se s b y X -ray s. W. Wil-
h e l m y (Z. Physik, 1933, 8 3 , 341—350).—The mean energy per ion pair produced is 27 electron volts for Ne and 24-6 for A ; the vals. are independent of the ionising wave-length. A. B. D. C.
P o ssib le c o m m o n cause of su b -electro nic d is c h a rg e s a n d electro p h o to p h o resis. K . Sitte (Physikal. Z., 1933, 34, 473—478).—I t is suggested th a t elementary discharges involving small particles may be satisfactorily explained if it is assumed th a t th e particles are surrounded by a space-charge cloud of electrons, gaseous ions, or perhaps ions of the material itself, which increases their mobility, and leads to false vals. for their charge. The hypothesis provides an explanation of electrophotophoresis and the effects associated with it. A. J. M.
J . D. M. Sm ith (Chem.
D. R. D.
E le c tro n -n e b u la ra tio . and Ind., 1933, 364—365).
T h eo ry of th e e le c tro n m icro sco p e. W . Gl a se r
(Z. Physik, 1933, 8 3 , 104^122). A. B. D. C.
Im a g e s o b tain ed in th e electron m icro sco p e of foils tra n s m ittin g th e electro n s. B . v o n Bo rries
and E. Ru s k a (Z. Physik, 1933, 8 3 , 187—193).—
Images obtained include absorption, velocity loss, and diffusion of the electrons while passing through
the foil. A. B. D. C.
G as co n cen tratio n of electro n b e a m s . O.
Sch erzer (Z. Physik, 1933, 8 2 , 697—708).—
Theoretical. A. B. D. C.
E le ctro n re le a se in cathode sp o ts of a n a rc d isc h a rg e. F. Lu d i (Z. Physik, 1933, 8 2 , 815—
S32).—Current theories fail to explain the release of electrons from cathode spots, and an attem pt is made to explain it by collisions of the second kind of multiply-charged positive ions. A. B. D. C.
E la stic electro n sc a tte rin g in neon. A. L.
Hu g h e s and J. H . McMil l e n (Physical Rev., 1933, [ii], 4 3 , 875—882).—The angle distribution of electrons of energies 10—800 volts scattered by Ne atoms was measured for the range 7—150°. The elastic cross section calc, from the scattering coeffs. for the voltage range is compared with direct absorption measure
ments. Formula} for the scattering curves are
discovered. N. M. B.
F in e s tr u c tu r e of electron d iffractio n b e a m s fro m a g o ld c ry s ta l a n d fro m a silv e r film on a go ld c ry s ta l. H. E. Fa r n sw o r t h (Physical Rev., 1933, [ii], 4 3 , 900—906; cf. A., 1932, 789).—Differ
ences in the positions, structure, and relative inten
sities of the. corresponding beams from Ag and Au crystals were found. Results for a thin Ag film on
a Au crystal are, in general, similar to those for a single Ag crystal. Since no beams characteristic of a surface gas lattice on the Au were observed, the gas layer must bo non-cryst. N. M. B.
A pplication of electro n diffractio n to detec
tio n of im p u ritie s in c a n al ra y s . H. Ra e t h e r
(Physikal. Z., 1933, 3 4 , 492—493).—The presence of C in canal rays in an experiment was proved by this
method. A. J . M.
S econdary e m issio n of electro n s fro m m e ta ls . P. L. Co pe la n d (Proc. Iowa Acad. Sci., 1931, 3 8 ,
215). Ch. Abs.
Collision of slow electro n s w ith a to m s . III.
E x c ita tio n a n d io n isatio n of h e liu m by electro ns of m o d e ra te velocity. H. S. W. Ma s se y and C. B. 0 . Mohr (Proc. Roy. Soc., 1933, A, 1 4 0 , 613—
636).—The range of validity of Born’s method of approximation has been determined by extending the calculations to higher velocities of impact (up to 400 volts) (cf. A., 1931, 403). Ionising collisions are also considered. The comparison of calc, and ob
served results is discussed, and Born’s approximation is found to be valid for electrons with energies > 200
volts. L. L. B.
E le c tro n p o la risa tio n . R. Wh id d in g t o n
(Nature, 1933, 1 3 1 , 908).—Magnetic spectra of 300- volt electrons making inelastic impacts in He are reproduced. They suggest th at inelastically scattered electrons from He are polarised. L. S. T.
P o la ris a tio n of th e lig h t e m itte d fro m th e p a rtic le s in m o v em e n t an d a t r e s t in th e can al ra y s of h y d ro g en . W. A. Lu b (Arch. Neerland., 1933, [iiia], 1 4 ,118—164).—-The polarisation measured previously is due principally to the particles in move
ment, but the light emitted by stationary particles is also polarised. The polarisation decreases with in
crease in velocity of the positive rays. Besides the indirect influence exercised by the accelerating poten
tial on the ratio between the intensities of the radi
ation from the particles in movement and from those at rest, the ratio between light polarised parallel and th at polarised perpendicular is also changed.
J . W. S.
