W IT O L D M U C H A , A N T O N I S IE N K IE W IC Z , M IR O S Ł A W A S Z Y M A Ń S K A
C O N T E N T OF M A C R O E L E M E N T S IN O R G A N S OF O N E -Y E A R O L D SCO TS P IN E P IN U S S IV E S T R IS L.
Agricu ltu ral U n iversity of Poznań Institut of the Natural Bases of Forestry
The mineral substances have a decisive influence on the treegrowth as: 1. components of organic compounds, 2. catalists, 3. regulators of biochemical and physiological processes. However, the influence of the nutrients on tree — growth and the role of each element are rather difficult to distinguish.
The deficit mechanism in nutrients— taking is often observed in unfer tilized forest soils. Lack of macroelements, especially basic ones as N, P, K, Ca, Mg, shows various intensity in terms of growth, quality and age of stands. This is evident everywhere, where full and natural biolo gical circuit does not take place, m ainly in nurseries when growing one (several— years old seedlings).
The quantity of mineral substances in soil constantly diminishes in consequence of uptake of nutrients b y seedlings that are taken off yearly. The decrease of taken aw ay nutrients is diverse (Tabs 3 and 4). Percentage of the content of macroelements in above— ground parts of the plants can be presented as follow : N > K > C a > P > M g (Tabs 1 and 2). There are observed some differences both in sprouts and needles on all plots w here pine seedlings w ith w ell formed buds w ere tested. For exam ple in the needles, the fifth position is occupied by magnesium. On the plot
6
the greater quantity of calcium in comparision with potassium is also mailked. In the sprouts, on the plots 3 and 4, was found more inten sive accumulation of phosphorus than that of calcium.The quantity of macroelements in the roots allows to range them in this w a y : N > K > P > C a > M g , although on the plots 2 and 3 the quantity of phosphorus in evidently smaller than that o f calcium.
In pine seedlings without w ell developed buds there are more or less similar aberration in the content of each observed macroelement (Tab. 2).
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î a b 1 e 1
The total content of macroelements in percentages of the dry mass of the scots pine seedlings /Pinus silvestris L./
with well developed buds
Plot number Parts of the seedlings Compounds in % d.m. N P Mg E Ca I needles 2,255 0,216 0,102 0,942 0,604 sprouts 2,162 0,258 0,144 0,935 0,274 roots 1,890 0,200 0,114 0,624 0,163 II needles 2,217 0,185 0,115 0,828 0,594 sprouts 2,082 0,277 0,180 1,046 0,442 roots 1.570 0,173 0,090 0,745 0,361 III needles 2,077 0,167 0,087 0,664 0,542 sprouts 2,038 0,255 0,107 0,684 0,159 roots 1,971 0,153 0,086 0,524 0,145 IV needles 2,688 0,241 0,088 0,874 0,879 sprouts 2,509 0,286 0,119 0,966 0,619 roots 2,262 0,223 0,108 0,691 0,498 V needles 2,415 0,219 0,113 0,883 0,555 sprouts 2,136 0,223 0,148 1,083 0,161 roots 1,782 0,176 0,094 0,610 0,111 VI needles 2,906 0,234 0,084 0,920 1,015 sprouts 2,546 0,247 0,125 1,001 0,669 roots 2,288 0,175 0,076 0,609 0,143
In the needles there is a greater accumulation of phosphorus than calcium (plot 5) and calcium than potassium (plot
6
). Phosphorus obviously prevails over calcium in sprouts on the plots2
and 5. There are some divergences in quantity of phosphorus and calcium contained in roots, too. On the plot4
calcium exceeds phosphorus while on the plot6
the contents are almost the same.On the base of obtained data the differentiation in quantities of macroelements in pine organs can be proved. In the case the quantities of this element are formed as follow : n eedles^sprouts^roots, except for the plots 2 and 5 (Tab. 2) where accumulation of nitrogen in the sprouts is more intensive than in the needles. Instead the contents of phosphorus are accumulated: sprouts>needles>roots. The only exception is the plot
4
(Tab.2
) on which more phosphorus in the roots than in the needles w as observed. In every case magnesium undoubtedly predominates in the sprouts then come the needles and 'roots on the third position. The noted differences are rather slight. It is only on the plots 1 and 4 (Tab. 1) where accumulation of magnesium is greater in the roots as comparedT a b l e The total content of macroelements in percentages of the
