678',$=35$:$:<=1$1,2:(*2 Tom 18 – 2015
0,&+$à&+$-'$* 0,&+$à6.:$5=<ē6.,**
23,1,$35$:1$:635$:,(%5$.802ĩ/,:2ĝ&,
2'32:,('=,$/12ĝ&,=$1$586=(1,('Ï%5262%,67<&+
=$75(ĝû2*Ï/1<&+2&(1=$:$57<&+:.$=$1,$&+
11LQLHMV]D RSLQLD RGQRVL VLĊ ZSURVW GR WUHĞFL ND]DQLD DESD -y]HID
0LFKDOLNDZ\JáRV]RQHJRZGQLXSDĨG]LHUQLNDUZDUFKLNDWH- GU]HZURFáDZVNLHMSRGF]DVVSUDZRZDQLDOLWXUJLL0V]\ĞZ.D]DQLHWR
VWDáRVLĊQDVWĊSQLHSRGVWDZąGRURV]F]HĔF\ZLOQRSUDZQ\FK]DU]HNR- PH QDUXV]HQLH GyEU RVRELVW\FK 3UH]HQWRZDQD RSLQLD ]DZLHUD GZLH
F]ĊĞFLDQDOL]ĊF\ZLOQRSUDZQąRUD]RGQLHVLHQLHVLĊGRSRGVWDZDNVMR- ORJLF]Q\FKV\VWHPXSUDZDWMSUDZF]áRZLHND
35$:2&<:,/1(±'2%5$262%,67(
5R]SRF]\QDMąF DQDOL]Ċ SU]HGPLRWRZHJR ]DJDGQLHQLD ]GH¿QLRZDü
QDOHĪ\ SRGVWDZRZH SRMĊFLD SRQLHZDĪ Z\GDMH VLĊ ĪH LFK QLH]UR]X-
* 'U:\G]LDá3UDZDL1DXN6SRáHF]Q\FK:\ĪV]D6]NRáD)LQDQVyZL3UDZDZ%LHOVNX-
%LDáHMXO7DĔVNLHJR%LHOVNR%LDáD:\G]LDá3UDZDL$GPLQLVWUDFML8QLZHUV\WHW
5]HV]RZVNLXO*UXQZDOG]ND5]HV]yZHPDLOPFKDMGD#RSO
**'U.DWHGUD3UDZ&]áRZLHND:\G]LDá3UDZD3UDZD.DQRQLF]QHJRL$GPLQLVWUDFML
.DWROLFNL8QLZHUV\WHW/XEHOVNL-DQD3DZáD,,$O5DFáDZLFNLH/XEOLQHPDLO
PLFKDOVNZDU]\QVNL#JPDLOFRPDGZRNDWF]áRQHN,]E\$GZRNDFNLHMZ/XEOLQLH
1 2SLQLD SUDZQD VSRU]ąG]RQD QD U]HF] 6HQDWRUD 53 3DQD .D]LPLHU]D -DZRUVNLHJR
Z]Z]Z\NRQ\ZDQLHPPDQGDWXSRVáDLVHQDWRUD
PLHQLHMHVWĨUyGáHPGDOV]HJRSURFHGRZDQLDZVSUDZLHF\ZLOQHMRUD]
EáĊGQHJRSU]HND]XPHGLDOQHJRQDWHPDWWHMVSUDZ\
5R]ZDĪDQLD GRW\F]ą RGSRZLHG]LDOQRĞFL GXFKRZQHJR ]D WUHĞü
Z\JáRV]RQHJR ND]DQLD Z F]DVLH 0V]\ ĝZLĊWHM ,VWRWQ\ MHVW SRQLĪV]\
IUDJPHQWND]DQLD
Ä:LHOHG]LĞVLĊPyZLLVáXV]QLHRNDU\JRGQ\FKQDGXĪ\FLDFKGRURVá\FK
ZREHFG]LHFL7HJRURG]DMX]áDQLHZROQRWROHURZDüDOHQLNWQLHRGZDĪ\
VLĊS\WDüRSU]\F]\Q\ĪDGQDVWDFMDWHOHZL]\MQDQLHZDOF]\]SRUQRJUD¿ą
]SURPRFMąIDáV]\ZHM HJRLVW\F]QHMPLáRĞFLPLĊG]\OXGĨPL. 1LNWQLHXSRPL- QDVLĊ]DG]LHüPLFLHUSLąF\PLSU]H]EUDNPLáRĞFLUR]ZRG]ąF\FKVLĊURG]L- FyZ, DWRVąUDQ\EROHVQHLGáXJRWUZDáH
1D QDV]\FK RF]DFK QDVWĊSXMH SURPRFMD QRZHM LGHRORJLL JHQGHU -XĪ
NLONDQDĞFLHQDMZDĪQLHMV]\FKXQLZHUV\WHWyZZ3ROVFHZSURZDG]LáRZ\NáD- G\]WHMQRZHMLQLH]E\WMDVQHMLGHRORJLLNWyUHMSURJUDPRZąUDGĊVWDQRZLą
QDMEDUG]LHMDJUHV\ZQHSROVNLHIHPLQLVWNLNWyUHRGODWV]\G]ą].RĞFLRáD
LHW\NLWUDG\F\MQHMSURPXMąDERUFMĊLZDOF]ą]WUDG\F\MQ\PPRGHOHPURG]L- Q\LZLHUQRĞFLPDáĪHĔVNLHM
,GHRORJLD JHQGHU EXG]L VáXV]Q\ QLHSRNyM MDNR ĪH RGFKRG]L RG SUDZ
QDWXU\SURPXMHW]Z]ZLą]NLPDáĪHĔVNLHPLĊG]\RVREDPLMHGQHMSáFLZDOF]\
RSUDZROHJDOL]DFMLDGRSFMLG]LHFNDSU]H]WDNLHSDU\DRVWDWQLRZNUDF]D
GR SU]HGV]NROL L V]Nyá ] LQVWUXNFMą R W\P ĪH QDOHĪ\ RG QDMPáRGV]\FK ODW
Z\JDVLüZG]LHFNXSRF]XFLHZVW\GXLSRXF]\üMHRPRĪOLZRĞFLDFKF]HUSDQLD
FLHOHVQ\FKSU]\MHPQRĞFLZEUHZHW\FHQDWXUDOQHMDQDZHWRPRĪOLZRĞFLDFK
PDQLSXORZDQLDSáFLąDĪGRGRZROQHJRZ\ERUXREUDQHMSáFL´
$QDOL]DWUHĞFLSRZ\ĪV]HJRND]DQLDDESD-y]HID0LFKDOLNDZRGHUZD- QLXRGNRPHQWDU]\GRWHJRND]DQLDZ\UDĪRQ\FKZSUDVLHZVND]XMHĪH
QLHPRĪHRQRVWDQRZLüQDUXV]HQLDGyEURVRELVW\FKNRJRNROZLHN
-HVWWDNGODWHJRĪHZ\SRZLHGĨWDNDQLHQDUXV]DLVWRW\GyEURVREL- VW\FK MDNą MHVW LQG\ZLGXDOQRĞü :\QLND WR ] GH¿QLRZDQLD SRMĊFLD
dobra osobistego
22F]\ZLĞFLH SRF]ąWNRZR GRPLQRZDáD GH¿QLFMD
2 6]HU]HM ]RE 0LFKDá 6NZDU]\ĔVNL Ä2GSRZLHG]LDOQRĞü G]LHQQLNDU]D ]D QDUXV]HQLH
GyEURVRELVW\FK´Z2JyOQRSROVNL=MD]G&\ZLOLVWyZ6WXGHQWyZ±ODWNRGHNVyZF\ZLO- Q\FKUHG-y]HI-6NRF]\ODVLLQ/XEOLQ:\GDZQLFWZR.8/
subiektywistyczna Stefana Grzybowskiego
3NWyU\ RNUHĞODá GREUD
RVRELVWH MDNR ÄSHZQH ZDUWRĞFL ]ZLą]DQH ĞFLĞOH ] MHGQRVWNą OXG]Ną
SHZQHLQG\ZLGXDOQHZDUWRĞFLĞZLDWDXF]XüVWDQXĪ\FLDSV\FKLF]QHJR
F]áRZLHNDGREUDQLHPDMąWNRZHFRQLHZ\áąF]DĪHPDMąRQHUyZQLHĪ
]QDF]HQLHZVIHU]HPDMąWNRZHM´
4.
