WIND FARMS AND RADAR;
VARIOUS JUDGEMENT
PROCESSES
EWMT 18 Delft, The Netherlands | Arne Theil, Onno van Gent
SUBJECTS
Introduction
The EUROCONTROL WTTF Guideline Judgement process in The Netherlands Judgement in other countries
INTRODUCTION
Netherlands Organisation for Applied Scientific Research TNO does PSR and (M)SSR assessment studies for the Dutch ANSPs (Air Navigation Service Providers) / windfarm operators.
Studies for foreign ANSPs are also done: UK, Denmark, Belgium, Australia (and Curaçao). More information:
- Arne Theil: Radar and Windturbines, a Guide to Acceptance Criteria, IEEE 2010
- Onno van Gent, Reinier Tan: PERSEUS Wind Turbine Interference Assessment Tool, EMWT, 2016
Wind Turbine Robust Radar Systems
THE EUROCONTROL WTTF GUIDELINE
THE EUROCONTROL WTTF GUIDELINE
Wind Turbine Robust Radar Systems
THE EUROCONTROL WTTF GUIDELINE
Given the inceased sizes of the latest generation wind turbines, the range division (15 / 16 km) can be questioned.
The SEA-PSR recipe seems to be inspired by a ‘standard’ 2D ATC radar with CAGO CFAR process and 1 MHz instantaneous bandwidth. Modern radars are likely to have parallel (concurrent) receive beams, higher bandwidth, more advanced CFAR process.
JUDGEMENT PROCESS IN THE NETHERLANDS
Wind Turbine Robust Radar Systems
Both the civilian and the military ANSP (air navigation service provider) rely on the Netherlands Organisation for Applied Scientific Research, TNO.
PSR-DEA assessment requires detailed radar knowledge, e.g., the precise CFAR implementation, antenna patterns, PRF’s, RF’s, … Only in rare occasions the radar OEM is reluctant to provide this information to TNO.
PSR-DEA: TNO quantifies the expected radar performance degradation in terms of loss of detection and firm track capability (antenna rotation rate is considered).
(M)SSR-DEA: TNO quantifies the expected degradation of the position accuracy.
JUDGEMENT PROCESS IN THE NETHERLANDS
Verdict on windfarm allowance is done by the ANSPs.
Dutch ANSP Royal Airforce applies an objective criterion, derived from required system performance. Wind turbines upto a range of 75 km are assessed.
The multi-radar configuration is considered. One compromised radar may not necessarily imply a negative verdict. At least all seven 60 NM ATC radars provide PSR and SSR plot data to the ARTAS plot fusion tracker.
JUDGEMENT PROCESS IN THE NETHERLANDS
JUDGEMENT PROCESS IN OTHER COUNTRIES
Generally no multi-radar configuration, single radar assessment:
- An infrastructure such as applied in The Netherlands may not be present. - The ANSP wishes to be ‘on the safe side’.
No objective criterion; the rationale of the verdict is not always well explained or understood. Australia: constructive dialog between the ANSP, the windfarm operator and TNO.
CONCLUSIONS
Dutch methodology:
- clear, understandable, legally anchored in an order in counsil - requires radar details and expertise
- understanding the radar details and building the radar model is an elaborate process - considers the radarnetwork
Experience in other countries (as far as known to TNO): - less structured
- subjective verdict criterion
Wind Turbine Robust Radar Systems
THANK YOU FOR YOUR
ATTENTION
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