ɊɍɇȽɅɂɃɋɄɂɃ əɁɕɄ ɂ ȺȼɌɈɈɌȼȿɌɑɂɄ:
ɉɊɂȿɆɕ ɄɈɆɂɑȿɋɄɈȽɈ ȼ ɊȺɋɋɄȺɁȺɏ ɘɊɂə ȾɊɍɀɇɂɄɈȼȺ
RUNGLISH AND THE ANSWERING MACHINE: COMIC MEANS IN STORIES BY YURI DRUZHNIKOV
ȽȺɅɂɇȺ ɇȿɎȺȽɂɇȺ
ABSTRACT. Yuri Druzhnikov belongs to the ironic-realistic trend in the prose of the 20th–21st century. An analysis of the stories in the book There is to You Not Here! allows one to draw a conclusion that the basic comic means are: at a composition level – the story construction (by using the joke principle), presenting a situation as an actual event and its addition or specification at the level of style – metaphor or phraseological unit, specification, a concrete definition of citations, popular expressions, and at the language level – a mixture of different languages – Runglish.
Galina Niefagina, Akademia Pomorska w Słupsku, Słupsk – Polska.
ȼ ɤɧɢɝɟ ɨ ɬɜɨɪɱɟɫɬɜɟ ɘɪɢɹ Ⱦɪɭɠɧɢɤɨɜɚ ɂɫɤɭɫɫɬɜɨ ɛɨɪɶɛɵ ɫ ɥɨɠɶɸ: ɫɬɪɚɬɟɝɢɹ ɠɢɡɧɢ ɢ ɬɜɨɪɱɟɫɬɜɚ ɘɪɢɹ Ⱦɪɭɠɧɢɤɨɜɚ1ɫɬɢɥɶ ɩɢɫɚɬɟɥɹ ɛɵɥ ɨɩɪɟ-ɞɟɥɟɧ ɦɧɨɸ ɤɚɤ ɢɪɨɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɪɟɚɥɢɡɦ. ɂɪɨɧɢɹ, ɩɨɠɚɥɭɣ, ɫɚɦɨɟ ɝɥɚɜɧɨɟ ɫɪɟɞ-ɫɬɜɨ ɫɨɡɞɚɧɢɹ ɯɭɞɨɠɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɣ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɜ ɩɨɷɬɢɤɟ Ⱦɪɭɠɧɢɤɨɜɚ-ɪɨɦɚ-ɧɢɫɬɚ. ȼ ɩɪɨɡɟ ɢɪɨɧɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɪɟɚɥɢɡɦɚ ɫɬɚɥɤɢɜɚɸɬɫɹ ɛɵɬɨɜɚɹ ɢ ɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɨɥɨɝɢ-ɱɟɫɤɚɹ ɥɢɧɢɢ, ɨɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɬɨ, ɱɬɨ ɇɚɭɦ Ȼɟɪɤɨɜɫɤɢɣ ɧɚɡɵɜɚɥ „ɛɵɬɨɥɨɝɢɟɣ ɜ ɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɧɨ-ɮɢɥɨɫɨɮɫɤɨɦ ɨɫɜɟɳɟɧɢɢ”2 . ɂɪɨɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɪɟɚɥɢɡɦ ɨɬɬɚɥɤɢɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɨɬ ɧɟɩɪɢɟɦɥɟɦɨɣ ɫɨɰɢɚɥɶɧɨɣ, ɩɫɢɯɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ, ɧɪɚɜɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɣ ɪɟɚɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɫ ɩɨɧɢɦɚɧɢɟɦ ɫɜɨɟɣ ɧɟɨɬɞɟɥɢɦɨɫɬɢ ɨɬ ɜɪɟɦɟɧɢ, ɬɨ ɟɫɬɶ ɜɤɥɸɱɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ ɧɟ ɜ ɷɫɬɟɬɢɱɟɫɤɭɸ ɬɨɥɶɤɨ, ɚ ɜ ɪɟɚɥɶɧɭɸ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ. ɉɪɨɢɡɜɟɞɟɧɢɹ ɢɪɨɧɢ-ɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɪɟɚɥɢɡɦɚ ɩɨɫɬɪɨɟɧɵ ɧɚ ɚɧɟɤɞɨɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɫɸɠɟɬɧɵɯ ɤɨɥɥɢɡɢɹɯ. ɀɢɡɧɶ, ɫ ɬɨɱɤɢ ɡɪɟɧɢɹ ɢɪɨɧɢɤɨ-ɪɟɚɥɢɫɬɨɜ, ɫɚɦɚ ɨɤɚɡɵɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɧɟɩɪɢɞɭɦɚɧɧɵɦ ɚɧɟɤɞɨ-ɬɨɦ. ȼ ɩɪɟɞɢɫɥɨɜɢɢ ɤ ɤɧɢɝɟ Ɍɚɦ – ɷɬɨ ɜɚɦ ɧɟ ɬɭɬ! Ⱦɪɭɠɧɢɤɨɜ ɩɪɢɜɨɞɢɥ ɫɥɨɜɚ ɤɥɚɫɫɢɤɚ: „Ⱦɚɣɬɟ ɦɧɟ ɚɧɟɤɞɨɬ, ɢ ɹ ɧɚɩɢɲɭ ɩɶɟɫɭ”3ɢ ɭɬɜɟɪɠɞɚɥ, ɱɬɨ ɚɧɟɤɞɨɬɵ ɩɪɟɜɪɚɳɚɸɬɫɹ ɜ ɪɨɦɚɧɵ. ȼɩɨɥɧɟ ɦɨɠɧɨ ɫɱɢɬɚɬɶ, ɱɬɨ ɪɨɦɚɧ ɋɭɩɟɪɠɟɧɳɢɧɚ ɪɨɞɢɥɫɹ ɤɚɤ ɪɚɡ ɢɡ ɚɧɟɤɞɨɬɨɜ, ɤɚɤ ɢ ɦɧɨɝɨɱɢɫɥɟɧɧɵɟ ɷɩɢɡɨɞɵ Ⱥɧɝɟɥɨɜ ɧɚ ɤɨɧ-________________ 1Ƚ. ɇ ɟ ɮ ɚ ɝ ɢ ɧ ɚ, ɂɫɤɭɫɫɬɜɨ ɛɨɪɶɛɵ ɫ ɥɨɠɶɸ: ɫɬɪɚɬɟɝɢɹ ɠɢɡɧɢ ɢ ɬɜɨɪɱɟɫɬɜɚ ɘɪɢɹ Ⱦɪɭɠɧɢɤɨɜɚ, Ɇɢɧɫɤ 2006. 2ɇ. Ȼ ɟ ɪ ɤ ɨ ɜ ɫ ɤ ɢ ɣ, Ɇɢɪ, ɫɨɡɞɚɜɚɟɦɵɣ ɥɢɬɟɪɚɬɭɪɨɣ, Ɇɨɫɤɜɚ 1989, ɫ. 217. 3ɘ. Ⱦ ɪ ɭ ɠ ɧ ɢ ɤ ɨ ɜ, Ɍɚɦ – ɷɬɨ ɜɚɦ ɧɟ ɬɭɬ! ɋɦɟɯɨɬɜɨɪɧɵɟ ɩɨɜɟɫɬɢ, ɮɚɰɟɰɢɢ ɢ ɠɚɪ-ɬɵ, Ɇɨɫɤɜɚ 2005, ɫ. 5. Ⱦɚɥɟɟ ɫɫɵɥɤɢ ɧɚ ɷɬɨ ɢɡɞɚɧɢɟ ɫ ɭɤɚɡɚɧɢɟɦ ɫɬɪɚɧɢɰ ɜ ɫɤɨɛɤɚɯ ɜ ɬɟɤɫɬɟ.
ɱɢɤɟ ɢɝɥɵ (ɧɚɩɪɢɦɟɪ, ɛɢɨɝɪɚɮɢɹ „ɢɧɞɟɣɫɤɨɝɨ ɟɜɪɟɹ” Ɋɚɩɩɨɩɨɪɬɚ ɢɥɢ ɨɛɪɚɡ ɝɥɚɜɧɨɝɨ ɫɟɤɫɨɩɚɬɨɥɨɝɚ ɫɨɜɟɬɫɤɨɝɨ ɩɪɚɜɢɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɚ ɋɚɝɚɣɞɚɤɚ). Ɍɚɤ, ɠɢɡɧɟɨɩɢɫɚɧɢɟ əɤɨɜɚ Ɇɚɪɤɨɜɢɱɚ Ɋɚɩɩɨɩɨɪɬɚ – ɷɬɨ ɰɟɩɶ ɚɧɟɤɞɨɬɢ-ɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɫɢɬɭɚɰɢɣ. Ʉɚɤ ɚɧɟɤɞɨɬ ɜɨɫɩɪɢɧɢɦɚɸɬɫɹ ɷɩɢɡɨɞɵ ɫ ɧɚɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɫɬɶɸ „ɢɧɞɟɣɫɤɢɣ ɟɜɪɟɣ”, ɫɤɭɥɶɩɬɭɪɨɣ Ʌɟɧɢɧɚ, ɜ ɜɚɹɧɢɢ ɤɨɬɨɪɨɣ ɭɱɚɫɬɜɨɜɚɥ ɢ Ɋɚɩ-ɩɨɩɨɪɬ. ɏɚɪɦɫɨɜɫɤɢɦ ɚɛɫɭɪɞɨɦ ɜɟɟɬ ɨɬ ɷɩɢɡɨɞɚ ɜ ɥɚɝɟɪɟ ɩɨɞ ȼɥɚɞɢɜɨɫɬɨɤɨɦ, ɝɞɟ ɭɝɨɥɨɜɧɢɤɢ ɬɚɫɤɚɥɢ ɜ ɫɬɨɥɨɜɭɸ, ɱɬɨɛɵ ɩɨɥɭɱɢɬɶ ɥɢɲɧɢɣ ɩɚɟɤ, ɨɛɥɟɞɟɧɟɜ-ɲɟɝɨ ɦɟɪɬɜɟɰɚ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɣ ɤ ɬɨɦɭ ɠɟ, ɩɨ ɪɚɫɫɤɚɡɚɦ Ɋɚɩɩɨɩɨɪɬɚ, ɨɤɚɡɚɥɫɹ ɩɨɷɬɨɦ Ɇɚɧɞɟɥɶɲɬɚɦɨɦ. ɂɡ ɫɟɪɢɢ ɱɟɪɧɨɝɨ ɸɦɨɪɚ ɪɚɫɫɤɚɡ ɨ ɬɨɦ, ɤɚɤ ɧɟɦɟɰɤɢɟ ɫɨɥɞɚ-ɬɵ, ɩɨɞɛɚɞɪɢɜɚɹ ɞɪɭɝ ɞɪɭɝɚ, ɜɵɬɚɫɤɢɜɚɥɢ ɢɡ ɝɪɹɡɢ ɫɨɜɟɬɫɤɭɸ ɦɚɲɢɧɭ ɫ ɝɪɨɦ-ɤɨɝɨɜɨɪɢɬɟɥɟɦ, ɱɟɪɟɡ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɣ ɩɪɨɢɡɧɨɫɢɥ ɩɪɨɩɚɝɚɧɞɢɫɬɫɤɢɟ ɪɟɱɢ ɧɚ ɧɟɦɟɰ-ɤɨɦ ɹɡɵɤɟ „ɢɧɫɬɪɭɤɬɨɪ ɩɨ ɪɚɡɥɨɠɟɧɢɸ ɜɨɣɫɤ ɩɪɨɬɢɜɧɢɤɚ əɤɨɜ Ɋɚɩɩɨɩɨɪɬ”. ȼ ɫɜɟɬɟ ɬɨɣ ɫɭɞɶɛɨɧɨɫɧɨɣ ɪɨɥɢ, ɤɨɬɨɪɭɸ ɢɝɪɚɸɬ ɚɧɟɤɞɨɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɫɢɬɭɚ-ɰɢɢ ɜ ɠɢɡɧɢ əɤɨɜɚ Ɇɚɪɤɨɜɢɱɚ, ɩɨɧɹɬɧɨ, ɩɨɱɟɦɭ „ɚɧɟɤɞɨɬɨɜ ɨɧ ɩɭɳɟ ɜɫɟɝɨ ɛɨɹɥɫɹ”. ɋɚɦ ɠɟ Ɋɚɩɩɨɩɨɪɬ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɢɞɟɚɥɶɧɵɦ ɝɟɪɨɟɦ ɚɧɟɤɞɨɬɚ: ɜɨ-ɩɟɪɜɵɯ, ɟɜɪɟɣ; ɜɨ-ɜɬɨɪɵɯ, ɰɢɧɢɤ; ɜ-ɬɪɟɬɶɢɯ, ɢɧɬɟɥɥɢɝɟɧɬ, ɬ.ɟ. ɜ ɨɞɧɨɦ ɥɢɰɟ ɫɨɟɞɢɧɟɧɵ ɬɢɩɢɱɧɵɟ ɞɥɹ ɚɧɟɤɞɨɬɚ ɩɟɪɫɨɧɚɠɢ. Ⱥɧɟɤɞɨɬ ɜ ɯɭɞɨɠɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɣ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɟ Ⱦɪɭɠɧɢɤɨɜɚ ɢɝɪɚɟɬ ɪɨɥɶ ɫɟɦɟɧɢ, ɬɨɝɨ ɡɚɪɨɞɵɲɟɜɨɝɨ ɡɟɪɧɚ, ɢɡ ɤɨɬɨɪɨɝɨ ɪɚɫɤɪɭɱɢɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɫɸɠɟɬ. ɇɨ ɩɢɫɚɬɟɥɶ ɜ ɭɠɟ ɭɩɨɦɹɧɭɬɨɦ ɩɪɟɞɢɫɥɨɜɢɢ ɫɩɪɚɲɢɜɚɟɬ: „Ⱥ ɱɬɨ ɠɟ ɩɨɥɭɱɢɬɫɹ, ɟɫɥɢ ɩɢɫɚɬɟɥɸ ɧɟ ɞɚɬɶ ɚɧɟɤɞɨɬɚ?”