,QQą GRPLQXMąFą REHFQLH NRQFHSFMĊ Z\VXQĊOL MHGQDN$ 6]SXQDU
5L = 5DGZDĔVNL NWyU]\ ]DSURSRQRZDOL DE\ SU]H] GREUD RVRELVWH
UR]XPLHü ÄX]QDQH SU]H] V\VWHP SUDZQ\ ZDUWRĞFL REHMPXMąFH
¿]\F]QąLSV\FKLF]QąLQWHJUDOQRĞüF]áRZLHNDMHJRLQG\ZLGXDOQRĞüRUD]
JRGQRĞü L SR]\FMĊ Z VSRáHF]HĔVWZLH FR VWDQRZL SU]HVáDQNĊ VDPRUH- DOL]DFMLRVRE\OXG]NLHM´
67HRULDWD]ZDQąRELHNW\ZQą]DMPXMHG]LVLDM
SR]\FMĊGRPLQXMąFąZGRNWU\QLHLRU]HF]QLFWZLH
&R SUDZGD MXĪ Z U 6ĊG]LD 6ąGX 1DMZ\ĪV]HJR +HQU\N
'ąEURZVNLZNRPHQWDU]XGR.RGHNVXF\ZLOQHJRVáXV]QLHDUJXPHQ- WRZDá LĪ ÄZ\GDMH VLĊ WHĪ ĪH ]XSHáQLH ĞFLVáD L UyZQRF]HĞQLH Z\F]HU- SXMąFD GH¿QLFMD >GyEU RVRELVW\FK ± SU]\S 0&K06@ E\áDE\ QLH
PRĪOLZD´
7, to jednak w spornych przypadkach w praktyce stosuje VLĊ XMĊFLH ]DSURSRQRZDQH SU]H]$QGU]HMD &LVND NWyU\ RNUHĞOD GREUD
RVRELVWHMDNRÄZDUWRĞFLRFKDUDNWHU]HQLHPDMąWNRZ\PĞFLĞOH]ZLą]D- QH ] RVREą OXG]Ną GHF\GXMąFH R MHM E\FLH SR]\FML Z VSRáHF]HĔVWZLH
D EĊGąFH Z\UD]HP MHM RGUĊEQRĞFL SV\FKLF]QHM L ¿]\F]QHM RUD] PRĪOL- ZRĞFLWZyUF]\FKX]QDQHSRZV]HFKQLHZVSRáHF]HĔVWZLHLDNFHSWRZDQH
SU]H]GDQ\V\VWHPSUDZQ\´
8.
7\PVDP\PZSU]\SDGNXGyEURVRELVW\FKNOXF]RZH]QDF]HQLHPD
indywidualny ich charakter. Zatem wypowiedzi o charakterze nieozna-
3 Szerzej zob. Jacek Sadomski, 1DUXV]HQLH GyEU RVRELVW\FK SU]H] PHGLD :DUV]DZD
2¿F\QD 1DXNRZD ,:6 -DFHN &KDFLĔVNL 3UDZD SRGPLRWRZH D RFKURQD GyEU
RVRELVW\FK/XEOLQ:\GDZQLFWZR.8/
4 Aleksander Wolter, Jerzy Ignatowicz, i Krzysztof Stefaniuk, 3UDZR &\ZLOQH ]DU\V
F]ĊĞFLRJyOQHM:DUV]DZD/H[LV1H[LV
5 Szerzej zob. Sadomski, 1DUXV]HQLH, 15.
6 =ELJQLHZ5DGZDĔVNL3UDZRF\ZLOQH±F]ĊĞüRJyOQD:DUV]DZD&+%HFN
161.
7 +'ąEURZVNLZ.RGHNVF\ZLOQ\NRPHQWDU]WRP,UHG=ELJQLHZ5HVLFK:DUV]DZD
:\GDZQLFWZR3UDZQLF]H
8 $ &LVHN Z .RGHNV F\ZLOQ\ .RPHQWDU] WRP , UHG (GZDUG *QLHZHN :DUV]DZD
C.H. Beck, 2004), 87.
