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Ekologiczne determinanty funkcjonowania przedsiębiorstw w zrównoważonym rozwoju Unii Europejskiej

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(1)Zeszyty Naukowe nr. 836. 2010. Uniwersytetu Ekonomicznego w Krakowie. -DGZLJD$GDPF]\N .DWHGUD(NRQRPLNLL2UJDQL]DFML3U]HGVLÚELRUVWZ. (NRORJLF]QHGHWHUPLQDQW\ IXQNFMRQRZDQLDSU]HGVLĕELRUVWZ Z]UyZQRZDŧRQ\PUR]ZRMX 8QLL(XURSHMVNLHM :VWÚS :\UD]HPX]QDQLDSU]H]VSRãHF]QRŋþPLĕG]\QDURGRZćJOREDOQHJRFKDUDNWHUX ]DJURŧHĸHNRORJLF]Q\FKMDNLSRWU]HE\VROLGDUQHJRMHJRUR]ZLć]\ZDQLDE\ãR ]DMĕFLHVLĕSUREOHPDPLRFKURQ\ŋURGRZLVNDQDIRUXP21=:U2UJDQL ]DFMD1DURGyZ=MHGQRF]RQ\FKSRZRãDãDŊZLDWRZć.RPLVMĕŊURGRZLVNDL5R]ZRMX SRGSU]HZRGQLFWZHP*UR+DUOHP%UXQGWODQG]1RUZHJLL.RPLVMDWDZUDSRUFLH Å1DV]DZVSyOQDSU]\V]ãRŋþµSRZV]HFKQLH]QDQ\PMDNR5DSRUW%UXQGWODQGSR UD]SLHUZV]\ZVND]DãD]UyZQRZDŧRQ\UR]ZyMMDNRGURJĕKDUPRQLMQHJRUR]ZRMX VSRãHF]HĸVWZEH]RJUDQLF]DQLDV]DQVQDVWĕSQ\FKJHQHUDFMLQD]DVSRNRMHQLHLFK SRWU]HEUR]ZRMRZ\FKZSU]\V]ãRŋFL(IHNWHPG\VNXVMLQDG5DSRUWHP%UXQGWODQG E\ãR]RUJDQL]RZDQLHSU]H]21=ZUZ5LRGH-DQHLURZ%UD]\OLLNRQIH UHQFML1=ÅŊURGRZLVNRLUR]ZyMµ ]QDQHMMDNRÅ6]F]\W=LHPLµ

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(56) 94. Jadwiga Adamczyk. :ŋUyGLQVWUXPHQWyZDGPLQLVWUDF\MQRSUDZQ\FKSRGVWDZRZH]QDF]HQLHPDMć VWDQGDUG\HPLV\MQH6WDQGDUG\WHPXV]ćE\þSU]HVWU]HJDQH]DSU]HNURF]HQLH SR]LRPXHPLVMLSU]HGVLĕELRUVWZRREFLćŧRQHMHVWZ\VRNćNDUć$QDOL]ĕSU]HVWU]H JDQLDVWDQGDUGyZHPLV\MQ\FKSU]HSURZDG]RQRQDSU]\NãDG]LH3U]HGVLĕELRUVWZD (QHUJHW\NL&LHSOQHM6WDQGDUG\HPLV\MQHGZXWOHQNXVLDUNL]DZLHUDWDEHOD 3U]HGVLĕELRUVWZR(QHUJHW\NL&LHSOQHMZSR]ZROHQLX]LQWHJURZDQ\PX]\VNDãRRG USR]LRPHPLVMLPJP3GOD62 7DEHOD6WDQGDUG\HPLV\MQHGZXWOHQNXVLDUNL 6WDQGDUG\HPLV\MQHGZXWOHQNXVLDUNLZPJP3SU]\]DZDUWRŋFLWOHQX ZJD]DFKRGORWRZ\FK 1RPLQDOQDPRF FLHSOQDťUyGãD Z0:. ŤUyGãDLVWQLHMćFHRGGDQHGRXŧ\WNRZDQLDSU]HGGQLHP U. ŤUyGãDLVWQLH MćFHRGGDQHGR RGUGR Xŧ\WNRZDQLDSR WHUPLQyZRNUH U ŋORQ\FKZUR]SR U]ćG]HQLX. GRU. RGU. . . . . . •L. . . . . •L. . . . . •L. . . . •L. . /LQLRZ\VSDGHN RGGRa. . /LQLRZ\VSDGHN RGGRa. •. . a. . a. a. RGVW\F]QLDUVWDQGDUGHPLV\MQ\GZXWOHQNXVLDUNL]HťUyGHãRQRPLQDOQHMPRF\FLHSO QHMQLHPQLHMV]HMQLŧ0:Z\QRVLPJP3SU]\]DZDUWRŋFLWOHQXZJD]DFKRGORWRZ\FK MHŧHOLťUyGãDSUDFXMćSU]H]RNUHVQLHGãXŧV]\QLŧ ²JRG]LQZURNXNDOHQGDU]RZ\P ŋUHGQLDNURF]ćFD]SLĕFLXODW