Recoil a to m s in g aseo u s m e d ia : electronic affinity. L. Go l d s t e in (Compt. rend., 1933, 196, 1792—1793).—The conclusion th a t the electron affinity of the gaseous medium influences the yield of activation at a cathode (cf. A., 1931, 889) is con
firmed by determining the yields for a m ixture of He and 02 containing 0-1% 02 at pressures of 51—
253 mm. Hg and of mixtures of Ne and 02 at 440 mm., the partial pressure of 02 varying from 0 to 0-5. The variations are attributed to the probability of an ionised recoil atom capturing one or more electrons, and so becoming neutralised, being less the greater is the electronic affinity of the gaseous medium.
C. A. S.
A t. w t. of te llu riu m . A naly sis of te llu riu m te tra b ro m id e . O. Ho n ig sc h m id, R. Sa c h t l e b e n,
and K. Win t e r sb e r g e r (Z. anorg. Chem., 1933, 2 1 2 ,
242—256).—From the ratios TeBr4 : 4Ag : 4AgBr the val. Te=127-61 (Ag=107-880), with a mean deviation of 0-01, has been found. F. L. U.
762 BRITISH CHEMICAL ABSTRACTS.----A.
A t. w t. of y tte rb iu m . A nalysis of y tte rb iu m tric h lo rid e . 0 . Ho nig sc h m id and H. St r ie b e l (Z.
anorg. Chem., 1933, 212, 385—392).—Determination of the ratio YbCI3 : 3Ag : 3AgCl gives Yb=173-04 (Ag=107-8S0, Cl=35-457). Anhyd. YhCl3 has d
3-781. F. L. U.
Iso to p ic c o n stitu tio n a n d a t. w t. of lead fro m d ifferent so u rces. F . W . Aston (Proc.
Roy. Soc., 1933, A, 140, 535—543; cf. A., 1932, 554).—Ordinary Pb and seven specimens of radiogenic Pb have been analysed with the mass-spectrograph by means of their volatile Mo compounds, and the abundance of their isotopes has been estimated by means of photometry. Corrections have been made for the presenco of small quantities of hydride. No isotopes other th an 206, 207, and 208 were found.
The abnormally low val. reported for Pb from Great Bear Lake has not been supported. L. L. B.
R ad ioactivity of s a m a r iu m . G. v o n He v e s y, M. Pa h l, and R. Ho sem a nn (Z. P liy sik , 1933, 83, 43—54).—a-Rays of sh ort range w ere d etected .
A. B. D. C.
M e so th o riu m I I ; elem en t 87. G. GuIsben
(Ann. Soc. Sci. Bruxelles, 1933, B, 53, 115— 118;
cf. A., 1932, 707).—Ms I I gives an a-particle of range 3-03 cm. at 15°, and forms an isotope of element 87.
H. J. E.
a-R ad iatio n of ra d io th o riu m a n d its d e riv ativ es, S. Ro se n b l u m and (Ml l e.) C. Ch am i!) (Compt. rend., 1933, 196, 1663—1664; cf. A., 1932, 555).—By working with a prep, free from Po it is shown th a t the weak ray <xx 1-594(2) probably be
longs to Po. Redetermination of the rays of Rd-Th, Tn, Th-X, and T lw l gave results in close agreement with recent determinations (cf. this vol., 443).
0. A. S.
D e te rm in a tio n of th e sto p p in g p o w er of g ases fo r a-p articles of v a rio u s speed s by th e sc in til
la tio n m e th o d . W. Mu n d and P. C. Ca t r o n (Bull.
Soc. chim. Belg., 1933, 42, 163—171).—The stopping powers of H ,, NH3, and H 2S for a-particles of ranges (in air) of from 0 to 4-54 cm. vary from 0-206 to 0-265, 0-767 to 0-963, and 1-093 to 1-117, respectively,
according to speed. H. F. G.
Io n isa tio n p ro d u ced by a-p a rtic le s p a ssin g th ro u g h th e th in w a lls of a s m a ll sp h e re . P. C.
Ca pr o n and G. Rogmans (Bull. Soc. chim. Belg., 1933, 42, 172—175).—A method of calculation is given, based on Bragg’s data, which obviates errors introduced by the use of Geiger’s law. H. F. G.
N u c le ar diffusion of y -ra y s . R . St a h e l and H. Ke t e l a a r (Compt. rend., 1933, 196, 1664—
1666).-—y-Radiation from R a fell on thick and thin screens of Pb, Fe, Sn, and A1 and the radiation dif
fused in directions of 80—135° was measured. This consists in varying proportions of radiation due to the Compton effect (a), and radiation of nuclear origin (6). Thick and thin screens give respectively a max. of diffused radiation rich in hard components, and radiation approx. unaltered in composition. A thick screen of Pb gives 65% of (b). Fe and Sn yield smaller proportions of (b) ; A1 gives only (a). W ith thin screens Pb gives the components of (6); results
with A1 agree with the Klein-Nishina formula.
Deductions as to the coeff. of photo-electric absorption agree with other results (cf. A., 1931, 1346; 1932,
671, 791). C. A. S.
A b so rp tio n effects of y -ray s. G. Gu e b e n and L. He rm a ns (Compt. rend., 1933, 196, 1789—
1791).—y-Rays from R a after passing through 5 cm.
