Sewage Works Journal, Vol. 17, No. 4

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SEWAGE WORKS JOURNAL

Vol. x v i i JU LY , 1945 No. 4

Special Features

Modified Aeration—Setter, Carpenter, Winslow, Shapiro and Hogan

Thermophilic Digestion—Fischer and Greene

Effect of Heavy Chlorine Dosages—Griffin and Chamberlain Survey of Research Projects—Research Committee

1945 Convention Postponed!

See Page 851.

O F F I C I A L P U B L I C A T I O N OF T H E

F E D E R A T I O N OF S E W A G E W O R K S A S S O C IA T IO N S

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POSTPONED!

The

A ^{n n u a l} C o n v e n t i o n OF THE

Federation of

Sewage Works Associations

O riginally Scheduled to Be H eld at Toronto in October, 1945

See Page 851 for Details

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SEWAGE WORKS JOURNAL 1

M A N U F A C T U R E R S O F

froLnECHNlKH

Pumping,—Sewage Treatment,-

i n i n _____ •_r • ____a? _ __ r - * _______ ______

A m e / U o a n W a i t e ^ n e a t m e n t £ e q u i p m e n t

Bulletin No. 249 —

“Grit Removal Resign”— The theory, practice and equipment for grit re

moval.

Bulletin No. 260—

“Pre-Aeration-Grease Flotation”— The application of beneficial pre-treat

ment for new and existing plants.

“Rotary Distributors” — Distributors to m eet all field conditions. Recom

mendations for filters.

“Sludge Pumps” — Information on pumps, sludge pumping, typical pip

ing layout and pipe friction curves for sludge.

“Screens”— Complete information on the removal and cutting of screen

ings.

“Sludge Removal” — Conveyors for removal of sludge and the design of sedimentation tanks.

“Aeration Equipment”— Principles of activated sludge plant design; aera

tion equipment required.

“Sewage Pumps” — Horizontal and Vertical. Specifications, illustrations,- dimensions and selection tables.

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FED ER A TIO N OF SEW AGE W ORKS ASSOCIATIONS

OFFICERS President

De. A. E. Berry, Ontario Dept, of Health, Parliament Buildings, Toronto, Ont.

Vice-President

J. K. Hoskins, Assistant Surgeon General, U. S. P. H. S., 2000 Massachusetts Ave. N. W., Washington 14, D. C.

Treasurer W. W. DeBerard, City Engineer, 402 City Hall, ■Chicago,.111.

V Executive Secretary— Editor

W. H. Wis e l y, 325 Illinois Building, Champaign, 111.

Advisory Editor

F. W. Mo h l m a n, Chief Chemist, The Sanitary District of Chicago, 910 S. Michigan Ave., Chicago, 111 Directors

Pacific Northwest: M. S. Ca m pb e l l (1947) Pennsylvania: F. S. Fr ie l (1946) Rocky M ountain: Da na E . Ke p n e r (1945) Texas: W. S. Ma h l ie (1945)

Argentina: E . B . Bessel ie v r e (1943)*

Canada: St a n le y Sh u p e (1946)

Inst. San. Eng. (.Eng.): Gu y H. Hu m p h r ie s (1947) Inst. Sew. Pur. (E ng.): J. H. Ga r n e r (1947) A t Large: W. J. Orcha rd (1945)

A t Large: C. A. Em erso n (1946) A t Large.: F. W. Mo h l m a n (1947)

W. and S. W ks. M jgrs.: W. B. Ma r sh a l l (1945) W. and S. W ks. Mjgrs.: L. H. En sl o w (1946) W . and S. W ks. M jgrs.: Fr a n kW. Lov ett (1947) Ex-Officio: A, M. Ra w n (1945)

Ex-Officio: M o rris M . C o h n (1945) Ex-Officio: Ea r n e st Bo yce (1945) Ex-Officio: F. W. Gilcrea s (1945) Ex-Officio: H. He u k e l e k ia n (1945)

SE W A G E W O R K S JO U R N A L

R E G . U. S . R A T . O F F .

A Bimonthly Journal devoted to the advancement of fundamental and practical knowledge concerning the nature, collection, treatm ent and disposal of sewage and industrial wastes, and the design, construction, operation and manage

ment of sewage works.

Publication Office: Prince and Lemon Sts., Lancaster, Pa.

Subscription Price:

Members of Local Sewage Works Associations affiliated with the Federation, $3.00 per year.

Non-members: U. S. and Canada, $5.00 per year; other countries, $6.00.

Foreign Subscriptions must be accompanied by International Money Order.

Single copies: United States, $1.00 each; Foreign, $1.25 each.

M anuscript and advertising: copy m ay be sent to the E ditor, W. H . W isely, 325-26 Illin ois B id*., C ham paign, 111., for acceptance or rejection subject to the provisions of the Federation C onstitution.

Subscriptions and address changes should be sent to W. H . W isely, E xecutive Secretary, 325-26 Illin ois Bldg:., C ham paign, 111.

C^a*[ns be allowed for copies of Journals lost in the mails unless such claims are received within sixty (60) days of the date of issue and no claims will be allowed for issues lost as a result of insufficient notice of change of address. Missing from files cannot be accepted as the reason for honoring a claim.

Entered as second-class matter, May 7, 1934, at the post office at Lancaster, Pa., under the Act of March 3, 1879.