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(60) 95. Ekologiczne determinanty funkcjonowania… 7DEHOD6WDQGDUG\HPLV\MQHWOHQNyZD]RWX. 6WDQGDUG\HPLV\MQHWOHQNyZD]RWXZPJP3SU]\]DZDUWRŋFLWOHQXZJD]DFK RGORWRZ\FK 1RPLQDOQD PRFFLHSOQD ťUyGãD Z0:. ŤUyGãDLVWQLHMćFHRGGDQHGRXŧ\WNRZDQLDSU]HG U. ŤUyGãDLVWQLHMćFHRGGDQH GRXŧ\WNRZDQLDSR U. od od U do U od GRWHUPLQyZ do U do U RNUHŋORQ\FK U U ZUR]SRU]ć dzeniu. od U. . . . . . . . •L”. . . . . . . a. a. E. . a. !. . . . . EF. a. VWDQGDUGHPLV\MQ\WOHQNyZD]RWXZSU]HOLF]HQLXQDGZXWOHQHND]RWX]HťUyGHãNWyUHEĕGć Xŧ\WNRZDQHQLHGãXŧHMQLŧJRG]LQURF]QLH ŋUHGQLDNURF]ćFD]SLĕFLXODW

(61) Z\QRVLPJP3 SU]\]DZDUWRŋFLWOHQXZJD]DFKRGORWRZ\FKGRF]DVXSUDF\W\FKťUyGHãQLHZOLF]DVLĕRNUHVyZ LFKUR]UXFKXL]DWU]\P\ZDQLD E VWDQGDUGHPLV\MQ\WOHQNyZD]RWXZSU]HOLF]HQLXQDGZXWOHQHND]RWX]HťUyGHãNWyUHEĕGć Xŧ\WNRZDQHQLHGãXŧHMQLŧJRG]LQ ŋUHGQLDNURF]ćFD]SLĕFLXODW

(62) Z\QRVLPJP3SU]\ ]DZDUWRŋFLWOHQXZJD]DFKRGORWRZ\FKGRF]DVXSUDF\W\FKťUyGHãQLHZOLF]DVLĕRNUHVyZLFK UR]UXFKXL]DWU]\P\ZDQLD c VWDQGDUGHPLV\MQ\WOHQNyZD]RWXZSU]HOLF]HQLXQDGZXWOHQHND]RWXZ\QRVLPJP3SU]\ ]DZDUWRŋFLWOHQXZJD]DFKRGORWRZ\FK ŤUyGãR5R]SRU]ćG]HQLH0LQLVWUDŊURGRZLVND]JUXGQLDU KWWSJDWHPRVJRYSOSUDZR UR]SRU]DG]HQLDBPVSGI

(63) . 2ERZLć]XMćFHVWDQGDUG\HPLVML]HVSDODQLDSDOLZJD]RZ\FK VWDQGDUG\HPL V\MQHGZXWOHQNXVLDUNLSU]\PQLHMV]HM]DZDUWRŋFLWOHQXZJD]DFKRGORWRZ\FK

(64)  SU]HGVWDZLDWDEHOD:SR]ZROHQLXRGUEDGDQHSU]HGVLĕELRUVWZRX]\VNDãR poziom emisji SO²PJP3 6WDQGDUG\HPLV\MQHWOHQNyZD]RWXSU]\PQLHMV]HM]DZDUWRŋFLWOHQXZJD]DFK RGORWRZ\FKSU]HGVWDZLRQRZWDEHOL3U]HGVLĕELRUVWZR(QHUJHW\NL&LHSOQHM ZSR]ZROHQLXRGUX]\VNDãRSR]LRPHPLVML12²PJP3 :]DNUHVLHZV]\VWNLFKHPLVML]DQLHF]\V]F]HĸSRZLHWU]DEDGDQHSU]HGVLĕ ELRUVWZRVSHãQLDZDUXQNLSR]ZROHQLDSU]\GRW\FKF]DVRZ\PSR]LRPLHSURGXNFML HQHUJLLFLHSOQHM:]URVW]DSRWU]HERZDQLDQDHQHUJLĕFLHSOQćLZHIHNFLHZ]URVW MHMSURGXNFMLZ\PDJDþEĕG]LHGDOV]\FKQDNãDGyZLQZHVW\F\MQ\FKQDQRZRF]HVQH XU]ćG]HQLDZ]DNUHVLHRFKURQ\SRZLHWU]D.