F]RQ\P QLHDGUHVRZDQH GR NRQNUHWQHJR SRGPLRWX RVRE\ ¿]\F]QHM
czy prawnej) czy ]LQG\ZLGXDOL]RZDQHM JUXS\ ZRJyOH QLH GRW\NDMą
GREUDRVRELVWHJR&RZLĊFHMGREUDRVRELVWHQLHVąSR]EDZLRQHHOHPHQ- WXRELHNW\ZQHJRZLĊFQLHMHVWWDNĪHZ\áąF]QLHVXELHNW\ZQHSU]HNR- QDQLHRVRE\GHF\GXMHRQDUXV]HQLXGyEURVRELVW\FK:RU]HF]QLFWZLH
PRĪQDZVND]DüQDGZDNOXF]RZHZW\P]DNUHVLHMXG\NDW\
3LHUZV]\ WR :\URN 6ąGX 1DMZ\ĪV]HJR ] GQLD NZLHWQLD U
Z VSUDZLH V\JQ DNW , &. JG]LH ZVND]DQR Ä1DOHĪ\ ]DXZD- Ī\üĪHZSUDZLHSROVNLPQLHPDXVWDZRZHMGH¿QLFMLGREUDRVRELVWH- JR D ] NRQVWUXNFML DUW L NF Z\QLND LĪ SU]HGPLRWHP RFKURQ\
Vą ZV]HONLH GREUD RVRELVWH NWyU\FK OLF]ED MHVW QLHRJUDQLF]RQD JG\Ī
Z PLDUĊ ]PLHQLDMąF\FK VLĊ Z ĞZLDGRPRĞFL VSRáHF]QHM RFHQ ZDUWR- ĞFLXMąF\FK XVWDOHQLH Z\F]HUSXMąFHJR NDWDORJX GyEU RVRELVW\FK QLH
E\áRE\ DQL PRĪOLZH DQL SRĪąGDQH : NRQVHNZHQFML RU]HF]QLFWZX
LQDXFHSR]RVWDZLRQRUR]VWU]\JDQLHRW\PF]\LNLHG\PDP\GRF]\QLH- QLD ] GREUHP RVRELVW\P NWyUH SRGOHJD RFKURQLH SUDZD 3RF]ąWNRZR
GH¿QLRZDQRGREUDRVRELVWHMDNRLQG\ZLGXDOQHZDUWRĞFLĞZLDWDXF]Xü
LĪ\FLDSV\FKLF]QHJRF]áRZLHND3yĨQLHMQDVWąSLáRUR]ZLQLĊFLHLXĞFLĞOH- QLHW\FKGH¿QLFMLSU]H]ZVND]DQLHĪHLQG\ZLGXDOQHZDUWRĞFLRW\OHW\ONR
VWDQRZLąSUDZHPFKURQLRQHGREUDRVRELVWHRLOHRGSRZLDGDMąRELHN- W\ZQ\PNU\WHULRPDQLHW\ONRVXELHNW\ZQ\PRGF]XFLRPRVRE\ĪąGDMą- FHMRFKURQ\SUDZQHM 7\PRELHNW\ZQ\PNU\WHULXPLSXQNWHPRGQLHVLH- QLD ZHU\¿NXMąF\P VXELHNW\ZQH SU]HNRQDQLH SU]\MPXMąFH RNUHĞORQą
ZDUWRĞü]DGREUDRVRELVWHSRZLQQDE\üZ\UDĪDQDSU]H]VSRáHF]HĔVWZR
OXEMHJR]GHF\GRZDQąZLĊNV]RĞüRSLQLDRW\PF]\NRQNUHWQDZDUWRĞü
]DVáXJXMHQDX]QDQLHMHM]DSUDZHPFKURQLRQHGREURRVRELVWH3U]HVą- G]HQLHSU]H]XVWDZRGDZFĊĪHEH]SRĞUHGQLPSU]HGPLRWHPRFKURQ\MHVW
GREUR RVRELVWH ]DNáDGD LĪ WHPX GREUX RGSRZLDGD RNUHĞORQH SUDZR
]DWHP MHVW W\OH SUDZ RVRELVW\FK LOH FKURQLRQ\FK GyEU 8VWDZRGDZ- VWZX SROVNLHPX REFD MHVW ZLĊF NRQVWUXNFMD MHGQHJR RJyOQHJR SUDZD
SRGPLRWRZHJRMDNRSUDZDRVRELVWRĞFL3UDZRWRMDNRHOHPHQWRVRER- ZRĞFLF]áRZLHND]ZLą]DQHMHVWSRMĊFLHPQDGU]ĊGQ\PNWyUHJRGHV\JQD- WDPLVąQLHRJUDQLF]RQHFRGROLF]E\SRV]F]HJyOQHSRGPLRWRZHSUDZD
osobiste.”
1DVWĊSQLH Z W\P RU]HF]HQLX 6ąG 1DMZ\ĪV]\ DQDOL]RZDá GREUD
RVRELVWH Z SRVWDFL NXOWX SDPLĊFL RVRE\ ]PDUáHM RUD] RFKURQ\ XF]Xü
UHOLJLMQ\FK Z W\P ZáDĞQLH NRQWHNĞFLH 6ąG 1DMZ\ĪV]\ ZVND]Dá ĪH
ÄGREURRVRELVWHEĊGąFHHPDQDFMąRVRERZRĞFLNDĪGHJRF]áRZLHNDMHVW
VSUDZąMHJRĞZLDGRPRĞFLDZLĊFNDWHJRULąVXELHNW\ZQąDOH]GUXJLHM
VWURQ\QLHMHVWSR]EDZLRQHHOHPHQWyZRELHNW\ZQ\FKLW\PVDP\PPXVL
RGSRZLDGDüNU\WHULXPVSUDZG]DOQRĞFLDZLĊFNU\WHULXPRELHNW\ZQ\P
.U\WHULXP W\P MHVW RGSRZLHGQL VWRVXQHN EOLVNRĞFL GR RVRE\ ]PDUáHM
EĊGąF\ĨUyGáHPLVWQLHQLDGREUDRVRELVWHJRXMHJRSRGPLRWXDOHMHGQR- F]HĞQLH F]\QQLNLHP NV]WDáWXMąF\P MHJR WUHĞü L ]DNUHV Z\Sá\ZDMąF\FK
]QLHJRXSUDZQLHĔ´RUD]ĪHÄUROĊNU\WHULXPRELHNW\ZQHJRPRĪHSHáQLü
WDNĪHVWRVXQHNEOLVNRĞFLRVRE\]DLQWHUHVRZDQHM´
:VND]DQH SU]H] 6ąG 1DMZ\ĪV]\ SU]HVáDQNL SR]ZDODMą QD WZLHU- G]HQLH ĪH Z\SRZLHGĨ QDUXV]DMąFD GREUD RVRELVWH PXVL LQG\ZLGXDO- QLHQDUXV]DüGREUDRVRELVWHFRSRZLQQRE\üRELHNW\ZQLHVSUDZG]DO- QH : SU]HGPLRWRZHM VSUDZLH QLH PRĪQD MHGQDN SRZLą]Dü ĪDGQ\FK
VáyZND]DQLD]ZáDV]F]DW\FKZ\WáXV]F]RQ\FKZSRZ\ĪV]\PF\WDFLH
]NRQNUHWQąRVREąEąGĨ]H]LQG\ZLGXDOL]RZDQąJUXSąRVyE:\SRZLH- G]L WH PDMą FKDUDNWHU GRSXV]F]DOQ\FK RFHQ L PDMą ZDORU HOHPHQWX
V]HUV]HMZ\SRZLHG]LRRNUHĞORQHMVSyMQHMVWUXNWXU]H=DWHPQLHPRĪQD
W\FKVáyZÄZ\U\ZDü]NRQWHNVWX´:\SRZLHG]LWHQLHE\á\DGUHVRZD- QH GR NRJRNROZLHN D E\á\ IUDJPHQWHP Z]PDFQLDMąF\P Z\SRZLHGĨ
i podnoszone argumenty.