Arizona: Ge o. W. Marx (1946) California: Clyde C. Ken n ed y (1947) Central States: B. A. Poole (1945) Dakota: K. C. La u ster (1946) Federal: M. LeBo sq u et, Jr. (1947) Florida: Fred A. Eid sn e ss (1947) Georgia: H. A. Wy c k o ff (1947) Iowa: Jo h n W. Pray (1947) Kansas: P. D. Ha n ey (1945)

Maryland-Delaware: A. L . Ge n t e r (1945) Michigan: W. F. Sh e p h a r d (1946) Missouri: W. Q. Ke h r (1945) Montana: J. M. Sc h m id t (1947) New England: J . H. Bro o k s, Jr. (1945) New Jersey: E. P. Mo lito r (1945) New York: C. G . An d e r se n (1945) North Carolina: W. M . Fr a n k l in (1946) Ohio: C . D. McGu ir e (1945)

Oklahoma: E. R. Sta pley (1947)

* Successor not yet designated.

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T ests show th a t D orrco C lariflocculatots prod uce far b etter results on raw sew age sedim entation than standard Clarifiers.

Flow han dling capacity has been increased up to }1.6% and suspended solids rem ovals increased up to 21.6% .

T he D o rrco C lariflocculator consists o f a Flocculator and a Clarifier in a single tank. T h e flocculation and settling com partm en ts are con centric and circular in plan, w ith the F locculator com partm en t being suspended above the clarifier floor. T hus, flocculation and clarification are carried o u t in a single, com pact, efficient unit.

COMPARATIVE RESULTS AT YPSILANTI, MICH. INSTALLATION 40' Dorrco Clariflocculator vs. 40' Dorr Clarifier on w eak domestic sewage :

Greater Capacity at Same Removals (7 weeks average)

Greater Removals at Same Capacity (8 weeks average) Clari

flocculator Clarifier Clari

flocculator Clarifier

Detention—His. 1.9 7.5 2.3 2.3

Overflow rate—gdls sq It. day 950 720 800 800

Raw Sewage—p.p.m. 147 147 155 155

Ellluent—p.p.m. 68 71 t>6 82

Removals— percent 53.8 51.8 57 4 47.2

imreased caoaclty— percent 31.6 — — —

increased removals—percent — — 21.6 —

Other tests, of shorter duration, indicate proportionately greater improve

ments on proportionately stronger sewages.

T H E C L A R I F L O C C U L A T O R O F F E R S : 1. I d e a l F e e d D i s t r i b u t i o n —b e lo w s u r

fa c e t h r o u g h a n in v e r t e d s ip h o n . 2 . P r e f l o c c u l a t i o n W i t h o u t C h e m i c a l s

— s o l i d s c o a le s c e d m e c h a n ic a lly . 3 . A u t o m a t i c H a n d l i n g — o f h e a v y m a

t e r ia ls w h i c h s e t t le i n s e p a r a te F l o c c u l a t o r s t r u c t u r e s , e l im i n a t i n g p e r i o d i c m a n u a l c le a n in g .

F l o e N o t D a m a g e d — t h e y a r e n o t d is in t e g r a t e d i n p a s s i n g t o t h e s e d im e n t a t io n z o n e . P e r f e c t S e d im e n t a t io n C o n d i t i o n s — i n a n a n n u l a r z o n e w i t h d e c e le r a t e d f l o w t o t h e o v e r f lo w w e ir .

, S e e d F lo e s R e c i r c u l a t e d — t o f o r m n u c le i f o r n e w f lo e f o r m a t io n s .

. I n s t a l le d C o s t — is le s s f o r C l a r i f l o c c u l a t o r t h a n f o r s e p a r a te f l o c c u l a t o r a n d c la r if ie r u n it s o f a c o m p a r a b le s iz e .

DORRCO Clariflocculators arc normally made in sizes ranging from 20' to 100' in diameter, though larger sizes can be made if required. For additional details write to the nearest Dorr office. There is no obligation.

¡RESEARCH

a d d r e s s

N E W YO RK 22, N .Y . , A T LA N T A 3, G A . . . TO R O N TO 1, O N T. . . C H IC A G O 1, ILL. . , , D EN VER 2, ¿ O L O . . . L O S A N G E L E S 14, CAL.

, 570 LEX IN G T O N AVE.

W ILLIAM-OLIVER BLDG. | 8 0 R IC H M O N D ST. W . |

> 221 N O . LA SALLE ST.

, . C O O PE R BU ILD IN G . . .811 W EST 7TH ST.

RESEARCH A N D TESTIN G LABO RA TO RIES WESTPORT, C O N N . S U G A R P R O C E S S IN G PETREE & DO RR D IV ISIO N 570 LEX IN G T O N AVE.. N E W YORK 22. N .Y . A L L I N Q U I

SEWAGE WORKS JOURNAL

DORRCO Clariflocculators

Sewage Treatment Capacity

40 ft. diameter Clariflocculator at Ypsilanti, M ich.

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A BARREL Of SAVINGS

Here is a hydrant that can be re

placed by two men in 15 minutes.

N o digging under the hot sun.

N o hammering awSy at frost- hardened ground. Thebarrel, con

taining all working-parts, simply unscrews at the elbow and is withdrawn through the protec

tion case. A spare takes its place and the original goes back to the shop where repairs can be conveniently scheduled. You save your community money because fewer man-hours are required for maintenance work—and you pro

vide better fire-protection be

cause out-of-service time is kept at a minimum. For economy and efficiency, specify M athews M od

ernized Hydrants.

MATHEWS HYDRANTS

'Wtade

&

D» M O O D

4 0 0 C H E S T N U T S T R E E T , P H I L A D E L P H I A 5, P A .