. Ɋɢɫɤɧɭɥɚ ɛɵ ɨɬɜɟɬɢɬɶ: ɬɨɝɞɚ ɬɚɤɨɣ ɩɢɫɚɬɟɥɶ, ɤɚɤ Ⱦɪɭɠɧɢ-ɤɨɜ, ɧɚɩɢɲɟɬ ɟɝɨ ɫɚɦ. ɉɨɞɬɜɟɪɠɞɟɧɢɟ ɷɬɨɦɭ – ɤɨɪɨɬɤɢɟ ɪɚɫɫɤɚɡɵ, ɫɨɛɪɚɧɧɵɟ ɜ ɤɧɢɝɟ Ɍɚɦ – ɷɬɨ ɜɚɦ ɧɟ ɬɭɬ! ɇɚ ɨɛɥɨɠɤɟ ɤɧɢɝɢ Ɍɚɦ – ɷɬɨ ɜɚɦ ɧɟ ɬɭɬ!, ɢɡɞɚɧɧɨɣ ɜ 2005 ɝɨɞɭ ɜ Ɇɨɫ-ɤɜɟ, ɢɡɨɛɪɚɠɟɧ ɞɨɜɨɥɶɧɨ ɤɪɚɫɧɨɪɟɱɢɜɵɣ ɩɨɪɬɪɟɬ ɩɢɫɚɬɟɥɹ. ɍɦɧɵɦ ɜɡɝɥɹɞɨɦ ɨɧ ɫɦɨɬɪɢɬ ɧɚ ɧɚɫ, ɨɩɭɫɬɢɜ ɧɚ ɤɨɧɱɢɤ ɧɨɫɚ ɨɱɤɢ, ɜ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɯ ɨɞɧɨ ɫɬɟɤɥɨ ɪɨɡɨ-ɜɨɟ, ɚ ɜɬɨɪɨɟ – ɝɨɥɭɛɨɟ. ɋɦɨɬɪɢɬ ɧɚ ɦɢɪ ɩɨɜɟɪɯ ɨɱɤɨɜ – ɢ ɜɨɡɧɢɤɚɸɬ ɪɚɫɫɤɚ-ɡɢɤɢ ɢɪɨɧɢɱɧɵɟ, ɧɚɩɢɫɚɧɧɵɟ ɩɨɜɟɪɯ ɢɞɟɨɥɨɝɢɢ. ɉɨɫɦɨɬɪɢɬ ɜ ɪɨɡɨɜɨɟ – ɩɨɹɜ-ɥɹɸɬɫɹ ɩɪɨɫɬɨ ɜɟɫɟɥɵɟ ɛɵɬɨɜɵɟ ɫɰɟɧɤɢ ɢɡ ɠɢɡɧɢ Ɍɚɦ, ɜ Ⱥɦɟɪɢɤɟ. Ƚɥɹɧɟɬ ɜ ɝɨɥɭɛɨɟ – ɢ ɜɵɫɜɟɬɢɬɫɹ ɤɨɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɚɛɫɭɪɞ ɞɨɷɦɢɝɪɚɧɬɫɤɨɝɨ ɢ ɛɨɥɟɟ ɩɨɡɞ-ɧɟɝɨ Ɍɭɬ, ɜ Ɋɨɫɫɢɢ. ɀɚɧɪ ɷɬɢɯ ɤɨɪɨɬɤɢɯ ɫɦɟɲɧɵɯ ɪɚɫɫɤɚɡɢɤɨɜ ɜɫɥɟɞ ɡɚ ɩɨɥɶ-ɫɤɢɦɢ ɥɢɬɟɪɚɬɭɪɨɜɟɞɚɦɢ ɫɚɦ Ⱦɪɭɠɧɢɤɨɜ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɥ ɤɚɤ ɮɚɰɟɰɢɢ. Ɇɨɠɧɨ ɫɨɝɥɚɫɢɬɶɫɹ ɫ ɷɬɢɦ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɟɦ, ɬɟɦ ɛɨɥɟɟ, ɱɬɨ ɚɧɟɤɞɨɬ ɢ ɮɚɰɟɰɢɹ ɨɱɟɧɶ ɛɥɢɡɤɢ ɞɪɭɝ ɞɪɭɝɭ. ɉɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɢɧɬɟɪɟɫɧɵɦ ɢɡɭɱɟɧɢɟ ɩɪɢɟɦɨɜ ɢ ɫɪɟɞɫɬɜ ɞɨɫɬɢɠɟɧɢɹ ɤɨɦɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɷɮɮɟɤɬɚ ɜ ɷɬɨɦ ɠɚɧɪɟ. ɉɨɧɢɦɚɹ, ɱɬɨ ɪɚɫɤɥɚɞɵɜɚɬɶ ɚɧɟɤɞɨɬ ɧɚ ɱɚɫɬɢ ɢ ɨɛɴɹɫɧɹɬɶ – ɞɟɥɨ ɧɟɛɥɚɝɨ-ɞɚɪɧɨɟ ɢ ɞɚɠɟ ɧɟɛɥɚɝɨɪɨɞɧɨɟ, ɢɛɨ ɧɟɥɶɡɹ ɪɚɡɴɹɬɶ ɧɟɪɚɡɴɟɞɢɧɢɦɨɟ, ɜɫɟ ɠɟ ɩɨ-ɩɵɬɚɟɦɫɹ ɜɵɹɫɧɢɬɶ ɦɟɯɚɧɢɤɭ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɤɨɦɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɷɮɮɟɤɬɚ ɜ ɧɟɫɤɨɥɶɤɢɯ ɮɚɰɟɰɢɹɯ Ⱦɪɭɠɧɢɤɨɜɚ. ɂɬɚɤ, Ⱥɜɬɨɨɬɜɟɬɱɢɤ ɧɚɱɢɧɚɟɬɫɹ ɫ ɨɩɢɫɚɧɢɹ ɩɨɫɬɚɥɤɨɝɨɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɹ ɫ ɬɨɱɤɢ ɡɪɟɧɢɹ „ɫɬɪɚɞɚɥɶɰɚ”. ɍɠɟ ɫɚɦɚ ɫɢɬɭɚɰɢɹ, ɧɟ ɨɞɧɚɠɞɵ ɷɤɫɩɥɭɚɬɢɪɭɟ-ɦɚɹ ɜ ɚɧɟɤɞɨɬɚɯ, ɧɚɫɬɪɚɢɜɚɟɬ ɧɚ ɤɨɦɢɱɟɫɤɨɟ ɜɨɫɩɪɢɹɬɢɟ:
Ƚɨɥɨɜɚ ɡɚɠɚɬɚ ɦɟɠɞɭ ɞɜɭɯ ɚɣɫɛɟɪɝɨɜ. Ɉɧɢ ɫɞɜɢɝɚɸɬɫɹ. ɑɟɪɟɩ ɯɪɭɫɬɢɬ. ɇɚ ɨɳɭɩɶ ɨɛɧɚ-ɪɭɠɢɥ ɬɪɟɳɢɧɭ. ɂɡ ɧɟɟ ɱɬɨ-ɬɨ ɫɵɩɥɟɬɫɹ. Ɂɧɚɱɢɬ, ɨɤɚɡɚɥɫɹ ɩɟɫɨɤ ɜɦɟɫɬɨ ɦɨɡɝɨɜ. Ɋɚɫɫɨɥ ɧɟ ɩɨɦɨɝ. Ȼɭɬɵɥɤɚ ɩɢɜɚ ɩɪɨɲɥɚ ɧɢɠɟ, ɝɨɥɨɜɭ ɧɟ ɡɚɞɟɥɚ. Ⱥ ɜɟɞɶ ɱɭɬɨɤ ɫ ɫɨɫɟɞɨɦ ɧɚ ɧɨɱɶ ɩɪɢ-ɧɹɥɢ. Ɇɨɠɧɨ ɫɤɚɡɚɬɶ, ɞɟɝɭɫɬɢɪɨɜɚɥɢ (c. 11). ȼ ɷɬɨɦ ɩɚɫɫɚɠɟ ɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɨɦ ɤɨɦɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɫɥɭɠɢɬ ɫɢɧɬɚɤɫɢɫ: ɤɨɪɨɬɤɢɟ ɨɬ-ɪɵɜɢɫɬɵɟ ɩɪɟɞɥɨɠɟɧɢɹ ɩɪɢɡɜɚɧɵ ɩɟɪɟɞɚɬɶ ɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɟ ɛɟɡɦɵɫɥɢɹ. ɉɨɫɥɟ ɢɡ-ɪɹɞɧɨ ɩɪɢɧɹɬɨɝɨ ɚɥɤɨɝɨɥɹ ɝɟɪɨɣ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɟɧ ɜɨɫɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɢɬɶ ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɹɡɵɤɨɜɵɟ ɲɬɚɦɩɵ. Ɂɞɟɫɶ ɠɟ ɨɛɧɚɪɭɠɢɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɬɚɤɨɣ ɩɪɢɟɦ, ɤɚɤ ɪɟɚɥɢɡɚɰɢɹ ɦɟɬɚɮɨɪɵ, ɧɚɩɪɢɦɟɪ, ɨɛɵɝɪɵɜɚɧɢɟ ɩɨɝɨɜɨɪɤɢ „ɩɟɫɨɤ ɜɦɟɫɬɨ ɦɨɡɝɨɜ”. ɉɪɢɟɦ ɪɟɚɥɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɦɟɬɚɮɨɪɵ ɜɫɬɪɟɱɚɟɬɫɹ ɭ Ⱦɪɭɠɧɢɤɨɜɚ ɢ ɜ ɞɪɭɝɢɯ ɪɚɫɫɤɚɡɚɯ. ȼ ɨɞɧɨɦ ɪɹɞɭ ɫ ɪɟɚɥɢɡɚɰɢɟɣ ɦɟɬɚɮɨɪɵ ɫɬɨɢɬ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɩɨɞɬɟɤɫɬɨɜ ɭɫɬɨɣɱɢɜɵɯ ɢɥɢ ɫɬɚɜɲɢɯ ɡɧɚɤɨɜɵɦɢ ɜɵɪɚɠɟɧɢɣ, ɱɚɫɬɨ ɢɞɟɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɢɥɢ ɩɨɥɢɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɚ. Ɉɩɢɫɵɜɚɹ „ɞɟɝɭɫɬɚɰɢɸ”, ɚɜɬɨɪ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɹɟɬ ɟɟ ɤɚɤ ɢɫɬɨɪɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɛɢɬɜɵ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɩɪɢɲɥɨɫɶ ɜɵɞɟɪɠɚɬɶ Ɋɨɫɫɢɢ: „ɲɜɟɞɨɜ, ɮɪɚɧɰɭɡɨɜ, ɝɨɥɥɚɧɞ-ɰɟɜ ɢ ɛɟɥɨɮɢɧɧɨɜ ɩɪɢɤɨɧɱɢɥɢ” (c. 12). Ƚɟɪɨɣ ɫɨɨɛɳɚɟɬ, ɱɬɨ ɩɨɫɥɟ ɫɤɨɣ” „ɩɟɪɟɫɬɪɨɢɥɢɫɶ ɧɚ «Ƚɨɪɛɚɱɟɜɚ» – ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫ ɩɨɲɟɥ, ɧɨ ɜɹɥɨ”. „ɋɦɢɪɧɨɜ-ɫɤɚɹ” ɜ ɞɚɧɧɨɦ ɤɨɧɬɟɤɫɬɟ ɨɡɧɚɱɚɟɬ ɧɟ ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɮɚɦɢɥɢɸ ɢɡɜɟɫɬɧɨɝɨ ɜ Ɋɨɫɫɢɢ ɟɳɟ ɞɨ ɪɟɜɨɥɸɰɢɢ 1917 ɝɨɞɚ ɜɥɚɞɟɥɶɰɚ ɜɨɞɨɱɧɵɯ ɡɚɜɨɞɨɜ ɢ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɟɧɧɨ ɡɧɚɦɟɧɢɬɨɣ ɜɨɞɤɢ, ɚ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɧɵɦ ɨɬ ɫɥɨɜɚ „ɫɦɢɪɧɵɣ” ɢ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɟɬ ɩɟɪɢɨɞ ɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɫɨɜɟɬɫɤɨɝɨ ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɚ, ɤɨɝɞɚ ɜɫɟ ɛɵɥɢ ɫɦɢɪɧɵɦɢ, ɧɟ ɜɨɡɦɭɳɚɥɢɫɶ ɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɭɸɳɢɦɢ ɩɨɪɹɞɤɚɦɢ ɢ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹɦɢ ɜɥɚɫɬɢ. ɋ ɩɪɢɯɨɞɨɦ ɤ ɪɭɤɨɜɨɞɫɬɜɭ Ƚɨɪɛɚɱɟɜɚ ɧɚɱɚɥɚɫɶ ɪɟɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɹ ɋɋɋɊ. ȼɫɹɤɢɣ ɱɟɥɨɜɟɤ, ɡɧɚɤɨ-ɦɵɣ ɫ ɪɢɬɨɪɢɤɨɣ ɩɟɪɟɫɬɪɨɣɤɢ, ɩɨɣɦɟɬ, ɱɬɨ ɩɪɟɞɥɨɠɟɧɢɟ ɢɦɟɟɬ „ɞɜɨɣɧɨɟ ɞɧɨ”: ɢɦɟɧɧɨ Ɇɢɯɚɢɥɭ Ƚɨɪɛɚɱɟɜɭ ɩɪɢɧɚɞɥɟɠɚɬ ɫɬɚɜɲɢɟ ɚɮɨɪɢɡɦɨɦ ɫɥɨɜɚ „ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫ ɩɨɲɟɥ”. ɋɦɟɯɨɜɨɣ ɷɮɮɟɤɬ ɞɨɫɬɢɝɚɟɬɫɹ ɢ ɭɬɨɱɧɟɧɢɹɦɢ-ɩɨɹɫɧɟɧɢɹɦɢ ɤɪɵɥɚɬɵɯ ɜɵ-ɪɚɠɟɧɢɣ ɢɥɢ ɰɢɬɚɬ ɤɥɚɫɫɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɥɢɬɟɪɚɬɭɪɵ, ɧɚɩɪɢɦɟɪ, ɢɡ ɬɜɨɪɱɟɫɬɜɚ Ⱥɥɟɤ-ɫɚɧɞɪɚ ɉɭɲɤɢɧɚ: „ȼ ɡɚɬɵɥɤɟ ɱɬɨ-ɬɨ ɩɭɥɶɫɢɪɭɟɬ. Ɇɚɥɶɱɢɤɢ ɤɪɨɜɚɜɵɟ ɜ ɝɥɚɡɚɯ. Ɇɨɠɟɬ, ɞɟɜɨɱɤɢ – ɩɨɥ ɧɟɹɫɟɧ”. „ȼɨ ɥɛɭ ɡɜɟɡɞɚ ɝɨɪɢɬ ɨɬ ɭɞɚɪɚ ɨɛ ɬɟɥɟɜɢɡɨɪ: ɯɨɬɟɥ ɩɨɰɟɥɨɜɚɬɶ ɏɢɥɚɪɢ Ʉɥɢɧɬɨɧ” (c. 12). ɋɬɢɥɢɫɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɦ ɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɨɦ ɤɨɦɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɡɚɦɟɧɚ ɧɟɤɨɬɨɪɵɯ ɫɥɨɜ ɢ ɜɵɪɚɠɟɧɢɣ ɷɜɮɟɦɢɡɦɚɦɢ. Ɍɚɤɨɜɨ ɜɵɪɚɠɟɧɢɟ „ɛɭɬɵɥɤɚ ɩɢɜɚ ɩɪɨɲɥɚ ɧɢɠɟ, ɝɨɥɨɜɭ ɧɟ ɡɚɞɟɥɚ”. ȼ ɞɪɭɝɨɦ ɤɨɧɬɟɤɫɬɟ ɷɬɨ ɦɨɝɥɨ ɛɵɬɶ ɩɨɧɹɬɨ ɤɚɤ ɩɪɨɥɟɬɟɜ-ɲɚɹ ɦɢɦɨ ɝɨɥɨɜɵ ɛɭɬɵɥɤɚ, ɧɨ ɜ ɞɚɧɧɨɦ ɷɬɨ ɡɚɦɟɧɚ ɮɢɡɢɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɩɪɨ-ɰɟɫɫɚ, ɧɚɫɬɭɩɚɸɳɟɝɨ ɩɨɫɥɟ ɪɚɫɩɢɬɢɹ ɩɢɜɚ. Ⱦɨɫɬɚɬɨɱɧɨ ɪɚɫɩɪɨɫɬɪɚɧɟɧɧɵɦ ɩɪɢɟɦɨɦ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɤɨɧɤɪɟɬɢɡɚɰɢɹ ɡɚɹɜɥɟɧ-ɧɨɣ ɧɟɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ ɢ ɧɚɪɭɲɟɧɢɟ ɱɢɬɚɬɟɥɶɫɤɨɝɨ ɨɠɢɞɚɧɢɹ. Ƚɟɪɨɣ Ⱦɪɭɠɧɢ-ɤɨɜɚ ɝɨɜɨɪɢɬ, ɱɬɨ ɩɪɢɧɹɥɢ ɱɭɬɨɤ, ɞɟɝɭɫɬɢɪɨɜɚɥɢ. ɑɢɬɚɬɟɥɶ ɜɩɪɚɜɟ ɨɠɢɞɚɬɶ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɢɹ ɩɨɧɹɬɢɸ ɞɟɝɭɫɬɚɰɢɢ. ɇɨ ɨɩɵɬɧɵɣ ɸɦɨɪɢɫɬ ɨɛɦɚɧɵɜɚɟɬ ɨɠɢ-ɞɚɧɢɹ: ɡɚ ɫɥɨɜɨɦ „ɞɟɝɭɫɬɢɪɨɜɚɥɢ” ɫɥɟɞɭɟɬ ɩɟɪɟɱɢɫɥɟɧɢɟ, ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɧɨɟ ɤɚɤ ɜɨɣɧɚ ɫ ɚɥɤɨɝɨɥɟɦ ɪɚɡɧɵɯ ɫɬɪɚɧ. ȼ ɭɩɨɦɢɧɚɧɢɢ ɜɨɞɤɢ „Ȼɨɥɞɢɧɫɤɚɹ ɨɫɟɧɶ”, ɤɨɬɨɪɚɹ „ɜɧɟɫɥɚ ɪɨɦɚɧɬɢɤɭ”, ɤɨɧɤɪɟɬɢɡɢɪɭɟɬɫɹ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪ ɪɨɦɚɧɬɢɤɢ. ɑɢɬɚɬɟɥɶ