2GQRVLVLĊGRWHJRNROHMQHRU]HF]HQLHWM:\URN6ąGX$SHODF\MQH- go w Warszawie z dnia 12 marca 2013 r., w sprawie sygn. akt I ACa
JG]LHVWZLHUG]RQRĪHÄNRQVWUXNFMDRFKURQ\GyEURVRELVW\FK
RSLHUD VLĊ Z SUDZLH SROVNLP QD RELHNW\ZQ\P XMPRZDQLX LFK LVWRW\
2GPLHQQLHQLĪZXMĊFLXVXELHNW\ZQ\PRGZRáXMąF\PVLĊSU]HGHZV]\VW- NLPGRLQG\ZLGXDOQ\FKZDUWRĞFLĞZLDWDXF]XüVWDQXĪ\FLDSV\FKLF]QH- JRMHGQRVWNLNRQFHSFMDRELHNW\ZQDSU]\MPXMHĪHĨUyGáHPGyEURVREL- VW\FKMDNRZDUWRĞFLQLHPDMąWNRZ\FKLĞFLĞOH]ZLą]DQ\FK]RVREąOXG]Ną
MHVW SRU]ąGHN SUDZQ\ RUD] ]DZDUWH Z QLP VSRáHF]QH QRUP\ L RFHQ\
'REUD RVRELVWH FKDUDNWHU\]RZDQH Vą ZLĊF MDNR ZDUWRĞFL Z\QLNDMą- FH ]H VSRáHF]Q\FK RFHQ VWDQRZLąFH SU]HGPLRW VSRáHF]QHJR X]QDQLD
LW\SL]DFMLRNWyU\FKLVWQLHQLXUR]VWU]\JDRVąGRSLQLLVSRáHF]QHM6ąWR
ZDUWRĞFL X]QDQH SRZV]HFKQLH Z VSRáHF]HĔVWZLH L DNFHSWRZDQH SU]H]
GDQ\V\VWHPSUDZQ\]REPLQ$6]SXQDU2FKURQDGyEURVRELVW\FK
:DUV]DZDV$&LVHN'REUDRVRELVWHLLFKQLHPDMąWNRZD
RFKURQD Z NRGHNVLH F\ZLOQ\P $FWD 8:U 3UDZR &/;9,, :URFáDZ
V=5DGZDĔVNL3UDZRF\ZLOQHF]ĊĞüRJyOQD:DUV]DZD
V=W\FKZ]JOĊGyZQDWXUĊLJUDQLFHSRV]F]HJyOQ\FKGyEU
RVRELVW\FKZ\]QDF]DMąSU]HZDĪDMąFHZGDQ\PVSRáHF]HĔVWZLH]DSDWU\- ZDQLDSUDZQHPRUDOQHLRE\F]DMRZH'RNRQXMąFRFHQ\F]\QDVWąSLáR
QDUXV]HQLHGDQHJRGREUDRVRELVWHJRQDOHĪ\RGQRVLüVLĊGRSRJOąGyZ
SDQXMąF\FKZVSRáHF]HĔVWZLHSRVáXJLZDüVLĊZW\PFHOXDEVWUDNF\MQ\P
Z]RUFHP©SU]HFLĊWQHJRRE\ZDWHODªQLH]DĞRGZRá\ZDüVLĊGRMHGQRVW- NRZ\FKRGF]XüLRFHQRVRE\SRNU]\ZG]RQHM
-DNZVND]XMHVLĊZGRNWU\QLHZDUWRĞFLRVRELVWHQLHGODWHJRSRGOH- JDMąRFKURQLHĪHGDQDRVREDSU]\ZLą]XMHGRQLFKVXELHNW\ZQLHGRQLR- VáH]QDF]HQLHDOHGODWHJRĪHV\VWHPSUDZQ\X]QDMHLDSUREXMHSRWU]H- EĊLFKRFKURQ\5yZQLHĪZRU]HF]QLFWZLH6ąGX1DMZ\ĪV]HJRDNFHQWXMH
VLĊSRJOąG]JRGQLH]NWyU\PRFHQDF]\ZNRQNUHWQHMV\WXDFMLQDVWąSLáR
QDUXV]HQLHGREUDRVRELVWHJRQLHPRĪHE\üGRNRQ\ZDQDZHGáXJPLDU\
LQG\ZLGXDOQHM ZUDĪOLZRĞFL SRNU]\ZG]RQHJR D ZLĊF ZHGáXJ RFHQ\
VXELHNW\ZQHM]DLQWHUHVRZDQHJR.U\WHULDRFHQ\QDUXV]HQLDPXV]ąE\ü
SRGGDQH RELHNW\ZL]DFML WU]HED Z W\P ]DNUHVLH XZ]JOĊGQLü RGF]XFLD
V]HUV]HJR JURQDXF]HVWQLNyZLSRZV]HFKQLHSU]\MPRZDQHD]DVáXJX- MąFH QD DNFHSWDFMĊ QRUP\ SRVWĊSRZDQLD Z W\P QRUP\ RE\F]DMRZH
LZ\QLNDMąFH]WUDG\FMLWDNPLQZ\URN61]PDUFDU,,,&.1
261&]SR]Z\URN61]VW\F]QLDU,,&5
261&]SR]:ĞZLHWOHSRZ\ĪV]HJRQLHNDĪGH
]GDU]HQLHZ\ZRáXMąFHXMHGQRVWNLÄVXELHNW\ZQHZ]EXU]HQLHHPRFMR- QDOQH´ VWDQRZL IDNW NWyUHPX PRĪQD SU]\SLVDü VNXWHN Z SRVWDFL
QDUXV]HQLDGyEURVRELVW\FKMHGQRVWNL2Z\FKNU\WHULXPGHOLPLWDF\M- Q\FKGRVWDUF]DRELHNW\ZQDNRQFHSFMDQDUXV]HQLDGyEURVRELVW\FK´
'DOHM 6ąG$SHODF\MQ\ VWZLHUG]D ĪH Ä7\P RELHNW\ZQ\P NU\WHULXP
L SXQNWHP RGQLHVLHQLD ZHU\¿NXMąF\P LVWQLHMąFH VXELHNW\ZQH SU]HNR- QDQLH SU]\MPXMąFH RNUHĞORQą ZDUWRĞü ]D GREUD RVRELVWH SRZLQQD