(65) 96. Jadwiga Adamczyk. 7DEHOD6WDQGDUG\HPLV\MQHS\ãX 6WDQGDUG\HPLV\MQHS\ãXZPJP3SU]\]DZDUWRŋFLWOHQXZJD]DFKRGORWRZ\FK. 1RPLQDOQD PRFFLHSOQD ťUyGãD Z0:. ŤUyGãDLVWQLHMćFHRGGDQHGRXŧ\WNRZDQLDSU]HG U. ŤUyGãDLVWQLHMćFHRGGDQH GRXŧ\WNRZDQLDSR U. od od U do  od GRWHUPLQyZ do od U UGR U RNUHŋORQ\FK U U U ZUR]SRU]ć dzeniu. . . . . . . . •L. . a. . . . E. •L. c. d. . . . . c. GH. e. . H. e. •. . . . a.  VWDQGDUG HPLV\MQ\ S\ãX ]H ťUyGHã NWyUH RGGDQR GR Xŧ\WNRZDQLD SU]HG  PDUFD  U GODNWyU\FKSURZDG]ćF\WDNLHťUyGãD]RERZLć]DãVLĕZSLVHPQHMGHNODUDFML]ãRŧRQHMZãDŋFLZHPX RUJDQRZLRFKURQ\ŋURGRZLVNDQLHSyťQLHMQLŧGRF]HUZFDUŧHťUyGãREĕG]LHXŧ\WNRZDQH QLHGãXŧHMQLŧGRJUXGQLDUDF]DVMHJRXŧ\WNRZDQLDZRNUHVLHRGVW\F]QLDUGR JUXGQLDUQLHSU]HNURF]\JRG]LQZ\QRVLZRNUHVLHRGVW\F]QLDUGRJUXGQLD UPJP3SU]\]DZDUWRŋFLWOHQXZJD]DFKRGORWRZ\FK E VWDQGDUGHPLV\MQ\S\ãX]HťUyGHãZ\PLHQLRQ\FKZUR]SRU]ćG]HQLXZ\QRVL²GRF]DVXRNUH ŋORQHJRZW\PUR]SRU]ćG]HQLX²PJP3SU]\]DZDUWRŋFLWOHQXZJD]DFKRGORWRZ\FK c ZDUWRŋFLRERZLć]XMćGRJUXGQLDU d ZDUWRŋFLRERZLć]XMćRGVW\F]QLDU e GODťUyGHãZNWyU\FKVSDODQHMHVWSDOLZRVWDãHSRVLDGDMćFHZVWDQLHURERF]\PZDUWRŋþRSD ãRZćPQLHMV]ćQLŧN-NJ]DZDUWRŋþZLOJRFLZLĕNV]ćQLŧZDJRZ\FKãćF]Qć]DZDUWRŋþ ZLOJRFLLSRSLRãXZLĕNV]ćQLŧZDJRZ\FKL]DZDUWRŋþWOHQNXZDSQLDZLĕNV]ćQLŧVWDQGDUG HPLV\MQ\Z\QRVLPJP3SU]\]DZDUWRŋFLWOHQXZJD]DFKRGORWRZ\FK ŤUyGãR5R]SRU]ćG]HQLH0LQLVWUDŊURGRZLVND]JUXGQLDU KWWSJDWHPRVJRYSOSUDZR UR]SRU]DG]HQLDBPVSGI

(66) . 7DEHOD6WDQGDUG\HPLV\MQHGZXWOHQNXVLDUNL Rodzaj gazu. 6WDQGDUG\HPLV\MQHGZXWOHQNXVLDUNLZPJP3 SU]\]DZDUWRŋFLWOHQXZJD]DFKRGORWRZ\FK. JD]FLHNã\. . JD]ZLHONRSLHFRZ\JD]NRNVRZQLF]\QLVNR NDORU\F]Q\JD]X]\VNLZDQ\SU]\JD]\ILNDFML SR]RVWDãRŋFLSRUDILQDFMLURS\QDIWRZHM. . JD]JDUG]LHORZ\]SLHFDV]\ERZHJRGRWRSLHQLD NRQFHQWUDWyZPLHG]L GRU. .

(67) 97. Ekologiczne determinanty funkcjonowania… FGWDEHOL Rodzaj gazu. 6WDQGDUG\HPLV\MQHGZXWOHQNXVLDUNLZPJP3 SU]\]DZDUWRŋFLWOHQXZJD]DFKRGORWRZ\FK. RGU. . SR]RVWDãHJD]\. . ŤUyGãR5R]SRU]ćG]HQLH0LQLVWUDŊURGRZLVND]JUXGQLDU KWWSJDWHPRVJRYSOSUDZR UR]SRU]DG]HQLDBPVSGI

(68) . 7DEHOD6WDQGDUG\HPLV\MQHWOHQNyZD]RWX 1RPLQDOQDPRFFLHSOQDťUyGãD Z0:. 6WDQGDUG\HPLV\MQHWOHQNyZD]RWXZPJP3SU]\]DZDUWRŋFL WOHQXZJD]DFKRGORWRZ\FK GRU. RGU. . . . •L. . . •L. . . !. . . ŤUyGãR5R]SRU]ćG]HQLH0LQLVWUDŊURGRZLVND]JUXGQLDU KWWSJDWHPRVJRYSOSUDZR UR]SRU]DG]HQLDBPVSGI

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