Ⱥɥɥɚ Ʉɚɦɚɥɨɜɚ
Instytut SáowiaĔszczyzny Wschodniej
Uniwersytet WarmiĔsko-Mazurski w Olsztynie
ɁȺɆȿɌɄɂ ɈȻ ɂɋɌɈɊɂɂ ɊɍɋɋɄɈȽɈ ɋɅɈȼȺ ɉȿɑȺɅɖ
Key words: Russian, history of a word, lexico-semantic group, hagiography, grief
ɂɫɬɨɪɢɱɟɫɤɨɟ ɨɩɢɫɚɧɢɟ ɝɪɭɩɩ ɫɥɨɜ, ɤɚɤ ɢ ɨɬɞɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɫɥɨɜ, – ɪɚɛɨɬɚ ɬɪɭ- ɞɨɟɦɤɚɹ ɢ ɫɥɨɠɧɚɹ. ɋɥɨɠɧɨɫɬɶ ɡɚɤɥɸɱɚɟɬɫɹ ɜ ɬɨɦ, ɱɬɨ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨ ɭɱɢɬɵ- ɜɚɬɶ ɦɧɨɝɢɟ ɮɚɤɬɨɪɵ ɩɪɨɢɫɯɨɠɞɟɧɢɹ ɢ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɨɧɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɫɥɨɜɚ, ɢɫɬɨɪɢɸ ɫɥɨɜɚ ɧɟɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨ ɩɢɫɚɬɶ ɜ ɨɬɪɵɜɟ ɨɬ ɢɫɬɨɪɢɢ ɥɢɬɟɪɚɬɭɪɧɨɝɨ ɹɡɵɤɚ, ɟɝɨ ɢɫ- ɬɨɱɧɢɤɨɜ. Ɉɛɪɚɳɚɹɫɶ ɤ ɢɫɬɨɪɢɢ ɫɥɨɜɚ, ɩɪɢɡɧɚɟɦ, ɱɬɨ ɫɥɨɜɨ ɜɨɡɧɢɤɚɟɬ ɢ ɪɚɡ- ɜɢɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɧɚ ɩɟɪɟɫɟɱɟɧɢɢ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɵɯ ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪ ɹɡɵɤɚ ɢ ɜɧɟɹɡɵɤɨɜɨɣ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢ- ɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ, ɩɨɷɬɨɦɭ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨ ɭɱɢɬɵɜɚɬɶ ɫɟɦɚɧɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ, ɮɭɧɤɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɵɟ, ɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɧɵɟ ɢ ɢɫɬɨɪɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɮɚɤɬɵ, ɫɨɱɟɬɚɹ ɩɪɢɧɰɢɩɵ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɨɰɟɧɬɪɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɢ ɚɧɬɪɨɩɨɰɟɧɬɪɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɨɩɢɫɚɧɢɹ ɹɡɵɤɚ ɧɚ ɨɫɧɨɜɟ ɞɢɧɚɦɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ (ɫɢɧɯɪɨɧ- ɧɨ-ɞɢɚɯɪɨɧɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ) ɩɨɞɯɨɞɚ ɤ ɢɡɭɱɟɧɢɸ ɫɟɦɚɧɬɢɤɢ.
Ʉ ɮɟɧɨɦɟɧɭ ɹɡɵɤɨɜɨɣ ɤɨɧɰɟɩɬɭɚɥɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɧɭɠɧɨ ɩɨɞɯɨɞɢɬɶ ɤɚɤ ɤ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɭ;
ɹɡɵɤɨɜɚɹ ɤɚɪɬɢɧɚ ɦɢɪɚ – ɷɬɨ ɞɢɧɚɦɢɤɚ: ɤɚɤɢɟ-ɬɨ ɟɟ ɮɪɚɝɦɟɧɬɵ ɫɤɥɚɞɵɜɚɸɬɫɹ, ɜɵɹɜɥɹɸɬɫɹ ɫ ɬɟɱɟɧɢɟɦ ɜɪɟɦɟɧɢ, ɚ ɤɚɤɢɟ-ɬɨ, ɧɚɩɪɨɬɢɜ, – ɡɚɬɟɦɧɹɸɬɫɹ, ɜ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɟ ɱɟɝɨ ɧɚɲɟ ɭɩɨɬɪɟɛɥɟɧɢɟ ɤɚɠɟɬɫɹ ɧɚ ɩɟɪɜɵɣ ɜɡɝɥɹɞ ɧɢɱɟɦ ɧɟ ɦɨɬɢɜɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɵɦ (ɧɟɞɚɪɨɦ Ƚɭɦɛɨɥɶɞɬ ɨ ɹɡɵɤɨɜɨɦ ɦɵɲɥɟɧɢɢ ɝɨɜɨɪɢɥ ɤɚɤ ɨ „ɜɧɭɬɪɟɧɧɟɣ ɮɨɪɦɟ ɹɡɵɤɚ”). Ⱥɩɟɥɥɹɰɢɹ ɠɟ „ɜɧɭɬɪɶ”, ɤɚɤ ɩɪɚɜɢɥɨ, ɨɡɧɚɱɚɟɬ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɟ „ɜɝɥɭɛɶ”
(ɜɪɟɦɟɧɢ), ɚɩɟɥɥɹɰɢɸ ɤ ɩɪɨɲɥɨɦɭ ɹɡɵɤɚ ɢ ɹɡɵɤɨɜɨɝɨ ɦɵɲɥɟɧɢɹ [əɤɨɜɥɟɜɚ 1996: 50].
ɉɪɢ ɨɩɢɫɚɧɢɢ ɢɫɬɨɪɢɢ ɫɥɨɜɚ ɩɟɱɚɥɶ ɨɩɢɪɚɥɢɫɶ ɧɚ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɵ ɢɫɬɨɪɢɱɟɫ- ɤɢɯ ɫɥɨɜɚɪɟɣ, ɞɪɟɜɧɟɪɭɫɫɤɢɯ ɢ ɫɬɚɪɨɪɭɫɫɤɢɯ ɩɚɦɹɬɧɢɤɨɜ XI–XVII ɜɜ. ɉɟɪɜɨ- ɧɚɱɚɥɶɧɨ ɨɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɥɹɥɚɫɶ ɜɵɛɨɪɤɚ ɤɨɧɬɟɤɫɬɨɜ, ɫɨɨɬɧɨɫɢɦɵɯ ɫ ɩɫɢɯɢɱɟɫɤɢɦ ɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɟɦ. Ȼɵɥɨ ɜɵɹɜɥɟɧɨ, ɱɬɨ ɤɨɧɬɟɤɫɬɵ, ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɳɢɟ ɨɩɢɫɚɧɢɟ ɷɦɨɰɢɨ- ɧɚɥɶɧɵɯ (ɩɫɢɯɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ) ɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɣ, ɨɬɧɨɫɹɬɫɹ ɩɪɟɠɞɟ ɜɫɟɝɨ ɤ ɚɝɢɨɝɪɚɮɢɱɟɫ- ɤɨɣ ɥɢɬɟɪɚɬɭɪɟ. ɉɨɷɬɨɦɭ ɜ ɞɚɥɶɧɟɣɲɢɯ ɪɚɫɫɭɠɞɟɧɢɹɯ ɩɪɢɜɥɟɤɚɟɦ, ɚɝɢɨɝɪɚ- ɮɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɬɟɤɫɬɵ (ɫɦ. ɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤɢ).
ɗɬɚ ɩɪɟɤɪɚɫɧɚɹ ɥɢɬɟɪɚɬɭɪɚ Ⱦɪɟɜɧɟɣ Ɋɭɫɢ, ɤɪɨɦɟ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɯ, ɢɫɬɨɪɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɫɨɛɵɬɢɣ ɢ ɥɢɱɧɨɫɬɟɣ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɦ ɫɥɭɠɢɬ ɩɪɚɜɞɢɜɵɦ ɜɵɪɚɠɟɧɶɟɦ, ɫɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɥɚɫɶ ISSN 1509-1619
ɩɨɞ ɜɥɢɹɧɢɟɦ ɩɨɷɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ, ɩɨɜɟɫɬɜɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤɨɜ, ɢɧɨɫɬɪɚɧɧɵɯ ɢ ɢɧɨɡɟɦɧɵɯ... ɋɨɝɪɟɬɵɟ ɫɚɦɵɦ ɬɟɩɥɵɦ, ɢɫɤɪɟɧɧɢɦ ɜɟɪɨɜɚɧɢɟɦ ɩɨɜɟɫɬɜɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɷɬɢ ɫɥɭɠɚɬ ɜɵɪɚɠɟɧɢɟɦ ɧɟ ɥɢɱɧɵɯ ɭɛɟɠɞɟɧɢɣ ɩɢɫɚɬɟɥɹ, ɧɨ ɜɵɫɨɤɨɝɨ ɪɟɥɢɝɢɨɡɧɨɝɨ ɜɞɨɯɧɨɜɟɧɶɹ ɰɟɥɵɯ ɦɚɫɫ ɧɚɪɨɞɧɵɯ – ɜɞɨɯɧɨɜɟɧɶɹ, ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɫɥɟɡɚɦɢ ɢ ɦɨɥɢɬɜɨɸ, ɜ ɫɬɪɚɯɟ ɢ ɧɚɞɟɠɞɟ ɬɪɟɩɟɳɭɳɟɝɨ ɩɟɪɟɞ ɜɵɫɲɢɦɢ ɧɟɛɟɫɧɵɦɢ ɫɢɥɚɦɢ, ɧɚ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɧɚɪɨɞ ɜɨɡɥɚɝɚɟɬ ɫɜɨɢ ɭɩɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɢ ɜ ɛɟɞɚɯ, ɢ ɝɨɪɟɫɬɹɯ ɠɢɬɟɣɫɤɢɯ [Ȼɭɫɥɚɟɜ 1990: 81].