Pb were passed through varying thickness of Pb, Al, or Pb and Al together, and the absorption was measured. Comparing electronically equiv. thick
nesses, the additional metal, if > 0-1 cm. thick, caused an increase in ionisation (for Al < for Pb), followed, with increasing thicknesses, by a more rapid decrease than in the absence of such addition, but always tend
ing to the same limit. The behaviour resembles th at of cosmic radiation (cf. A., 1932, 5). C. A. S.
E x c ita tio n of positive electro ns by y -rays fro m th o riu m -C " . L. Me it n e r and K. Ph il ipp (Naturwiss., 1933, 21, 468).—Positive electrons were produced by the interaction of hard y-rays on the
at. nucleus of Pb. A. J . M.
S econ dary effects in io n isatio n by h a rd y- ra y s . E. J . Wo rk m an (Physical Rev., 1933, [ii], 43, 859—870).—The dependence of the ionisation produced in a counting chamber by y-rays on the at.
nature and thickness of the chamber walls, and on the nature, amount, and distribution of m atter in the neighbourhood of the chamber was investigated with regard to the secondary (3-particles (the effective ionising agencies), and the effects of nuclear scattering
of the ¡3-particles. N. M. B.
P o sitiv e electro ns of tra n s m u ta tio n . (Mm e.)
I. Cu r ie and F. Joliot (Compt. rend., 1933, 196, 1885—1887 ; cf. this vol., 658).—When a-particles from Po fall on Al, positive electrons are emitted, equally backwards or forwards, but none when such particles fall on Ag, Li, or paraffin. Such positive electrons have as a rule an energy < 1-6x10° ev., but a few have 2—3 X106 ev. The energy of the negative electrons from Al and other radiators is usually
< 0-7 X 10® ev., and such electrons are probably to be ascribed to the y-radiation of Po. The emission of positive electrons may be due to the emission under the action of the a-particles of a neutron and positive
electron separately. C. A S.
P ro to n e m issio n fro m a lu m in iu m ex cited by a-ray s fro m ra d iu m -C an d th o riu m -C . 0 . Ha x e l
(Z. P h y sik , 1933, 83, 323—337). A. B. D. C.
N eu tro n , p ro to n , an d p o sitro n . N. Th o n
(Nature, 1933, 131, 878).—If the neutron (I) is a proton (II)-¡-electron, then H atoms should show a strong tendency to change spontaneously into (I) and the no. of'(I) in the universe ought to be much > is generally assumed. (II) should be regarded as (I)+
positron (III), and (I) as an elementary material corpuscle without electric charges. (II) could then dissociate into (I)+ (III). The small no. of (I) and (III) in the universe would then be explained by the fact th a t the dissociation of (II) requires a large quan
tity of energy and is not spontaneous. L. S. T.
Io n isa tio n of g ases by n e u tro n s. T. W. Bo n n e r
(Physical Rev., 1933, [iij, 43, 871—874).—The ionis-
ation currents produced in H 2, He, N2, CH4, C2H 2, and A by the neutrons from Be were measured for the gas pressure range 5—80 atm ., and the relative diameters of at. nuclei were calc, therefrom. Pres- sure-ionisation curves for neutrons differ from those
for y-rays. N. M. B.
S c a tte rin g of n e u tro n s by p ro to n s. E. Wig n e r (Z. Phvsik, 1933, 83, 253—258).—Theoretical.
A. B. D. C.
In v estig a tio n of co sm ic ra y s in th e W ilson c h a m b e r. P. Ku n z e (Z. Physik, 1933,83,1—18).—
Paths due to cosmic rays and their bursts under a magnetic field in Wilson chambers are discussed in relation to curvature, ionisation, and distribution in space. Observed multiple paths may be due to secondary electrons from solid walls, to nuclear explosions, or to double collisions. A. B. D. C.
S econ dary effects of cosm ic ra y s . E. Funfer
(Z. Physik, 1933, 83, 92—103).—Range and absorp
tion coeffs. were determined for secondary radiation excited by cosmic rays in Pb, Ee, and Al.
A. B. D. C.
A naly sis of a b so rp tio n curve of cosm ic ra y s . E. Le n z (Z. Physik, 1933, 83, 194—213).—A method for obtaining the components of cosmic rays from absorption curves is developed. Five components are deduced from known data. A. B. D. C.
A b so rp tio n of cosm ic ra y s . B. Gross (Z.
Physik, 1933, 83, 214—221).—A method is given for deducing radiation incident in one direction from th a t incident in all directions. A. B. D . C.
S ta tis tic a l averag es for p e rtu rb e d sy ste m s.
R. Se r b e r (Physical Rev., 1933, [ii], 43, 1011—
1021).—Mathematical. N. M. B.
A tom ic d ista n c es fo r closest p a c k in g . B. N.
Se n (Z. anorg. Chem., 1933, 212, 410—414).—Interat.
distances calc, for 11 elements by the formula D — P /V d Kln (P= parachor, V =ionisation potential, d = at. diameter, n —valency, i f =1-58) agree with observ
ations. F. L. U.