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For High-Efficiency Sludge Rem oval and Sedim entation

THE ClRCULINE COLLECTOR FOR ROUND TANKS

Positive movement of sludge, along the most direct path to the draw-off, in the shortest time, is accom

plished with the Circuline Collector. This results in maximum sludge concentration and complete solids removal without septicity. Efficiency of sedimentation is accomplished by, (1) the uni

formity of distribution of the incoming flow from the center of tank, and (2) unagitated transporta

tion of settled sludge to the draw-off hopper, which will not again throw it into suspension or allow it to become septic. Send for Special Catalog 1982.

THE SfRAIGHTLINE COLLECTOR*

FOR RECTANGULAR TANKS The Straightline Collector assures rapid, positive removal of sludge from rectangular tanks. Sludge is conveyed to the sludge hopper over the shortest possible path and in the shortest possible time. The

action of this collector is not only positive, but its travel speed can be adapted to the characteristics of the sludge so that very little stirring action takes place. The sludge is carried as a unit to the point of discharge. The slow speed of the collector and the excellent distribution of the flow assures maxi

mum efficiency. Send for special catalog No. 1742.

9S48-A

L I N K - B E L T C O M P A N Y Chicago 9, Indianapolis 6, Philadelphia 40.

A tlanta, D allas 1, M inneapolis 5, San Francisco 24, Toronto 8.

Offices in principal cities.

•

L I N K ' O B E L T

SCREENS-COLLECTORS-M IXERS AERATORS

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0 SEWAGE WORKS JOURNAL

Johns-Manville TRANSITE PIPE

FOR EFFICIENT, ECONOMICAL SEWAGE DISPO SAL

J y ... and endures

through the years in service

S TARTING from the time you load its 13-foot lengths onto your trucks . . . continuing during its rapid assembly. .. and lasting through

out its long, dependable service underground, Transite Sewer Pipe makes important contri

butions to more efficient, economical sewage disposal:

F ast In s t a lla t io n . Transite’s light weight means easier handling; its long 13-foot lengths reduce the number of joints . . . speed up assembly.

Le ss In filtr a tio n . Its floating sleeve-type joint com

bines flexibility with tightness . . . guarding against costly infiltration and reducing the load at the disposal plant.

H ig h D e liv e r y C a p a c it y . The smooth interior of this asbestos-cement pipe assures high delivery capacity . . . often permits smaller pipe, or flatter grades with shallower trenches.

C o r r o s io n - R e s is t a n t — outside, inside and all the way through ... proved in countless installations, under a wide range of soil conditions.

For more facts about Transite Sewer Pipe, write for Brochure TR-21A. Ad- I dress Johns-Manville, 22 E. 40th St., C ik i I New York 16, N. Y.

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Y EO M A N S BROTHERS C O M PA N Y

C H I C A G O

SEND CO U PO N . . . 'lU e ie . i «o O U it f o lio *i

Y E O M A N S B R O T H E R S C O M P A N Y

1411 N orth D a y to n Street • C h ic a g o 22, Illin o is P le a se send Bulletin N o . 6 5 5 2 with full descrip tion o f Y e o m a n s " W a t e r - W h e e l ” Distributor.

For small communities, institutions, industrial plants Y E O M A N S

"WcdeA.-Wheel"

DIST RIBU TO R

• l o w Initial Cost

• Sim ple M aintenance

• Extraordinary Results

• S e r v in g sm all iso la te d com m unities—

schools, h o sp ita ls a n d ind ustrial plants

— this sim ple, w ell built unit h a s m a d e an e xcellen t re co rd fo r u n fa ilin g r e g u la rity a n d a minimum o f attention.

The distrib uting tro u g h rotates only a s the w a te r-w h e e l buckets fill, at a n y ra te o f flow. The V -n o tch o p e n in g s w ith s p r e a d e r p la te s a r e s p a c e d fo r eve n distribution. C lo g g in g a n d f re quent cle a n in g a re p re ve n te d .

The " W a t e r - W h e e l ” D istributor can b e use d with a n y kind o f p rim a ry s e d i

ment tank. N o d o s in g c h a m b e rs or sip h o n s a re n e e d e d , n o a cc e sso rie s r e qu ire d . A n y g o o d h a n d y -m a n ca n install a n d se rvice the unit.

Bulletin N o . 6 5 5 2 g iv e s y o u full d e taile d inform ation. S e n d the coupon.

9 3 % R E M O V A L O F 5 - D A Y B.O .D.

7 6 % R E M O V A L O F S U S P E N D E D S O L ID S A T L A K E FO R E ST H O S P IT A L

These test fig u re s w e re ta k e n from a t y p ic a l w e e k ’s o p e ra tio n o f Y e o m a n s " W a t e r - W h e e l ” D istributor at L a k e Forest H o sp ital, n e a r L ak e Forest, Illinois. The

" W a t e r - W h e e l ” distributes o v e r a 2 0 - fo o t filter b e d , a n d treats s e w a g e from a n institution o f 2 2 0 pe rson s

— la u n d ry , toilets a n d o p e r a t in g room w astes.

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SLUDGE REMOVAL CONTROL

Rex Tow-Bro Sludge Rem over in two 75-foot diam eter F inal Settling m m m m m m m m Tanks (.A ctivated Sludge Process), Topeka, Kansas, Sewerage Treat- m M M t T M J § m ent Plant. Cbas. A . Haskins & Co., Kansas City, Mo., Consulting W W M f WM I T E f c Engineers.