ɋ ɩɪɢɧɹɬɢɟɦ ɯɪɢɫɬɢɚɧɫɬɜɚ ɧɚ Ɋɭɫɢ ɩɨɥɭɱɚɸɬ ɪɚɫɩɪɨɫɬɪɚɧɟɧɢɹ ɩɟɪɟɜɨɞ- ɧɵɟ ɠɢɬɢɹ, ɧɨ ɭɠɟ ɜ ɤɨɧɰɟ XI – ɧɚɱɚɥɟ XII ɜɜ. ɩɨɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɫɜɨɹ ɚɝɢɨɝɪɚɮɢɱɟɫ- ɤɚɹ ɥɢɬɟɪɚɬɭɪɚ. Ɉɛɪɚɡɰɚɦɢ ɫɬɚɥɢ ɧɚɪɨɞɧɵɟ ɜɢɡɚɧɬɢɣɫɤɢɟ ɠɢɬɢɹ, ɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɨ- ɜɚɜɲɢɟ ɜ ɮɨɪɦɟ ɦɚɪɬɢɪɢɣ ɢ ɠɢɡɧɟɨɩɢɫɚɧɢɣ.
Ⱦɥɹ ɜɫɟɯ ɩɨɥɨɠɟɧɢɣ ɭ ɚɝɢɨɝɪɚɮɚ ɭɠɟ ɛɵɥɚ ɫɜɨɹ ɩɪɟɞɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɧɚɹ ɫɯɟɦɚ. ɇɟɪɟɞɤɨ ɨɧɚ ɩɟɪɟɧɨɫɢɥɚɫɶ ɢɡ ɠɢɬɢɹ ɜ ɠɢɬɢɟ – ɧɟ ɩɨɬɨɦɭ, ɱɬɨ ɭ ɚɜɬɨɪɚ ɧɟ ɛɵɥɨ ɜ ɡɚɩɚɫɟ ɞɪɭɝɨɣ, ɫɨɛɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɢɡɨɛɪɟɬɟɧɢɹ, ɚ ɩɨɬɨɦɭ, ɱɬɨ ɬɚɤɚɹ ɫɯɟɦɚ ɰɟɧɢɥɚɫɶ ɚɜɬɨɪɨɦ ɫɚɦɚ ɩɨ ɫɟɛɟ, ɤɚɤ ɭɠɟ ɧɚɣɞɟɧɧɚɹ ɢ ɡɚɤɪɟɩɥɟɧɧɚɹ ɞɥɹ ɞɚɧɧɨɝɨ ɩɨɥɨɠɟɧɢɹ ɧɚɢɛɨɥɟɟ ɫɨɜɟɪɲɟɧɧɚɹ ɟɝɨ ɮɨɪɦɚ. Ɂɞɟɫɶ ɫɯɨɞɫɬɜɨ – ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬ ɧɟ ɫɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɩɨɞɪɚɠɚɧɢɹ ɝɨɬɨɜɵɦ ɥɢɬɟɪɚɬɭɪɧɵɦ ɨɛɪɚɡɰɚɦ, ɫɤɨɥɶɤɨ ɩɪɨɹɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɧɨɣ ɞɥɹ ɜɫɹɤɨɝɨ ɚɝɢɨɝɪɚɮɚ ɬɟɧɞɟɧɰɢɢ ɫɜɟɫɬɢ ɤ ɧɟɤɨɟɦɭ ɚɛɫɬɪɚɤɬɧɨɦɭ ɟɞɢɧɫɬɜɭ ɜɫɟ ɦɧɨɝɨɨɛɪɚɡɢɟ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ [ȿɪɟɦɢɧ 1968: 15].
ɗɬɨɬ ɮɚɤɬ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɦ ɞɥɹ ɥɢɧɝɜɢɫɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɧɚɛɥɸɞɟɧɢɣ; ɨɧ ɞɚɟɬ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɫɬɶ ɜɵɹɜɢɬɶ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɧɵɟ ɮɨɪɦɭɥɵ ɨɩɢɫɚɧɢɹ ɞɭɲɟɜɧɵɯ ɩɟɪɟ- ɠɢɜɚɧɢɣ ɜ ɞɪɟɜɧɟɪɭɫɫɤɨɣ ɥɢɬɟɪɚɬɭɪɟ (ɩɨɞɪɨɛɧɟɟ ɫɦ. [Ʉɚɦɚɥɨɜɚ 1994]).
ȼ ɠɢɬɢɹɯ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɚ ɥɟɤɫɢɤɚ, ɫɨɨɬɧɨɫɢɦɚɹ ɫ ɩɨɧɹɬɢɹɦɢ „ɠɚɥɨɫɬɶ”,
„ɥɸɛɨɜɶ”, „ɫɬɪɚɯ”, „ɝɧɟɜ”, „ɪɚɞɨɫɬɶ”, „ɭɞɢɜɥɟɧɢɟ” ɢ ɩɨɞ., ɧɨ ɧɚɢɛɨɥɟɟ ɱɚɫ- ɬɨɬɧɚ ɫɨɨɬɧɨɫɢɦɚɹ ɫ ɩɨɧɹɬɢɟɦ „ɩɟɱɚɥɶ”, ɱɬɨ ɜɩɨɥɧɟ ɨɛɴɹɫɧɢɦɨ ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɧɢ- ɟɦ ɬɟɤɫɬɨɜ, ɚ ɫɪɚɜɧɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɣ ɚɧɚɥɢɡ ɚɝɢɨɝɪɚɮɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɬɟɤɫɬɨɜ, ɩɪɨɜɟɞɟɧɧɵɣ ɜ [Ʉɚɦɚɥɨɜɚ 1994: 99–100], ɜɵɹɜɢɥ ɨɞɧɨ ɢɡ ɫɚɦɵɯ „ɩɟɱɚɥɶɧɵɯ” ɠɢɬɢɣ-ɦɚɪ- ɬɢɪɢɣ – ɷɬɨ ɋɤɚɡɚɧɢɟ ɨ Ȼɨɪɢɫɟ ɢ Ƚɥɟɛɟ. Ɏɚɤɬ ɱɚɫɬɨɬɧɨɫɬɢ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɨɧɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɜ ɞɪɟɜɧɟɪɭɫɫɤɢɯ ɬɟɤɫɬɚɯ ɫɥɨɜɚ ɩɟɱɚɥɶ ɨɛɴɹɫɧɹɟɬ ɨɛɪɚɳɟɧɢɟ ɤ eɝo ɢɫɬɨɪɢɢ.
ɋɥɨɜɚ ɪɟɚɥɶɧɨ ɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɭɸɬ ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɜɨ ɜɡɚɢɦɨɫɜɹɡɢ, ɩɨɷɬɨɦɭ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨ ɫɬɪɨɢɬɶ ɜɵɜɨɞɵ ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɧɚ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɢ ɫɨɨɬɧɨɫɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɪɹɞɨɜ ɫɥɨɜ. Ⱦɥɹ ɞɚɥɶɧɟɣɲɢɯ ɪɚɫɫɭɠɞɟɧɢɣ ɩɨ ɩɨɜɨɞɭ ɢɫɬɨɪɢɢ ɥɟɤɫɢɤɨ-ɫɟɦɚɧɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɝɪɭɩɩɵ ɫɨ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɟɦ ‘ɩɟɱɚɥɶ’ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨ ɨɛɪɚɬɢɬɶɫɹ ɤɚɤ ɤ ɞɪɟɜɧɟɪɭɫɫɤɢɦ ɧɨɦɢɧɚɧ- ɬɚɦ ɝɪɭɩɩɵ, ɬɚɤ ɢ ɤ ɧɚɛɨɪɭ ɫɦɵɫɥɨɜ, ɧɚ ɨɫɧɨɜɚɧɢɢ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɯ ɨɧɢ ɦɨɝɭɬ ɛɵɬɶ ɨɛɴɟɞɢɧɟɧɵ. Ⱦɪɟɜɧɟɪɭɫɫɤɢɣ ɹɡɵɤ ɢ ɫɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɵɣ ɞɨɥɠɧɵ ɪɚɫɫɦɚɬɪɢɜɚɬɶɫɹ ɧɟ ɤɚɤ ɪɚɡɧɵɟ ɹɡɵɤɢ, ɧɨ ɤɚɤ ɹɡɵɤ ɜ ɟɝɨ ɪɚɡɧɵɯ ɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɹɯ ɩɨ ɯɪɨɧɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɨɬɧɟɫɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ, ɚ ɷɬɨ ɡɧɚɱɢɬ, ɱɬɨ ɧɟɤɨɪɪɟɤɬɧɨ ɨɩɢɫɵɜɚɬɶ ɞɪɟɜɧɟɪɭɫɫɤɨɟ ɫɥɨɜɨ ɫ ɬɨɱɤɢ ɡɪɟɧɢɹ ɫɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɜɢɞɟɧɢɹ ɢ ɩɨɧɢɦɚɧɢɹ [Ʉɚɦɚɥɨɜɚ 1994: 7].
Ɉɞɧɚ ɢɡ ɡɚɞɚɱ ɢɫɬɨɪɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɨɩɢɫɚɧɢɹ ɥɟɤɫɢɤɢ ɡɚɤɥɸɱɚɟɬɫɹ ɜ ɜɵɹɜɥɟ- ɧɢɢ ɩɨɧɹɬɢɣɧɨɝɨ ɹɞɪɚ ɝɪɭɩɩɵ, ɬɚɤ ɤɚɤ ɨɧɨ ɧɟ ɨɛɹɡɚɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɞɨɥɠɧɨ ɫɨɜɩɚɞɚɬɶ ɫ ɫɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɵɦ: ɝɨɞɧɵɣ ɞɥɹ ɷɬɨɣ ɝɪɭɩɩɵ ɢɧɜɚɪɢɚɧɬ ɜ ɫɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɨɦ ɪɭɫɫɤɨɦ ɹɡɵɤɟ ɧɟ ɦɨɠɟɬ ɫɥɭɠɢɬɶ ɞɥɹ ɬɚɤɨɜɨɣ ɪɨɥɢ ɜ ɞɪɟɜɧɟɪɭɫɫɤɨɦ ɹɡɵɤɟ. ɉɨɧɹɬɢɣ- ɧɨɟ ɹɞɪɨ „ɜɵɫɟɤɚɟɬɫɹ” ɧɚ ɛɚɡɟ ɫɨɜɨɤɭɩɧɨɫɬɢ ɢ ɩɨɜɬɨɪɹɟɦɨɫɬɢ ɨɛɳɢɯ ɫɦɵɫɥɨɜ
ɜ ɥɟɤɫɢɤɨɝɪɚɮɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɞɟɮɢɧɢɰɢɹɯ ɢɫɬɨɪɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɫɥɨɜɚɪɟɣ, ɚɧɚɥɢɡɚ ɢɥɥɸɫɬ- ɪɚɬɢɜɧɨɝɨ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɚ ɢ ɧɚɛɥɸɞɟɧɢɣ ɡɚ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɨɧɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟɦ ɫɥɨɜ ɜ ɩɚɦɹɬɧɢ- ɤɚɯ ɩɢɫɶɦɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ.