E\üZ\UDĪDQDSU]H]VSRáHF]HĔVWZROXEMHJR]GHF\GRZDQąZLĊNV]RĞü RSLQLDRW\PF]\NRQNUHWQDZDUWRĞü]DVáXJXMHQDX]QDQLHMHM]DSUDZHP
chronione dobro osobiste´
=W\FKSRZRGyZ6ąG$SHODF\MQ\SU]\MąáĪHQLHPRĪQDDNFHSWRZDü
koncepcji tzw. grupowych praw podmiotowych. Wypowiedzi zawarte
w kazaniu tj. „HJRLVW\F]QHMPLáRĞFLPLĊG]\OXGĨPL´ÄSU]H]EUDNPLáRĞFL
UR]ZRG]ąF\FKVLĊURG]LFyZ´ÄQDMEDUG]LHMDJUHV\ZQHSROVNLHIHPLQLVW- ki´QLHRGQRV]ąVLĊGRMDNLHMNROZLHNRVRE\EąGĨ]LQG\ZLGXDOL]RZDQHM
JUXS\RVyE=SXQNWXZLG]HQLDWUHĞFLVWDQRZLąRQHZLVWRFLHRFHQĊ
2FHQ\]DĞQLHPRĪQDWUDNWRZDüZNDWHJRULDFKRGSRZLHG]LDOQRĞFL
F]\F\ZLOQHMF]\NDUQHM]XZDJLĪHVąRQHHPDQDFMąZROQRĞFLSRJOą- GyZLZROQRĞFLVáRZDLQLHPRJąE\üSRGGDQHNDWHJRU\]DFMLSUDZGD
IDáV] 2GSRZLHG]LDOQRĞü F\ZLOQD ]D RFHQĊ E\áDE\ GRSXV]F]DOQD
Z\áąF]QLHJG\E\GRW\F]\áDNRQNUHWQHMRVRE\LE\áD]JUXQWXIDáV]\ZD
1LHPRĪQDX]QDü]DQDUXV]DMąFąSUDZRRFHQ\]NWyUąNWRĞVLĊZ\áąF]- QLH QLH ]JDG]D 2FHQD ]MDZLVN VSRáHF]Q\FK G\VIXQNFML URG]LQ F]\
NU\PLQDOQ\FKSHGR¿OLDLSUyEDSRV]XNLZDQLDRGSRZLHG]LQDS\WDQLH
RSU]\F]\Q\W\FK]MDZLVNQLHPRĪHSURZDG]LüGRRGSRZLHG]LDOQRĞFL
SUDZQHM6WDQRZLWRERZLHPZ\áąF]QLHRFHQĊGRNRQDQąSU]H]NRQNUHW- QąMHGQRVWNĊWDNLFK]GDU]HĔFRSRZLQQRSURZDG]LüGRMHG\QHMGRSXV]- F]DOQHMUHDNFMLMDNąMHVWSROHPLND]]DSUH]HQWRZDQ\PSU]H]DGZHUVD- U]DVWDQRZLVNLHP1LHZáDĞFLZ\PE\áRE\SURZDG]HQLHGHEDW\LĞFLHUD- QLHSRJOąGyZQDJUXQFLHRGSRZLHG]LDOQRĞFLSUDZQHMDQLHQDJUXQFLH
DUJXPHQWyZ
3RGVXPRZXMąFDQDOL]ĊLVWRW\GyEURVRELVW\FKQDOHĪ\SU]\MąüĪH
DE\GRV]áRGRQDUXV]HQLDGREUDRVRELVWHJRPXVLE\üRQRLQG\ZLGX- DOQHZLĊFQLHJUXSRZHDMHGQRF]HĞQLHQDUXV]HQLHPXVLE\üRELHN- W\ZQLH VSUDZG]DOQH 2ELHNW\ZL]P WHQ PXVL SROHJDü Z SU]\SDG- NX WUHĞFL Z\SRZLHG]L QD ZVND]DQLX V]F]HJyOQHM ZLĊ]L LQG\ZLGX- DOQHM]WUHĞFLąWHMZ\SRZLHG]LFRPRĪQDRELHNW\ZQLHRFHQLüMDNR
RGQRV]ąFHVLĊGRWHMRVRE\=DZDUWHZND]DQLXWUHĞFLQLHPRJąE\ü
SRáąF]RQH]ĪDGQ\PLQG\ZLGXDOQ\PGREUHPRVRELVW\P
.ROHMQą SU]HV]NRGą GR X]QDQLD QDUXV]HQLD GyEU RVRELVW\FK SU]H]
WUHĞü ND]DQLD DESD -y]HID 0LFKDOLND Vą PHFKDQL]P\ RFKURQ\ GyEU
osobistych
$UW\NXáNFRNUHĞODNDWDORJSU]\NáDGRZ\FKGyEURVREL-
Kodeks cywilny, art. 24 7HQ F]\MH GREUR RVRELVWH ]RVWDMH ]DJURĪRQH FXG]\P
G]LDáDQLHPPRĪHĪąGDü]DQLHFKDQLDWHJRG]LDáDQLDFK\EDĪHQLHMHVWRQREH]SUDZQH:UD]LH
GRNRQDQHJRQDUXV]HQLDPRĪHRQWDNĪHĪąGDüDĪHE\RVREDNWyUDGRSXĞFLáDVLĊQDUXV]HQLD
GRSHáQLáDF]\QQRĞFLSRWU]HEQ\FKGRXVXQLĊFLDMHJRVNXWNyZZV]F]HJyOQRĞFLDĪHE\]áRĪ\áD
RĞZLDGF]HQLHRGSRZLHGQLHMWUHĞFLLZRGSRZLHGQLHMIRUPLH1D]DVDGDFKSU]HZLG]LDQ\FK
stych
10QDWRPLDVWZ DUWNFZVND]DQHVą SU]HVáDQNLRFKURQ\GyEU
RVRELVW\FK EH]SUDZQRĞü QDUXV]HQLD OXE ]DJURĪHQLH MDNLHJRĞ GREUD
osobistego.