REX TOW-BRO SLUDGE

The Rex Tow-Bro Sludge Remover is the only device that assures accurate control of sludge removal over a wide range of withdrawal rates. This feature, combined with the gentle suction action of the Tow-Bro, provides the ideal equip

ment for handling light, flocculent solids over wide ranges of removal.

Sludge can be removed as rapidly as desired to prevent septicity within the tank, without disturbing the settling efficiency of the tank. In one revolution of the Tow-Bro, all the sludge may be removed from the entire tank bottom.

The Rex Tow-Bro pro

vides—greater solids con

centration, greater oper

ating flexib ility and a

clearer, undisturbed effluent, all with lower installation and operating costs.

It will pay you to investigate the pos

sibilities of the Rex Tow-Bro for your plant. Rex Sanitation Engineers will be glad to show you how you can benefit from the exceptional advantages of the Rex Tow-Bro. For complete informa

tion, write Chain Belt Company, 1606 West Bruce St., Milwaukee 4, Wisconsin.

S A N I T A T I O N E Q U I P M E N T

B a r S c re e n s • Triturators • C o n v e y o r a n d T o w - B r o S lu d g e R e m o v e r s • R a p id a n d S lo - M ix e r s * A e ro -F ilt e r D istrib u to rs • G rit C o lle cto rs a n d W a s h e r s

W hite arrows show direction of sludge rem oved from tank bottom by R ex Tow-Bro gentle suction action.

CHAIN BELT COMPANY

OF M I L W A U K E E

____________M e m b e r o f the W ater and S e w a g e W orkt M a n u fa ctu re rs A s s o c ia tio n , Inc.

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Y /&

IS MAKING GOOD IN A BIG WAY During these years of man and ma

terial shortages, grating made of Alcoa Aluminum is proving especially advan

tageous. Aluminum’s high resistance to corrosion makes protective painting unnecessary. So, many man-hours of work are being saved.

Aluminum grating is designed to

provide maximum strength and stiffness, while retaining the ease of handling which light weight gives it. Aluminum is nonsparking, assuring maximum safety where ex

plosive fumes are present. Non si ip surfaces can be included.

Consult your supplier on the possi

bility of obtaining aluminum grating to replace old grating or for new construc

tion. Al u m in u m Co m p a n y o f Am e r ic a,

2111 Gulf Building, Pittsburgh 19, Pa.

lA LCO Al

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CH PM AN

No. 941

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BEAMED WATERWAY CATE VALVE

Recognizing the need for a more efficient valve than the double disc, parallel seated gate valve used under throttling conditions, Chapman engineers developed the Beamed Waterway Gate Valve.

This valve is designed to provide sufficient bearing contact for the downstream disc to prevent its tipping into the waterway.

This is effected by means of bronze-faced vertical beams in the downstream port, which contact bronze strips in the adjacent disc. The bronze facings are in the same plane with the seat and disc ring faces, thus increasing the bearing contact between disc and body seat facings from six to ten times when the valve is in the one-quarter or one-half open positions. There is no uneven wear on the seat rings to cause the valve to leak.

Beamed Waterway Gate Valves have been tested in actual op

eration for more than ten years, and conclusive reports from Water Filtration Plants are now available to engineers. Write to:

The Chapman Valve Manufacturing Co.

I N D I A N O R C H A R D , M A S S .

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WILL ENHANCE TH S AND CUT TH is incredible. But it is a-fiict that

"the two neat G-E unit substations you see above handle 80 per cent more powi than the conventional “gingerbreadlMay- out at the tof> of the opposite page. And they do"it with lower electrical losses, afford greater protection to personnel!

G-E unit substations represent a radical departure from previous conceptions of a transformer substation. For now, com

bined in a single co-ordinated unit, you find transforming capacity, cable-ter

minating facilities and, if desired, both high-voltage and low-voltage switchgear.

The Pyranol* transformer section of each unit is completely sealed against dust and dampness. Little or no main

tenance is required. In addition, Pyranol transformers are ideal for handling emer-

*T rade-m ark R egistered U .S. P at. Off.

TATIONS

I OF TOMORROW'S SEWERAGE PLANTS gency overloads because of their high

eat-storage capacity.

The G-E metal-clad switchgear isolates each circuit in a separate, grounded com

partment. Vertical-lift breakers are easily removable for inspection, yet for safety’s sake they can’t be raised or lowered unless the breaker is open.

To make the best use of G-E unit substations, Cabinetrol, pump motors, and other electric equipment, ask G-E engineers now to work with you and your consultants. By calling them in at the very start of your planning, you will wind up with co-ordinated electrical and archi

tectural plans that will assure better- looking, less costly construction. And your new plant will stay modern longer.

General Electric Co., Schenectady 5, ^{N . Y .}

B U Y A LL THE B O N D S Y O U C A N— A N D KEEP ALL Y O U BUY!

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between these two modern G-E unit substations (opposite which serve nine 300-hp pump motors, and the “spider-web” layout above, serves only three 500-hp pump motors. Think what such substation “stream

lining” can mean to the appearance of your next sewage-treatment plant—how it will save money, space, and time, and how it will simplify maintenance.

$3700 SAVED! The installed cost of the 1000-kva factory- assembled G-E unit substation, at the left in this photo

graph, was nearly 4000 dollars less than the cost of the 1000-kva field-assembled conventional set-up at the right.

(This cost comparison is based on the lowest sealed bids of eleven contractors who bid on both types of substation.)