ɉɪɢ ɨɩɢɫɚɧɢɢ ɥɟɤɫɢɤɨ-ɫɟɦɚɧɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɝɪɭɩɩ ɜ ɢɫɬɨɪɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɥɟɤɫɢɤɨɥɨ- ɝɢɢ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɟɬɫɹ ɩɨɧɹɬɢɟ „ɨɩɨɪɧɨɟ ɫɥɨɜɨ”, ɨɧɨ ɨɛɵɱɧɨ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɞɪɟɜɧɟɣɲɢɦ ɦɨɬɢɜɢɪɭɸɳɢɦ ɫɥɨɜɨɦ ɤɨɪɧɟɜɨɣ ɝɪɭɩɩɵ, ɱɚɳɟ ɫɨɯɪɚɧɹɟɬ ɛɥɢɡɨɫɬɶ ɤ ɷɬɢɦɨ- ɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɦ ɬɢɩɚɦ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɣ.
ȼ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɟ ɨɩɨɪɧɨɝɨ ɫɥɨɜɚ ɞɥɹ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɭɸɳɟɣ ɥɟɤɫɢɤɨ-ɫɟɦɚɧɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɝɪɭɩɩɵ ɢɡɛɢɪɚɟɬɫɹ ɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɟ ɩɟɱɚɥɶ – ɞɪɟɜɧɟɟ ɫɥɚɜɹɧɫɤɨɟ ɫɥɨɜɨ. ɉɪɢ ɷɬɨɦ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨ ɩɨɧɢɦɚɬɶ, ɱɬɨ ɚɧɚɥɢɡ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɚ, ɟɝɨ ɜɢɞɟɧɢɟ ɧɚɯɨɞɹɬɫɹ ɩɨɞ ɜɥɢɹɧɢɟɦ ɢɧɟɪɰɢɢ ɫɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɵɯ ɹɡɵɤɨɜɵɯ ɧɚɜɵɤɨɜ, ɧɚ ɱɬɨ ɭɤɚɡɵɜɚɥ Ɋ.Ɉ. əɤɨɛɫɨɧ:
Ɇɢɧɭɜɲɢɟ ɹɡɵɤɨɜɵɟ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ ɧɚɦɢ ɢɧɬɟɪɩɪɟɬɢɪɭɸɬɫɹ ɫ ɬɪɭɞɨɦ; ɦɵ ɧɟ ɩɟɪɟɠɢɜɚɟɦ ɜɩɨɥɧɟ, ɚ ɥɢɲɶ ɱɚɫɬɢɱɧɨ, ɩɪɢɛɥɢɡɢɬɟɥɶɧɨ, ɩɪɢɬɨɦ ɫɢɥɶɧɨ ɩɟɪɟɨɫɦɵɫɥɢɜɚɹ, ɜɨɫɩɪɢɧɢɦɚɟɦ ɢɯ ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬ [əɤɨɛɫɨɧ 1987: 272].
Ⱥɧɚɥɢɡ ɤɨɧɬɟɤɫɬɨɜ ɢɡ ɠɢɬɢɣɧɵɯ ɬɟɤɫɬɨɜ XI – XVI ɜɜ. ɜɵɹɜɢɥ ɫɥɟɞɭɸ- ɳɢɣ ɧɚɛɨɪ ɫɨɩɪɨɜɨɞɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɫɦɵɫɥɨɜ ɫɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɫɥɨɜɚ ɩɟɱɚɥɶ, ɟɝɨ ɫɢ- ɧɨɧɢɦɨɜ ɢ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɧɵɯ: „ɝɨɪɟ, ɛɟɞɚ, ɧɟɫɱɚɫɬɶɟ”, „ɬɪɚɭɪ”, „ɫɦɟɪɬɶ”, „ɬɪɟɜɨ- ɝɚ”, „ɫɬɪɚɞɚɧɢɟ, ɦɭɤɚ”, „ɛɨɥɟɡɧɶ”, „ɧɟɩɪɢɹɬɧɵɣ”, „ɦɪɚɱɧɵɣ”, „ɩɨɛɥɟɞɧɟɬɶ”,
„ɩɥɚɤɚɬɶ”, „ɫɥɟɡɵ”, „ɫɟɪɞɰɟ”: è âèäåâúøà ãîñïîäèíà ñâîåãî äð#õëà è ïå÷àëèþ îáëè>íà ñumà çhëî, ðàñïëàêàòèñ# çhëî, è ãëàãîëàñòà (ɀɢɬɢɟ Ɏɟɨɞɨɫɢɹ ɉɟɱɟɪɫɤɨɝɨ, 286); î qâû ìíh, ãîñïîäèíå ìîè, îòú äâîþ ïëà÷þ ïëà÷þñ# è ñòåíþ äâîþ ñhòîhâàíèþ ñhòqþ è òuæþ (ɋɤɚɡɚɧɢɟ ɨ Ȼɨɪɢɫɟ ɢ Ƚɥɟɛɟ, 290); êî ãîñïîäó îòèäå, ñâîèìú æå áëàãî÷åñòèâûìú ðîäèòåëåìú è âñåìó íàðîäó ïðàâîñëàâíîãî õðè ñòè"íñòâà ïå÷àëü íåìàëóþ íàíåñå (ɉɨɜɟɫɬɶ ɨ ɠɢɬɢɢ ɰɚɪɹ Ɏɟɞɨɪɚ ɂɜɚɧɨɜɢɱɚ, 112); è æàëîñòíî âî ñëåçàõ, è ñî ìíîãèìú âîïëåìú è ñòîíàíèåìú ê îäðó åãî ïðèïàäà" (ɉɢɫɚɧɢɟ ɨ ɩɪɟɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɢɢ ɢ ɩɨɝɪɟɛɟɧɢɢ ɤɧɹɡɹ ɋɤɨɩɢɧɚ-ɒɭɣɫɤɨɝɨ, 62) ɢ ɩɨɞ.
ȼɵɹɜɥɟɧɧɵɟ ɫɦɵɫɥɵ ɩɨɦɨɝɚɸɬ ɜɨɫɫɬɚɧɨɜɢɬɶ ɬɢɩɢɱɧɵɟ ɫɢɬɭɚɰɢɢ ɢ ɫɰɟ- ɧɵ, ɜ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɯ ɩɪɨɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɩɟɱɚɥɶ; ɩɪɢɱɢɧɚ ɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɹ – ɛɟɞɚ, ɝɨɪɟ, ɫɦɟɪɬɶ;
ɜɧɟɲɧɟɟ ɩɪɨɹɜɥɟɧɢɟ – ɛɥɟɞɧɨɫɬɶ, ɦɪɚɱɧɨɫɬɶ, ɩɥɚɱɶ, ɫɥɟɡɵ; ɥɨɤɚɥɢɡɚɬɨɪ ɫɨ- ɫɬɨɹɧɢɹ – ɫɟɪɞɰɟ. ɇɚ ɢɯ ɨɫɧɨɜɟ ɦɨɠɧɨ ɨɛɧɚɪɭɠɢɬɶ ɫɟɦɚɧɬɢɱɟɫɤɢ ɛɥɢɡɤɢɟ ɥɟɤɫɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɟɞɢɧɢɰɵ: ãîðå, ãðuñòîñòü, äð#õëîòà, äðàñåëèå, æàë", ñúêðu- øåíèå, ñhòà, òðuäú, òúñêà, òuãà, qíûíèå ɢ ɩɨɞ. ɗɬɨ ɞɚɥɟɤɨ ɧɟ ɩɨɥɧɵɣ ɫɩɢɫɨɤ, ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɵ ɫɥɨɜɚɪɹ ɋɪɟɡɧɟɜɫɤɨɝɨ ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɬ ɛɨɥɟɟ 200 ɧɨɦɢɧɚɰɢɣ, ɫɟɦɚɧɬɢɱɟɫɤɢ ɛɥɢɡɤɢɯ ɞɪɟɜɧɟɪɭɫɫɤɨɦɭ ɫɥɨɜɭ ïå÷àëü. Ɍɚɤ, ɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɟ ɧɚɯɨɞɹɬɫɹ ɜ ɪɚɡɧɨɨɛɪɚɡɧɵɯ ɫɥɨɜɨɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɫɜɹɡɹɯ ɫ ɩɪɢɥɚɝɚɬɟɥɶɧɵɦɢ ɢ ɝɥɚɝɨɥɚɦɢ: ïå÷àëü – ïå÷àëüíûè, ïå÷àëèâûé – ïå÷àëèòè – ïå÷àëîâàòè – ïå÷àëîâàòèñ#, ïå÷àëüíîâàòè – îïå÷àëîâàòè – îïå÷àëèòè – îïå÷àëèòèñ#
– îïå÷àëèâàòè – îïå÷àëîâàòè – îïå÷àëîâàòèñ# – ïîïå÷àëîâàòèñ# ɢ ɬ.ɞ.
ɇɟɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɫɥɨɜɨɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɵɟ ɪɹɞɵ ɦɨɝɭɬ ɛɵɬɶ ɰɟɥɢɤɨɦ ɜɧɟɫɟɧɵ ɜ ɞɚɧ- ɧɭɸ ɥɟɤɫɢɤɨ-ɫɟɦɚɧɬɢɱɟɫɤɭɸ ɝɪɭɩɩɭ, ɨɞɧɚɤɨ ɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɭɸɬ ɢ ɨɞɢɧɨɱɧɵɟ ɥɟɤɫɟ-
ɦɵ, ɤɚɤ ɩɪɚɜɢɥɨ, ɷɬɨ ɝɥɚɝɨɥɵ ɫ ɩɟɪɟɧɨɫɧɵɦ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɟɦ: ðàñòà"òè 3 ‘ɨɩɟɱɚ- ɥɢɬɶɫɹ’, ïîáëhähòè ‘ɩɨɛɥɟɞɧɟɬɶ’ ɢ ‘ɨɩɟɱɚɥɢɬɶɫɹ’ ɢ ɬ.ɞ.
Ɉɫɨɛɟɧɧɨɫɬɶɸ ɞɪɟɜɧɟɪɭɫɫɤɨɣ ɥɟɤɫɢɤɢ, ɨɩɢɫɵɜɚɸɳɟɣ ɩɫɢɯɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫ- ɤɢɟ ɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɹ, ɛɵɥɚ ɦɧɨɝɨɡɧɚɱɧɨɫɬɶ, ɧɚɩɪɢɦɟɪ, ɫɥɨɜɨ æåë" ɢɦɟɥɨ 3 ɡɧɚɱɟ- ɧɢɹ, ñêðúáü – 7, òðuäú – 13, òúñêà – 3, òuãà – 8, ɚ ɢɦɟɧɧɨ: (1) ‘ɭɝɧɟɬɟɧɢɟ, ɝɧɟɬ, ɬɹɝɨɫɬɶ’, (2) ‘ɦɭɱɟɧɢɟ, ɫɬɪɚɞɚɧɢɟ’, (3) ‘ɭɝɧɟɬɟɧɢɟ, ɬɨɫɤɚ’, (4) ‘ɩɟɱɚɥɶ, ɝɨɪɟ’, (5) ‘ɛɟɞɚ, ɧɟɫɱɚɫɬɶɟ’, (6) ‘ɢɡɧɟɦɨɠɟɧɢɟ’, (7) ‘ɛɟɞɫɬɜɢɟ’, (8) ‘ɧɚɜɚɠɞɟ- ɧɢɟ’ [ɋɪɟɡɧɟɜɫɤɢɣ II: 1031]. ȼ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɟ ɞɪɟɜɧɟɪɭɫɫɤɨɟ ɫɥɨɜɨ ɧɚɯɨɞɢɥɨɫɶ ɜ ɪɚɡɧɨɨɛɪɚɡɧɵɯ ɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɹɯ ɫ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɵɦɢ ɥɟɤɫɢɤɨ-ɫɟɦɚɧɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɦɢ ɪɹ- ɞɚɦɢ (ɫɦ. [Ɇɢɯɚɣɥɨɜɫɤɚɹ 1979: 129]). ɗɬɨ ɨɬɱɚɫɬɢ ɨɛɴɹɫɧɹɟɬ ɢ ɨɫɨɛɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɨɧɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɞɪɟɜɧɟɪɭɫɫɤɨɝɨ ɫɥɨɜɚ ɜ ɬɟɤɫɬɟ: âú òuçå è ïå÷àëè (ɋɤɚ- ɡɚɧɢɟ ɨ Ȼɨɪɢɫɟ ɢ Ƚɥɟɛɟ), ñêðúáè è ïå÷àëè (ɀɢɬɢɟ Ɏɟɨɞɨɫɢɹ ɉɟɱɟɪɫɤɨɝɨ) ɢ ɩɨɞ. ɉɪɢɟɦ ɩɨɞɨɛɧɨɝɨ „ɭɞɜɨɟɧɢɹ” ɦɨɠɧɨ ɨɛɴɹɫɧɢɬɶ ɠɟɥɚɧɢɟɦ ɢɫɬɨɥɤɨɜɚɬɶ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɟ ɫɥɨɜɚ, ɫɨɨɬɧɟɫɬɢ ɟɝɨ ɫ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɵɦ ɬɟɦɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɦ ɪɹɞɨɦ: è î òîê- ìî ðàäîñòü è âåñåëèå áûâàåòü òîãäà â ñåðöè âñ"êîìó õðèñòè"íèíó;
è ïðîõîäèõîìú òîãäà îêîëî òèâèðèàäüñêîãî ìîð" áåñòðàõà è áåç áî"çíè (ɀɢɬɢɟ ɢ ɯɨɠɞɟɧɢɟ ɢɝɭɦɟɧɚ Ⱦɚɧɢɢɥɚ, 88, 54). ɗɬɨ ɨɛɴɹɫɧɹɟɬɫɹ ɟɳɟ ɢ ɬɟɦ, ɱɬɨ ɧɟɫɦɨɬɪɹ ɧɚ ɛɨɥɶɲɨɟ ɤɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɨ ɧɨɦɢɧɚɰɢɣ, ɫɨɨɬɧɨɫɢɦɵɯ ɫ ɨɞɧɨɣ ɫɢɬɭ- ɚɰɢɟɣ (ɦɧɨɝɨɢɦɟɧɫɬɜɨ), ɥɟɤɫɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɟɞɢɧɢɰɵ ɮɚɤɬɢɱɟɫɤɢ ɹɜɥɹɸɬɫɹ ɫɟɦɚɧɬɢ- ɱɟɫɤɢɦɢ ɞɭɛɥɟɬɚɦɢ (ɧɚ ɭɪɨɜɧɟ ɥɟɤɫɢɤɨ-ɫɟɦɚɧɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɜɚɪɢɚɧɬɨɜ). ɋɦɵɫɥɵ, ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɳɢɟ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɹ ɝɪɚɞɭɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɬɢɩɚ (ɫɢɥɚ, ɢɧɬɟɧɫɢɜɧɨɫɬɶ ɱɭɜɫɬɜɚ) ɟɳɟ ɧɟ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɧɵ ɥɟɤɫɟɦɚɦ, ɨɞɧɚɤɨ ɨɧɢ ɩɟɪɟɞɚɜɚɥɢɫɶ ɚɝɢɨɝɪɚɮɚɦɢ ɫɢɧɬɚɤɫɢɱɟɫ- ɤɢɦ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɨɦ – ɫɨɱɟɬɚɧɢɹɦɢ ɫɨ ɫɥɨɜɚɦɢ-ɤɨɧɤɪɟɬɢɡɚɬɨɪɚɦɢ. Ɍɨɥɶɤɨ ɜ ɋɤɚɡɚ- ɧɢɢ ɨ Ȼɨɪɢɫɟ ɢ Ƚɥɟɛɟ ɧɚɯɨɞɢɦ ɧɟɫɤɨɥɶɤɨ ɬɚɤɢɯ ɮɨɪɦɭɥ: âú âåëèöh ïå÷àëè (280); ãîðüêóþ ïå÷àëü (280); âú ïå÷àëè êðhïúöh è ò"æüöh è ñòðàøüíh (284); ñêúðáü ñúìüðòüíóþ (282). ɏɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɫɬɢɤɚ ɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɹ ɜɵɪɚɠɚɥɚɫɶ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɭɫɬɨɣɱɢɜɵɦɢ ɝɥɚɝɨɥɶɧɨ-ɢɦɟɧɧɵɦɢ ɫɨɱɟɬɚɧɢɹɦɢ, ɜ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɯ ɫɢɥɚ ɱɭɜɫ- ɬɜɚ ɩɪɢɜɧɨɫɢɬɫɹ ɝɥɚɝɨɥɚɦɢ-ɦɟɬɚɮɨɪɚɦɢ: ïå÷àëüþ ïî âñ" äíè îäüðæèìú áûõú (ɀɢɬɢɟ Ⱥɜɪɚɚɦɢɹ ɋɦɨɥɟɧɫɤɨɝɨ, 68); ɫɪɚɜɧɢ: è õðèñòîëþáèâûè êí#çü èç"ñëàâú è ðàæäüãñ# íà í" ãíhââúìü (ɀɢɬɢɟ Ɏɟɨɞɨɫɢɹ ɉɟɱɟɪɫɤɨɝɨ, 326). ɂɧɨɝɞɚ ɩɨɞɨɛɧɭɸ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɸ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɹɸɬ ɫɨɱɟɬɚɧɢɹ ɫɨ ɫɥɨɜɚɦɢ, ɨɛɨɡɧɚ- ɱɚɸɳɢɦɢ ɜɦɟɫɬɢɥɢɳɚ ɱɭɜɫɬɜ – ɫɟɪɞɰɟ, ɞɭɲɚ: ñüðäüöå ìè ãîðèòü (ɋɤɚɡɚɧɢɟ ɨ Ȼɨɪɢɫɟ ɢ Ƚɥɟɛɟ, 280). Ɉɫɨɛɟɧɧɨɫɬɶɸ ɠɢɬɢɣɧɨɝɨ ɫɬɢɥɹ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɬɨ, ɱɬɨ ɝɪɭɩ- ɩɵ ɩɨɱɬɢ ɫɪɨɫɲɢɯɫɹ ɫɥɨɜ ɬɢɩɚ ɝíhâúìü ðàæäüãúñ#, ïå÷àëèþ îäðüæèìà ɢ ɩɨɞ. ɫɢɦɜɨɥɢɱɧɵ, ɭɩɨɬɪɟɛɥɹɸɬɫɹ ɢ ɫɨɯɪɚɧɹɸɬɫɹ ɜ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɟɞɟɧɢɹɯ ɜ ɧɟɪɚɡ- ɪɵɜɧɨɣ ɫɥɢɬɧɨɫɬɢ. Ʉɪɭɝ ɷɬɢɯ ɫɢɦɜɨɥɨɜ ɞɨɫɬɚɬɨɱɧɨ ɭɡɨɤ, ɢ ɬɟɤɫɬ ɨɠɢɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɨɩɢɫɚɧɢɹɦɢ ɜɧɟɲɧɟɝɨ ɩɪɨɹɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɱɭɜɫɬɜ ɫ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɟɦ ɫɥɨɜ ɩɥɚɱ, ɩɥɚ- ɤɚɬɶ, ɪɵɞɚɬɶ, ɜɡɞɵɯɚɬɶ, ɫɥɟɡɵ, ɥɢɰɨ, ɨɱɢ.