S p e c tru m of th e OH m olecule : a n ew (2,2) b a n d ; sa te llite se rie s in X 3122 ; A-type doubling a n d electro nic s p in do u blin g. D . H. Da w so n
and H. E. Jo h nsto n (Physical Rev., 1933, [ii], 43, 9S0—991; cf. this vol., 445).—Approx. 400 lines of the (0,0) and (l',0") bands were observed; data are given for 120 new lines, all but 18 being assigned.
A new (2,2) band with its principal head a t X 3185 is assigned. The E and satellite branches of the
X 3122 band, the JR branches of the X 2875 band, and extensions of the XX 3064, 2811, and 2875 bands are given. A and spin doublets are obtained.
N. M. B.
E x c ita tio n p o te n tia l of th e X 2883 a n d 2895 b a n d s of c a rb o n dioxide. A. S. Roy and O. S.
Du f f e n d a c k (Proc. N at. Acad. Sci., 1933, 19, 497—
503).—Excitation of the C02 emission spectrum in presence of excess of 02 and a trace of CO or C shows th a t the X 2883 and 2895 bands are due to the C02+
ion, with excitation potential approx. 18-7 volts, and th a t the rest of the spectrum is due to the neutral
mol. N. M. B.
H y d rogen isotope efleet in th e O H b a n d s.
H. L. Jo h nsto n and D . H. Daw so n (Naturwiss., 1933, 21, 495—496).—Using a sample of H 20 d 1-035, photographs of the emission bands of the isotope mol.
016H2 were obtained. The observed isotopic dis
placements of the principal edges of the bands are compared with the calc. vals. A. J . M.
U ltra-v io let a b so rp tio n sp e c tru m of ozone a n d s tru c tu re of th e ozone m olecule. V. Ko n d r a t ie v
and A . Jakovleva(J . Exp. Thcor. Phys., Russia, 1932, 2, 50—58).—75 bands (29,000—33,000 cm.-1) are represented by v=29404-f-335-5(u1'-(-1/2)—7-5(v1'+
l/2 )2+ 5 9 (tV + l/2 )—4 3 3 (V '+ l/2 ). The term 433 cm.“1 is due to transverse vibrations of the 0 3 mol.
and is linear in form. In the region 33,000—42,000 cm.-1 a set of diffuse bands with separation 300 cm.-1
was found. Ch. Ab s.
U ltra-v io let a b so rp tio n of benzene d eriv ativ es.
I I . K. L. Wolf and 0 . St r a sse r (Z. physikal.
Chem., 1933, B, 21, 389—409; cf. A., 1931, 996).—
The absorption curves of di- and tri-substituted derivatives in various solvents have been obtained.
For solutions in heptane the influence of each sub
stituent in the solute mol. on the position of the absorption bands is smaller th an in the mono-sub
stituted compound. This mutual interaction of two substituents is the greater the smaller is the distance between them and the stronger their polarity. The influence of OH on Me in the p-position is about the same as th a t of Me on Me in the o-position. A third substituent group weakens the interaction of the other two, particularly if it is between two groups in the m-position to each other. Dipole moments of nitriles and carbylamines and Raman frequencies of PhCN have been determined. R. C.
E ffect of au x o ch ro m es. M. Horio (Mem. Coll.
Eng. Kyoto, 1933, 7, 177—248).—Analysis of the absorption spectra of CHPh;CH2, CPli-CH, and P hE t shows the frequency of vibration to be little influenced by the introduction of the substituent, but the strongest series of bands is displaced towards the red, the effect being in the order, •CECCH2, -C:CH, E t. The spectra of the vapours of PhOH and PhOMe are similar.
Comparison of these spectra and th a t of NH2Ph with those of o-, m-, and £>-C6H,1Me-NH2 and o- and p- OMe-CGH4-NH2 shows th a t the effect of two sub
stituents is not the simple sum of their individual
actions. H . W .
C h a ra cte ristic oscillations of ozone in th e ra n g e 9—20 ¡x. G. He t t n e r, R. Po el m a n, and
H . J . Schum acher (Naturwiss., 1933, 21, 467).—In addition to the previously known band at 9-7 ¡a two absorption max. were noted at 13-9 and 14-6 ¡x, the former corresponding roughly with th at predicted by Benedict at 13-2 (x. There was, however, no trace of the Gerhard band a t 18-9 fx. The new band appears to be double with absorption min. a t 14-2 ¡x.
A. J . M.
In fra -re d ab so rp tio n b a n d s of acetylene.
G. B. B. M. Su t h er la n d (Physical Rev., 1933, [ii], 43, 883—886).—A new arrangement of the complete infra-red spectrum of C2H 2 is given, in accord with
the selection rules. N. M. B.
764 BRITISH CHEMICAL ABSTRACTS.----A.
Inv estig atio n s in th e in fra -re d reg io n of th e sp e c tru m . V III. A pplication of th e g ra tin g sp e c tro m e te r to c e rta in b a n d s in th e sp e ctra of tria to m ic m o lecu les (su lp h u r dioxide a n d carb o n d isu lp hid e). C. R. Ba il e y and A. B . D. Ca ssie (Proc. Roy. Soc., 1933, A, 140, 605—612; cf. A., 1932, 444, 1075).—Reinvestigation of the S 02 bands at 4-01 and 4-37 n, using a grating spectrometer, shows th at the mol. is triangular, 'with a vertical angle of 120°. Exploration of the CS2 band at 4-61 ¡j.
confirms the previously determined separation for the P and R branches. L. L. B.