ɠɞɟɬ ɭɠ ɜɡɞɨɯɨɜ ɧɚ ɫɤɚɦɟɣɤɟ, ɧɨ ɩɨɥɭɱɢ: „ɪɚɡɛɢɜɚɹ ɛɭɬɵɥɤɭ, ɩɨɪɚɧɢɥ ɫɟɛɟ ɳɟɤɭ, ɚ ɫɨɫɟɞɭ ɥɨɤɨɬɶ”; ɨɫɬɚɥɶɧɭɸ „ɪɨɦɚɧɬɢɤɭ” ɜɨɨɛɪɚɠɟɧɢɟ ɦɨɠɟɬ ɞɨɪɢɫɨ-ɜɚɬɶ, ɭɱɢɬɵɜɚɹ, ɱɬɨ „ɫɨɫɟɞ ɭɩɨɥɡ ɞɨɦɨɣ, ɩɪɢɯɪɚɦɵɜɚɹ ɧɚ ɥɟɜɭɸ ɪɭɤɭ” (c. 12). Ʉɚɤ ɜɫɹɤɢɣ ɚɧɟɤɞɨɬ, ɪɚɫɫɤɚɡ Ⱦɪɭɠɧɢɤɨɜɚ ɞɟɥɢɬɫɹ ɧɚ ɞɜɟ ɱɚɫɬɢ: ɩɨɫɥɟ ɨɩɢ-ɫɚɧɢɹ ɩɨɫɥɟɞɫɬɜɢɣ ɩɶɹɧɤɢ ɫɥɟɞɭɟɬ ɩɨɩɵɬɤɚ ɩɨɡɜɨɧɢɬɶ ɜ ɫɤɨɪɭɸ ɩɨɦɨɳɶ. ɗɬɨ ɦɨɫɬɢɤ, ɫɨɟɞɢɧɹɸɳɢɣ ɩɪɟɞɵɫɬɨɪɢɸ ɢ ɢɫɬɨɪɢɸ. ȼ ɢɫɬɨɪɢɢ ɤɨɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɷɮ-ɮɟɤɬ ɞɨɫɬɢɝɚɟɬɫɹ ɧɟ ɹɡɵɤɨɜɵɦɢ ɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɚɦɢ, ɚ ɨɞɧɨɨɛɪɚɡɢɟɦ ɢ ɧɚɝɧɟɬɚɧɢɟɦ ɩɨɜɬɨɪɹɟɦɵɯ ɤɨɧɫɬɪɭɤɰɢɣ, ɢɦɢɬɢɪɭɸɳɢɯ ɦɟɯɚɧɢɱɧɨɫɬɶ ɛɟɡɞɭɲɧɨɝɨ ɚɜɬɨɨɬ-ɜɟɬɱɢɤɚ. ɉɨɡɜɨɧɢɜɲɢɣ ɜ ɩɨɥɭɛɟɫɫɨɡɧɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɦ ɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɢ ɝɟɪɨɣ ɪɢɫɤɭɟɬ ɩɨɬɟ-ɪɹɬɶ ɫɨɡɧɚɧɢɟ ɩɨɥɧɨɫɬɶɸ ɢ ɧɚɜɫɟɝɞɚ, ɜɵɫɥɭɲɢɜɚɹ ɚɜɬɨɨɬɜɟɬɱɢɤɢ ɬɪɟɯ ɭɪɨɜɧɟɣ: Hello! ɑɬɨɛɵ ɫɥɭɲɚɬɶ ɩɨ-ɚɧɝɥɢɣɫɤɢ, ɧɚɠɦɢɬɟ – 1, ɩɨ-ɢɫɩɚɧɫɤɢ – 2, ɩɨ-ɤɢɬɚɣɫɤɢ – 3, ɩɨ-ɜɶɟɬɧɚɦɫɤɢ – 4. ɇɚɠɢɦɚɸ 1. – ȼɚɲ ɡɜɨɧɨɤ ɨɱɟɧɶ ɜɚɠɟɧ ɞɥɹ ɧɚɫ. Ⱦɥɹ ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɹ ɡɚ ɤɚɱɟ-ɫɬɜɨɦ ɨɛɫɥɭɠɢɜɚɧɢɹ ɪɚɡɝɨɜɨɪ ɦɨɠɟɬ ɡɚɩɢɫɵɜɚɬɶɫɹ. ȿɫɥɢ ɜɚɲ ɬɟɥɟɮɨɧ 530-477-1433, ɧɚ-ɠɦɢɬɟ – 1, ɟɫɥɢ ɧɟɬ – 2. ȿɫɥɢ ɱɟɬɵɪɟ ɩɨɫɥɟɞɧɢɟ ɰɢɮɪɵ ɜɚɲɟɝɨ ɧɨɦɟɪɚ ɫɨɰɢɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɫɬɪɚ-ɯɨɜɚɧɢɹ 8692, ɧɚɠɦɢɬɟ – 1, ȿɫɥɢ ɧɟɬ – 2. ȿɫɥɢ ɜɵ ɘɪɢɣ, ɧɚɠɦɢɬɟ – 1, ɟɫɥɢ ɜɵ ɧɟ ɘɪɢɣ – 2. ȿɫɥɢ Ⱦɪɭɠɧɢɤɨɜ – 1, ɟɫɥɢ ɧɟɬ – 2. ɀɦɭ – 1 ɢɡ ɩɨɫɥɟɞɧɢɯ ɫɢɥ (c. 12–13). ȼɨɨɛɳɟ ɨɛɟɡɞɭɲɟɧɧɨɫɬɶ ɢ ɦɟɯɚɧɢɫɬɢɱɧɨɫɬɶ ɫɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɨɣ ɠɢɡɧɢ, ɤɨɦ-ɩɶɸɬɟɪɢɡɚɰɢɹ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɩɨɪɨɠɞɚɟɬ ɧɟɦɚɥɨ ɤɨɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ, ɚ ɧɟɪɟɞɤɨ ɢ ɬɪɚɝɢɤɨɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɫɢɬɭɚɰɢɣ. ȼ ɮɚɰɟɰɢɢ Ɂɚɱɟɦ ɧɟɪɜɢɪɨɜɚɬɶ ɉɭɲɤɢɧɚ? Ⱦɪɭɠ-ɧɢɤɨɜ ɢɪɨɧɢɡɢɪɭɟɬ ɧɚɞ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɵɦɢ ɤɨɦɩɶɸɬɟɪɧɵɦɢ ɩɟɪɟɜɨɞɱɢɤɚɦɢ ɢ ɩɪɚɜ-ɳɢɤɚɦɢ-ɪɟɞɚɤɬɨɪɚɦɢ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɧɟ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɧɵ ɭɱɢɬɵɜɚɬɶ ɦɧɨɝɨɡɧɚɱɧɨɫɬɶ ɱɟɥɨ-ɜɟɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɪɟɱɢ, ɬɟɦ ɛɨɥɟɟ ɩɨɧɢɦɚɬɶ ɩɨɷɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɹɡɵɤ. ɉɨɞ ɩɪɢɰɟɥ ɟɝɨ ɢɪɨɧɢɢ ɩɨɩɚɞɚɟɬ ɢ ɧɚɜɹɡɱɢɜɚɹ ɪɟɤɥɚɦɚ, ɤɨɬɨɪɚɹ ɚɝɪɟɫɫɢɜɧɨ ɜɬɨɪɝɚɟɬɫɹ ɜ ɥɢɱɧɨɟ ɩɪɨ-ɫɬɪɚɧɫɬɜɨ. ȼɫɹ ɮɚɰɟɰɢɹ ɩɨɫɬɪɨɟɧɚ ɧɚ ɫɬɢɥɢɡɚɰɢɢ. ɋɧɚɱɚɥɚ ɩɚɪɨɞɢɪɭɟɬɫɹ ɪɟ-ɤɥɚɦɧɵɣ ɫɬɢɥɶ ɥɢɫɬɨɜɤɢ, ɩɪɟɞɥɚɝɚɸɳɟɣ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɭ ɉɂ-ɉɂ (ɉɟɪɜɵɣ ɂɧɬɟɪ-ɬɟɤɫɬɭɚɥɶɧɵɣ ɉɪɚɜɳɢɤ-ɂɧɬɟɥɥɟɤɬɭɚɥ), ɡɚɬɟɦ ɮɨɪɦɚ ɢ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɵ ɜɧɟɞɪɟɧɢɹ ɩɪɨɞɭɤɬɚ ɢ ɨɩɭɬɵɜɚɧɢɹ ɤɥɢɟɧɬɚ. ɉɪɢ ɷɬɨɦ ɧɟ ɪɚɡ ɨɤɚɡɵɜɚɜɲɢɣɫɹ ɜ ɫɢɬɭɚɰɢɢ ɧɚɜɹɡɵɜɚɧɢɹ ɪɟɤɥɚɦɧɨɝɨ ɩɪɨɞɭɤɬɚ ɱɢɬɚɬɟɥɶ ɧɚɫɬɪɨɟɧ ɨɬɧɸɞɶ ɧɟ ɧɚ ɫɦɟɲɧɨɟ, ɢɛɨ ɤɨɦɢɱɟɫɤɨɟ ɜɨɡɧɢɤɚɟɬ ɩɨɡɠɟ, ɤɨɝɞɚ ɪɚɫɫɤɚɡɱɢɤ ɪɟɲɚɟɬ ɩɪɨɜɟɪɢɬɶ ɩɪɨ-ɝɪɚɦɦɭ ɜ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɢ. Ⱦɥɹ ɩɪɨɜɟɪɤɢ ɨɧ ɜɜɨɞɢɬ ɫɬɪɨɮɭ ɉɭɲɤɢɧɚ „ə ɩɨɦɧɸ ɱɭɞ-ɧɨɟ ɦɝɧɨɜɟɧɶɟ”: ɉɢ-ɩɢ ɩɨɤɪɹɯɬɟɥ, ɜɢɞɢɦɨ, ɝɨɬɨɜɹɫɶ ɤ ɪɚɛɨɬɟ. – ɗɬɨ ɬɟɤɫɬ ɧɚ ɪɭɫɫɤɨɦ ɹɡɵɤɟ? – ɫɩɪɨɫɢɥ ɨɧ ɩɨɫɥɟ ɧɟɤɨɬɨɪɵɯ ɪɚɡɞɭɦɢɣ. – ɇɚɠɦɢɬɟ Yes ɢɥɢ No. ɇɚɠɢɦɚɸ Yes. – ɗɬɨ ɩɪɨɡɚ? Yes ɢɥɢ No? No. – ɗɬɨ ɫɬɢɯɢ? Yes ɢɥɢ No? Yes. […] – Ʉɥɢɤɧɢɬɟ ɬɪɟɛɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɭɫɨɜɟɪɲɟɧɫɬɜɨɜɚɬɶ ɫɬɢɥɶ ɩɟɪɜɨɣ ɫɬɪɨɤɢ „ə ɩɨɦɧɸ ɱɭɞɧɨɟ ɦɝɧɨɜɟɧɶɟ” Ʉɥɢɤɧɭɥ (c. 34). Ⱦɪɭɠɧɢɤɨɜ ɜɪɨɞɟ ɛɵ ɨɩɢɫɵɜɚɟɬ ɱɚɫɬɧɭɸ ɫɰɟɧɤɭ, ɧɨ ɫɦɵɫɥ ɟɟ ɝɨɪɚɡɞɨ ɝɥɭɛɠɟ: ɪɟɱɶ ɢɞɟɬ ɨ ɦɟɯɚɧɢɫɬɢɱɧɨɫɬɢ ɤɚɤ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɨɦ ɩɪɢɧɰɢɩɟ ɫɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɨɣ ɠɢɡɧɢ, ɨ ɪɚɫɱɟɥɨɜɟɱɢɜɚɧɢɢ ɱɟɥɨɜɟɤɚ, ɨɛɟɡɞɭɯɨɜɥɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ ɟɝɨ. ȼ ɦɢɪɟ, ɝɞɟ ɧɟɬ ɦɟɫɬɚ ɱɭɜɫɬɜɚɦ, ɝɞɟ ɜɵɛɢɪɚɬɶ ɦɨɠɧɨ ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɦɟɠɞɭ „ɞɚ” ɢ „ɧɟɬ”, ɝɞɟ ɩɨɥɟɬ ɜɨ-ɨɛɪɚɠɟɧɢɹ ɡɚɦɟɧɟɧ ɤɨɦɩɶɸɬɟɪɧɵɦ ɢɡɨɛɪɚɠɟɧɢɟɦ, ɧɟ ɦɨɠɟɬ ɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɨɜɚɬɶ ɢɫɬɢɧɧɚɹ ɩɨɷɡɢɹ. Ɍɨɱɧɨɫɬɶ ɪɚɡɪɭɲɚɟɬ ɜɨɥɲɟɛɧɭɸ ɫɢɥɭ ɫɥɨɜ, ɢ ɬɨɝɞɚ „ȼ
ɜɵ-ɪɚɠɟɧɢɢ «ɱɭɞɧɨɟ ɦɝɧɨɜɟɧɶɟ» ɫɥɨɜɨ «ɱɭɞɧɨɟ» – ɫɭɛɴɟɤɬɢɜɧɨɟ ɩɪɟɭɜɟɥɢɱɟɧɢɟ, ɚ «ɦɝɧɨɜɟɧɢɟ» ɧɟ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɬɨɱɧɨɣ ɮɢɡɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɜɟɥɢɱɢɧɨɣ” (c. 35). ɇɢɤɚɤɨɣ ɫɚɦɵɣ ɫɨɜɟɪɲɟɧɧɵɣ ɢɫɤɭɫɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɣ ɢɧɬɟɥɥɟɤɬ ɧɟ ɜ ɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɢ ɫɨɡɞɚɬɶ ɯɨɬɹ ɛɵ ɨɞɧɭ ɫɬɪɨɤɭ, ɪɚɜɧɭɸ ɩɭɲɤɢɧɫɤɨɣ. ɉɨɜɟɪɤɚ ɝɚɪɦɨɧɢɢ ɚɥɝɟɛɪɨɣ ɢɦɟɟɬ ɤɨ-ɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ, ɧɨ ɢ ɡɥɨɜɟɳɢɣ, ɩɪɟɞɭɩɪɟɠɞɚɸɳɢɣ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪ. ȼ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɟ ɪɟɞɚɤɬɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɛɟɫɫɦɟɪɬɧɵɟ ɫɬɢɯɢ ɉɭɲɤɢɧɚ ɩɪɢɨɛɪɟɥɢ ɬɚɤɨɣ ɜɢɞ: ə ɟɳɟ ɧɟ ɡɚɛɵɥ ɡɚɮɢɤɫɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɭɸ ɫɟɤɭɧɞɭ: ɉɪɟɝɪɚɞɢɜ ɦɧɟ ɩɭɬɶ, ɫ ɧɟɹɫɧɨɣ ɰɟɥɶɸ ɩɨɹɜɢɥɚɫɶ ɬɵ. Ʉɚɤ ɇɅɈ, ɩɪɨɥɟɬɟɜɲɢɣ ɫ ɜɵɫɨɤɨɣ ɫɤɨɪɨɫɬɶɸ ɜ ɉɢɰɭɧɞɭ, Ʉɚɤ ɭɦɵɬɵɣ ɥɚɭɪɟɚɬ ɇɨɛɟɥɟɜɫɤɨɣ ɩɪɟɦɢɢ (ɬ.