-HGQDNMDNZLGDüUHJXODFMH]DZDUWHZQRUPLH]DUWLNFFHFKXMH
Z\VRNLVWRSLHĔRJyOQRĞFL'ODWHJRRNUHĞOHQLHV]F]HJyáRZ\FKSU]HVáD- QHNRGSRZLHG]LDOQRĞFLPXVLDáDZ]LąüQDVLHELHGRNWU\QDLRU]HF]QLF- WZR'RSURZDG]LáRWRGRNU\VWDOL]DFMLLZHUEDOL]DFMLFHFKGyEURVREL- VW\FK 6ą RQH SUDZDPL SRGPLRWRZ\PL R FKDUDNWHU]H EH]Z]JOĊG- Q\P ±erga omnes ± VNXWHF]Q\PLSU]HFLZNRZV]\VWNLP 6ą UyZQLHĪ
QLH]E\ZDOQHĞFLĞOH]ZLą]DQH]SRGPLRWHPLZ\JDVDMąZUD]]HĞPLHUFLą
RVRE\¿]\F]QHMOXEOLNZLGDFMąRVRE\SUDZQHM=SUDZSRGPLRWRZ\FK
PRJą Z\QLNDü URV]F]HQLD QLHPDMąWNRZH NWyUH QLH XOHJDMą SU]HGDZ- QLHQLX = SU]HSLVX DUW NF Z\QLND GRPQLHPDQLH EH]SUDZQRĞFLFR
Z HZLGHQWQ\ VSRVyE MHVW NRU]\VWQH GOD SRNU]\ZG]RQHJR SRQLHZDĪ
GRZyG FR GR G]LDáDQLD Z UDPDFK SUDZD PXVL SU]HGVWDZLü SR]ZDQ\
%\ü PRĪH WH FHFK\ GyEU RVRELVW\FK PRJą Z\QLNDü ] GRURENX QDXNL
L RU]HF]QLFWZD MHGQDN QLHNWyUH DVSHNW\ UHDOL]DFML RGSRZLHG]LDOQRĞFL
]DQDUXV]HQLHGyEURVRELVW\FKUyZQLHĪNV]WDáWRZDá\GRNWU\QDLRU]HF]- QLFWZR1DMZDĪQLHMV]ą]QLFKE\áRSU]\MĊFLHĪHRGSRZLHG]LDOQRĞü]D
QDUXV]HQLH GyEU RVRELVW\FK MHVW XQLH]DOHĪQLRQD RG ZLQ\ L QDVWĊSXMH
MHG\QLHZRSDUFLXRNU\WHULXPRELHNW\ZQHMEH]SUDZQRĞFLQDUXV]HQLD
.RQVWUXNFMĊWĊZ\SUDFRZDáDGRNWU\QDLRU]HF]QLFWZR
11, a oczywistym MHVWĪHWRNOXF]RZDFHFKDGHWHUPLQXMąFDRGSRZLHG]LDOQRĞü
ZNRGHNVLHPRĪHRQUyZQLHĪĪąGDü]DGRĞüXF]\QLHQLDSLHQLĊĪQHJROXE]DSáDW\RGSRZLHGQLHM
VXP\SLHQLĊĪQHMQDZVND]DQ\FHOVSRáHF]Q\
-HĪHOLZVNXWHNQDUXV]HQLDGREUDRVRELVWHJR]RVWDáDZ\U]ąG]RQDV]NRGDPDMąWNRZD
SRV]NRGRZDQ\PRĪHĪąGDüMHMQDSUDZLHQLDQD]DVDGDFKRJyOQ\FK
3U]HSLV\SRZ\ĪV]HQLHXFK\ELDMąXSUDZQLHQLRPSU]HZLG]LDQ\PZLQQ\FKSU]HSL- VDFKZV]F]HJyOQRĞFLZSUDZLHDXWRUVNLPRUD]ZSUDZLHZ\QDOD]F]\P
10 .RGHNV F\ZLOQ\ DUW 'REUD RVRELVWH F]áRZLHND MDN Z V]F]HJyOQRĞFL ]GURZLH
ZROQRĞü F]HĞü VZRERGD VXPLHQLD QD]ZLVNR OXE SVHXGRQLP ZL]HUXQHN WDMHPQLFD
NRUHVSRQGHQFML QLHW\NDOQRĞü PLHV]NDQLD WZyUF]RĞü QDXNRZD DUW\VW\F]QD Z\QDOD]F]D
LUDFMRQDOL]DWRUVNDSR]RVWDMąSRGRFKURQąSUDZDF\ZLOQHJRQLH]DOHĪQLHRGRFKURQ\SU]HZL- dzianej w innych przepisach.
11 6]HU]HM ]RE + 'ąEURZVNL G] F\W L SRZRáDQH WDP RU]HF]QLFWZR L OLWHUDWXUD
.3LDVHFNLG]F\WLSRZRáDQHWDPRU]HF]HQLH6ąGX1DMZ\ĪV]HJR]JUXGQLDU
II CR 318/67, *D]HWD6ąGRZDL3HQLWHQFMDUQD
2EHFQLH UHDOL]DFMD RGSRZLHG]LDOQRĞFL ]D QDUXV]HQLH GyEU RVREL- stych wymaga wykazania jej podstawy, czyli EH]SUDZQRĞFLG]LDáDQLD.
'RRNROLF]QRĞFLZ\áąF]DMąF\FKEH]SUDZQRĞüQDUXV]HQLDGyEURVREL- VW\FK QDOHĪ\ ]DOLF]\ü G]LDáDQLH Z JUDQLFDFK SRU]ąGNX SUDZQHJR
Z\NRQ\ZDQLHSUDZDSRGPLRWRZHJRRFKURQDLQWHUHVXVSRáHF]QHJR, NWyUHPDMą]DVWRVRZDQLHZQLQLHMV]HMVSUDZLHMDNUyZQLHĪ]H]ZROHQLH
XSUDZQLRQHJR VSU]HF]QRĞü ĪąGDQLD RFKURQ\ ] ]DVDGDPL ZVSyáĪ\FLD
VSRáHF]QHJR
12.