dry mass of the scots pine seedlings /Pinus silvestris L./ without well developed buds
Plot number Parts of the seedlings Compounds in % d.m. N P MS К Ca I needles 2,361 0,191 0,113 0,899 0,697 sprouts 2,050 0,222 0,134 0,949 0,401 roots 1,862 0,173 0,085 0,615 0,160 II needle3 2,^72 0,232 0,097 0,912 0,581 sprouts 2,719 0,317 0,155 0,994 0,191 roots 1.749 0,166 0,085 0,518 0,080 III needles 2,701 0,194 0,088 0,768 0,599 sprouts 2,560 0,198 0,113 0,786 0,404 roots 1,765 0,184 0,079 0,512 0,142 IV needles 2,855 0,169 0,C99 1,011 0,678 sprouts 2,046 0,236 0,107 0,891 0,555 roots 1,911 0,188 0,090 0,616 0,195 V needles 2,320 0,214 0,137 0,881 0,190 sprouts 2 , W 0,257 0,140 0,954 0,145 roots 2,130 0,210 0,085 0,684 0,111 VI needles 2,127 0,205 0,097 0,828 0,905 sprouts 2,021 0,237 0,144 0,952 0,594 roots 1,888 0,197 0,039 0,627 0,197 T a b l e 5 The decrease of macroelements in soil absorbed
by seedlings of scots pine /Pinus silvestris L./ with well-developed
buds in kilograms per hectare
T a b l e 4 The decrease of macroelements in soil absorbed
by seedlings of scots pine
/Pinus silvestris L./ without well-deyeloped buds in kilograms per hectare
Plot number
Content of elements in kilograms per hectare N P Mg К Ca I 14,78 1,55 0,85 5,78 2,56 II 8,97 0,95 0,58 5,87 2,18 III 20,56 1,95 0,97 6,46 5,44 IV 10,96 1.11 0,47 5,75 2,87 V 15,91 1,52 0,84 6,15 2,44 VI 18,66 1,57 0,66 6,06 4,77 Plot number
Content of elements in kilograms per hectare N P Mg К Ca I 8,77 0,88 0,51 5,88 2,27 II 16,75 1,71 0,76 5,98 2,70 III 20,06 1,60 0,77 5,87 5,55 IV 11,91 0,94 0,49 4,55 2,27 V 19,85 1,89 1,04 7,19 1,52 VI 18,59 1,89 0,95 7,19 5,89
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with needles. For potassium, another element found in seedlings, the content shows as follow: sprouts>needles>roots. The divergences occurs on the plots 1 (Taib. 1) and 5 (Tab. 2) where the quantity of magnesium in the needles is the greatest. A n obvious regularity characterizes the distribution of calcium among the organs. The content of this element is undoubtedly greater in the needles than in the sprouts. The smallest content is observed in roots.
The quantity of every macroelement on each plot varies: the content of nitrogen ranges from 2,07 to 2,90%, potassium from 0,66 to 1,08%, magnesium from 0,08 to 0,13%. The difference in the case of calcium is the greatest— from 0,19 to 1,02%. It is necessary to emphasize that the quantity of nitrogen in every combination is immensely great in comparison with the other substancies. On the whole, the qualitative comparison of pine seedlings does not prove any substancial differences in the content of macroelements. In all tested parts of pine seedlings without well-developed buds the greater quantity of nitrogen w as found. The quantity of the other substancies varies.
The cited data allow to determine w hat 'kind of fertilization is appro priate [1, 2, 3, 4]. The quantity of N, P, K, M g accumulated in needles is within optimum limits [4].
Only calcium w id ly oversteps these limits. According to К r a u s s [1] the obtained data lie within optimum (P, K ) or minimum (Mg), between minimum and optimum (Ca) while N is guite close to m axi mum value.
The quantities of the discussed substancies in each part of seedlings indicate considerable decrease of mineral substancies in the soils, mainly in murseries. So that to keep the balance of nutrients between soil and plant and to complement the lacking substancies necessary for plant- -ïgrowth it is evident the permanent soil-fertilization. In the case dis cussed above an special attention should be draw n to M g and Ca.
REFERENCES
[1] K r a u s s H. H.: D ie Anfangsentw icklung von K iefern-Vollum bruchkulturen auf degradierten m ittleren Sandstandorten nach K alkm elioration und Düngung m it N, P, К und Mg. Tagungsberichte N r 50. Ernährung der W aldbäum e und Forstdüngung, Berlin 1962.
[2] K r ó l i k o w s k i L.: N aw ożenie gruntów przeznaczonych pod zalesienia oraz ubogich gleb leśnych pod uprawam i sosnowymi. Post. Techn. w Leś. S liT L iD nr 14, W arszawa 1968.