ɟ. ɝɟɧɢɣ ɢ ɱɢɫɬɵɣ) (c. 40). ɋɨ ɜɪɟɦɟɧɢ Ƚɪɢɛɨɟɞɨɜɚ ɤɨɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɷɮɮɟɤɬ ɧɟɢɡɦɟɧɧɨ ɜɵɡɵɜɚɥɨ ɫɦɟɲɟ-ɧɢɟ ɮɪɚɧɰɭɡɫɤɨɝɨ ɫ ɧɢɠɟɝɨɪɨɞɫɤɢɦ, ɢɥɢ ɦɚɤɚɪɨɧɢɱɟɫɤɚɹ ɪɟɱɶ. əɡɵɤ ɪɭɫɫɤɢɯ ɷɦɢɝɪɚɧɬɨɜ ɜ Ⱥɦɟɪɢɤɟ ɢɪɨɧɢɱɟɫɤɢ ɨɛɵɝɪɵɜɚɥɫɹ ɦɧɨɝɢɦɢ ɩɢɫɚɬɟɥɹɦɢ. Ɍɚɤ, ɜ ɷɫɫɟ ɇɚɞɟɠɞɚ ɢ ɨɩɨɪɚ (ɫ ɩɨɞɡɚɝɨɥɨɜɤɨɦ ɋɟɪɞɰɚ ɝɨɪɟɫɬɧɵɟ ɡɚɦɟɬɵ) ɢ Ɍɭɞɚ – ɫɸɞɚ – ɨɛɪɚɬɧɨ Ɍɚɬɶɹɧɚ Ɍɨɥɫɬɚɹ ɫ ɫɚɪɤɚɡɦɨɦ (ɯɨɬɹ, ɦɨɠɟɬ ɥɢ ɝɨɪɟɫɬɧɨɟ ɫɨ-ɫɟɞɫɬɜɨɜɚɬɶ ɫ ɫɚɪɤɚɫɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɦ?) ɩɨɤɚɡɵɜɚɟɬ ɫɚɦ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫ ɩɨɞɦɟɧɵ ɫɜɨɟɝɨ ɱɭ-ɠɢɦ, ɧɟɜɚɠɧɨ, ɜ ɤɚɤɨɦ ɹɡɵɤɟ ɷɬɨ ɩɪɨɢɫɯɨɞɢɬ: ɜ ɚɧɝɥɢɣɫɤɨɦ ɪɭɫɫɤɢɯ ɷɦɢɝɪɚɧ-ɬɨɜ ɜ Ⱥɦɟɪɢɤɟ ɢɥɢ ɜ ɪɭɫɫɤɨɦ, ɡɚɫɨɪɹɟɦɨɦ ɱɭɠɢɦɢ ɢ ɱɭɠɞɵɦɢ ɫɥɨɜɚɦɢ. „ɇɢ ɧɨɪɦɚɥɶɧɵɣ ɪɭɫɫɤɢɣ ɱɟɥɨɜɟɤ, ɧɢ ɧɨɪɦɚɥɶɧɵɣ ɚɦɟɪɢɤɚɧɟɰ ɧɟ ɩɪɢɡɧɚɸɬ ɷɬɭ ɹɡɵɤɨɜɭɸ ɩɥɚɡɦɭ ɡɚ ɜɧɹɬɧɭɸ ɱɟɥɨɜɟɱɟɫɤɭɸ ɪɟɱɶ”4 . Ɍɨɥɫɬɚɹ ɫ ɝɨɪɟɱɶɸ ɤɨɧɫɬɚɬɢɪɭɟɬ, ɱɬɨ ɯɚɨɬɢɱɧɨɟ ɜɧɟɞɪɟɧɢɟ ɪɭɫɫɤɢɯ ɦɚɬ-ɪɢɰ ɜ ɚɧɝɥɨ-ɚɦɟɪɢɤɚɧɫɤɭɸ ɪɟɱɶ ɪɚɡɪɭɲɚɟɬ ɨɛɚ ɹɡɵɤɚ, ɛɨɥɟɟ ɬɨɝɨ – ɛɟɫɫɨɡɧɚ-ɬɟɥɶɧɨɟ, ɧɟɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɢɪɭɟɦɨɟ ɜɫɬɪɚɢɜɚɧɢɟ ɚɧɝɥɢɣɫɤɢɯ ɫɥɨɜ ɜ ɪɭɫɫɤɢɣ ɝɪɚɦɦɚ-ɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɫɬɪɨɣ, ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɨɛɪɭɛɤɨɜ ɤɨɧɫɬɪɭɤɰɢɣ ɢɡɦɟɧɹɟɬ ɦɵɲɥɟɧɢɟ ɥɸɞɟɣ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ „ɱɬɨ-ɬɨ ɬɳɚɬɫɹ ɫɤɚɡɚɬɶ ɞɪɭɝ ɞɪɭɝɭ”. ɉɢɫɚɬɟɥɶɧɢɰɚ ɩɪɢɜɨɞɢɬ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɧɭɸ ɫɰɟɧɤɭ: ɉɨɤɭɩɚɬɟɥɶ – ɩɪɨɞɚɜɰɭ: Ɇɧɟ ɩɨɥɩɚɭɧɞɚ ɫɜɢɫɫ-ɥɨɭ-ɮɟɬɧɨɝɨ ɬɜɨɪɨɝɭ. ɉɪɨɞɚɜɟɰ: Ɍɸ!.. Ɍɚ ɪɚɡɜɟ ɠ ɬɜɨɪɨɝ – ɫɜɢɫɫ-ɥɨɭ-ɮɟɬɧɵɣ? Ɍɨ ɠ ɱɢɡ! ɉɨɤɭɩɚɬɟɥɶ (ɭɞɢɜɥɹɹɫɶ): ɑɢɡ? Ɉɱɟɪɟɞɶ (ɜ ɧɟɬɟɪɩɟɧɢɢ): ɑɢɡ, ɱɢɡ! ɇɟ ɡɚɞɟɪɠɢɜɚɣɬɟ, ɥɸɞɢ ɠ ɠɞɭɬ. ɉɨɤɭɩɚɬɟɥɶ (ɤɨɥɟɛɥɹɫɶ): ɇɭ ɫɜɟɫɶɬɟ ɩɨɥ-ɩɚɭɧɞɚ ɱɢɡɭ. ɉɪɨɞɚɜɟɰ: ȼɚɦ ɩɨɫɥɚɣɫɢɬɶ ɢɥɢ ɰɟɥɵɦ ɩɢɫɨɦ?5 Ⱦɪɭɠɧɢɤɨɜ ɬɨɠɟ ɨɛɪɚɳɚɥɫɹ ɤ ɷɬɨɦɭ ɹɜɥɟɧɢɸ. Ɏɚɰɟɰɢɹ Ⱦɨɪɨɝɢɟ ɪɨɞɢ-ɬɟɥɢ. ɉɟɪɟɜɨɞ ɫ ɩɨɥɭɚɧɝɥɢɣɫɤɨɝɨ ɩɨɥɧɨɫɬɶɸ ɩɨɫɬɪɨɟɧɚ ɧɚ ɹɡɵɤɟ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɣ ɩɨ-ɥɭɱɢɥ ɧɚɡɜɚɧɢɟ „ɪɭɧɝɥɢɣɫɤɢɣ”.
Ɋɭɧɝɥɢҁɣɫɤɢɣ ɹɡɵҁɤ (ɚɧɝɥ.Runglish, Ruglish, Russlish) – ɧɟɨɥɨɝɢɡɦ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɦ ɢɪɨɧɢɱɧɨ ɨɛɨɡɧɚɱɚɸɬɹɡɵɤ, ɧɚ ɤɨɬɨɪɨɦɪɭɫɫɤɨɹɡɵɱɧɵɟɥɸɞɢ ɪɚɡɝɨɜɚɪɢɜɚɸɬ ɫɚɧɝɥɨɹɡɵɱɧɵɦɢ;
ɚɧɝ-________________
4Ɍ. Ɍ ɨ ɥ ɫ ɬ ɚ ɹ, ɂɡɸɦ, Ɇɨɫɤɜɚ 2003, ɫ. 159. 5Ɍɚɦ ɠɟ, ɫ. 158.
ɥɢɣɫɤɢɣ ɹɡɵɤ ɧɚ ɪɭɫɫɤɢɣ ɦɚɧɟɪ. C ɥɢɧɝɜɢɫɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɬɨɱɤɢ ɡɪɟɧɢɹ ɪɭɧɝɥɢɣɫɤɢɣ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜ-ɥɹɟɬ ɫɨɛɨɣɫɦɟɲɚɧɧɵɣ ɹɡɵɤɢɥɢ ɫɤɨɪɟɟ ɩɫɟɜɞɨɞɢɚɥɟɤɬ ɚɧɝɥɢɣɫɤɨɝɨ ɹɡɵɤɚ. Ɍɟɪɦɢɧ „Runglish” ɩɨɹɜɢɥɫɹ ɡɚ ɪɭɛɟɠɨɦ: ɜ2000 ɝɨɞɭɬɚɤ ɧɚɡɜɚɥɢ ɹɡɵɤ, ɧɚ ɤɨɬɨɪɨɦ ɤɨɫɦɨɧɚɜɬɵɨɛɳɚɸɬɫɹ ɧɚ ɛɨɪɬɭɆɟɠɞɭɧɚɪɨɞɧɨɣ ɤɨɫɦɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɫɬɚɧɰɢɢ. ɋ ɷɬɨɝɨ ɦɨɦɟɧɬɚ ɬɟɪɦɢɧ ɫɬɚɥ ɨɱɟɧɶ ɩɨɩɭɥɹɪɟɧ. Ɋɭɧɝɥɢɣɫɤɢɦ ɹɡɵɤɨɦ ɧɚɱɚɥɢ ɧɚɡɵɜɚɬɶ ɦɟɬɨɞ ɨɛɳɟɧɢɹ ɪɭɫɫɤɨɹɡɵɱɧɵɯ ɷɦɢɝɪɚɧɬɨɜ ɜ ɚɧɝɥɨɹɡɵɱɧɵɯ ɫɬɪɚɧɚɯ. ȼ ɱɚɫɬɧɨɫɬɢ ɧɟɪɟɞɤɨ ɲɭɬɹɬ, ɱɬɨ ɧɚ ɪɭɧɝɥɢɣɫɤɨɦ ɹɡɵɤɟ ɝɨɜɨɪɹɬ ɪɭɫɫɤɨɹɡɵɱɧɵɟ ɟɜɪɟɢ-ɷɦɢɝɪɚɧɬɵ, ɨɫɧɨɜɚɜɲɢɟ ɧɟɛɨɥɶɲɭɸ ɤɨ-ɥɨɧɢɸ ɧɚȻɪɚɣɬɨɧ-Ȼɢɱɜɇɶɸ-Ƀɨɪɤɟ, ɋɒȺ6 . ȼ ɮɚɰɟɰɢɢ Ⱦɪɭɠɧɢɤɨɜɚ ɪɭɧɝɥɢɣɫɤɢɣ ɹɡɵɤ ɫɬɚɧɨɜɢɬɫɹ ɢ ɩɪɟɞɦɟɬɨɦ ɢɪɨ-ɧɢɢ, ɢ ɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɨɦ ɢ ɩɪɢɟɦɨɦ ɤɨɦɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ. ɗɩɢɫɬɨɥɹɪɧɚɹ ɮɨɪɦɚ ɩɨɡɜɨɥɹɟɬ ɩɨ-ɤɚɡɚɬɶ ɜɫɟ ɨɫɨɛɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ ɷɬɨɝɨ ɹɡɵɤɚ. ɑɭɠɨɣ ɫɢɧɬɚɤɫɢɫ, ɤɚɥɶɤɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɵɟ ɨɛɨ-ɪɨɬɵ, ɜɬɨɪɝɚɹɫɶ ɜ ɪɟɱɶ ɷɦɢɝɪɚɧɬɚ, ɩɨɪɨɠɞɚɸɬ ɤɨɦɢɱɟɫɤɨɟ ɜɨɫɩɪɢɹɬɢɟ. „ȼɵ ɧɟ ɢɦɟɥɢ ɫɱɚɫɬɶɹ ɦɟɧɹ ɧɚɣɬɢ” ɩɨ-ɪɭɫɫɤɢ ɡɜɭɱɚɥɨ ɛɵ ɩɪɨɫɬɨ „ɜɵ ɦɟɧɹ ɩɨɬɟɪɹɥɢ” ɢɥɢ „ɜɵ ɦɟɧɹ ɧɟ ɦɨɝɥɢ ɧɚɣɬɢ”. ɇɨ, ɩɨɥɶɡɭɹɫɶ ɨɛɨɪɨɬɚɦɢ ɪɟɱɢ ɝɟɪɨɢɧɢ, ɩɢɲɭ-ɳɟɣ ɩɢɫɶɦɨ ɪɨɞɢɬɟɥɹɦ, „ɱɟɫɬɧɨ ɜɵɪɚɠɚɹɫɶ”, „ɪɭɫɫɤɨɝɨ ɹɡɵɤɭ ɨɧɚ ɩɚɬɨɥɨɝɢ-ɱɟɫɤɢ ɡɚɛɵɥɚ”. Ʉɨɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɷɮɮɟɤɬ ɫɨɡɞɚɟɬɫɹ ɧɟ ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɫ ɩɨɦɨɳɶɸ ɪɭɧɝɥɢɣɫɤɨɝɨ ɹɡɵɤɚ, ɧɨ ɢ ɫɢɬɭɚɬɢɜɧɨ. Ⱦɪɭɠɧɢɤɨɜ ɨɛɵɝɪɵɜɚɟɬ ɢɡɜɟɫɬɧɭɸ ɨɩɬɢɦɢɫɬɢɱɟɫɤɭɸ ɩɟɫɟɧ-ɤɭ ȼɫɟ ɯɨɪɨɲɨ, ɩɪɟɤɪɚɫɧɚɹ ɦɚɪɤɢɡɚ. ȿɝɨ ɝɟɪɨɢɧɹ ɫ ɢɞɢɨɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɦ ɨɩɬɢɦɢɡɦɨɦ ɫɨɨɛɳɚɟɬ ɪɨɞɢɬɟɥɹɦ, ɱɬɨ ɭ ɧɟɟ ɨɬɤɥɸɱɟɧ ɡɚ ɧɟɭɩɥɚɬɭ ɬɟɥɟɮɨɧ, ɱɬɨ ɤɭɩɥɟɧɧɵɣ ɪɨɞɢɬɟɥɹɦɢ ɤɨɦɩɶɸɬɟɪ ɭɤɪɚɥɢ, ɱɬɨ „ɨɱɟɧɶ ɯɨɪɨɲɢɣ ɛɨɣ Ɋɨɛɟɪɬɨ Ɋɚɛɢɧɨɜɢɱ” ɡɚɛɪɚɥ ɜɫɟ ɟɟ ɞɟɧɶɝɢ, ɱɬɨ ɩɨ ɞɨɪɨɝɟ ɢɡ Ɇɟɤɫɢɤɢ „ɫɥɭɱɚɣɧɨ ɨɛɧɚɪɭɠɢɥɨɫɶ”, ɱɬɨ ɨɧɚ ɛɟɪɟɦɟɧɧɚ ɞɜɨɣɧɟɣ, ɱɬɨ ɤɜɚɪɬɢɪɚ, ɤɨɬɨɪɭɸ ɫɧɹɥɢ ɞɥɹ ɧɟɟ ɪɨɞɢɬɟɥɢ, ɜɵɝɨɪɟɥɚ ɜɧɭɬɪɢ, ɢɛɨ ɨɧɚ ɡɚɛɵɥɚ ɜɵɤɥɸɱɢɬɶ ɬɨɫɬɟɪ, ɱɬɨ ɨɧɚ ɪɚɡɛɢɥɚ ɚɜɬɨɦɨ-ɛɢɥɶ ɩɨɞɪɭɝɢ. Ɉɬɪɢɰɚɬɟɥɶɧɵɟ ɫɨɛɵɬɢɹ ɩɟɪɟɱɢɫɥɹɸɬɫɹ ɩɨ ɜɨɡɪɚɫɬɚɸɳɟɣ. Ʉɚɠɞɨɟ ɫɨɨɛɳɟɧɢɟ ɫɨɩɪɨɜɨɠɞɚɟɬɫɹ ɫɭɦɦɨɣ, ɤɨɬɨɪɭɸ „ɫɤɨɪɨɩɨɫɬɢɠɧɨ”, ɩɨ ɟɟ ɜɵɪɚɠɟɧɢɸ, ɞɨɥɠɧɵ ɩɪɢɫɥɚɬɶ ɪɨɞɢɬɟɥɢ. ȼ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɟ ɫɨɡɞɚɟɬɫɹ ɨɛɪɚɡ ɫɨɜɟɪ-ɲɟɧɧɨ ɧɟɩɪɨɛɢɜɚɟɦɨɣ ɬɨ ɥɢ ɧɚɯɚɥɤɢ, ɬɨ ɥɢ ɢɞɢɨɬɤɢ, ɚ ɜ ɰɟɥɨɦ – ɫɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɨɣ ɚɦɟɪɢɤɚɧɢɡɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɨɣ ɝɟɪɥ, ɭɫɜɨɢɜɲɟɣ ɝɥɚɜɧɵɣ ɩɪɢɧɰɢɩ ɚɦɟɪɢɤɚɧɫɤɨɝɨ ɦɟɧ-ɬɚɥɢɬɟɬɚ: ɧɚ ɜɫɟ ɫɥɭɱɚɢ ɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɭɟɬ ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɨɞɧɚ ɪɟɚɤɰɢɹ – „okay”. ȼ ɷɬɨɦ ɪɚɫɫɤɚɡɟ Ⱦɪɭɠɧɢɤɨɜ ɩɨɫɬɨɹɧɧɨ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɟɬ ɩɪɢɟɦ ɭɬɨɱɧɟɧɢɹ ɢ ɞɨ-ɩɨɥɧɟɧɢɹ. Ʉɚɠɞɨɟ ɧɟɝɚɬɢɜɧɨɟ ɫɨɨɛɳɟɧɢɟ ɞɨɩɨɥɧɹɟɬɫɹ ɩɪɢɡɜɚɧɧɨɣ ɧɢɜɟɥɢɪɨ-ɜɚɬɶ ɟɝɨ ɪɟɩɥɢɤɨɣ ɚɜɬɨɪɚ ɩɢɫɶɦɚ, ɜɪɨɞɟ „ɇɟ ɜɨɥɧɭɣɬɟ ɫɟɛɹ ɜɚɲɢɦɢ ɜɡɞɨɯɚɦɢ: ɭ ɦɟɧɹ ɜɫɟ ɜ ɚɛɚɠɭɪɟ” ɢɥɢ „Dad, ɧɟ ɪɚɡɪɵɜɚɣ ɧɟɪɜɵ, ɜɟɞɶ ɦɨɠɧɨ ɭɩɥɚɬɢɬɶ ɱɚɫɬɹɦɢ, ɜɫɟɝɨ ɥɢɲɶ ɩɨ 33% ɜ ɦɟɫɹɰ”, ɢɥɢ „Ⱥ ɬɨ, ɱɬɨ ɞɨɤɬɨɪ ɧɚɲɟɥ ɜɟɧɟɪɢɱɟ-ɫɤɨɟ, Mom, ɧɟ ɛɟɪɢ ɜ ɝɨɥɨɜɭ, ɨɧ ɫɤɚɡɚɥ, ɱɬɨ ɜɩɨɥɧɟ ɥɟɱɢɬɫɹ” (c. 55–56). ɋɨɱɟɬɚ-ɧɢɟ ɧɟɝɚɬɢɜɧɨɣ ɩɨɫɵɥɤɢ ɫ ɭɪɚ-ɨɩɬɢɦɢɫɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɦ ɜɵɜɨɞɨɦ ɜɵɡɵɜɚɟɬ ɤɨɦɢɱɟ-ɫɤɭɸ ɪɟɚɤɰɢɸ. Ⱥɩɨɮɟɨɡɨɦ ɤɨɦɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɤɨɧɟɰ ɩɢɫɶɦɚ. ɉɨɫɥɟ ɜɫɟɯ ɞɚɥɟɤɨ ɧɟ ɪɚɞɨɫɬɧɵɯ ɞɥɹ ɪɨɞɢɬɟɥɟɣ ɫɨɨɛɳɟɧɢɣ ɥɸɛɹɳɚɹ ɞɨɱɶ ɪɟɡɸɦɢɪɭɟɬ: ________________ 6 Ɋɭɧɝɥɢɣɫɤɢɣ ɹɡɵɤ – ɱɬɨ ɷɬɨ ɬɚɤɨɟ?, http://infoenglish.info/publ/1-1-0-292 (11.09.2011).