C O - O R D I N A T E SEWE R AG E P L ANT ■

L E C T R I F I C A T K

G E N E R A L

m

E L E C T R IC6R6-42E-HC>98

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WHAT DO YOU KNOW ABOUT

. . for

r arse and f'.ne Screen Aprons . Screen

; “¹« — • c: : z «** °«*.

H o p p e '* • 0 " flCeeS “ . m a n h o le S te p s e

• V a W e S p ',n9 . r o n d u A

Chains vai Eiectricai

. . . A N D THESE RESERVOIR AND W ATERW ORKS A P P LIC A TIO N S

B o lts ■ F la s h b o a r d S u p p o rt s * F lu s h B o x F it tin g s ' P ip e ■ Sc re e n • Scre e n F ra m e s * S p i llw a y F it tin g s

S te p s • V a l v e Stem s.

The record of Everdur* for sewage treatment and water service is outstanding. Equipment of this strong corrosion resistant Copper alloy has been in service for 18 years . . . and the condition of the metal promises many more years of service.

In addition to the properties of Everdur, it is important to know that it is available in a wide range of commercial shapes, bars, plates, rods, seamless tubes, sheet and wire. Bolts and nuts made of Everdur can be obtained from leading manufacturers.

Everdur can be readily fabricated, ma

chined and welded into almost any type of equipment you may need. You will find that

it will serve as an exceptionally durable metal for new equipment and also for repair and replacement parts. We therefore suggest that you add to your reference files the following publications:

E-l 1 — Everdur Metal for Sewage Treatment Equipment, and Water Works Service.

E-5 — Everdur Metal (properties, constants, specifications, etc.).

E-6 —Everdur Bolts, Screws and Accessories.

E - l 3 — Everdur Metal Tanks and Equipment.

B-22 —Anaconda Electrical Conduit.

Any or all of them will gladly be mailed on

request. icisia

K e e p F a ith w it h Y o u r F ig h t e r s a n d Y o u r s e l f ! B u y W a r B o n d s f o r K e e p s !

THE AMERICAN BRASS COMPANY—General Offices: Waterbury 88, Connecticut

Subsidiary o f A naconda C opper M in in s C om pany * In Canada: A naconda A m erican Brass Ltd., N e w Toronto, O nt.

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SWING DIFFUSERS

A REQUIREMENT TOR OVERALL EFFICIENCY OF ACTIVATED SLUDGE PLA N TS

Chicago Wide Band Air Diffusion Sys

tem with Swing Dif

fusers at Omaha, Nebr., sewage treat

ment plant.

SUCCESSFUL PERFORMANCE ASSURED BY 10 YEARS OPERATING EXPERIENCE

OVER 150 INSTALLATIONS

OPERATION EFFICIENCY: Swing Diffusers can be raised to tank walk and tubes removed for cleaning without in

terrupting operation of the aeration tank. Tubes can be cleaned a few at a time by a small labor force as fill-in work. It is not necessary to dewater the tank and clean all tubes at one time. Clogging by organic growths can, in many cases, be prevented by raising Swing Diffuser and hosing the tubes.

AERATION EFFICIENCY: Chicago W ide Band Air Diffusion System with Swing Diffusers* provides greater oxygen absorption — eliminates center coring — less air for op

timum circulation — power econom y through reduced hydrostatic head on elevated diffuser tubes — sim ple rearrangement of diffuser tube spacing to conform with oxygen demand.

‘Patented

CHICAGO PUMP COMPANY

S E W A G E E Q U I P M E N T D I V I S I O N

2 3 X 4 W O L F R A M S T R E E T Flush-Kleen. S cru-P eller, Plunger.

Horizontal and Vertical Non-Clogs.

Water Seal Pumping Units. Samplers.

C H I C A G O 1 8 , I L L I N O I S Sw ing D iffusers, Stationary Diffusers.

M echanical Aerators, Combination A era to r-C la rifiers, C om m in u tors.

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Is this

T h e fin a l pe ace m a y s t ill be f a r a w a y . O r it m a y -b e c lo se r t h a n y o u t h in k . . . B u t n e a r o r fa r, co m p le te v ic t o r y w ill b r in g tw o c e rta in tie s to a ffe c t y o u r jo b .

F ir s t , th e re w ill be c h a n g e s in A m e r ic a n liv in g

— fo r r e v o lu t io n a r y p e a c e tim e p ro g re ss h a s fo l

lo w e d clo se o n th e heels of every m o d e rn w ar.

A n d y o u w ill h a v e a g r e a t p a r t to p la y in the c o m in g p o s tw a r A m e ric a !

A m o n g o th e r th in g s , w e b e lie v e th e p o s tw a r p e rio d w ill see a n im p o r ta n t re v o lu t io n in m u n i

c ip a l life : the m erging o f fo o d w astes a n d h u m a n w astes in a SINGLE system o f collection a n d d is

p o sal, by w ater-carriage m ethods.

T h is id e a is a lr e a d y m o re t h a n a de cad e old a n d w a s w e ll on th e w a y to g e n e ra l a c c e p ta n c e w h e n th e w a r b e g a n .

W e b e lie v e t h a t th e g a r b a g e c a n , a s a p a r t of th e A m e r ic a n h o m e — a n d th e se p a ra te c o lle c tio n o f g a rb a g e , a s a p a r t o f m u n ic ip a l a c t i v i t y — w ill u lt im a t e ly be co m e a s e x t in c t as th e o u th o u se .