In fr a -r e d a b s o rp tio n of benzene in th e liquid, so lid , a n d v a p o u r sta te s. C. E. Le b e r k n ig h t
(Physical Rev., 1933, [ii], 43, 967—972).—The 2-19, 2-46, and 3-25 ¡x bands were investigated with high resolving power. Solid absorption was approx. the same as th a t of the liquid, with slight shift to longer wave-lengths. The 3-25 and 2-46 p. bands shifted 13 A., and the 2-19 ¡j. band 20 A. approx. Differences from the liquid were shown by vapour. The 3-25 [j.
region had two strong bands, each showing evidence of three components. Interpretation of the three components as the envelopes of the vibration rotation bands gave the val. 14X10-39 g.-cm.2for the moment of inertia of the C6H6 mol. The 2-46 a region showed a doublet for the vapour, and a single strong band
for the liquid. N. M. B.
Dependence of R a m a n ra d ia tio n fro m q u a rtz on th e frequency of th e ex citin g ra d ia tio n . L. S. Or n s t e in, J. J. We n t, and A . H. W . At e n, jun.
(Z. Physik, 1933, 82, 750—753).—The v4 law appears
to hold. A . B. D. 0.
R a m a n effect of aqueous n itra te solutions.
P. Gr a ssm a n n (Z. Physik, 1933, 82, 765—766).—The 1048 cm.-1 line was observed under high dispersion and showed no fine structure. A . B. D. C.
A p p lication of th e R a m a n effect to th e in v estig a tio n of m o le c u la r c o n stitu tio n in o rg an ic chem is try . I. A liph atic diketo n es a n d reso rc in o l.
T. Ha y a sh i (Sci. Papers Inst. Phys. Chem. Res.
Tokyo, 1933, 21, 69—79).—The Raman spectrum of Ac2 suggests th a t there is an equilibrium COMe-COMe gMelgMe (c{ j C g ; 1906; 89j 497) Liquid CH2Ac2 and (•CH2Ac)2 are equilibrium mixtures of keto and enol forms. Evidence is advanced for the existence of the diketo-form (A5-Cf/C?0hexene-1 : 3- dione) in a solution of ra-CfiH,(OH), in MeOH.
D. R. D.
W id th of th e 992 c m."1 benzene R a m a n line.
P. Gr a ssm a n n (Z. Physik, 1933, 82, 767).—Under high dispersion this line shows no fine structure, and has a half width of 3-6 cm.-1 A. B. D. C.
S tru c tu re of th e p rin c ip a l R a m a n line of benzene. L. Bloch and E. Bloch (Compt. rend., 1933, 196, 1787—1788).—The Ram an line 992 cm.-1 of CGH6 is accompanied by four satellites, for which Av is H-13-7, +8-4, —6-8, and —13-8, with perhaps
a fifth with Av +3-1 (cf. A., 1932,109). C. A. S.
Effect of dissolved m e ta llic p e rc h lo ra te s on th e R a m a n freq uencies of alco ho ls. J . Go u b e a u
(Naturwiss., 1933, 21, 468).—LiC104 dissolved in
MeOH or EtOH causes decrease in the lowest, and increase in the higher, frequencies. The band at 1050 cm.-1 of higher alcohols is lowered by addition of perchlorates. If the oscillating masses in the pure alcohol and solution are the same, and there is no difference in the coupling of atoms and mols., addition of perchlorate to MeOH m ust cause a weakening of the C -0 linking by about 2%, and a strengthening of the C-H linking by about 1%. In EtO H similar effects take place, and the C-C linking is not appre
ciably altered. The frequency of the dissolved perchlorate depends on concn. A. J . M.
P hoto-electric m e a su re m e n t of p en e tratio n of lig h t of v a rio u s w ave-lengths into th e sea, an d th e physiological b e a rin g of th e re s u lts . W. R. G.
At k in s and H. H. Poole.—See this vol., 757.
E m issio n of ra d ia tio n in chem ical reactio n s.
R. Au d u b e r t and Va n Doormaal (Compt. rend., 1933, 196, 1883—1885).—Using a modified Geiger- Müller counter with photo-cathodes of Cul. Cu20 , CuO, Cu, or A1 in air or N2 at 0T—27 mm. Hg and 900 volts, the comparative nos. of photons emitted in 20-min. periods in the dark and in presence of the reaction in the following reactions are respectively : oxidation of hyposulphite, 40, 70; of pyrogallol, 20, 60 (cf. A ., 1932, 966); of EtO H by Cr03, 6, 80;
of Ta (anodic), 20, 150; of Si (anodic), 25, 75;
decomp, of H 20 by H g+M g 6, 30. Emission of photons was also observed during the anodic oxidation of A1 and Mg; of H 20 by H g + N a or K, and slow oxidation of P. The emission m ay be due to the return to normal of some of the activated mols.