ȼ ɨɛɳɟɦ ɭɩɨɬɪɟɛɥɟɧɢɢ ɷɬɢɯ ɫɥɨɜ ɨɫɬɚɧɚɜɥɢɜɚɟɬ ɜɧɢɦɚɧɢɟ ɬɚ ɨɫɨɛɟɧɧɨɫɬɶ, ɱɬɨ ɨɧɢ ɱɚɫɬɨ ɫɥɭɠɚɬ ɧɟ ɦɨɬɢɜɢɪɨɜɤɨɣ ɜɧɟɲɧɢɯ ɫɢɦɩɬɨɦɨɜ, ɫ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɦɢ ɱɭɜɫɬɜɚ ɫɜɹɡɚɧɵ, ɚ ɫɨɩɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɸɬɫɹ ɫ ɢɯ ɨɛɨɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɹɦɢ, ɤɚɤ ɛɵ ɩɚɪɚɥɥɟɥɶɧɨ ɫɨɡɟɪɰɚɟɦɵɦɢ ɜɧɟɲɧɢɦɢ ɩɪɨɹɜɥɟɧɢɹɦɢ [ȼɢɧɨɝɪɚɞɨɜ 1980: 25].
ȼ.ȼ. ȼɢɧɨɝɪɚɞɨɜ ɩɢɲɟɬ ɬɚɤ:
ɂɫɬɨɪɢɤɨ-ɥɟɤɫɢɤɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɟ ɢɡɭɱɟɧɢɟ ɫɥɨɜɚ ɧɟɥɶɡɹ ɨɬɨɠɞɟɫɬɜɥɹɬɶ ɢ ɫɥɢɜɚɬɶ ɫ ɢɫɬɨɪɢɤɨ-ɷɬɢɦɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɦ. ɉɨɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ ɢ ɯɨɞ ɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɣ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɹ ɫɥɨɜɚ, ɪɚɡɴɹɫɧɟɧɢɹ ɬɟɯ ɪɟɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɢɫɬɨɪɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɣ, ɜ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɯ ɩɪɨɬɟɤɚɥɢ ɷɬɢ ɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɹ, ɨɫɬɚɸɬɫɹ ɩɨ ɛɨɥɶɲɟɣ ɱɚɫɬɢ ɡɚ ɩɪɟɞɟɥɚɦɢ ɷɬɢɦɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɹ [ȼɢɧɨɝɪɚɞɨɜ 1977: 39].
Ɉɞɧɚɤɨ „ɷɬɢɦɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɚɹ ɪɟɤɨɧɫɬɪɭɤɰɢɹ ɩɨɡɜɨɥɹɟɬ ɜɫɤɪɵɬɶ ɩɟɪɜɨɧɚ- ɱɚɥɶɧɵɟ ɫɟɦɚɧɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɩɪɢɡɧɚɤɢ ɫɥɨɜɚ, ɚ ɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɨ, ɩɨɦɨɝɚɸɬ ɜɨɫɫɨ- ɡɞɚɬɶ ɩɟɪɜɨɧɚɱɚɥɶɧɭɸ ɨɛɪɚɡɧɭɸ ɤɚɪɬɢɧɭ ɦɢɪɚ, ɢɫɬɨɪɢɸ ɩɨɧɹɬɢɣ ɢ ɢɞɟɣ”
[ɑɭɦɚɤɨɜɚ 1996: 167]. Ⱥɧɚɥɢɡ ɩɪɟɞɲɟɫɬɜɭɸɳɟɝɨ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɚ ɭɛɟɠɞɚɟɬ, ɱɬɨ ɞɪɟɜɧɟɣɲɢɟ ɨɛɪɚɡɵ, ɥɟɠɚɳɢɟ ɜ ɨɫɧɨɜɟ ɦɨɬɢɜɚɰɢɢ, ɦɨɝɭɬ ɛɵɬɶ ɡɧɚɱɢɦɵ ɞɥɹ ɞɚɥɶɧɟɣɲɟɝɨ ɫɟɦɚɧɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɩɪɟɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɡɧɚɤɚ ɢɥɢ ɨɬɪɚɡɢɬɶɫɹ ɧɚ ɨɫɨ- ɛɟɧɧɨɫɬɹɯ ɫɨɱɟɬɚɟɦɨɫɬɢ ɫɥɨɜ.
ɗɬɢɦɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɫɥɨɜɚɪɢ ɦɨɬɢɜɢɪɭɸɬ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɟ ɩɟɱɚɥɶ ɩɪɚɫɥɚɜɹɧɫɤɢɦ
*pekČlɶ ‘ɬɨ, ɱɬɨ ɠɠɟɬ, ɩɟɱɟɬ’ ɨɬ ɝɥɚɝɨɥɚ *pekti ‘ɨɛɞɚɜɚɬɶ ɫɢɥɶɧɵɦ ɠɚɪɨɦ’
[ɐɵɝɚɧɟɧɤɨ 1989: 299; Ɏɚɫɦɟɪ III: 254]; ɧɚ ɛɚɡɟ ɷɬɨɝɨ ɩɨɹɜɥɹɸɬɫɹ ɦɟɬɚɮɨ- ɪɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɜɵɪɚɠɟɧɢɹ, ɪɟɝɢɫɬɪɢɪɭɟɦɵɟ ɜ ɫɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɨɦ ɪɭɫɫɤɨɦ ɹɡɵɤɟ: ɬɟɩɥɨ ɜɫɬɪɟɬɢɬɶ, ɨɤɚɡɚɬɶ ɬɟɩɥɵɣ ɩɪɢɟɦ, ɨɤɪɭɠɢɬɶ ɬɟɩɥɨɦ ɢ ɡɚɛɨɬɨɣ ɢ ɨɩɟɤɚɬɶ, ɨɩɟɤɚ, ɨɛɨɝɪɟɬɶ (ɩɟɪɟɧ.) ɢ ɧɚɪɨɞɧɨ-ɪɚɡɝɨɜɨɪɧɨɟ ɜɫɹ ɢɫɩɟɤɥɚɫɶ ɨ ɧɟɦ. ɋɯɨɠɚɹ ɦɨɬɢɜɚɰɢɹ ɡɚɤɪɟɩɥɟɧɚ ɡɚ ɫɥɨɜɨɦ ɝɨɪɟ, ɧɚɯɨɞɹɳɢɦɫɹ ɜ ɫɟɦɚɧɬɢɱɟɫɤɢ ɛɥɢɡɤɢɯ ɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɹɯ ɫ ɩɟɱɚɥɶɸ. Ɂɧɚɱɟɧɢɟ ‘ɩɪɨɹɜɥɹɬɶ ɜɧɢɦɚɧɢɟ, ɡɚɛɨɬɢɬɶɫɹ’ ɜɵɹɜɥɹ- ɟɬɫɹ ɢ ɜ ɫɥɨɜɚɯ ïå÷àëîâàòè, ïå÷àëü, ɞɪɟɜɧɟɪɭɫɫɤɢɟ ɫɥɨɜɚɪɢ ɨɬɦɟɱɚɸɬ ɟɝɨ ɜ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɟ ɨɞɧɨɝɨ ɢɡ ɥɟɤɫɢɤɨ-ɫɟɦɚɧɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɜɚɪɢɚɧɬɨɜ. ɇɚɩɪɢɦɟɪ, ïå÷èñ#
ɮɭɧɤɰɢɨɧɢɪɭɟɬ ɜ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɢ ‘ɩɟɱɚɥɢɬɶɫɹ’ ɢ ‘ɡɚɛɨɬɢɬɶɫɹ’ [ɋɪɟɡɧɟɜɫɤɢɣ II: 928].