1DMZLĊNV]H ]QDF]HQLH PD RFHQD GRĞü RF]\ZLVWHJR IDNWX F]\
DUF\ELVNXSPRĪHZNRĞFLHOHZ\JáRVLüND]DQLH2GSRZLHGĨMHVWRF]\ZL- ĞFLH WZLHUG]ąFD ZLĊF MXĪ ] IDNWX ĪH GXFKRZQ\ NRU]\VWD ] ZROQRĞFL
Z\SRZLHG]L ± SUDZD SRGPLRWRZHJR Z\QLND ĪH QLH VSRVyE SU]\Mąü
MHGQRF]HVQHM EH]SUDZQRĞFL NRQLHF]QHM GR SU]\SLVDQLD PX RGSRZLH- G]LDOQRĞFL]DQDUXV]HQLHGyEURVRELVW\FK:]PDFQLDWRRFKURQDLQQHJR
SUDZDSRGPLRWRZHJR±ZROQRĞFLZ\]QDQLD.ZHVWLDWD]RVWDQLHV]HU]HM
RPyZLRQDZGUXJLHMF]ĊĞFLRSLQLL
=QDF]HQLH Z VSUDZLH PD UyZQLHĪ W]Z RFKURQD LQWHUHVX SXEOLF]- QHJRQD]\ZDQDWHĪREURQąVSRáHF]QLHX]DVDGQLRQHJRLQWHUHVX2ELH
ZZLQVW\WXFMHZ\áąF]DMąEH]SUDZQRĞüLXQLHPRĪOLZLDMąSU]\SLVDQLH
RGSRZLHG]LDOQRĞFL]DQDUXV]HQLHGyEURVRELVW\FK.
: ]DNUHVLH GREUD RVRELVWHJR ± F]FL Z\WZRU]\áD VLĊ Z\MąWNRZD
RNROLF]QRĞü XFK\ODMąFD EH]SUDZQRĞü WM SUDZR GR NU\W\NL
13. W jego UDPDFKÄPRĪQDSRZLHG]LHü´ZLĊFHM]ZáDV]F]DQDWHPDW\Z\VWĊSXMąFH
ZDNWXDOQHMGHEDFLHSXEOLF]QHM&RZLĊFHMRFHQ\ZUDPDFKSUDZDGR
NU\W\NLPRJąE\üRVWUH]XZDJLQDSU]HGPLRWWHMNU\W\NLF]\ZDĪNRĞü
WHPDWX(ZLGHQWQDFKĊüRFKURQ\URG]LQ\LG]LHFNDMDNDZ\QLND]FDáHJR
WHNVWXND]DQLDDESD-y]HID0LFKDOLNDDQLHWHNVWXFHORZRXSURV]F]R- Q\FKSU]HND]yZSUDVRZ\FKSR]ZDODQDVWRVRZDQLHRVWU\FKRFHQFR
MHGQDNQLHSRGOHJDRGSRZLHG]LDOQRĞFLQDJUXQFLHSUDZDSROVNLHJR
3RQDGWRQLHPRĪQDSRPLMDüĪHZ\SRZLHGĨDESD-y]HID0LFKDOLND
E\áDZLVWRFLH]JRGQD]ZROąVDPHJRXVWDZRGDZF\F]HJRSU]HMDZHP
MHVW DUW NRGHNVX URG]LQQHJR L RSLHNXĔF]HJR NWyU\ ]DND]X-
12 6]HU]HM]RE&KDFLĔVNLPrawa, 117.
13 =RE+'ąEURZVNLG]F\W.3LDVHFNLG]F\W:\URN6ąGX1DMZ\ĪV]HJR
]GQLDOLVWRSDGDUV\JQDNW,,&5261&3SR]
MH UR]ZRGX Z SU]\SDGNX JG\ PLDáRE\ WR VLĊ RGE\ü NRV]WHP GREUD
PDáROHWQLFKG]LHFL3UDZRGDZFDZRF]\ZLVW\VSRVyEX]QDMHĪHURG]L- QDMHVWQDMOHSV]\PĞURGRZLVNLHPGODUR]ZRMXG]LHFND3RGREQLHMHVW
]FDá\PV\VWHPHPUHJXODFMLFKURQLąF\FKG]LHFLSU]HGSHGR¿OLą
32'67$:<$.6-2/2*,&=1(±35$:$&=à2:,(.$
)XQGDPHQWHPSRZ\ĪV]\FKUR]ZLą]DĔSUDZDF\ZLOQHJRMHVWRGQLH- VLHQLH VLĊ GR ZDĪNLFK GyEU OHĪąF\FK X SRGVWDZ\ NDĪGHJR V\VWHPX
SUDZQHJRF]\OLSUDZF]áRZLHND=RF]\ZLVW\FKZ]JOĊGyZDQDOL]DQLH
ma charakteru kompleksowego, a dotyczy jedynie istotnych z punktu ZLG]HQLDRSLQLLHOHPHQWyZ:LGDüWRMXĪQDJUXQFLHRU]HF]QLFWZDVąGyZ
SROVNLFK&\WRZDQ\Z\ĪHM:\URN6ąGX1DMZ\ĪV]HJR]GQLDNZLHWQLD
UZVSUDZLHV\JQDNW,&.JG]LHRGQRV]RQRVLĊGRDUW
.RQVW\WXFML53ZLĊFZROQRĞFLVXPLHQLDLZ\]QDQLD1DWRPLDVW:\URN
6ąGX$SHODF\MQHJRZ:DUV]DZLH]GQLDPDUFDUZVSUDZLH
V\JQDNW,$&DZSURVWVWZLHUG]DĪHÄLVWQLHMHERZLHPRF]\ZL- VWDNROL]MD]DVDGSUDZQ\FKZSRVWDFLSUDZDMHGQRVWNLGRRFKURQ\F]FL
LGREUHJRLPLHQLDRUD]SUDZDGRVZRERG\Z\SRZLHG]LLZROQRĞFLVáRZD
VZRERGD Z\SRZLHG]L REHMPXMH UyZQLHĪ Z\SRZLHG]L NRPHUF\MQH
2E\GZLHZVND]DQH]DVDG\VąFKURQLRQH]DUyZQRQDSRGVWDZLH.RQVW\- WXFML53DUWLDUWXVWRUD]DUWDUWXVWLDUW
XPyZPLĊG]\QDURGRZ\FKDUWXVWL.RQZHQFMLRRFKURQLHSUDZ
F]áRZLHND L SRGVWDZRZ\FK ZROQRĞFL DUW SRZV]HFKQHM GHNODUDFML
SUDZF]áRZLHNDDUWLPLĊG]\QDURGRZHJRSDNWXSUDZRE\ZDWHO- VNLFKLSROLW\F]Q\FK´
:\MĞFLHP GOD GDOV]\FK UR]ZDĪDĔ MHVW UR]ZDĪHQLH F]\ VąG ZLĊF
SDĔVWZR Z LPLHQLX NWyUHJR VąG G]LDáD PD SUDZR LQJHURZDü Z VIHUĊ