C. A. S.
C o rrelatio n of fluorescence s p e c tra w ith chem ical s tru c tu re of so m e n ap h th alen e derivatives.
A. J. Al l e n, (Mi s s) R. Fr a n k l in, and (M iss) E.
McDonald (J. Franklin Inst., 1933, 215, 705—722).
—Investigation of fluorescence spectra of C10H8 and 10 of its sulphonic acids and salts, C10H 7-OH and 10 of its compounds, and C10H /N H2 and 10 of its acids and salts shows a definite relation between their chemical constitution and fluorescence and absorption.
The substances vary in intensity and region in which they fluoresce; change of a radical from an a to a ß position results in a shift in wave-length of,the max.
intensity. The quality of fluorescence is approx.
independent of the source of excitation, concn., and the presence of traces of impurities. N. M. B .
P hoto-effect in cu p rite c ry s ta ls . An n a Jofeeand
A . J o ir i; (Z. Physik, 1933, 82, 754—758).—Photo- e.m.f. and inner photo-effect were investigated for cuprite crystals and gave results in disagreement with theory. Illumination a t one electrode gave great asymmetry of current, and above 1000 volts per cm. illumination with white or red light gave a current diminution of 30%. A . B . D. C.
E lectronic conductivity of th e copper oxides.
M. l e Bl anc, H. Sa c h se, and H. Schopel (Ann.
Physik, 1933, [v], 17, 334—344; cf. A., 1931, 785;
1932, 8).—The conductivity of Cu20 depends to a great extent on its purity. Vais, are given for the sp. conductivity of Cu20 and CuO in various states of division; for both it is greatly increased through
absorption of 0 2. Both oxides are to be regarded as typical semi-conductors with positive temp, eoeffs.
A. J. M.
O ptical ab so rp tio n a t photo-electric d u a l selective surface lay ers. W. Kl u g e (Physikal.
Z., 1933, 34, 465—472).—Determinations with a simple photo-electric cell arranged for measuring the absorption of layers with a dual selective action are described and discussed. A. J. M.
T h eo ry of electronic sem i-co n du cto rs, a n d th e ir p o ssib le p ro p e rtie s. R. H. F o w l e r (Proc.
Roy. Soc„ 1933, A, 140, 505—522).
Influence of m o is tu re on th e break d o w n s tre n g th of in su la to rs . E. Hit p a u f (Z. Physik, 1933, 82, 803—814). A. B. D. C.
S u scep tib ility a n d electrical conductivity of C u-M n alloys. S. Va l e n t in e r and G. Bec k er
(Z. Physik, 1933, 82, 833).—Correction of earlier paper (this vol., 449). A. B. D. C.
E le ctric a l s tr u c tu r e of c ry sta ls of Rochelle s a lt w ith a d m ix tu re of so d iu m ru b id iu m t a r t r a te s a n d so d iu m th a lliu m ta r tra te s . M. A.
E r e m e e v , P. P. K o b e k o , B. V. K u r c h a t o v , and I. V.
K u r c h a t o v (J. Exp. Theor. Phys., Russia, 1932, 2, 102—107).—Equimol. concns. of NaXC4H406,4H20 (X = R b or Tl) lower the dielectric const, of Na K tartra te to the same extent (e.g., 10,000 to 50 by 5%
at 0°) at all temp. Ch. Abs.
D ielectric c o n sta n t of liq u id iodine. A. Ja g iel-
s k i (Bull. Acad. Polonaise, 1932, A, 327—335).
—Vais, from 11-08 at 118-1° to 12-98 at 167-7°, with a mean error of 2%, have been obtained. F. L. U.
D ielectric p o la risa tio n of liq u id ph o sp h o ru s.
S. Do b in s k i (Z. Physik, 1933, 83, 129—138).—
Dielectric const, and density were determined be
tween 40° and 80°. The dielectric const, shows a discontinuity at 48-6°, indicating a transition point between two phases. P has zero dipole moment in
these phases. A. B. D. C.
E le c tric dipole m o m e n ts of nickel carbonyl, di-iodoacetylene, d ieth yl sulphide, dieth y lsul- phone, a n d decalin. L. E. Su t t o n, R. G. A. Ne w,
and J. B . Be n t l e y (J.C.S., 1933, 652—658; cf. A., 1932, 1077).—The moments found were (0-3), (0-3), 1-61,4-41, and 0-0 X 10~18 e.s.u., respectively. Ni(CO)4 and C2I2 have a symmetrical structure, which is dis
cussed. Vais, for E t2S and E t2S 02 support Sutton’s ride, connecting moments of groups with their orienting power in the CGH6 ring (A., 1931, 1354).
The zero moment of C10H18 supports the general
isation th a t all strainless cyclic paraffins are non
polar. H. J. E.
O rien ta tio n s of m olecules of p e rm a n e n t m o m e n t in a n a lte rn a tin g field : application to d isp e rsio n of th e dielectric c o n sta n t a n d th e K e rr effect. Y. Rocard (J. Phys. Radium, 1933, [vii], 4, 247—250).—Mathematical. A distribution function is obtained, and from it are deduced a theory of dispersion in the Hertzian region and a theory of the K err effect in alternating fields. N. M. B.