T h e G -E DISPOSALL — a m e c h a n is m fo r con

v e r t in g foo d w aste in t o se w a ge b y s h re d d in g , a n d th e n flu s h in g it d o w n th e d r a in — m a k e s th is r e v o lu t io n p o ssib le .

I t involves no new problem s fo r m u n ic ip a l sew

age disposal sy ste m s—fo r fo o d w astes an d h u m a n w astes are basically identical.

Y o u , in y o u r v it a l jo b of a s s is t in g h u m a n p ro g re ss, a fte r th e w a r, w ill w a n t to be fa m ilia r w ith th e D is p o s a ll.

Y O U R Q U E S T I O N S A N D

O U R A N S W E R S

a b o u t th e G - E D i s p o s a l l

1. I s th e D i s p o s a l l a te ste d p r o d u c t — or ju st a n “ i d e a ” ?

A n s w e r: T h e firs t D is p o s a ll w a s m a rk e te d in 1935. I t h a s sp e n t it s firs t d e c a d e p r o v in g the so u n d n e ss of it s p r in c ip le s .

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a part of your p o s t w a r j o b . . . . ?

I t is re a d y to be co m e a new w a y of life , in th e p o stw a r p e rio d , o n ly b e cau se m ore th a n ten y e a rs of p re p a ra tio n lie b e h in d it.

2. W o n ’t th e D is p o s a l l c reate n e w p r o b le m s in s e w e r a g e s y s t e m s ?

A n s w e r: N o . T e n y e a rs of te sts h a v e a m p ly s u b s ta n tia te d the fa c t t h a t s o lid s a lre a d y in y o u r sew er lin e s a n d tre a tm e n t p la n ts are no t in a n y s ig n ific a n t w a y d iffe re n t fro m the sh re d d ed food w astes flu sh e d in to y o u r sy ste m b y th e D is p o s a ll.

Q u a n t it a t iv e ly , w id e sp re a d use o f th e D i s p o s a ll w ill c a ll fo r g re a te r capacity in y o u r p la n ts som e d a y — b u t n e v e r fo r a n y c h a n g e in y o u r

methods of tre a tm e n t.

3. W h a t is there to g a in b y t h is d u a l d is  p o s a l ?

A n s w e r: G a r b a g e — w h ic h is to s a y , fo 6 d w astes w h ic h h a v e p u tre fie d — is to o d a n g e ro u s to sto re in the ho m e, o r n e a r it. I t w o u ld be d iffic u lt to o ve re stim a te th e d ise ases ca u se d b y th e flie s it breeds, th e ro d e n ts i t a ttr a c ts .

E v e n polio is now o n th e lis t of m ore th a n a score of d ise ase in d ic tm e n ts a g a in s t the co m m o n h o u se fly !

I n a d d itio n , g a rb a g e is o d o ro u s a n d u n p le a s

a n t. W it h th e D is p o s a ll, food w astes are sh re d d ed a n d w a te r-flu sh e d o u t o f th e house before th e y p u tre fy in to g a rb a g e !

4. If t h is c h a n g e is s o lo g ic a l, w h y h a s n 't it c o m e s o o n e r ?

A n sw e r: “ P re c e d e n t” — o r th e ab se n ce o f p rece d e n t — is the o n ly a n sw e r we c a n t h in k of.

O r ig in a lly , sew ers w ere re g a rd e d a s d ra in s for sto rm w a te r o n ly — th e id e a o f p u t t in g any so lid s in to th e m w as u n h e a rd of!

L a t e r , th e id e a of re m o v in g h u m a n w astes b y w a te r-c a rria g e m e th o d s d e v e lo p e d . T h e id e a of h u m a n -w a ste re m o v a l is a b o u t f if t y y e a rs o ld ; th e id e a o f fo o d -w aste re m o v a l b y th e sam e m e an s is a b o u t ten y e a rs old.

5. W h y “ g r in d ” the f o o d w a s t e s o s m a ll ?

A n sw e r: S in c e size a lo n e h a s h ith e rto p re v e n te d d u a l d isp o sa l of food w astes a n d h u m a n w astes b y w ater, it is o b v io u s t h a t som e g r in d in g is n e ce ssa ry.

T h e v e r y fine p a rtic le s tu rn e d o u t b y th e D is p o s a ll re p re se n t th e c a r e fu lly tested , safe d im e n sio n s a t w h ic h p a rtic le s will not shoal a t a n y sew er v e lo c it y in co m m o n use b u t w ill be a m e n ab le to c la rific a t io n , d ig e s tio n , a n d s t a b ili

z a tio n a t tre a tm e n t p la n ts .

6. If w e h a v e n o s e w a g e tre atm e n t p la n t, w h a t t h e n ?

A n sw e r: W it h w id e sp re a d use of th e D is p o s a ll—

w ith any use of the D is p o s a ll— or w ith no D i s p o s a ls a t a ll, w e b e lie v e a sew age tre a tm e n t p la n t is a n a b so lu te “ m u s t ” in a n y A m e ric a n c it y .

W e hope t h a t the D is p o s a ll— b y p r o v id in g s t ill

another re aso n fo r s u c h a p la n t — w ill h e lp those p u b lic -s p ir ite d m e n w ho h a v e lo n g been fig h t in g fo r s u c h fa c ilitie s !

7. W h e re c a n I g e t m o r e in f o r m a t io n ?

A n sw e r: C o m p re h e n s iv e te s ts of th e D is p o s a ll, in a c tu a l use, o v e r a p e rio d of m ore th a n ten y e a rs, h a v e g iv e n us re lia b le d a ta o n its use.