ȼ ɨɛɳɟɦ, ɹ, ɤɚɤ ɛɵɥɚ, ɬɚɤ ɢ ɩɨ-ɩɪɟɠɧɟɦɭ okay. ɉɢɬɚɸɫɶ ɜɨɞɨɣ ɢɡ ɮɨɧɬɚɧɱɢɤɚ ɜ ɩɚɪɤɟ. ȼɨɞɚ ɱɢɫɬɚɹ, ɬɚɤ ɱɬɨ ɧɢɤɚɤɢɯ ɩɪɢɱɢɧ ɞɥɹ ɬɟɪɟɛɥɟɧɢɹ ɜɚɲɢɯ ɧɟɪɜɨɜ ɧɟɬɭ. ɋɩɥɸ ɭ ɫɨɫɟɞɚ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɣ ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɱɬɨ ɪɚɡɜɟɥɫɹ ɫ ɠɟɧɨɣ, ɢ ɟɦɭ ɧɟ ɫ ɤɟɦ ɫɩɚɬɶ. ɑɬɨɛ ɜɚɦ ɧɟ ɛɵɥɨ ɜ ɬɹɝɨɫɬɶ, ɧɚ ɩɢɬɚɧɢɟ ɦɧɟ ɩɪɢɫɵɥɚɬɶ ɧɟ ɧɚɞɨ, ɹ ɦɨɝɭ ɞɨɥɝɨ ɧɟ ɟɫɬɶ (c. 57). ɂɪɨɧɢɸ ɭ ɩɢɫɚɬɟɥɹ ɜɵɡɵɜɚɸɬ ɧɟɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɠɢɡɧɟɧɧɵɟ ɮɚɤɬɵ ɧɟ ɬɨɥɶɤɨ Ɍɚɦ, ɧɨ ɢ Ɍɭɬ, ɜ Ɋɨɫɫɢɢ. ȼ ɮɚɰɟɰɢɢ ɋɨɜɢɧɶɨɧ ɡɟɪɤɚɥɶɧɵɦ ɨɬɪɚɠɟɧɢɟɦ ɩɢɫɶɦɚ ɦɨɥɨɞɨɣ ɚɦɟɪɢɤɚɧɤɢ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɩɨɥɧɨɟ ɢɞɢɨɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɨɩɬɢɦɢɡɦɚ ɩɢɫɶ-ɦɨ ɪɭɫɫɤɨɝɨ ɫɨɥɞɚɬɚ ɧɟɡɧɚɤɨɩɢɫɶ-ɦɨɣ ɞɟɜɭɲɤɟ, ɤɨɬɨɪɭɸ ɨɧ ɱɟɪɟɡ ɛɢɧɨɤɥɶ ɭɜɢɞɟɥ ɧɚ ɩɥɹɠɟ. ɉɢɫɶɦɨ, ɧɚɩɢɫɚɧɧɨɟ ɤɚɤ ɫɩɥɨɲɧɨɣ, ɛɟɡ ɡɧɚɤɨɜ ɩɪɟɩɢɧɚɧɢɹ ɬɟɤɫɬ, ɩɨɤɚɡɵɜɚɟɬ ɧɟ ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɧɢɡɤɢɣ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɵɣ ɢ ɨɛɳɟɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɧɵɣ ɭɪɨɜɟɧɶ ɟɝɨ ɚɜɬɨɪɚ, ɧɨ ɢ ɭɛɨɝɨɫɬɶ ɟɝɨ ɠɟɥɚɧɢɣ, ɝɥɚɜɧɨɟ ɢɡ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɯ „ɨɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɢɬɶ ɞɚɜ-ɧɨ ɠɟɥɚɟɦɨɟ ɡɧɚɤɨɦɫɬɜɨ ɫ ɬɚɤɨɣ ɞɟɜɭɲɤɨɣ-ɠɟɧɳɢɞɚɜ-ɧɨɣ ɡɚɤɨɧɱɟɧɞɚɜ-ɧɨɝɨ ɮɨɪɦɢ-ɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɢ ɤɪɚɫɨɬɵ ɮɨɪɦɵ” (c. 67). Ⱦɪɭɠɧɢɤɨɜ ɬɚɤ ɫɬɪɨɢɬ ɮɪɚɡɵ, ɱɬɨ ɜ ɨɬɫɭɬ-ɫɬɜɢɟ ɡɚɩɹɬɵɯ ɱɢɬɚɬɟɥɶ ɦɨɠɟɬ ɞɟɥɚɬɶ ɩɚɭɡɵ ɬɚɦ, ɝɞɟ ɩɨɫɱɢɬɚɟɬ ɧɭɠɧɵɦ. Ⱦɚ ɢ ɫɚɦ ɚɜɬɨɪ ɩɢɫɶɦɚ ɜɜɨɞɢɬ ɜ ɬɟɤɫɬ ɧɟɫɤɨɥɶɤɨ ɞɟɫɹɬɤɨɜ ɫɬɨɹɳɢɯ ɨɞɧɚ ɡɚ ɞɪɭ-ɝɨɣ ɡɚɩɹɬɵɯ, ɩɪɟɞɥɚɝɚɹ ɞɟɜɭɲɤɟ ɫɚɦɨɣ ɢɯ ɪɚɫɫɬɚɜɢɬɶ ɩɨ ɬɟɤɫɬɭ, ɤɚɤ ɨɧɚ ɡɚɯɨ-ɱɟɬ. ȼ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɟ ɜ ɩɪɟɞɟɥɚɯ ɨɞɧɨɝɨ ɩɪɟɞɥɨɠɟɧɢɹ ɫɬɚɥɤɢɜɚɸɬɫɹ ɫɥɨɜɚ, ɧɟ ɫɨɜ-ɦɟɫɬɢɦɵɟ ɞɪɭɝ ɫ ɞɪɭɝɨɦ, ɱɬɨ ɢ ɨɛɭɫɥɚɜɥɢɜɚɟɬ ɷɮɮɟɤɬ ɚɛɫɭɪɞɚ. ɇɟɭɦɟɧɢɟ ɱɟɬɤɨ ɜɵɪɚɡɢɬɶ ɫɜɨɢ, ɞɚɠɟ ɫɬɨɥɶ ɭɛɨɝɢɟ ɢ ɧɟɡɚɬɟɣɥɢɜɵɟ ɦɵɫɥɢ, ɫɥɨɜɟɫɧɚɹ ɢɡɛɵɬɨɱɧɨɫɬɶ, ɫɦɟɫɶ ɲɬɚɦɩɨɜ, ɩɨɱɟɪɩɧɭɬɵɯ ɢɡ ɝɚɡɟɬ, ɚɝɢɬɚɰɢɨɧ-ɧɵɯ ɛɟɫɟɞ ɤɨɦɚɧɞɢɪɨɜ ɢ ɩɨɩɭɥɹɪɚɝɢɬɚɰɢɨɧ-ɧɵɯ ɫɨɜɟɬɫɤɢɯ ɠɭɪɧɚɥɨɜ, ɪɢɫɭɸɬ ɲɚɪɠɢɪɨ-ɜɚɧɧɵɣ ɨɛɪɚɡ ɡɚɳɢɬɧɢɤɚ ɪɨɞɢɧɵ. ɗɬɨ ɩɨ-ɫɜɨɟɦɭ ɱɟɫɬɧɵɣ ɢ ɞɚɠɟ ɛɥɚɝɨɪɨɞ-ɧɵɣ ɱɟɥɨɜɟɤ (ɧɚɫɤɨɥɶɤɨ ɩɪɢɦɟɧɢɦɵ ɷɬɢ ɷɩɢɬɟɬɵ ɤ ɨɛɪɚɡɭ-ɤɚɪɢɤɚɬɭɪɟ). Ɉɧ ɝɨɬɨɜ ɠɟɧɢɬɶɫɹ ɧɚ ɞɟɜɭɲɤɟ, ɟɫɥɢ ɨɧɚ ɜɞɪɭɝ ɡɚɛɟɪɟɦɟɧɟɟɬ. ɇɟ ɛɨɣɬɟɫɶ Ʌɸɞɚ ɨɛɦɚɧɚ ɤɪɟɩɤɨɝɨ ɦɭɠɫɤɨɝɨ ɫɥɨɜɚ ɤɨɬɨɪɨɟ ɦɚɦɚ ɬɟɛɟ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨ ɜɫɟɝɞɚ ɡɚɩɪɟɳɚɥɚ ɝɨɜɨɪɢɥɚ ɧɟ ɧɚɞɨ ɯɨɞɢɬɶ ɫ ɫɨɥɞɚɬɚɦɢ ɪɚɫɩɢɜɚɬɶ „ɋɨɜɢɧɶɨɧ” ɢ ɜ ɤɢɧɨ ɧɚ ɩɨɫɥɟɞɧɢɣ ɪɹɞ ɚ ɬɟɦ ɛɨɥɟɟ ɜ ɤɭɫɬɵ ɬɨ ɹ ɧɟ ɬɚɤɨɣ. […] Ⱥ ɟɫɥɢ Ʌɸɞɚ ɪɟɛɟɧɨɤ, ɬɨ ɞɚɸ ɫɥɨɜɨ ɫɨɥɞɚɬɫɤɨɟ ɢ ɜ ɰɟɪɤɨɜɶ ɜ ɛɟɥɨɦ ɩɥɚɬɶɟ ɜɦɟɫɬɟ ɩɨɣɞɟɦ ɩɨɞ ɜɟɧɟɰ ɧɟ ɫɦɨɬɪɹ ɱɥɟɧ ɜ Ʉɉɋɋ (c. 70). ɗɬɨɬ ɫɨɥɞɚɬ ɦɚɥɨ ɩɨɯɨɠ ɧɚ ɫɤɚɡɨɱɧɨɝɨ ɂɜɚɧɚ-ɞɭɪɚɤɚ ɢɥɢ ɧɟɫɤɨɥɶɤɨ ɩɪɢ-ɞɭɪɤɨɜɚɬɨɝɨ, ɧɨ ɭɞɚɱɥɢɜɨɝɨ ɑɨɧɤɢɧɚ. ȼ ɨɬɥɢɱɢɟ ɨɬ ɧɢɯ, ɨɛɥɚɞɚɸɳɢɯ ɫɧɨɪɨɜ-ɤɨɣ, ɧɚɪɨɞɧɨɣ ɯɢɬɪɨɫɬɶɸ ɢ ɫɦɟɤɚɥɫɧɨɪɨɜ-ɤɨɣ, ɚɜɬɨɪ ɩɢɫɶɦɚ ɩɪɨɫɬɨ ɨɛɪɚɡɟɰ ɧɟɜɟ-ɠɟɫɬɜɚ ɢ ɧɚɯɚɥɶɫɬɜɚ. Ɉɞɧɚɤɨ ɢɡɨɛɪɚɠɟɧɢɟ ɬɭɩɨɝɨ ɢ ɧɟɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɧɨɝɨ ɫɨɥɞɚɬɚ – ɷɬɨ ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɩɟɪ-ɜɵɣ ɩɥɚɧ, ɩɪɨɱɢɬɵɜɚɟɦɵɣ ɛɟɡ ɭɱɟɬɚ ɞɚɧɧɨɝɨ Ⱦɪɭɠɧɢɤɨɜɵɦ ɩɨɞɡɚɝɥɚɜɢɹ, ɜ ɤɨɬɨɪɨɦ ɨɧ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɟɬ ɠɚɧɪ ɪɚɫɫɤɚɡɚ ɤɚɤ „ɩɚɪɨɞɢɸ ɧɚ ɚɜɚɧɝɚɪɞɧɭɸ ɩɪɨɡɭ”. ɘɪɢɣ Ɍɵɧɹɧɨɜ ɜ ɫɬɚɬɶɹɯ ɨ ɩɚɪɨɞɢɢ ɡɚɦɟɱɚɥ, ɱɬɨ ɫɭɬɶ ɩɚɪɨɞɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɡɚɤɥɸ-ɱɚɟɬɫɹ ɜ „ɨɛɧɚɠɟɧɢɢ ɭɫɥɨɜɧɨɫɬɢ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ”, „ɞɢɚɥɟɤɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɢɝɪɟ ɩɪɢɟɦɨɦ”7 . Ⱦɨɜɨɥɶɧɨ ɟɞɤɨ ɩɢɫɚɬɟɥɶ ɪɚɫɤɪɵɜɚɟɬ ɢɡɛɢɬɵɟ ɩɪɢɟɦɵ ɫɨɡɞɚɧɢɹ ɩɪɟɬɟɧɞɭɸɳɢɯ ɧɚ ɧɨɜɢɡɧɭ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɟɞɟɧɢɣ. ɇɟ ɩɪɢɟɦɥɹ ɫɤɨɧɫɬɪɭɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɨɣ ɥɢɬɟɪɚɬɭɪɵ, Ⱦɪɭɠ-________________ 7ɘ. Ɍ ɵ ɧ ɹ ɧ ɨ ɜ, ɉɨɷɬɢɤɚ. ɂɫɬɨɪɢɹ ɥɢɬɟɪɚɬɭɪɵ. Ʉɢɧɨ, Ɇɨɫɤɜɚ 1977, ɫ. 214.