ȼ ɞɪɟɜɧɟɪɭɫɫɤɢɣ ɩɟɪɢɨɞ ïå÷àëü ɮɭɧɤɰɢɨɧɢɪɭɟɬ ɤɚɤ ɦɧɨɝɨɡɧɚɱɧɨɟ ɫɥɨɜɨ:
(1) ‘ɨɝɨɪɱɟɧɢɟ, ɝɨɪɟ’, (2) ‘ɡɚɛɨɬɚ’, (3) ‘ɧɟɩɪɢɹɡɧɶ’. Ƚɥɚɝɨɥ ïå÷èñ# ɩɪɨɞɨɥɠɚ- ɟɬ ɫɨɯɪɚɧɹɬɶ ɦɧɨɝɨɡɧɚɱɧɨɫɬɶ – ‘ɩɟɱɚɥɢɬɶɫɹ’ ɢ ‘ɡɚɛɨɬɢɬɶɫɹ’, ɧɨ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɧɵɟ ɨɬ ïå÷àëü ɩɨɥɭɱɚɸɬ ɫɟɦɚɧɬɢɱɟɫɤɭɸ ɫɩɟɰɢɚɥɢɡɚɰɢɸ: ïå÷àëîâàòèñ# –
‘ɛɵɬɶ ɩɟɱɚɥɶɧɵɦ, ɝɨɪɟɜɚɬɶ, ɫɨɤɪɭɲɚɬɶɫɹ’, ïå÷àëèòè – ‘ɨɝɨɪɱɚɬɶ, ɩɟɱɚɥɢɬɶ’
[ɋɪɟɡɧɟɜɫɤɢɣ II: 923]. ȼ ɨɫɧɨɜɟ ɷɬɨɝɨ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɹ ɥɟɠɢɬ ɩɨɧɢɦɚɧɢɟ ɩɟɱɚɥɢ ɤɚɤ ɛɨɥɢ, ɫɬɪɚɞɚɧɢɹ, ɤɨɬɨɪɨɟ ɥɨɤɚɥɢɡɭɟɬɫɹ ɜ ɫɟɪɞɰɟ, ɞɭɲɟ, ɢ ɩɨɤɚ ɟɳɟ ɧɟ ɪɚɫɱɥɟ- ɧɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɤɚɤ ɮɢɡɢɱɟɫɤɨɟ ɢ ɩɫɢɯɢɱɟɫɤɨɟ. ɉɨɞɨɛɧɨɟ ɧɚɛɥɸɞɚɟɬɫɹ ɜ ɞɪɭɝɢɯ ɹɡɵ- ɤɚɯ ɢ ɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɚɯ. Ɍɚɤ, ȿ.Ⱥ. ɇɚɣɞɚ ɩɢɲɟɬ:
Ʉɭɥɶɬɭɪɵ ɦɨɝɭɬ ɨɛɥɚɞɚɬɶ ɨɞɢɧɚɤɨɜɵɦɢ ɱɟɪɬɚɦɢ, ɧɨ ɜɵɹɜɥɹɬɶ ɢ ɨɩɢɫɵɜɚɬɶ ɢɯ ɦɨɠɧɨ ɫɨɜɟɪɲɟɧɧɨ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɨ. ȼ ɨɫɨɛɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ ɷɬɨ ɨɬɧɨɫɢɬɫɹ ɤ ɩɫɢɯɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɦ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɫɬɢɤɚɦ. ɏɚɛɛɢ (Ɋɟɫɩɭɛɥɢɤɚ Ɇɚɥɢ) ɜɵɪɚɠɚɸɬ ɩɟɱɚɥɶ ɤɚɤ „ɧɚɥɢɱɢɟ ɛɨɥɶɧɨɣ ɩɟɱɟɧɢ”, ɛɨɦɛɚɪɵ (Ɇɚɥɢ) ɫɱɢɬɚɸɬ, ɱɬɨ ɩɟɱɚɥɶ – ɷɬɨ „ɧɚɥɢɱɢɟ ɱɟɪɧɨɝɨ ɝɥɚɡɚ”. ɇɚɪɨɞ ɦɨɫɢ (Ɋɟɫɩɭɛɥɢɤɚ Ƚɚɧɚ) ɢɦɟɧɭɟɬ ɩɟɱɚɥɶ ɤɚɤ ɧɚɥɢɱɢɟ ɫɥɚɛɨɝɨ ɫɟɪɞɰɚ, ɬɨɝɞɚ ɤɚɤ ɭ ɭɞɭɤɨɜ ɢɡ ɋɭɞɚɧɚ ɩɟɱɚɥɶ – ɷɬɨ „ɧɚɥɢɱɢɟ ɬɹɠɟɥɨɝɨ ɠɟɥɭɞɤɚ” [ɇɚɣɞɚ 1961: 56]. (ɋɪ., ɧɚɩɪɢɦɟɪ, ɫɢɞɟɬɶ ɜ ɩɟɱɟɧɤɚɯ – ɨ ɡɚɛɨɬɟ, ɜɨɥɧɟɧɢɢ).
ȼ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɟ ɞɥɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɭɩɨɬɪɟɛɥɟɧɢɹ ɦɧɨɝɨɡɧɚɱɧɵɯ ɫɥɨɜ ɜ ɞɪɟɜɧɟ- ɪɭɫɫɤɢɯ ɬɟɤɫɬɚɯ, ɩɪɟɠɞɟ ɜɫɟɝɨ ɜ ɠɢɬɢɣɧɵɯ, ɫɤɥɚɞɵɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɥɟɤɫɢɤɨ-ɫɟɦɚɧɬɢ-
ɱɟɫɤɚɹ ɝɪɭɩɩɚ ɢ ɮɨɪɦɢɪɭɸɬɫɹ ɫɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɵɟ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɹ ɥɟɤɫɟɦ, ɫɨɨɬɧɨɫɢɦɵɯ ɫ ɫɢɬɭɚɰɢɟɣ, ɤɨɬɨɪɭɸ ɦɨɠɧɨ ɨɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɡɨɜɚɬɶ ɤɚɤ „ɩɟɱɚɥɶɧɭɸ”. ȼ ɪɭɫɫɤɨɦ ɹɡɵɤɨɜɨɦ ɜɢɞɟɧɢɢ ɩɟɱɚɥɶ – ɷɬɨ ɛɨɥɶ ɫɟɪɞɟɱɧɚɹ, ɩɪɢɱɢɧɨɣ ɤɨɬɨɪɨɣ ɦɨɝɭɬ ɛɵɬɶ ɫɦɟɪɬɶ, ɧɟɫɱɚɫɬɶɟ; ɷɬɨ ɝɥɭɛɨɤɨɟ ɢ ɞɥɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɟ ɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɟ, ɩɪɨɹɜɥɹɸɳɟ- ɟɫɹ ɜ ɦɪɚɱɧɨɦ ɧɚɫɬɪɨɟɧɢɢ, ɦɪɚɱɧɨɦ ɜɢɞɟ, ɢɧɨɝɞɚ ɫɨɩɪɨɜɨɠɞɚɸɳɟɟɫɹ ɫɥɟɡɚ- ɦɢ, ɩɥɚɱɟɦ. ɉɨɧɹɬɢɣɧɨɟ ɹɞɪɨ, ɩɨɜɥɢɹɜɲɟɟ ɧɚ ɫɟɦɚɧɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɟ ɩɪɟɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɢ ɤɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɭɸ ɩɟɪɟɫɬɪɨɣɤɭ ɫɨɨɬɧɨɫɢɦɵɯ ɥɟɤɫɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɟɞɢɧɢɰ ɝɪɭɩɩɵ, ɡɚɤɥɚɞɵɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɭɠɟ ɜ ɞɪɟɜɧɟɪɭɫɫɤɢɣ ɩɟɪɢɨɞ. ɋɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɵɟ ɭɫɬɨɣɱɢɜɵɟ ɢ ɢɞɢ- ɨɦɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɜɵɪɚɠɟɧɢɹ ɩɟɱɚɥɶ ɫɟɪɞɟɱɧɚɹ, ɩɟɪɟɠɢɜɚɬɶ ɩɟɱɚɥɶ, ɨɯɜɚɱɟɧɧɵɣ ɩɟɱɚɥɶɸ, ɩɟɱɚɥɶ (ɬɨɫɤɚ, ɝɪɭɫɬɶ) ɝɥɨɠɟɬ ɢ ɩɨɞ. ɪɚɡɜɢɜɚɸɬɫɹ ɧɚ ɬɨɣ ɦɟɬɚɮɨ- ɪɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɛɚɡɟ, ɤɨɬɨɪɚɹ ɮɨɪɦɢɪɭɟɬɫɹ ɜ ɞɪɟɜɧɟɪɭɫɫɤɨɦ ɹɡɵɤɟ.
ɉɭɬɶ ɩɪɟɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɩɪɟɞɢɤɚɬɨɜ ɡɞɟɫɶ ɬɚɤɨɣ ɠɟ, ɤɚɤ ɢ ɜ ɝɪɭɩɩɟ ɫɨ ɡɧɚ- ɱɟɧɢɟɦ ‘ɮɢɡɢɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɟ ɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɟ’ (ɫɪ. ɛɨɥɟɡɧɶ ɢ ɛɨɥɶ ɜ [Ʉɚɦɚɥɨɜɚ 2002]).
Ɉɞɧɢ ɥɟɤɫɟɦɵ ɩɨɞɜɟɪɝɚɸɬɫɹ ɫɟɦɚɧɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɦɭ „ɫɭɠɟɧɢɸ” – ɭɬɪɚɱɢɜɚɸɬ ɦɧɨ- ɝɨɡɧɚɱɧɨɫɬɶ (ɩɥɚɱ, ɫɤɨɪɛɶ ɢ ɞɪ.), ɞɪɭɝɢɟ ɩɨɞɜɟɪɝɚɸɬɫɹ ɫɟɦɚɧɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɦɭ ɫɦɟ- ɳɟɧɢɸ – ɩɟɪɟɯɨɞɹɬ ɨɬ ɨɞɧɨɝɨ ɜɢɞɨɜɨɝɨ ɩɨɧɹɬɢɹ ɤ ɞɪɭɝɨɦɭ (ɨɤɚɹɧɧɵɣ), ɬɪɟ- ɬɶɢ ɩɟɪɟɫɬɚɸɬ ɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɨɜɚɬɶ ɤɚɤ ɢɡɛɵɬɨɱɧɵɟ ɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɚ ɹɡɵɤɨɜɨɣ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ (o ɫɟɦɚɧɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɩɪɟɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɹɯ ɜ ɞɢɚɯɪɨɧɢɢ ɫɦ. [Ƚɚɤ 1977: 30–34]). ɋɟ- ɦɚɧɬɢɤɚ ɫɥɨɜɚ ɧɚɯɨɞɢɬɫɹ ɩɨɞ ɜɥɢɹɧɢɟɦ ɞɜɭɯ ɦɚɝɢɫɬɪɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɫɢɥ:
ɫ ɨɞɧɨɣ ɫɬɨɪɨɧɵ – ɷɬɨ ɩɨɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɟ ɪɚɡɝɪɚɧɢɱɟɧɢɟ ɤɨɦɩɨɧɟɧɬɨɜ ɧɨɦɢɧɚɰɢɢ, ɚ ɫ ɞɪɭɝɨɣ – ɤɨɪɪɟɤɬɢɪɨɜɤɚ ɫɟɦɚɧɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɹ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɹɦɢ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɨɧɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɫɥɨɜɚ [Ȼɨɝɚɬɨɜɚ 1984: 140].
ɉɪɢ ɷɬɨɦ ɫɟɦɚɧɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɟ ɩɪɟɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɡɚɜɢɫɢɬ ɨɬ ɫɭɞɶɛɵ ɛɥɢɡɤɢɯ ɩɨ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɸ ɫɥɨɜ. Ɍɚɤ, ɧɚɩɪɢɦɟɪ, ɜɨ ɜɬɨɪɨɣ ɩɨɥɨɜɢɧɟ XVIII ɜɟɤɚ ɫɟɦɚɧɬɢɱɟɫɤɨ- ɦɭ ɨɛɧɨɜɥɟɧɢɸ ɩɨɞɜɟɪɝɚɸɬɫɹ ɫɥɨɜɚ ɭɧɵɧɢɟ, ɦɟɥɚɧɯɨɥɢɹ, ɬɨɦɥɟɧɢɟ, ɝɪɭɫɬɶ.
Ɉɧɢ ɧɚɱɢɧɚɸɬ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɡɨɜɚɬɶɫɹ ɤɚɤ „ɩɪɢɹɬɧɵɟ”, ɤɚɤ ɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɹ, ɤ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɦ ɫɥɟɞɭɟɬ ɫɬɪɟɦɢɬɶɫɹ.
ɉɟɪɟɯɨɞ ɨɬ „ɭɧɵɧɢɹ ɫɤɨɪɛɧɨɝɨ” ɤ „ɭɧɵɧɢɸ ɩɪɢɹɬɧɨɦɭ” ɜ ɹɡɵɤɨɜɨɦ ɫɨɡɧɚɧɢɢ ɫɟɪɟɞɢɧɵ XVIII ɜ. ɫɜɹɡɚɧ ɫ ɧɨɜɵɦɢ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɢɹɦɢ ɨ ɥɸɛɜɢ. ...XVIII ɜɟɤ ɭɬɜɟɪɠɞɚɟɬ ɫɚɦɨɰɟɧɧɨɫɬɶ ɛɨɥɟɡɧɟɧɧɵɯ ɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɣ: ɨɛɴɟɤɬɨɦ ɩɪɢɫɬɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɜɧɢɦɚɧɢɹ ɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɵ ɜ ɷɬɨɬ ɩɟɪɢɨɞ ɫɬɚɧɨɜɢɬɫɹ ɥɸɛɨɜɶ-ɛɨɥɟɡɧɶ, ɤɨɬɨɪɚɹ ɧɟ ɢɳɟɬ ɢɫɰɟɥɟɧɢɹ [Ʉɚɥɚɤɭɰɤɚɹ 1991: 143].
ɋɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɟɧɧɨ ɩɟɱɚɥɶ ɬɨɠɟ ɩɪɢɨɛɪɟɬɚɟɬ ɧɨɜɵɟ ɫɦɵɫɥɵ, ɱɬɨ ɜɵɪɚɠɚɟɬɫɹ ɜ ɫɥɨɜɨɫɨɱɟɬɚɧɢɹɯ ɫɜɟɬɥɚɹ ɩɟɱɚɥɶ, ɬɢɯɚɹ ɩɟɱɚɥɶ.
ȼ ɫɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɨɦ ɪɭɫɫɤɨɦ ɥɢɬɟɪɚɬɭɪɧɨɦ ɹɡɵɤɟ ɫɥɨɜɨ ɩɟɱɚɥɶ ɮɢɤɫɢɪɭɟɬɫɹ ɫɥɨɜɚɪɹɦɢ ɤɚɤ ɦɧɨɝɨɡɧɚɱɧɨɟ. ȿɝɨ ɫɟɦɚɧɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɢɧɜɚɪɢɚɧɬ ɬɨɥɤɭɟɬɫɹ ɤɚɤ
‘ɱɭɜɫɬɜɨ ɝɪɭɫɬɢ, ɫɤɨɪɛɢ, ɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɟ ɞɭɲɟɜɧɨɣ ɝɨɪɟɱɢ’, ɧɚ ɨɫɧɨɜɟ ɦɟɬɨɧɢɦɢ- ɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɩɟɪɟɧɨɫɚ ɪɚɡɜɢɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɥɟɤɫɢɤɨ-ɫɟɦɚɧɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɜɚɪɢɚɧɬ ‘ɬɨ, ɱɬɨ ɩɟɱɚ- ɥɢɬ; ɫɨɛɵɬɢɟ, ɨɛɫɬɨɹɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɨ ɢ ɬ.ɩ., ɜɵɡɵɜɚɸɳɟɟ ɱɭɜɫɬɜɨ ɝɪɭɫɬɢ ɢ ɫɤɨɪɛɢ’;
ɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɟ ‘ɡɚɛɨɬɚ’, ɫɨɩɪɨɜɨɠɞɚɟɦɨɟ ɩɨɦɟɬɨɣ „ɪɚɡɝ.” [Ʉɭɡɧɟɰɨɜ 1998].
ɉɟɱɚɥɶ ɜ ɟɝɨ ɩɟɪɜɨɦ ɢ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɨɦ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɢ ɫɨɨɬɧɨɫɢɬɫɹ ɫ ɦɢɪɨɦ ɱɭɜɫɬɜ, ɟɝɨ ɫɢɧɨɧɢɦɚɦɢ ɢ ɫɯɨɞɧɵɦɢ ɩɨ ɫɦɵɫɥɭ ɫɬɚɧɨɜɹɬɫɹ ɫɥɨɜɚ ɝɨɪɟ, ɝɨɪɟɫɬɶ, ɝɪɭɫɬɶ,
ɤɪɭɱɢɧɚ, ɨɬɱɚɹɧɢɟ, ɫɤɨɪɛɶ, ɩɪɢɫɤɨɪɛɢɟ, ɫɤɭɤɚ, ɬɨɦɥɟɧɢɟ, ɬɨɫɤɚ, ɬɪɚɭɪ, ɭɧɵ- ɧɢɟ, ɫɨɤɪɭɲɟɧɢɟ; ɢɩɨɯɨɧɞɪɢɹ, ɦɟɥɚɧɯɨɥɢɹ [Ⱥɛɪɚɦɨɜ 1999].
ɂɫɬɨɱɧɢɤɢ
ɀɢɬɢɟ ɢ ɯɨɠɞɟɧɢɟ ɢɝɭɦɟɧɚ Ⱦɚɧɢɢɥɚ ɢɡ Ɋɭɫɫɤɨɣ ɡɟɦɥɢ (1978). ȼ: ɉɚɦɹɬɧɢɤɢ ɥɢɬɟɪɚɬɭ- ɪɵ Ⱦɪɟɜɧɟɣ Ɋɭɫɢ (ɧɚɱɚɥɨ ɪɭɫɫɤɨɣ ɥɢɬɟɪɚɬɭɪɵ XI – ɧɚɱɚɥɨ XII ɜɟɤɚ). Ɇɨɫɤɜɚ.
ɋɤɚɡɚɧɢɟ ɢ ɫɬɪɚɞɚɧɢɟ ɢ ɩɨɯɜɚɥɚ ɫɜɹɬɵɦ ɦɭɱɟɧɢɤɚɦ Ȼɨɪɢɫɭ ɢ Ƚɥɟɛɭ (ɋɤɚɡɚɧɢɟ ɨ Ȼɨɪɢɫɟ ɢ Ƚɥɟɛɟ) (1978). ȼ: ɉɚɦɹɬɧɢɤɢ ɥɢɬɟɪɚɬɭɪɵ Ⱦɪɟɜɧɟɣ Ɋɭɫɢ (ɧɚɱɚɥɨ ɪɭɫɫɤɨɣ ɥɢɬɟɪɚ- ɬɭɪɵ XI – ɧɚɱɚɥɨ XII ɜɟɤɚ). Ɇɨɫɤɜɚ.
ɀɢɬɢɟ ɩɪɟɩɨɞɨɛɧɨɝɨ ɨɬɰɚ ɧɚɲɟɝɨ Ɏɟɨɞɨɫɢɹ, ɢɝɭɦɟɧɚ ɉɟɱɟɪɫɤɨɝɨ (ɀɢɬɢɟ Ɏɟɨɞɨɫɢɹ ɉɟɱɟɪɫɤɨɝɨ). (1978). ȼ: ɉɚɦɹɬɧɢɤɢ ɥɢɬɟɪɚɬɭɪɵ Ⱦɪɟɜɧɟɣ Ɋɭɫɢ: ɧɚɱɚɥɨ ɪɭɫɫɤɨɣ ɥɢɬɟ- ɪɚɬɭɪɵ XI – ɧɚɱɚɥɨ XII ɜɟɤɚ). Ɇɨɫɤɜɚ.
ɀɢɬɢɟ Ⱥɜɪɚɚɦɢɹ ɋɦɨɥɟɧɫɤɨɝɨ (1981). ȼ: ɉɚɦɹɬɧɢɤɢ ɥɢɬɟɪɚɬɭɪɵ Ⱦɪɟɜɧɟɣ Ɋɭɫɢ. XIII ɜ.
Ɇɨɫɤɜɚ.
ɉɨɜɟɫɬɶ ɨ ɱɟɫɬɧɨɦ ɠɢɬɢɢ ɛɥɚɝɨɜɟɪɧɨɝɨ ɢ ɛɥɚɝɨɪɨɞɧɨɝɨ ɢ ɯɪɢɫɬɨɥɸɛɢɜɨɝɨ ɝɨɫɭɞɚ- ɪɹ ɰɚɪɹ ɢ ɜɟɥɢɤɨɝɨ ɤɧɹɡɹ Ɏɟɞɨɪɚ ɂɜɚɧɨɜɢɱɚ ɜɫɟɹ Ɋɭɫɢ, ɢ ɨ ɰɚɪɫɤɨɦ ɛɥɚɝɨɱɟɫɬɢɢ ɢ ɨ ɞɨɛɪɨɞɟɬɟɥɶɧɨɦ ɢɫɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɢ, ɨ ɫɜɹɬɨɦ ɟɝɨ ɩɪɟɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɢɢ. ɉɢɫɚɧɨ ɫɦɢɪɟɧɧɵɦ ɂɟɜɨɦ ɩɚɬɪɢɚɪɯɨɦ ɦɨɫɤɨɜɫɤɢɦ ɢ ɜɫɟɹ Ɋɭɫɢ (ɉɨɜɟɫɬɶ ɨ ɠɢɬɢɢ ɰɚɪɹ Ɏɟɞɨɪɚ ɂɜɚɧɨ- ɜɢɱɚ) (1987). ȼ: ɉɚɦɹɬɧɢɤɢ ɥɢɬɟɪɚɬɭɪɵ Ⱦɪɟɜɧɟɣ Ɋɭɫɢ: ɤɨɧɟɰ XVI – ɧɚɱɚɥɨ XVII ɜ.