T h e n e t re s u lt o f th is m a te r ia l sho w s t h a t no new p ro b le m s of a n y n a tu re w ill be c re ated b y the D is p o s a ll.

F o r co m p le te d a ta , or a n y sp e cia l in fo rm a tio n , please w rite to GENERAL ELECTRIC COMPANY,

D e p t . S W J 7 5 , S c h e n e c ta d y , N e w Y o r k .

D i s p o s a l l

C onverts F o o d W aste to S e w a g e — Eliminates " G a r b a g e "

G EN ER A L # ELECTRIC

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The Coagulant ^that Cuts Costs!

Ferri-floc . . . the ferric coagulant that is successfully and economically used in sewage treatment throughout the United States.

Take advantage of modern plant research and findings: use Ferri-floc.

Tennessee Corporation’s technical staff will he glad to help you with your specific p ro b le m s . W rite to us to d a y . T h e consultation service is free, of course.

TThe ¿KCark of Quality

Z lj r

TEN N ESS EE CORPORATION

T E N N E S S E E C O R P O R A T I O N

A T L A N T A , G E O R G I A L O C K L A N D , O H I O

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FOR TRICKLING FILTER SYSTEM OF BIOLOGICAL

TREATMENT

If your, pollution problem demands a consistently high removal of B.O.D. and suspended solids, com

plete elimination or practical control of filter flies, and little or no reduction of efficiency during winter temperatures, here’s the tried and proven trickling filter method of biological treatment that gives ex

cellent results with comparatively little attention.

Proper treatment is half the solution proper mechanical equipment the other half.

CA R TER distributors, em ploying such extra features as leveling flange, bronze nozzles, oversize ball bearings and auto

matic mercury return as standard construc

tion are designed of the finest material, and fabricated on precision machinery.

Combine the efficiency of a CARTER reaction type rotary distributor with the proven trickling filter method of biological treatment for guaranteed results.

Bulletin 4401 tells the complete story

— write for it today

A D D I T I O N A L F E A T U R E S

• Correct center column bearing lu

brication . . . protects with moving members.

• Welded construction with standard parts . . . facilitates emergency field repairs.

• Extra heavy steel guy rods and turn- b u c k le s .. . a s s u r e s c o rr e c t arm alignment.

• Automatic dosing siphon... guaran

t e e s p o s it iv e fe ed to d is t r ib u t o r mechanism in alternate cycles.

RALPH B.CARTER COMPANY

Main Office: HACKENSACK, N. J. New York Office: 53 PARK PL., NEW YORK 7, N.Y.

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This Is The Pipe That

SPEEDS SEWER REPAIRS

W h e n th e o ld s e w e r c o lla p s e d , a n e w tre n c h w a s d u g in 8 h o u r s a n d in 10 m o r e h o u r s 1 8 8 f e e t o f A R M C O P ip e w a s in s t a lle d a n d b a c k fille d . L o n g p ip e le n g t h s cut jo b tim e .

You save valuable time in sewer repair jobs when you use Asbestos-Bonded

Arm co Pipe to replace or reline the fail

ing conduit. Unskilled workmen easily join the long pipe sections with sturdy band couplers, making a tight, durable job. N o cradling is needed. Street or highway traffic soon rolls again. Time saved also means reduced repair costs.

Once Asbestos-Bonded Arm co Pipe is in the ground, you are assured of long

"headache-free” service. A bituminous coating bonded to the galvanized metal stops corrosion in its tracks. And a thick bituminous pavement stoutly resists the

erosive effect of sewage; makes the bot

tom last as long as the top.

Use this pipe for essential repairs now, and plan it into your new, postwar sewerage projects. Our 48-page Armco Sewer Booklet will help you. Write for your copy. Armco Drainage Products Association, 55 Curtis Street, Middle

town, Ohio.

A S BE S T OS - BONDE D A R M C O SEWER P I PE

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‘P 'totect your Personnel and Plant with 'K aow iedye ^of

EXPLO SION H A Z A R D S

M-S-A

COMBUSTIBLE GAS ALARM

Explosion-proof Type EX-S

The A la r m with sp e c ia l p a n e l as

se m b ly . P a n e l is 7 8 " h ig h , 2 4 "

w id e , on a base 2 4 " d e e p . Fur

n i s h e d c o m p l e t e l y a s s e m b l e d , re a d y for im m edia te installation.

Accurate detection and indication of combustible gases and vapors in air is provided for the modern sewage plant with this precision gas instrument. Visible and audible warning is given when concentration exceeds a pre-determined limit—the instrument is completely explosion-proof in operation, and can be located safely in hazardous areas. It can be

interconnected with venti

lation controls as well as with remote recording po

tentiometers.

A vailable in a special panel assembly (left), or in a compact design for wall mounting (right), the M.S. A.

Explosion-proof Type EX-S Combustible Gas Alarm fea

tures an indicating-contact- ing meter, flow meter, ruby alarm signal light, dial-illu

minating pilot light visible through case, explosion- proof alarm signal horn, ac

cessible flashback arresters, and reset and adjuster knob in single combined unit.

Instrument operates on 110-volt, 60-cycle, single

phase alternating current;

draws sample through %"

copper tubing within 150' radius. Write for complete construction and perfor

mance details.

A la r m arranged For wall m o un tin g.

Instrum ent can be c u sto m -b u ilt to meet sp e c ia l require m ents.

MINE S A F E T Y A P P L IA N C E S CO M PA N Y

B R A D D O C K , TH O M A S AND M EA D E S T R E E T S P IT T S B U R G H 8, PA.