D isp ersio n of g ases a n d v ap o u rs a n d its re p re se n ta tio n by th e d isp ersio n th eo ry . IV.
D isp ersion of m e rc u ry betw een 2800 an d 1890
A.
a n d th e life p erio d of th e H g 7 p l p 1 sta te . G.
W o l f s o h n (Z. Physik, 1933, 83, 234—246).—This life period is given as 1-30 XlO -9 (cf. A., 1930, 1239).
A. B. D. C.
R efraction a n d disp ersio n of c ry sta ls. VI.
W id th of a b so rp tio n b a n d a n d d isp ersio n of p o ta s s iu m chlo rid e. V II. R epresen tatio n of course of d isp e rsio n in visible a n d u ltra-v io let.
P. Wu l f f (Z. physikal. Chem., 1933, B, 21, 353—367, 368—381; cf. A., 1931, 455).—VI. The effect of damping on the vals. of <f>—(ni — l)/(?i2+ 2) for KC1 in the ultra-violet is small, but a simplified dispersion formula neglecting damping represents the course of the dispersion in the far ultra-violet only with an error of at least 1% of tf>. Owing to damping, the frequency of the absorption max. is about 1% > if the absorption band were of infinitesimal width.
VII. A graphical method of extrapolating dis
persion data to give characteristic frequencies and probabilities of transition for a two-term dispersion formula and a numerical method of checking the extrapolation are described. Mol. refraction vals.
derived in this way for K d deviate by at most 0-25% from the observed vals. R. C.
Refractive in d e x . I, II. A. M. Taylorand A. M.
Glov er (J. Opt. Soc. Amer., 1933, 23, 206—211, 211—215).—I. Four methods for measuring the refractive index of strongly absorbing liquids are described; (a) and (b) depend on determination of the crit. angle of reflexion of monochromatic light at a glass-liquid interface; (c) white light is reflected at angles near the crit. angle and allowed to enter a spectrograph; peaks in the microdensitometer records of the resulting spectrograms correspond with max.
of the refractive index; (d) the transm itted light is examined visually in a spectroscope.
II. Application to saturated aq. KM n04 gave a dispersion curve with a strong anomaly around 5473
A.,
the band being attributed to the fundamental frequency of an electronic transition in the Mn atom, and a series of minor anomalies corresponding with the banded structure of the absorption spectrum.N. M. B.
T h e rm a l v a ria tio n of a b n o rm a l m a g n e tic b i
refringence. R . Lucas (Compt. rend., 1933, 196, 1657—1659; cf. this vol., 448).—Mathematical sup
port on the lines of th a t for similar variation in ordinary rotatory power (cf. A., 1928, 461) is given to the view th a t such variation is due to the presence of two or more isomerides of the substance concerned.
C. A. S.
P a ra m a g n e tis m a n d m a g n e tic birefringence of g aseous o r liq u id oxygen. L. Go l d st e in and Y. Rocard (Compt. rend., 1933, 196, 1722—1724).
—The paramagnetism and magnetic birefringence of liquid and gaseous 0 2 and their variations with temp, are satisfactorily explained by Kramers’ theory regarding the multiplicity of the normal 32-state of the 02 mol. (cf. A., 1929, 623). C. A. S.
C ircu lar m ag n etic d ich ro ism of aqueous solu
tio n s of co balt su lph ate a n d n itra te . M. Sch e r e r and R . Co r d o n n ie r (Compt. rend., 1933,196,1724—
1727 ; cf. this vol., 10).—W ith aq. CoS04 of dP 1-117
760 BRITISH CHEMICAL ABSTRACTS.— A.
and d16 1-27, and aq. Co(N03)2 of d19 1-158 dichroism curves similar to th a t of CoCl2 were obtained, showing the dichroism to depend solely on the [Co"’]. Both salts exhibit negative rotation for small and large X in the visible spectrum, th a t for small X being the stronger, with two points of inflexion in the magnetic rotation dispersion curve, indicating more complex structure of the bands of these salts than of the chloride (cf. A., 1930, 668). C. A. S.
D ep o larisatio n , o p tical an iso tro p y , a n d the K e rr efiect. R. Se r b e r (Physical Rev., 1933, [ii], 43, 1003—1010).—Mathematical. N. M. B.
In te rm e d ia te s ta te s of ag g re g a tio n . H. Zo cher
and M. Jacobowttz (Kolloid-Beih., 1933, 37, 427—
464).—The substances which were obtained by Perrin (A., 1930, 687) in a lamellar form of the thick
ness of a wave-length of light can be obtained in the smectic state under different conditions of temp, and concn. A no. of compounds, mainly K or Na salts of org. acids, which have been obtained in this state are listed, and their optical properties are described.
E. S. H.
V ib ratio n al s tru c tu re of electron tra n s itio n s in p oly ato m ic m olecules. 6. Herzberg and E.
Te ll e r (Z. physikal. Chem., 1933, B, 21, 410—446).
—Selection rules for the vibrational quantum nos. in electron transitions of polyat. mois, are derived.