ɧɢɤɨɜ ɧɟ ɩɪɢɧɢɦɚɟɬ ɬɚɤ ɧɚɡɵɜɚɟɦɨɝɨ ɚɜɚɧɝɚɪɞɚ, ɜɫɹ ɧɨɜɢɡɧɚ ɤɨɬɨɪɨɝɨ ɡɚɤɥɸ-ɱɚɟɬɫɹ ɜ ɤɨɧɰɟɧɬɪɚɰɢɢ ɧɟɝɚɬɢɜɧɵɯ ɦɨɦɟɧɬɨɜ ɠɢɡɧɢ, ɚɛɫɭɪɞɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɟɟ ɩɪɨɫ-ɬɟɣɲɢɦɢ ɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɚɦɢ: ɧɟɩɪɚɜɢɥɶɧɵɦ ɫɢɧɬɚɤɫɢɫɨɦ, ɭɩɨɬɪɟɛɥɟɧɢɟɦ ɧɟɧɨɪɦɚ-ɬɢɜɧɨɣ ɥɟɤɫɢɤɢ, ɩɪɢɦɢɬɢɜɢɡɚɰɢɟɣ ɹɡɵɤɚ, ɨɬɫɭɬɫɬɜɢɟɦ ɩɪɚɜɢɥ ɩɭɧɤɬɭɚɰɢɢ. ȿɫɥɢ ɩɟɪɜɵɣ ɩɥɚɧ ɪɚɫɫɤɚɡɚ – ɩɢɫɶɦɨ ɫɨɥɞɚɬɚ ɤɚɤ ɬɚɤɨɜɨɟ – ɜɨɫɩɪɢɧɢɦɚɟɬɫɹ ɤɚɤ ɸɦɨɪɢɫɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɬɟɤɫɬ, ɬɨ ɜɬɨɪɨɣ ɩɥɚɧ – ɩɚɪɨɞɢɹ ɧɚ ɚɜɚɧɝɚɪɞ, ɚ ɬɨɱɧɟɟ, ɧɚ ɩɨɫɬɦɨɞɟɪɧɢɡɦ – ɩɪɨɧɢɡɚɧ ɢɪɨɧɢɟɣ. ɉɪɢ ɷɬɨɦ ɜɨɫɩɪɢɹɬɢɟ ɮɚɰɟɰɢɢ ɜ ɬɨɦ ɢɥɢ ɢɧɨɦ ɤɥɸɱɟ ɡɚɜɢɫɢɬ ɨɬ ɭɪɨɜɧɹ ɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɧɨɝɨ ɮɨɧɞɚ ɱɢɬɚɬɟɥɹ. Ɏɚɰɟɰɢɹ „Homo sovokus” ɩɨ ɮɨɪɦɟ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɹɟɬ ɫɨɛɨɣ ɬɟɥɟɮɨɧɧɵɣ ɪɚɡ-ɝɨɜɨɪ. ɗɬɨ ɞɢɚɥɨɝ, ɚɛɫɨɥɸɬɧɨ ɧɟ ɩɪɟɪɵɜɚɟɦɵɣ ɚɜɬɨɪɫɤɢɦɢ ɫɥɨɜɚɦɢ ɢɥɢ ɤɨɦ-ɦɟɧɬɚɪɢɹɦɢ. Ɉɧ ɨɫɧɨɜɚɧ ɧɚ ɫɢɬɭɚɰɢɹɯ, ɱɚɫɬɨ ɷɤɫɩɥɭɚɬɢɪɭɟɦɵɯ ɚɧɟɤɞɨɬɚɦɢ: ɬɟɥɟɮɨɧɧɵɣ ɡɜɨɧɨɤ ɧɟɡɧɚɤɨɦɨɝɨ ɱɟɥɨɜɟɤɚ, ɧɟɞɨɭɦɟɧɢɟ, ɜɨɡɧɢɤɚɸɳɟɟ ɭ ɚɞɪɟ-ɫɚɬɚ ɡɜɨɧɤɚ, ɛɟɫɰɟɪɟɦɨɧɧɨɟ ɩɨɜɟɞɟɧɢɟ ɧɟɡɧɚɤɨɦɰɚ. ɂɧɬɪɢɝɚ ɫɬɪɨɢɬɫɹ ɧɚ ɧɟɞɨ-ɪɚɡɭɦɟɧɢɢ. ɉɨɦɢɦɨ ɭɠɟ ɫɬɚɜɲɢɯ ɤɥɚɫɫɢɱɟɫɤɢɦɢ ɞɥɹ ɚɧɟɤɞɨɬɨɜ ɩɨɫɵɥɨɤ, Ⱦɪɭɠɧɢɤɨɜ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɟɬ ɢ ɬɟ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɜɨɡɧɢɤɥɢ ɫ ɦɚɫɫɨɜɨɣ ɷɦɢɝɪɚɰɢɟɣ ɢ ɜɵɟɡɞɚɦɢ ɡɚ ɝɪɚɧɢɰɭ, ɧɚɱɚɜɲɢɦɢɫɹ ɜ ɧɚɱɚɥɟ 1990-ɯ ɝɨɞɨɜ. ɉɨɹɜɢɥɢɫɶ ɧɟ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɧɵɟ ɩɪɟɠɞɟ ɩɟɪɫɨɧɚɠɢ: ɧɨɜɵɣ ɪɭɫɫɤɢɣ ɢ ɪɭɫɫɤɢɣ ɡɚ ɝɪɚɧɢɰɟɣ. ɉɟɪɫɨɧɚɠ Ⱦɪɭɠ-ɧɢɤɨɜɚ – ɦɚɪɝɢɧɚɥ, ɫɨɩɪɢɤɨɫɧɭɜɲɢɣɫɹ ɫ ɧɭɜɨɪɢɲɚɦɢ, ɧɨ ɫɚɦ ɬɚɤɨɜɵɦ ɧɟ ɹɜ-ɥɹɸɳɢɣɫɹ. ȼ ɟɝɨ ɝɨɥɨɜɟ ɡɚɫɟɥɚ ɦɵɫɥɶ, ɱɬɨ ɜ Ⱥɦɟɪɢɤɟ ɠɢɜɭɬ ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɛɨɝɚɬɵɟ, ɭ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɯ ɨɝɪɨɦɧɵɟ ɞɨɦɚ, ɫɨɛɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɟ ɫɚɦɨɥɟɬɵ ɢ ɹɯɬɵ. Ɉɛɪɚɛɨɬɚɧɧɨɟ ɝɥɚ-ɦɭɪɧɵɦɢ ɠɭɪɧɚɥɚɦɢ ɢ ɝɨɥɥɢɜɭɞɫɤɢɦɢ ɮɢɥɶɦɚɦɢ ɫɨɡɧɚɧɢɟ ɧɟ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɧɨ ɫɨɨɬ-ɧɟɫɬɢ ɢɥɥɸɡɢɸ ɫ ɪɟɚɥɶɧɨɫɬɶɸ, ɚ ɨɫɬɚɜɲɟɟɫɹ ɨɬ ɫɨɜɟɬɫɤɨɝɨ ɦɟɧɬɚɥɢɬɟɬɚ ɭɛɟɠ-ɞɟɧɢɟ, ɱɬɨ ɜɫɟ ɛɥɚɝɚ ɠɢɡɧɢ ɞɨɥɠɧɵ ɞɟɥɢɬɶɫɹ ɩɨɪɨɜɧɭ, ɨɛɨɪɚɱɢɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɧɚɝɥɵɦɢ ɩɪɟɬɟɧɡɢɹɦɢ ɢ ɬɪɟɛɨɜɚɧɢɹɦɢ. ɉɨɡɜɨɧɢɜ ɫɨɜɟɪɲɟɧɧɨ ɧɟɡɧɚɤɨɦɨɦɭ ɱɟɥɨɜɟɤɭ (ɚɜɬɨɪɭ), ɛɵɜɲɢɣ sovieticus ɬɪɟɛɭɟɬ ɬɨ, ɱɬɨɛɵ ɚɜɬɨɪ ɡɚ ɧɢɦ ɩɪɢɥɟɬɟɥ ɢɡ Ʉɚɥɢ-ɮɨɪɧɢɢ ɜ ɇɶɸ-Ƀɨɪɤ, ɬɨ, ɱɬɨɛɵ ɤɭɩɢɥ ɛɢɥɟɬ, ɪɚɡ ɭɠ ɧɟ ɦɨɠɟɬ ɩɪɢɥɟɬɟɬɶ, ɬɨ, ɱɬɨɛɵ ɯɨɬɹ ɛɵ ɭɠɢɧ ɜ ɪɟɫɬɨɪɚɧɟ ɡɚɤɚɡɚɥ ɢɥɢ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɨɜɚɥ ɬɭɪ ɩɨ ɭɧɢɜɟɪɫɢ-ɬɟɬɚɦ. ɂɪɨɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɨɬɜɟɬɵ ɚɜɬɨɪɚ ɜɨɫɩɪɢɧɢɦɚɸɬɫɹ ɟɝɨ ɫɨɛɟɫɟɞɧɢɤɨɦ, ɫɨɜɟɪ-ɲɟɧɧɨ ɥɢɲɟɧɧɵɦ ɱɭɜɫɬɜɚ ɸɦɨɪɚ ɢ ɧɟ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɧɵɦ ɩɨɧɢɦɚɬɶ ɢɪɨɧɢɸ, ɜɫɟɪɶɟɡ. Ʉɨɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɷɮɮɟɤɬ ɤɚɤ ɪɚɡ ɢ ɞɨɫɬɢɝɚɟɬɫɹ ɧɟɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɢɟɦ ɩɪɟɬɟɧɡɢɣ ɢ ɨɬ-ɜɟɬɨɜ ɧɚ ɧɢɯ, ɫɬɨɥɤɧɨɜɟɧɢɟɦ ɬɭɩɨɝɨ ɩɪɚɝɦɚɬɢɡɦɚ ɢ ɚɜɬɨɪɫɤɨɣ ɢɪɨɧɢɢ. Ɉɛɨɥɜɚɧɟɧɧɵɣ ɝɥɚɦɭɪɨɦ ɦɚɪɝɢɧɚɥ ɧɟ ɦɨɠɟɬ ɞɚɠɟ ɦɵɫɥɢ ɞɨɩɭɫɬɢɬɶ, ɱɬɨ ɜ Ⱥɦɟɪɢɤɟ ɧɚɞɨ ɪɚɛɨɬɚɬɶ, ɱɬɨɛɵ ɩɪɢɥɢɱɧɨ ɠɢɬɶ: ɏɚ! ɇɢɤɬɨ ɧɟ ɪɚɛɨɬɚɟɬ, ɜɫɹ Ⱥɦɟɪɢɤɚ ɫɢɞɢɬ ɭ ɤɚɦɢɧɚ, ɬɹɧɟɬ ɤɨɧɶɹɱɨɤ, ɥɨɜɢɬ ɮɚɧ. Ⱥ ɨɧ, ɜɢɞɢɬɟ ɥɢ, ɪɚɛɨɬɚɟɬ… Ɂɧɚɱɢɬ, ɧɟ ɯɨɱɟɲɶ ɩɪɨɹɜɢɬɶ ɡɚɛɨɬɭ ɨ ɫɜɨɟɣ ɛɵɜɲɟɣ ɪɨɞɢɧɟ? (c. 50). Ɉɬ „ɛɵɜɲɟɣ ɪɨɞɢɧɵ” ɨɧ ɯɨɪɨɲɨ ɭɫɜɨɢɥ ɩɟɪɟɫɬɪɨɟɱɧɭɸ ɪɢɬɨɪɢɤɭ: „ɩɨɦɨɝɚɬɶ ɫɨɨɬɟɱɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɢɤɭ”, „ɝɭɦɚɧɢɬɚɪɧɚɹ ɩɨɦɨɳɶ”, „ɡɚɛɨɬɚ ɨ ɪɨɞɢɧɟ”. ɗɬɨɬ ɭɱɢɜɲɢɣɫɹ ɜ ɬɸɪɶɦɟ „ɢɫɤɭɫɫɬɜɨɜɟɞ” ɥɢɲɟɧ ɤɚɤɢɯ ɛɵ ɬɨ ɧɢ ɛɵɥɨ ɦɨɪɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɩɪɢɧɰɢɩɨɜ. Ɉɧ ɩɪɢɜɵɤ ɜɫɟ ɛɪɚɬɶ ɧɚɝɥɨɫɬɶɸ, ɛɭɞɭɱɢ ɭɜɟɪɟɧɧɵɦ, ɱɬɨ „ɢɦɟɟɬ ɩɪɚɜɨ”. ɇɚɬɨɥɤɧɭɜɲɢɫɶ ɧɚ ɢɪɨɧɢɱɟɫɤɨɟ ɫɨɩɪɨɬɢɜɥɟɧɢɟ, ɨɧ ɝɨɬɨɜ ɢɞɬɢ ɧɚ ɫɧɢɠɟɧɢɟ ɡɚɩɪɨɫɨɜ, ɥɢɲɶ ɛɵ ɭɪɜɚɬɶ ɯɨɬɹ ɛɵ ɱɬɨ-ɬɨ. ɑɬɨɛɵ ɠɢɬɶ, ɤɚɤ
ɜ ɤɢɧɨ, ɨɧ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɟɧ ɩɪɨɞɚɬɶ ɢ ɜɨɟɧɧɵɟ ɫɟɤɪɟɬɵ (ɤɨɬɨɪɵɯ ɨɧ, ɤɨɧɟɱɧɨ, ɧɟ ɡɧɚ-ɟɬ, ɧɨ ɝɥɚɜɧɨɟ – ɩɪɟɞɥɨɠɢɬɶ, ɚ ɬɚɦ ɭɠ ɫɦɨɠɟɬ ɜɵɤɪɭɬɢɬɶɫɹ). Ⱦɪɭɠɧɢɤɨɜ ɧɟɫɥɭ-ɱɚɣɧɨ ɨɛɪɵɜɚɟɬ ɪɚɡɝɨɜɨɪ ɧɚ „ɜɨɟɧɧɵɯ ɫɟɤɪɟɬɚɯ”. ɉɨɪɬɪɟɬ ɬɚɤɨɝɨ ɬɢɩɚ ɪɭɫɫɤɢɯ ɡɚɜɟɪɲɟɧ: ɝɨɬɨɜɧɨɫɬɶ ɩɪɨɞɚɬɶ ɜɫɟ, ɧɢɱɟɦ ɧɟ ɝɧɭɲɚɹɫɶ, ɚɜɬɨɪɭ ɨɬɜɪɚɬɢɬɟɥɶɧɚ. ɇɚɱɚɜɲɢɫɶ ɸɦɨɪɢɫɬɢɱɟɫɤɢ, ɮɚɰɟɰɢɹ ɧɚɩɨɥɧɹɟɬɫɹ ɢɪɨɧɢɟɣ, ɚ ɜɧɟɡɚɩɧɵɣ ɨɛɪɵɜ ɪɚɡɝɨɜɨɪɚ ɜɧɨɫɢɬ ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬ ɫɚɪɤɚɡɦɚ. Ɏɚɰɟɰɢɹ ɢɦɟɟɬ ɮɨɪɦɭ ɞɢɚɥɨɝɚ, ɧɨ ɫɨɛɫɬɜɟɧɧɨ ɞɢɚɥɨɝɚ ɤɚɤ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɚ ɨɛɳɟ-ɧɢɹ (ɬ.