[3] M u c h a W.: N aw ożenie jako czynnik wzm ożenia produktywności lasu. Post. Techn. w Leś. S liT L iD nr 14, W arszaw a 1968.
[4] Z ö t t l H.: W aldstandort und Düngung. Centralblatt fü r das Gesamte F orst wesen, H e ft 1, München 1964.
В. М У Х А , А . С Е Н К Е В И Ч , М. Ш И М А Н Ь С К А С О Д Е Р Ж А Н И Е М А К Р О Э Л Е М Е Н Т О В В О Р Г А Н А Х О Д Н О Л Е ТН Е Й С О СН Ы О Б Ы К Н О В Е Н Н О Й — P I N U S S I L V E S T R I S L. Институт естественных основ лесоводства Сельскохозяйственной академии в Познани Р е з ю м е Вопрос удерж ания равновесия питательны х веществ Между почвой и ра стением, а такж е дополнения необходимых д ля роста растений макроэлементов, я в л я лся предметом многочисленны х исследований [1, 2, 3. 4]. В настоящ ем труде анализируется количественное содержание N, Р, К, Са и M g в хвое, побегах и корнях однолетней сосны. Рассматриваются такж е соотношения м еж ду отдельны ми макроэлементами и потребностью удобрения, особенно в питомниках. W . M U C H A , A . S IE N K IE W IC Z , М. S Z Y M A Ń S K A C O N T E N U DES M IC R O É L E M E N T S D A N S LE S O R G A N E S D ’U N P I N O R D IN A IR E ÂG É D ’U N A N P I N U S S I L V E S T R I S L.
Institut des Bases Naturels de Sciences Forestières, U n iversité Agronom ique de Poznań
R é s u m é
L e problèm e de la conservation d’équilibre des éléments nutritifs entre le sol et la plante ainsi que le ravitaillem en t avec des macroelements indispensable au developm ent des plantes ont été l ’objet de nombreuses recherches [1, 2, 3, 4].
Dans l ’ouvrage présent on a analysé le contenu quantitatif de N, P, K , Ca et Mg, dans les aiguilles, les pousses et les racines d’un pin âgé d’un an.
On a indiqué aussi les relations entre les macroelements particuliers et les besoins de la fertilisation notamment dans des pépinières.
W . M U C H A , A . S IE N K IE W IC Z , M. S Z Y M A Ń S K A M A K R O E L E M E N T G E H A L T IN D EN O R G A N E N D E R E IN J Ä H R IG E N K IE F E R P I N U S S I L V E S T R I S L.
Landw irtschaftliche Grundlagen der Forstw irtschaft Landw irtschaftliche U n iversität zu Poznań
Z u s a m m e n f a s s u n g
Die Frage der Einhaltung des N ährstoff-G leichgew ichts zwischen Boden und P fla n ze sowie der Vervollkom m nung der fü r den Pflanzenwuchs unentbehrlichen M akroelem ente w a r ein Gegenstand zahlreicher Untersuchungen [1, 2, 3, 4].
In der vorliegenden A rb e it w ird der mengenmässige N -, P -, K -, Ca- and M g - G ehalt in den Nadeln, Sprossen und W urzeln der einjährigen K ie fe r analysiert. Auch w ird auf das Verhältnis zwischen einzelnen M akroelem enten und den Düngungsbedarf, besonders in den Baumschulen, hingewiesen.
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W . M U C H A , A . S IE N K IE W IC Z , M. S Z Y M A Ń S K A Z A W A R T O Ś Ć M A K R O S K Ł A D N IK O W W O R G A N A C H JED N O RO C ZN EJ S O S N Y P O S P O L IT E J P I N U S S I L V E S T R I S L.
Instytut Przyrodniczych Podstaw Leśnictw a A kadem ii Rolniczej w Poznaniu
S t r e s z c z e n i e
Zagadnienie zachowania rów now agi składników odżywczych m iędzy glebą a rośliną oraz uzupełnianie niezbędnych dla rozw oju roślin m akroskładników było przedm iotem w ielu badań [1, 2, 3, 4].
W pracy przeanalizowano ilościową zawartość N, P, K , Ca i M g w szpilkach, pędach i korzeniach jednorocznej sosny. Wskazano rów nież relacje m iędzy poszcze gólnym i m akroelem entam i i potrzeby nawożenia, szczególnie w szkółkach.
P r o f . d r W itold, M u c h a
In s ty t u t P r z y r o d n ic z y c h P o d s ta w L e ś n ic tw a A . R .