Ɇɨɫɤɜɚ.
ɉɢɫɚɧɢɟ ɨ ɩɪɟɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɢɢ ɢ ɩɨɝɪɟɛɟɧɢɢ ɤɧɹɡɹ Ɇɢɯɚɣɥɚ ȼɚɫɢɥɶɟɜɢɱɚ ɒɭɣɫɤɨɝɨ, ɪɟɤɨɦɨ- ɝɨ ɋɤɨɩɢɧɚ (1987). ȼ: ɉɚɦɹɬɧɢɤɢ ɥɢɬɟɪɚɬɭɪɵ Ⱦɪɟɜɧɟɣ Ɋɭɫɢ: ɤɨɧɟɰ XVI – ɧɚɱɚɥɨ XVII ɜ. Ɇɨɫɤɜɚ.
Ȼɢɛɥɢɨɝɪɚɮɢɹ
Ⱥɛɪɚɦɨɜ ɇ. (1999). ɋɥɨɜɚɪɶ ɪɭɫɫɤɢɯ ɫɢɧɨɧɢɦɨɜ ɢ ɫɯɨɞɧɵɯ ɩɨ ɫɦɵɫɥɭ ɜɵɪɚɠɟɧɢɣ.
Ɇɨɫɤɜɚ.
Ȼɨɝɚɬɨɜɚ Ƚ.Ⱥ. (1984). ɂɫɬɨɪɢɹ ɫɥɨɜɚ ɤɚɤ ɨɛɴɟɤɬ ɪɭɫɫɤɨɣ ɢɫɬɨɪɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɥɟɤɫɢɤɨɝɪɚɮɢɢ.
Ɇɨɫɤɜɚ.
Ȼɭɫɥɚɟɜ Ɏ.ɂ. (1990). Ɉ ɧɚɪɨɞɧɨɣ ɩɨɷɡɢɢ ɜ ɞɪɟɜɧɟɪɭɫɫɤɨɣ ɥɢɬɟɪɚɬɭɪɟ. ȼ: Ɏ.ɂ. Ȼɭɫɥɚɟɜ.
Ɉ ɥɢɬɟɪɚɬɭɪɟ: ɂɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɹ. ɋɬɚɬɶɢ. Ɇɨɫɤɜɚ.
ȼɟɠɛɢɰɤɚɹ Ⱥ. (1997). əɡɵɤ. Ʉɭɥɶɬɭɪɚ. ɉɨɡɧɚɧɢɟ. Ɇɨɫɤɜɚ.
ȼɢɧɨɝɪɚɞɨɜ ȼ.ȼ. (1977). ɋɥɨɜɨ ɢ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɟ ɤɚɤ ɩɪɟɞɦɟɬ ɢɫɬɨɪɢɤɨ-ɥɟɤɫɢɤɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɢɡɭɱɟɧɢɹ. B: ȼ.ȼ. ȼɢɧɨɝɪɚɞɨɜ. ɂɡɛɪɚɧɧɵɟ ɬɪɭɞɵ. Ʌɟɤɫɢɤɨɥɨɝɢɹ ɢ ɥɟɤɫɢɤɨɝɪɚɮɢɹ.
Ɇɨɫɤɜɚ.
ȼɢɧɨɝɪɚɞɨɜ ȼ.ȼ. (1980). Ɉ ɹɡɵɤɟ ɯɭɞɨɠɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɣ ɩɪɨɡɵ. ɂɡɛɪɚɧɧɵɟ ɬɪɭɞɵ. Ɇɨɫɤɜɚ.
Ƚɚɤ ȼ.Ƚ. (1977). ɋɨɩɨɫɬɚɜɢɬɟɥɶɧɚɹ ɥɟɤɫɢɤɨɥɨɝɢɹ. Ɇɨɫɤɜɚ.
ȿɪɟɦɢɧ ɂ.ɉ. (1968). Ʌɟɤɰɢɢ ɩɨ ɞɪɟɜɧɟɣ ɪɭɫɫɤɨɣ ɥɢɬɟɪɚɬɭɪɟ. Ʌɟɧɢɧɝɪɚɞ.
Ʉɚɥɚɤɭɰɤɚɹ ȿ.Ʌ. (1991). Ʌɟɤɫɢɤɨ-ɫɟɦɚɧɬɢɱɟɫɤɚɹ ɬɟɦɚ „ɭɧɵɧɢɟ – ɦɟɥɚɧɯɨɥɢɹ – ɡɚɞɭɦɱɢ- ɜɨɫɬɶ – ɡɚɛɜɟɧɢɟ” ɜ ɪɭɫɫɤɨɦ ɹɡɵɤɟ ɢ ɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɟ ɜɬɨɪɨɣ ɩɨɥɨɜɢɧɵ XVIII ɜ. ȼ: Ʌɨɝɢɱɟɫ- ɤɢɣ ɚɧɚɥɢɡ ɹɡɵɤɚ. Ʉɭɥɶɬɭɪɧɵɟ ɤɨɧɰɟɩɬɵ. Ɇɨɫɤɜɚ.
Ʉɚɦɚɥɨɜɚ Ⱥ.Ⱥ. (1994). Ɏɨɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɢ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɨɧɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɥɟɤɫɢɤɢ ɫɨ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɟɦ ɩɫɢɯɢ- ɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɹ ɜ ɪɭɫɫɤɨɦ ɥɢɬɟɪɚɬɭɪɧɨɦ ɹɡɵɤɟ. Ⱥɪɯɚɧɝɟɥɶɫɤ.
Ʉɚɦɚɥɨɜɚ Ⱥ.Ⱥ. (2002). Ɉ ɫɟɦɚɧɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɦɨɞɟɥɢ ɤɨɧɰɟɩɬɚ ‘ɛɨɥɟɡɧɶ’. ȼ: Res Philologica.
ȼɵɩ. 3. Ⱥɪɯɚɧɝɟɥɶɫɤ.
Ʉɭɡɧɟɰɨɜ ɋ.Ⱥ. (ɪɟɞ.) (1998). Ȼɨɥɶɲɨɣ ɬɨɥɤɨɜɵɣ ɫɥɨɜɚɪɶ ɪɭɫɫɤɨɝɨ ɹɡɵɤɚ. ɋɚɧɤɬ-ɉɟɬɟɪ- ɛɭɪɝ.
Ɇɢɯɚɣɥɨɜɫɤɚɹ ɇ.Ƚ. (1979). ɋɢɫɬɟɦɧɵɟ ɫɜɹɡɢ ɜ ɥɟɤɫɢɤɟ ɞɪɟɜɧɟɪɭɫɫɤɨɝɨ ɤɧɢɠɧɨ-ɩɢɫɶɦɟɧ- ɧɨɝɨ ɹɡɵɤɚ ɏI–ɏIV ɜɜ. Ⱦɢɫɫɟɪ. [...] ɞ–ɪɚ ɮɢɥɨɥ. ɧɚɭɤ. Ɇɨɫɤɜɚ.
ɇɚɣɞɚ ɘ.Ⱥ. (1961). Ⱥɧɚɥɢɡ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɹ ɢ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɫɥɨɜɚɪɟɣ. ȼ: ɇɨɜɨɟ ɜ ɡɚɪɭɛɟɠɧɨɣ ɥɢɧɝɜɢɫɬɢɤɟ. ȼɵɩ. 2. Ɇɨɫɤɜɚ.
ɋɪɟɡɧɟɜɫɤɢɣ ɂ.ɂ. (1958). Ɇɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɵ ɞɥɹ ɫɥɨɜɚɪɹ ɞɪɟɜɧɟɪɭɫɫɤɨɝɨ ɹɡɵɤɚ. ȼ 3-ɯ ɬɨɦɚɯ.
Ɇɨɫɤɜɚ.
Ɏɚɫɦɟɪ Ɇ. (2008). ɗɬɢɦɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɫɥɨɜɚɪɶ ɪɭɫɫɤɨɝɨ ɹɡɵɤɚ. ȼ 4-ɯ ɬɨɦɚɯ. Ɇɨɫɤɜɚ.
ɐɵɝɚɧɟɧɤɨ Ƚ.ɉ. (1989). ɗɬɢɦɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɫɥɨɜɚɪɶ ɪɭɫɫɤɨɝɨ ɹɡɵɤɚ. Ʉɢɟɜ.
ɑɭɦɚɤɨɜɚ ɘ.ɉ. (1996). əɡɵɤɨɜɚɹ ɤɚɪɬɢɧɚ ɦɢɪɚ ɢ ɷɬɢɦɨɥɨɝɢɹ: ɪɭɫɫɤɨɟ ɯɨɪɨɲɢɣ – ɩɥɨ- ɯɨɣ. B: ɑɟɥɨɜɟɤ. əɡɵɤ. Ʉɭɥɶɬɭɪɚ. ɍɮɚ.
əɤɨɛɫɨɧ Ɋ. (1987). ɇɨɜɟɣɲɚɹ ɪɭɫɫɤɚɹ ɩɨɷɡɢɹ. ȼ: Ɋ. əɤɨɛɫɨɧ. Ɋɚɛɨɬɵ ɩɨ ɩɨɷɬɢɤɟ.
Ɇɨɫɤɜɚ.
əɤɨɜɥɟɜɚ ȿ.ɋ. (1996). Ʉ ɨɩɢɫɚɧɢɸ ɪɭɫɫɤɨɣ ɹɡɵɤɨɜɨɣ ɤɚɪɬɢɧɵ ɦɢɪɚ. Ɋɭɫɫɤɢɣ ɹɡɵɤ ɡɚ ɪɭ- ɛɟɠɨɦ 1, ɫ. 47–56.
Summary
Note About History of Russian Word grief
The article is devoted to history of formation and functioning of Russian word grief.
Historical dictionaries and Old Russian texts XI–XVII centuries (hagiography) are sources of the material. The lexical units ‘state of mind’ were polysemantic in old Russian (3–12 meanings). As a result of the long use of polysemantic words in Old Russian texts there is a lexico-semantic group ‘state of mind’ and modern direct sense of the word grief.