District R epresentatives in Principal Cities I N C A N A D A

M I N E S A FETY A P P L I A N C E S C O M P A N Y O F C A N A D A , L I M I T E D

H E A D Q U A R T E R S , T O R O N T O , C A N A D A

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SYMBOL OF SERVICE

X

B A S IC C H E M I C A L S

I M P O R T A N T G E N E R A L C H E M I C A L P R O D U C T S F O R W A T E R & S E W A G E T R E A T M E N T

ALUMINUM SULFATE

E q u a lly Efficient For C o a g u la t io n o f W a t e r & S e w a g e

Ammonia & Potash Alums • Aqua Ammonia • An

hydrous Bisulfite of Soda • Sodium Silicate • Sulfuric Acid • Disodium Phosphate • Trisodium Phosphate Tetrasodium Pyrophosphate • Sodium Fluoride

Sodium Sulfite

BAKER & ADAMSON

L A B O R A T O R Y R E A G E N T S a n d FIN E C H E M IC A L S

/A

For almost half a century General Chemical products have been a familiar sight in American Industry. So numerous are their applications, and so vital their func

tions, that they have long been recognized as basic chemicals which help form the backbone of many prin

cipal industries.

Year after year purchasing and operation executives select and specify General Chemical Products, knowing that the quality and utility of these chemicals have been proved in production . . . meeting demands of the day.

Because General Chemical's research and manufactur

ing programs are both practical and progressive, they are geared to Industry’s ever-changing requirements and anticipate its future necessities. That is why Gen

eral Chemical products today are for today’s processes ... that's why General Chemical products of tomorrow will meet the new demands of the industrial world!

G E N E R A L C H E M I C A L C O M P A N Y

4 0 R E C T O R ST REET • N E W Y O R K 6, N . Y.

S o l e s a n d T e c h n ic a l S e rv ic e O ffices: A tla n ta • B a ltim o re • B o s to n • B rid g e p o r t (C o n n .) • B u ffa lo • C h a r lo t te ( N . C .) C h i c a g o • C le v e la n d - D e n ve r • D e tro it • H o u sto n • L os A n g e l e s • K o n s o s C it y • M in n e a p o l is • N e w Y o r k P h ila d e lp h ia • P ittsb urgh • P ro v id e n c e (R. I.) - S a n F ra n c isc o • S e a ttle • St. L o u i s - U t i c a • W e n a t c h e e • T a k im a (W a s h .)

In W i s c o n s i n : G e n e r a l C h e m ic a l W is c o n s in C o r p o r a t io n , M ilw a u k e e . W i s .

In C a n a d a : T h e N ic h o l s C h e m ic a l C o m p a n y , li m i t e d • M o n t r e a l • T o r o n t o • V a n c o u v e r

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E ig h t 1 1 '6 " x 1 4 ' Face C onkey Filters D eica terin g D igested P rim a ry Sludge.

SEWAGE WOKKS JOUKNAL 23

Conkey Sludge Filter Installations

provide the advantages of

U N D IV ID ED RESPO N SIBILITY

M unicipal and consulting engineers know from experience that equipm ent backed by undivided responsibility for design, engi

neering, fabrication and initial operation not only assures satisfactory perform ance, but also adds to their reputation as success

ful engineering consultants.

Conkey Sludge Filters are designed and con

structed by m en thoroughly fam iliar with the factors which produce efficient and econom ical dew atering, and are backed by undivided responsibility for design, engi

neering, fabrication and initial operation.

General Am erican Process E quipm ent engineers have a correct understanding of feed consistency, conditioning chem icals, conditioning tim e, application and m ixing as well as the all-im portant knowledge of filter construction.

Conkey Sludge Fillers are daily dewatering over a thousand tons of dry solids in American municipalities. Let a General Am erican engineer help you, while your plans are in the blue print stage.

GENERAL AMERICAN

TRANSPORTATION ^ 5 1 7 C O R P O R A TIO N

P R O C E S S E Q U I P M E N T D I V I S I O N P L A T E A W E L D I N G D I V I S I O N G eneral Sales O ffices: 5 3 0 b G raybar B ld g., New Y ork 1 7 , N . Y . # W o rks:S haron, P a ., and L ou isville, K y.

Sales Offices : L ou isv ille, C hicago, Sharon, C leveland, P ittsburgh, St. L ou is, Salt L ake C ity, San Francisco, Tam pa, W ashington, D . C.

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7

?usf f/te P//?e /oi/ &?ow /!

⁶

oe/f

T

HE gates of the dam which has been holding back urgently needed water w orks [and sewage works im provem ents for nearly five war years are opening. M eanwhile, cast iron pipe is obtainable, is being produced in steadily increasing volum e w ithout detrim ent to war orders, and to a lim ited extent is available from stock on hand for im m ediate delivery.

We go ^{0 1 1} record as follows: You can confidently expect to get cast iron pipe when you need it as quickly as any substitute pipe—and quicker, in m ost instances, since cast iron pipe foundry facilities have rem ained intact, as they had to, because of war construction require

m ents. They do not require reconversion.

Put your trust in pipe you know about—cast iron pipe w ith its history of long life and low m aintenance cost. We m ight also say, with good reason, the pipe alm ost everybody knows about, since it has been advertised to the public for 20 years.

CAST IRON PIPE

Cast Iron Pipe Research Association, Thom as F. W olfe, Research Engineer, Peoples Gas Building, Chicago 3, 111.

Sewage Works Journal, Vol. 17, No. 4