From the Franck-Condon principle it follows as a first approximation th a t in absorption starting from the vibrationlcss ground state those bands are strong m which only totally symmetrical vibrations are excited. Assuming the probability of electron tran s
ition to be independent of the position of the nucleus, the selection rule for the faintly appearing transitions in which quantum nos. of vibrations not totally symmetrical change, is : the transformation properties of the vibrational proper functions of the initial and final states must be the same. The symmetry proper
ties of polyat. mois, are, however, often modified by nuclear displacements, in which case electron tran s
itions forbidden for the original mol. symmetry may occur. The application of the above rules to various mois, with < 3 atoms is discusscd. R. C.
New ch em ical th e o ry : electrovalency, io n is
ation , free ra d ic a ls . A. Go sse lin (J. Chirn. phys., 1933, 30, 356—366).—Further examples are given of the application of the author’s theory (A., 1929,
1130). D- R. D.
P la n a r fo rm s of la rg e carb o n rin g s . H. D. K.
Dr e w (Chem. and Ind., 1933, 538—540).—Large polymethylene rings m ay exist in planar configur
ations of two kinds, both involving re-entrant angles : (i) with internal and external re-entrant angles equal, (ii) a form of min. strain with internal and external angles distorted in opposite senses. The strain is especially small in rings of the form C5„.
J . S. A.
D ete rm in a tio n of th e an g les betw een coval
encies fro m m e a s u re m e n ts of electric dipole m o m en ts. G. C. H ampsox and L. E. Su t t o n (Proc.
Roy. Soc., 1933, A, 140, 562—579).—Methods of determining angles between covalencies from measure
ments of electric dipole moments are discussed, and
extensions to more complex mols. are described.
Methods of minimising the effects of the more important errors are indicated. L. L. B.
F o rm a n d v ib ra tio n a l frequencies of th e n itro g e n dioxide m olecule. C. R. Ba il e y and A. B . D. Ca s s ie (Nature, 1933, 131, 910—911).—A reply to criticism (this vol., 557). L. S. T.
F o rm a n d v ib ra tio n a l frequencies of th e n itro g e n dioxide m olecule. R. Sch aefert (Nature, 1933, 131, 911; cf. preceding abstract).—Infra-red absorption bands were obtained at 15-6, 13-3*, 7-85*, 7-28, 6-14, 5-7*, 3-89*, and 3-3 ¡x at room temp. The bands marked * decreased in intensity with a rise in temp, and disappeared at 150°, and hence are attrib uted to N20 4. The remainder persisted and decreased in intensity with a fall in temp, and are ascribed to N 0 2. The results support the view (this vol., 557) th a t the N 02 mol. is not linear. The fundamental frequencies of the NO„ mol. are probably 641, 1373,
and 1628 cm r1 “ L. S. T.
D ia m a g n e tism of w a te r a t differen t te m p e r
a tu re s . B. Ca b r e r a and H. Fa h l e n b r a c h (Z.
Physik, 1933, 82,759—764).—The temp, variation of the susceptibility of H 20 is independent of previous treatm ent, and between 0° and 100° the temp, coeff.
is 1-15 X 10"7 (cf. Wills and Boekcr, this vol., 212).
A. B. D. C.
D em a g n etisa tio n of iro n a n d nickel by h igh - frequency a lte rn a tin g fields. S. Procopiu and N. Fl o r escu (J. Phys. Radium, 1933, [vii], 4, 251—
261).—Curves and data are given for wires of various dimensions and a range of frequencies and field inten
sities. The demagnetisation decreases with rise of frequency and fall of intensity. Ni shows spontaneous remagnetisation due to a weak or zero magnetic
viscosity. N. M. B.
P rin c ip a l m a g n e tic su scep tib ilities of som e p a ra m a g n e tic c ry s ta ls a t low te m p e ra tu re s.
L. C. Jack son (Proc. Roy. Soc., 1933, A, 140, 695—
713).—The principal susceptibilities of several crystals containing the ions Mri2+ and Fe3+, as examples of
«-moment ions, and of CoS04,7H20 (I) as an example of a Co salt, have been measured over the temp, range 70—300° abs. with accuracy of 0-5— 1-0%.
The principal susceptibilities of K3Fe(CN)6 are also recorded. The crystals containing ions with 5-moment only present are found to be magnetically isotropic, in agreement with recent theory. The 1 fy -T curves for (I) are straight, but not parallel, lines over the range of temp, employed. L. L. B.
M agnetic dipole fields in u n s tra in e d cubic c ry sta ls. L. W. McKe e h a n (Physical Rev., 1933,
[ii], 43, 912—923).—Mathematical. N. M. B.
M agnetic dipole fields in dislo cated cubic c ry sta ls. L. W. McKe e h a n (Physical Rev., 1933, [ii], 43, 924—930).—Mathematical. N. M. B.
M agnetic su scep tib ilities of som e com m on g ases. G. G. Ha v e n s (Physical Rev., 1933, [ii], 43, 992—1000).—The Faraday test-body method pre
viously used (cf. A., 1932, 985) gave for the mol.
susceptibilities XlO6, on the basis of 3335 for 02 at 20°, vala. at room temp., H2 —4-0051, He —1-906,