ɟ., ɜɵɹɜɥɟɨɛɳɟ-ɧɢɹ ɨɛɳɧɨɫɬɢ) ɡɞɟɫɶ ɧɟɬ. Ɉɛɦɟɧ ɪɟɩɥɢɤɚɦɢ ɦɟɠɞɭ ɝɨɜɨɪɹ-ɳɢɦɢ ɩɪɨɢɫɯɨɞɢɬ ɜ ɪɚɡɧɵɯ ɪɟɝɢɫɬɪɚɯ. ɇɚɩɨɪɢɫɬɚɹ ɫɟɪɶɟɡɧɨɫɬɶ homo sovokus ɩɪɨɜɨɰɢɪɭɟɬ ɫɩɨɤɨɣɧɭɸ ɢɪɨɧɢɸ ɚɜɬɨɪɚ. Ʉɨɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɷɮɮɟɤɬ ɞɨɫɬɢɝɚɟɬɫɹ ɢɦɟɧɧɨ ɧɟɫɨɜɩɚɞɟɧɢɟɦ ɪɟɝɢɫɬɪɨɜ ɤɚɤ ɜ ɦɨɪɚɥɶɧɨɦ ɢ ɢɧɬɟɥɥɟɤɬɭɚɥɶɧɨɦ, ɬɚɤ ɢ ɜ ɤɨɦɦɭɧɢɤɚɬɢɜɧɨɦ ɩɥɚɧɚɯ. Ⱥɧɚɥɢɡ ɜɫɟɯ ɮɚɰɟɰɢɣ ɤɧɢɝɢ Ɍɚɦ – ɷɬɨ ɜɚɦ ɧɟ ɬɭɬ! ɩɨɡɜɨɥɹɟɬ ɫɞɟɥɚɬɶ ɜɵɜɨɞ, ɱɬɨ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɵɦɢ ɩɪɢɟɦɚɦɢ ɫɦɟɯɨɩɨɪɨɠɞɟɧɢɹ ɹɜɥɹɸɬɫɹ: ɧɚ ɤɨɦɩɨɡɢ-ɰɢɨɧɧɨɦ ɭɪɨɜɧɟ – ɞɜɭɯɱɚɫɬɧɨɟ (ɩɨ ɩɪɢɧɰɢɩɭ ɚɧɟɤɞɨɬɚ) ɩɨɫɬɪɨɟɧɢɟ ɪɚɫɫɤɚɡɚ, ɞɜɭɯɱɚɫɬɧɚɹ ɩɨɞɚɱɚ ɫɢɬɭɚɰɢɢ ɤɚɤ ɫɨɛɫɬɜɟɧɧɨ ɫɨɛɵɬɢɟ ɢ ɟɝɨ ɞɨɩɨɥɧɟɧɢɟ ɢɥɢ ɭɬɨɱɧɟɧɢɟ; ɧɚ ɫɬɢɥɟɜɨɦ ɭɪɨɜɧɟ – ɪɟɚɥɢɡɚɰɢɹ ɦɟɬɚɮɨɪɵ ɢɥɢ ɮɪɚɡɟɨɥɨɝɢɡɦɚ, ɭɬɨɱɧɟɧɢɟ, ɤɨɧɤɪɟɬɢɡɚɰɢɹ ɰɢɬɚɬ, ɤɪɵɥɚɬɵɯ ɜɵɪɚɠɟɧɢɣ; ɧɚ ɹɡɵɤɨɜɨɦ ɭɪɨɜɧɟ – ɦɚɤɚɪɨɧɢɱɟɫɤɚɹ ɪɟɱɶ. Ⱦɟɣɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɦ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɨɦ ɞɨɫɬɢɠɟɧɢɹ ɤɨɦɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɷɮ-ɮɟɤɬɚ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɧɟɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɢɟ ɮɢɧɚɥɚ ɱɢɬɚɬɟɥɶɫɤɢɦ ɨɠɢɞɚɧɢɹɦ. ɉɪɢ ɬɨɦ, ɱɬɨ ɩɢɫɚɬɟɥɶ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɟɬ ɨɞɧɢ ɢ ɬɟ ɠɟ ɩɪɢɟɦɵ, ɤɚɠɞɚɹ ɮɚɰɟɰɢɹ ɢɦɟɟɬ ɨɪɢɝɢ-ɧɚɥɶɧɵɣ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪ ɛɥɚɝɨɞɚɪɹ ɢɦɟɧɧɨ ɧɟɩɪɟɞɫɤɚɡɭɟɦɨɫɬɢ ɮɢɧɚɥɚ. ɇɟɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɪɚɫɫɤɚɡɵ ɫɛɨɪɧɢɤɚ Ɍɚɦ – ɷɬɨ ɜɚɦ ɧɟ ɬɭɬ! ɧɚɩɢɫɚɧɵ ɜ ɮɨɪɦɟ ɫɤɚɡɚ. Ɍɚɤ, ɪɚɫɫɤɚɡ Ʌɭɤɭ ɡɚɛɪɚɥɢ ɧɚɱɢɧɚɟɬɫɹ ɫ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɧɨɝɨ ɡɚɱɢɧɚ: „ȼ ɤɨɧɰɟ ɞɜɚɞɰɚɬɵɯ ɝɨɞɨɜ ɜɨ ɆɏȺɌɟ ɫɥɭɠɢɥ ɛɭɮɟɬɱɢɤɨɦ ɩɪɟɞɩɪɢɢɦɱɢɜɵɣ ɦɭɠɢɱɨɤ ɩɨ ɢɦɟɧɢ Ʌɭɤɚ”, ɛɟɡ ɤɨɬɨɪɨɝɨ, ɤɚɤ ɨɤɚɡɚɥɨɫɶ, ɫɚɦ ɪɟɠɢɫɫɟɪ ɋɬɚɧɢɫɥɚɜɫɤɢɣ ɛɵɥ ɤɚɤ ɛɟɡ ɪɭɤ. Ȼɭɮɟɬɱɢɤ ɢ ɨɫɨɛɵɣ ɱɚɣ ɫ ɥɢɦɨɧɨɦ ɩɨɞɚɜɚɥ ɪɟɠɢɫɫɟɪɭ, ɢ ɜ ɝɚɪɞɟ-ɪɨɛɟ ɛɟɫɩɥɚɬɧɨ ɩɚɥɶɬɨ ɩɪɢɧɢɦɚɥ, ɬ.ɟ. ɫɨɡɞɚɜɚɥ ɤɨɦɮɨɪɬɧɵɟ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɹ ɞɥɹ ɪɚ-ɛɨɬɵ ɬɟɚɬɪɚ. Ʉɨɝɞɚ ɛɭɮɟɬ ɧɚɰɢɨɧɚɥɢɡɢɪɨɜɚɥɢ ɢ Ʌɭɤɭ ɡɚɦɟɧɢɥɢ ɱɟɥɨɜɟɤɨɦ ɜ ɦɹɬɨɣ ɝɢɦɧɚɫɬɟɪɤɟ, ɋɬɚɧɢɫɥɚɜɫɤɢɣ ɩɨɡɜɨɧɢɥ ɋɬɚɥɢɧɭ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɣ ɥɸɛɢɥ ɛɵ-ɜɚɬɶ ɧɚ ɟɝɨ ɫɩɟɤɬɚɤɥɹɯ. ɗɬɚ ɩɪɟɞɵɫɬɨɪɢɹ ɞɚɧɚ ɜ ɧɟɬɨɪɨɩɥɢɜɨɣ ɢ ɨɛɫɬɨɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɣ ɫɤɚɡɨɜɨɣ ɦɚɧɟɪɟ, ɚ ɡɚɬɟɦ ɩɪɨɢɫɯɨɞɢɬ ɩɟɪɟɥɨɦ ɜ ɩɨɜɟɫɬɜɨɜɚɧɢɢ. Ɋɟɡɤɨ ɦɟɧɹɟɬɫɹ ɬɟɦɩ ɢ ɮɨɪɦɚ ɪɚɫɫɤɚɡɚ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɣ ɞɚɥɟɟ ɢɞɟɬ ɤɚɤ ɬɟɥɟɮɨɧɧɵɣ ɪɚɡɝɨɜɨɪ, ɬ.ɟ. ɞɢɚɥɨɝ ɫ ɯɚɪɚɤ-ɬɟɪɧɵɦ ɞɥɹ ɫɬɚɥɢɧɫɤɨɣ ɦɚɧɟɪɵ ɪɚɡɝɨɜɨɪɚ ɩɨɫɬɪɨɟɧɢɟɦ ɪɟɩɥɢɤ. əɡɵɤɨɜɚɹ ɢɝɪɚ, ɨɫɧɨɜɚɧɧɚɹ ɧɚ ɨɦɨɧɢɦɢɢ ɢ ɦɧɨɝɨɡɧɚɱɧɨɫɬɢ ɫɥɨɜ, ɨɛɵɱɧɨ ɫɨɡɞɚɟɬ ɤɨɦɢ-ɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɷɮɮɟɤɬ, ɧɨ ɜ ɷɬɨɦ ɪɚɫɫɤɚɡɟ ɤɨɦɢɱɟɫɤɨɟ ɬɟɫɧɨ ɫɜɹɡɚɧɨ ɫ ɬɪɚɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɦ. Ɍɪɚɝɢɤɨɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɫɦɵɫɥ ɞɢɚɥɨɝɚ ɜɩɨɥɧɟ ɩɨɧɹɬɟɧ, ɟɫɥɢ ɡɧɚɬɶ ɢɫɬɨɪɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɤɨɧɬɟɤɫɬ ɤɨɧɰɚ 1920-ɯ ɝɨɞɨɜ. ȼ ɪɚɡɝɨɜɨɪɟ ɜɨɡɧɢɤɚɸɬ ɞɜɟ ɬɨɱɤɢ, ɬɪɚɜɟɫɬɢɪɭ-ɸɳɢɟ ɫɬɪɚɲɧɵɣ, ɢɧɨɝɞɚ ɫɭɞɶɛɨɧɨɫɧɵɣ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪ ɬɨɝɨ, ɱɬɨ ɩɪɨɢɫɯɨɞɢɥɨ ɜ ɬɟ ɝɨɞɵ. Ɉɞɧɚ ɫɜɹɡɚɧɚ ɫ ɧɟɞɨɪɚɡɭɦɟɧɢɟɦ, ɤɨɬɨɪɨɟ ɜɨɡɧɢɤɚɟɬ, ɤɨɝɞɚ ɋɬɚɧɢɫɥɚɜ-ɫɤɢɣ ɠɚɥɭɟɬɫɹ, ɱɬɨ ɭ ɧɟɝɨ ɡɚɛɪɚɥɢ Ʌɭɤɭ. ɋɬɚɥɢɧ
ɡɚɫɦɟɹɥɫɹ, ɩɨɬɨɦɭ ɱɬɨ ɧɟɞɚɜɧɨ ɨɧ ɫɦɨɬɪɟɥ ɜɨ ɆɏȺɌɟ ɩɶɟɫɭ Ƚɨɪɶɤɨɝɨ ɇɚ ɞɧɟ. ɂ ɬɟ-ɩɟɪɶ ɨɧ ɪɟɲɢɥ, ɱɬɨ ɩɪɨɥɟɬɤɭɥɶɬɨɜɰɵ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɫɬɚɥɢ ɯɨɡɹɣɧɢɱɚɬɶ ɜ ɥɢɬɟɪɚɬɭɪɟ, ɢɡɴɹɥɢ ɧɟɫɨɡɧɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɤɪɟɫɬɶɹɧɢɧɚ Ʌɭɤɭ ɢɡ ɩɶɟɫɵ Ƚɨɪɶɤɨɝɨ ɇɚ ɞɧɟ (ɫ. 175). Ʉɨɦɢɱɟɫɤɨɟ ɧɟɞɨɪɚɡɭɦɟɧɢɟ ɨɩɢɪɚɟɬɫɹ ɧɚ ɜɩɨɥɧɟ ɪɟɚɥɶɧɵɟ ɮɚɤɬɵ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨ-ɫɬɢ ɫɥɢɲɤɨɦ ɛɞɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɣ ɩɪɨɥɟɬɚɪɫɤɨɣ ɤɪɢɬɢɤɢ, ɠɟɪɬɜɨɣ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɯ ɧɟ ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɜ ɥɢɬɟɪɚɬɭɪɧɨɦ, ɧɨ ɢ ɜ ɩɪɹɦɨɦ ɠɢɡɧɟɧɧɨɦ ɫɦɵɫɥɟ ɩɚɥɢ ɦɧɨɝɢɟ ɩɢɫɚɬɟɥɢ. Ʉɨɝɞɚ ɜɵɹɫɧɹɟɬɫɹ, ɱɬɨ ɪɟɱɶ ɢɞɟɬ ɨ ɛɭɮɟɬɱɢɤɟ, ɜɨɡɧɢɤɚɟɬ ɟɳɟ ɨɞɧɚ ɫɢɬɭɚɰɢɹ, ɨɫɧɨɜɚɧɧɚɹ ɧɚ ɫɥɨɜɟɫɧɨɣ ɢɝɪɟ. Ɋɟɠɢɫɫɟɪ ɫɨɨɛɳɚɟɬ, ɱɬɨ Ʌɭɤɭ ɩɟɪɟɜɟɥɢ ɧɚ Ʌɭ-ɛɹɧɤɭ, ɢ ɜɨɡɦɭɳɚɟɬɫɹ: Ɍɚɦ ɱɬɨ ɭ ɧɢɯ, ɜ ɝɚɪɞɟɪɨɛɟ ɜɟɲɚɬɶ ɧɟɤɨɦɭ? – Ɋɚɡɜɟ ɨɧɢ ɜɟɲɚɸɬ ɜ ɝɚɪɞɟɪɨɛɟ? – ɭɞɢ-ɜɢɥɫɹ ɋɬɚɥɢɧ. – ɑɬɨ-ɬɨ ɹ ɬɚɤɨɝɨ ɧɟ ɫɥɵɲɚɥ… ɇɚɞɨ ɛɭɞɟɬ ɫɩɪɨɫɢɬɶ ɭ Ɇɟɧɠɢɧɫɤɨɝɨ… (ɫ. 175). Ʉɨɝɞɚ ɨɤɨɧɱɚɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɜɫɟ ɫɬɚɧɨɜɢɬɫɹ ɧɚ ɫɜɨɢ ɦɟɫɬɚ, ɩɢɫɚɬɟɥɶ ɜ ɫɤɚɡɨɜɨɦ ɫɬɢɥɟ, ɤ ɤɨɬɨɪɨɦɭ ɨɧ ɨɩɹɬɶ ɜɨɡɜɪɚɳɚɟɬɫɹ ɩɨ ɨɤɨɧɱɚɧɢɢ ɞɢɚɥɨɝɚ, ɪɟɡɸɦɢɪɭɟɬ: „Ɍɚɤ ɛɥɚɝɨɩɨɥɭɱɧɨ ɜɵɹɫɧɢɥɨɫɶ, ɨ ɤɚɤɨɦ Ʌɭɤɟ ɢɞɟɬ ɪɟɱɶ. ɋɬɚɥɢɧ ɢ ɬɭɬ ɨɛɟɳɚɥ ɩɨɦɨɱɶ” (ɫ. 176). Ʉɚɡɚɥɨɫɶ ɛɵ, ɢɧɬɪɢɝɚ ɡɚɜɟɪɲɟɧɚ, ɜɫɟ ɪɚɡɪɟɲɢɥɨɫɶ ɛɥɚɝɨɩɨ-ɥɭɱɧɨ. ɇɨ ɨɫɬɚɜɶ ɩɢɫɚɬɟɥɶ ɬɚɤɨɣ ɮɢɧɚɥ, ɪɚɫɫɤɚɡ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɹɥ ɛɵ ɫɨɛɨɣ ɩɪɢ-ɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɧɭɸ ɸɦɨɪɨɦ ɫɤɚɡɤɭ ɨ ɞɨɛɪɨɦ ɜɨɠɞɟ, ɛɥɢɡɤɨɦ ɧɚɪɨɞɭ. Ⱦɪɭɠɧɢɤɨɜ ɞɟ-ɥɚɟɬ ɧɟɨɠɢɞɚɧɧɵɣ ɯɨɞ, ɩɨɜɟɪɝɚɸɳɢɣ ɱɢɬɚɬɟɥɹ ɜ ɫɜɨɟɨɛɪɚɡɧɵɣ ɲɨɤ ɫɜɨɟɣ ɧɟɨɠɢɞɚɧɧɨɫɬɶɸ: ɧɚ ɜɨɩɪɨɫ ɋɬɚɥɢɧɚ, ɧɟɬ ɥɢ ɭ ɪɟɠɢɫɫɟɪɚ ɤɚɤɨɣ-ɧɢɛɭɞɶ ɩɪɨɫɶ-ɛɵ, ɋɬɚɧɢɫɥɚɜɫɤɢɣ ɨɬɜɟɱɚɟɬ: „ȼɨɬ ɜɵ ɜɫɟ ɜɪɟɦɹ ɧɚɡɵɜɚɟɬɟ ɦɟɧɹ ɬɚɤ ɜɟɠɥɢɜɨ: Ʉɨɧɫɬɚɧɬɢɧ ɋɟɪɝɟɢɱ, Ʉɨɧɫɬɚɧɬɢɧ ɋɟɪɝɟɢɱ… Ɍɨɜɚɪɢɳ ɋɬɚɥɢɧ! Ⱥ ɤɚɤ ɜɚɲɟ-ɬɨ ɢɦɹ-ɨɬɱɟɫɬɜɨ?” (ɫ. 176). ɂɥɥɸɡɢɹ ɛɥɢɡɨɫɬɢ ɥɸɞɹɦ ɪɚɫɫɟɢɜɚɟɬɫɹ: ɞɚɠɟ ɞɥɹ, ɩɨɥɶɡɭɹɫɶ ɜɵɪɚɠɟɧɢɟɦ Ɏɚɡɢɥɹ ɂɫɤɚɧɞɟɪɚ, „ɞɨɩɭɳɟɧɧɵɯ ɤ ɫɬɨɥɭ” ɜɨɠɞɶ ɧɚ-ɪɨɞɨɜ ɨɫɬɚɜɚɥɫɹ „ɬɨɜɚɪɢɳɟɦ ɋɬɚɥɢɧɵɦ”. ɑɚɫɬɶ Ɍɭɬ ɜ ɠɚɧɪɨɜɨɦ ɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɢ ɫɨɫɬɨɢɬ ɧɟ ɫɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɢɡ ɮɚɰɟɰɢɣ, ɫɤɨɥɶ-ɤɨ ɢɡ ɫɤɨɥɶ-ɤɨɪɨɬɤɢɯ ɪɚɫɫɤɚɡɨɜ-ɡɚɪɢɫɨɜɨɤ, ɬɟɦɨɣ ɫɤɨɥɶ-ɤɨɬɨɪɵɯ ɹɜɥɹɸɬɫɹ ɧɟɫɭɪɚɡɧɨɫɬɢ ɢ ɚɛɫɭɪɞ ɠɢɡɧɢ ɧɚ ɩɪɨɫɬɨɪɚɯ ɩɨɤɢɧɭɬɨɣ ɪɨɞɢɧɵ. Ⱥɛɫɭɪɞ ɧɟ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɩɪɢɧ-ɰɢɩɨɦ ɢɥɢ ɩɪɢɟɦɨɦ, ɫɤɨɧɫɬɪɭɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɵɦ ɚɜɬɨɪɨɦ (ɤɚɤ ɜ ɬɟɚɬɪɟ ɚɛɫɭɪɞɚ, ɧɚ-ɩɪɢɦɟɪ, ɝɞɟ ɷɮɮɟɤɬ ɞɨɫɬɢɝɚɟɬɫɹ ɧɚɦɟɪɟɧɧɵɦ ɩɪɨɩɭɫɤɨɦ ɤɚɤɨɝɨ-ɬɨ ɥɨɝɢɱɟ-ɫɤɨɝɨ ɡɜɟɧɚ ɜ ɰɟɩɢ ɩɪɢɱɢɧɧɨ-ɫɥɟɞɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɯ ɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɣ ɢɥɢ ɜɵɩɹɱɢɜɚɧɢɟɦ ɧɟɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɝɨ, ɪɚɡɪɚɫɬɚɧɢɟɦ ɟɝɨ ɞɨ ɝɪɨɬɟɫɤɧɵɯ ɪɚɡɦɟɪɨɜ). Ⱥɛɫɭɪɞ ɜ „ɫɦɟ-ɯɨɬɜɨɪɧɵɯ ɩɨɜɟɫɬɹɯ” ɜɨɡɧɢɤɚɟɬ ɢɡ ɪɟɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɠɢɡɧɢ, ɨɧ ɟɟ ɜɧɭɬɪɟɧɧɟɟ ɤɚɱɟ-ɫɬɜɨ, ɩɨɪɨɠɞɟɧɧɨɟ ɫɨɰɢɚɥɶɧɨɣ, ɢɫɬɨɪɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ, ɛɵɬɨɜɨɣ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɶɸ. Ⱦɚɠɟ ɜ ɨɛɵɞɟɧɧɵɯ ɷɩɢɡɨɞɚɯ ɫɨɜɟɬɫɤɨɣ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɧɚɛɥɸɞɚɥɨɫɶ ɫɨ-ɫɬɨɹɧɢɟ „ɬɢɯɨɝɨ ɛɟɡɭɦɢɹ ɪɟɚɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ”, ɤɚɤɨɣ-ɬɨ ɮɚɧɬɚɫɦɚɝɨɪɢɱɧɨɫɬɢ, ɢ ɷɬɨ ɩɟɪɟɫɬɚɜɚɥɨ ɛɵɬɶ ɩɚɬɨɥɨɝɢɟɣ, ɚ ɩɪɟɜɪɚɳɚɥɨɫɶ ɜ ɩɪɢɜɵɱɧɭɸ ɧɨɪɦɭ ɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɨ-ɜɚɧɢɹ. ɉɟɪɫɨɧɚɠɢ Ⱦɪɭɠɧɢɤɨɜɚ, ɧɚɯɨɞɹɫɶ ɜɧɭɬɪɢ ɚɛɫɭɪɞɧɨɝɨ ɦɢɪɚ, ɧɟ ɡɚɦɟɱɚ-ɸɬ ɟɝɨ ɧɟɫɨɨɛɪɚɡɧɨɫɬɢ ɧɨɪɦɟ. ȼ ɪɚɫɫɤɚɡɚɯ Ⱦɟɥɨ ɨ ɲɥɹɩɟ ɢ Ɇɨɝɢɥɚ ɩɨɷɬɚ ɨɬɪɚɠɟɧ ɚɛɫɭɪɞ ɢɫɩɨɥɧɢɬɟɥɶ-ɫɤɨɝɨ ɪɜɟɧɢɹ ɧɨɦɟɧɤɥɚɬɭɪɵ ɪɚɣɨɧɧɨɝɨ ɦɚɫɲɬɚɛɚ. ȼ ɩɟɪɜɨɦ ɪɚɫɫɤɚɡɟ ɜɥɚɫɬɢ
ɝɨɪɨɞɚ ɧɚɡɧɚɱɚɸɬ ɫɩɟɰɢɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɪɚɛɨɬɧɢɤɚ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɣ ɞɨɥɠɟɧ ɫɥɟɞɢɬɶ, ɱɬɨɛɵ ɝɨɥɭɛɢ ɢ ɜɨɪɨɧɵ ɧɟ ɝɚɞɢɥɢ ɧɚ ɝɨɥɨɜɭ ɩɚɦɹɬɧɢɤɚ ɜɨɠɞɸ ɫ ɩɪɨɬɹɧɭɬɨɣ ɪɭɤɨɣ. ɋɬɚɪɢɤ ɞɨɛɪɨɫɨɜɟɫɬɧɨ ɦɨɟɬ ɜɨɠɞɹ ɤɚɠɞɵɣ ɞɟɧɶ, ɧɨ ɨɞɧɚ ɜɨɪɨɧɚ ɬɭɬ ɠɟ ɨɛɥɢ-ɜɚɟɬ ɝɨɥɨɜɭ ɛɟɥɨ-ɡɟɥɟɧɨɣ ɫɥɢɡɶɸ. ɑɬɨɛɵ ɢɡɛɚɜɢɬɶɫɹ ɨɬ ɧɚɡɨɣɥɢɜɨɣ ɜɨɪɨɧɵ, ɰɟɥɵɣ ɢɧɫɬɢɬɭɬ ɪɚɡɪɚɛɚɬɵɜɚɟɬ ɫɩɟɰɢɚɥɶɧɨɟ ɭɫɬɪɨɣɫɬɜɨ. ɇɨ ɞɟɥɨ ɞɜɢɠɟɬɫɹ ɦɟɞɥɟɧɧɨ, ɚ ɫɬɚɪɢɤ ɞɨɥɠɟɧ ɨɬɱɢɬɵɜɚɬɶɫɹ ɡɚ ɩɨɪɹɞɨɤ. ȼ ɨɬɱɚɹɧɢɢ ɨɧ ɜɨɞɪɭ-ɠɚɟɬ ɧɚ ɝɨɥɨɜɭ ɩɚɦɹɬɧɢɤɚ ɫɜɨɸ ɜɟɥɸɪɨɜɭɸ ɲɥɹɩɭ, ɜɵɞɚɧɧɭɸ ɟɦɭ ɦɟɫɬɧɵɦɢ ɜɥɚɫɬɹɦɢ ɤɚɤ ɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɦɭ ɪɚɛɨɬɧɢɤɭ. ɗɬɨ ɪɚɫɰɟɧɢɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɤɚɤ ɜɪɚɠɟɫɤɚɹ ɜɵɥɚɡɤɚ, ɫɬɚɪɢɤɚ ɚɪɟɫɬɨɜɵɜɚɸɬ ɢ ɨɧ ɭɦɢɪɚɟɬ. Ɂɚɤɚɧɱɢɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɢɫɬɨɪɢɹ „ɨɩɬɢ-ɦɢɫɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ” ɮɪɚɡɨɣ: „Ƚɨɜɨɪɹɬ, ɜɨɪɨɧɵ ɠɢɜɭɬ ɩɨ ɬɪɢɫɬɚ ɥɟɬ” (ɫ. 232). ȼ ɪɚɫɫɤɚɡɟ Ɇɨɝɢɥɚ ɩɨɷɬɚ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɚ ɫɬɨɥɶ ɠɟ ɚɛɫɭɪɞɧɚɹ ɫɢɬɭɚɰɢɹ, ɜ ɨɫɧɨɜɟ ɤɨɬɨɪɨɣ ɥɟɠɢɬ ɪɟɚɥɶɧɚɹ ɢɫɬɨɪɢɹ ɫ „ɨɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɢɜɚɧɢɟɦ” ɦɨɝɢɥɵ Ɇɚɤ-ɫɢɦɢɥɢɚɧɚ ȼɨɥɨɲɢɧɚ. Ʉɚɤ ɢɡɜɟɫɬɧɨ, ɩɨɷɬ ɡɚɜɟɳɚɥ ɩɨɯɨɪɨɧɢɬɶ ɫɟɛɹ ɧɚ ɜɟɪɲɢ-ɧɟ ɝɨɪɵ, ɱɬɨɛɵ ɪɹɞɨɦ ɲɭɦɟɥɨ ɦɨɪɟ. ȿɝɨ ɦɨɝɢɥɚ ɫɬɚɥɚ ɦɟɫɬɨɦ ɩɚɥɨɦɧɢɱɟɫɬɜɚ ɥɸɛɢɬɟɥɟɣ ɩɨɷɡɢɢ, ɩɨɤɥɨɧɧɢɤɨɜ ɟɝɨ ɬɜɨɪɱɟɫɬɜɚ. ɋɥɨɠɢɥɚɫɶ ɬɪɚɞɢɰɢɹ, ɱɬɨɛɵ ɤɚɠɞɵɣ, ɤɬɨ ɩɨɞɧɢɦɚɟɬɫɹ ɧɚ ɝɨɪɭ, ɩɪɢɧɟɫ ɫ ɫɨɛɨɣ ɤɚɦɟɲɟɤ. ɂ ɜɨɬ ɛɞɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɣ ɝɥɚɜɚ ɩɨɫɟɥɤɚ ɪɟɲɢɥ ɜɡɹɬɶ ɢɧɢɰɢɚɬɢɜɭ ɜ ɫɜɨɢ ɪɭɤɢ. Ⱦɨɪɨɝɭ ɧɚ ɝɨɪɭ ɛɟɬɨ-ɧɢɪɨɜɚɥɢ, ɜɞɨɥɶ ɧɟɟ ɩɨɫɬɚɜɢɥɢ ɤɢɨɫɤɢ, ɞɥɹ ɬɨɝɨ, ɱɬɨɛɵ ɧɟ ɩɟɪɟɬɚɳɢɥɢ ɜɫɟ ɤɚɦɧɢ ɫ ɩɥɹɠɚ ɧɚ ɝɨɪɭ, ɩɪɢɫɬɚɜɢɥɢ ɱɟɥɨɜɟɤɚ ɫ ɬɚɱɤɨɣ: ɩɚɥɨɦɧɢɤɢ ɩɪɢɧɨɫɹɬ ɤɚɦɧɢ, ɚ ɨɧ ɧɚ ɬɚɱɤɟ ɨɬɜɨɡɢɬ ɢɯ ɜɧɢɡ. Ⱥɛɫɭɪɞ ɧɟ ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɜ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹɯ ɚɞɦɢɧɢ-ɫɬɪɚɰɢɢ ɩɨɫɟɥɤɚ. Ɂɚɧɹɬɵɣ ɫɢɡɢɮɨɜɵɦ ɬɪɭɞɨɦ ɫɬɚɪɢɤ ɪɚɞɨɫɬɧɨ ɤɚɬɢɬ ɤɚɠɞɵɣ ɞɟɧɶ ɫɜɨɸ ɬɚɱɤɭ ɬɭɞɚ ɢ ɨɛɪɚɬɧɨ, ɧɟ ɨɫɨɡɧɚɜɚɹ ɛɟɫɫɦɵɫɥɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ ɬɚɤɨɣ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ. Ⱥɛɫɭɪɞ ɩɪɨɧɢɤɚɟɬ ɜɨ ɜɫɟ ɫɮɟɪɵ ɠɢɡɧɢ. ȼ ɪɚɫɫɤɚɡɚɯ, ɪɢɫɭɸɳɢɯ ɠɢɡɧɟɧ-ɧɵɣ ɚɛɫɭɪɞ, ɧɟɬ ɧɢ ɸɦɨɪɚ, ɧɢ ɢɪɨɧɢɢ. Ʉɚɤ ɩɪɚɜɢɥɨ, ɚɜɬɨɪɫɤɢɣ ɩɚɮɨɫ ɜɵɪɚ-ɠɚɟɬɫɹ ɜ ɠɟɫɬɤɨɣ ɧɚɫɦɟɲɤɟ, ɜ ɫɚɪɤɚɡɦɟ. Ɋɚɫɫɤɚɡɵ ɫɛɨɪɧɢɤɚ Ɍɚɦ – ɷɬɨ ɜɚɦ ɧɟ ɬɭɬ! ɧɚɡɜɚɧɵ ɩɢɫɚɬɟɥɟɦ ɫɦɟɯɨɬɜɨɪ-ɧɵɦɢ. Ɉɧɢ, ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɬɟɥɶɧɨ, ɬɜɨɪɹɬ, ɜɵɡɵɜɚɸɬ ɫɦɟɯ. ɇɨ ɫɦɟɯ ɷɬɨɬ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɨɝɨ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɚ ɜ ɪɚɡɧɵɯ ɜ ɠɚɧɪɨɜɨɦ ɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɢ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɟɞɟɧɢɹɯ. ȼ ɮɚɰɟɰɢɹɯ ɷɬɨ ɥɟɝɤɢɣ ɫɦɟɯ, ɜɵɡɵɜɚɸɳɢɣ ɜɟɫɟɥɨɟ ɧɚɫɬɪɨɟɧɢɟ, ɢɧɨɝɞɚ ɧɚɫɦɟɲɤɭ ɧɚɞ ɫɬɪɚɧ-ɧɨɫɬɹɦɢ ɥɸɞɟɣ. ȼ ɪɚɫɫɤɚɡɚɯ ɫɤɚɡɨɜɨɝɨ ɬɢɩɚ ɫɦɟɲɧɨɟ ɫɨɫɟɞɫɬɜɭɟɬ ɫɨ ɫɬɪɚɲ-ɧɵɦ ɢ ɬɪɚɜɟɫɬɢɪɭɟɬ ɟɝɨ. ȼ ɛɵɬɨɜɵɯ ɪɚɫɫɤɚɡɚɯ-ɡɚɪɢɫɨɜɤɚɯ ɫɦɟɯ, ɜɵɡɵɜɚɟɦɵɣ ɠɢɡɧɟɧɧɵɦ ɚɛɫɭɪɞɨɦ, ɩɪɨɧɢɡɚɧ ɝɨɪɟɱɶɸ ɢ ɨɬɪɢɰɚɧɢɟɦ ɷɬɨɝɨ ɚɛɫɭɪɞɚ.