ZROQRĞFL]ZLą]NXZ\]QDQLRZHJRWMZ]DNUHVLVIHUĊWUHĞFLND]DQLD
6WZLHUG]LüQDOHĪ\ĪHZV\VWHPLHRFKURQ\SUDZF]áRZLHNDRJURP- QH]QDF]HQLHPDSRG]LDáQDSUDZDLZROQRĞFL
14=JRG]LüVLĊQDOHĪ\ĪH
14 =ELJQLHZ+RáGDZ3UDZD&]áRZLHND=DU\VZ\NáDGXUHG=ELJQLHZ+RáGD'RURWD
2VWURZVND-RDQQD+RáGD-XOLWD$5\EF]\ĔVND:DUV]DZD:ROWHUV.OXZHU3ROVND
RUD] .U]\V]WRI 0RW\ND Ä:SURZDG]HQLH´ Z .U]\V]WRI 0RW\ND 3UDZD &]áRZLHND
GH¿QLFMD ZROQRĞFL ÄMHVW QDGHU VSRUQD L WUXGQD GR XFKZ\FHQLD´
15, to jednak „ZROQRĞüVWDQRZLIXQGDPHQWDOQ\QDWXUDOQ\SLHUZRWQ\ZREHF
SUDZDVWDQRZLRQHJRLFKURQLRQ\SUDZQLHDWU\EXWOXG]NLHMHJ]\VWHQFML
GRW\F]ąF\PRĪOLZRĞFLDXWRQRPLF]QHJRLDXWHQW\F]QHJRUR]SRU]ąG]DQLD
SU]H]F]áRZLHNDVREąVZRERGQHJRZ\ERUXLUHDOL]RZDQLDZDUWRĞFLRUD]
QLHVNUĊSRZDQHJRNLHURZDQLDVZRLPSRVWĊSRZDQLHP:ROQRĞüSU]HMD- ZLDVLĊZUyĪQ\FKDVSHNWDFKF]ĊĞFLRZRW\ONRGH¿QLRZDQ\FKLQRUPRZD- Q\FKSU]H]SUDZRVWDQRZLRQHSRSU]H]WZRU]HQLHSR]\W\ZQ\FKZDUXQ- NyZ LFK UHDOL]DFML RUD] XVWDOHQLH QHJDW\ZQ\FK JUDQLF ]DNUHVX NRU]\- VWDQLD]XSUDZQLHĔZUDPDFKGRSXV]F]DOQ\FKLQJHUHQFMLSUDZQ\FK´
16. :ROQRĞüMHVWWRVIHUDPRĪQRĞFLSRVWĊSRZDQLDZRNUHĞORQ\VSRVyEQS
G]LDáDQLDDOER]DQLHFKDQLDZNWyUąSDĔVWZX]DND]XMHVLĊLQJHUHQFML
MHVWWRZLĊFSUDZRZ]QDF]HQLXQHJDW\ZQ\P a jednostka w ramach VZRMHMZROL]ZROQRĞFLNRU]\VWDEąGĨQLH'ODWHJRWHĪSDĔVWZRQLHMHVW
FDáNLHP]ZROQLRQH]G]LDáDQLDQDU]HF]RFKURQ\ZROQRĞFLLSROHJDRQD
na wyznaczeniu koniecznych jej granic. W sytuacji istnienia wolno- ĞFLSUDZQLHFKURQLRQHMÄQDOHĪ\RGUyĪQLüWU]\SURVWHPRGDOQRĞFL]DND]
LQJHUHQFML SDĔVWZD ]DND] LQJHUHQFML GOD LQQ\FK SRGPLRWyZ QDND]X
XG]LHOHQLDRFKURQ\SUDZQHMSU]H]SDĔVWZR´
17.
7\PVDP\PQDOHĪ\SRVWDZLüS\WDQLHF]\RVRE\Z]ZLą]NXZ\]QD- QLRZ\PPDMąZROQRĞüGRRUJDQL]DFMLLSU]HELHJXXURF]\VWRĞFLUHOLJLM- Q\FK2GSRZLHGĨMHVWRF]\ZLĞFLHSR]\W\ZQD=DWHP]ZLą]HNZ\]QD- QLRZ\LRVREDZVND]DQDSU]H]WHQ]ZLą]HNZW\PSU]\SDGNXDUF\EL- VNXS-y]HI0LFKDOLNNRU]\VWDMą]ZROQRĞFLZ\]QDQLDZNWyUąSDĔVWZR
QLH PRĪH LQJHURZDü 2GU]XFHQLH WHM WH]\ VNXWNRZDáRE\ RNUHĞODQLHP
WUHĞFLND]DĔSU]H]SDĔVWZRFRNRMDU]\VLĊ]]DNXVDPLF]DVyZVáXV]QLH
:SURZDG]HQLH :\EyU ħUyGHá /XEOLQ 2¿F\QD :\GDZQLF]D 9HUED V]HU]HM
]RE06NZDU]\ĔVNLÄ%OXĨQLHUVWZRZĞZLHWOHVWDQGDUGyZRFKURQ\SUDZF]áRZLHND´Z
2GSRZLHG]LDOQRĞüNDUQDDUW\VW\]DREUD]ĊXF]XüUHOLJLMQ\FKUHG)LOLS&LHSá\:DUV]DZD
,QVW\WXW QD U]HF] .XOWXU\ 3UDZQHM 2UGR ,XULV 0 6NZDU]\ĔVNL Ä6SU]HFLZ
VXPLHQLDZHXURSHMVNLPLNUDMRZ\PV\VWHPLHRFKURQ\SUDZF]áRZLHND´3U]HJOąG6HMPRZ\
15 'DULXV] 'XGHN Z =DVDG\ 8VWURMX ,,, 5]HF]SRVSROLWHM, red. Dariusz Dudek i in.
:DUV]DZD:ROWHUV.OXZHUEXVLQHVV
16 7DPĪH
17 Anna Michalska, 3RGVWDZRZHSUDZDF]áRZLHNDZSUDZLHZHZQĊWU]Q\PDSDNW\SUDZ
F]áRZLHND:DUV]DZD:\GDZQLFWZR3UDZQLF]H
PLQLRQ\FK.D]DQLH]HVZHMLVWRW\MHVWZ\JáDV]DQHZUDPDFK]ZLą]- NX Z\]QDQLRZHJR ZLĊF Z UDPDFK UHDOL]DFML ZROQRĞFL WHJR ]ZLą]NX
=LVWRW\ZROQRĞFLZ\QLND]DND]LQJHUHQFML3U]HGPLRWVSUDZ\ZVND]XMH
ĪHFKRG]LÄRSR]ZDQLHDUF\ELVNXSD´NWyU\MHVWGXFKRZQ\PZ]ZLą]- NXDQLHSR]ZDQLHRE\ZDWHODSROVNLHJR-y]HID0LFKDOLND7\PVDP\P
WDNL]DNUHVSRVWĊSRZDQLDSRZRGDZVSUDZLHSRZLQLHQSU]H]VąG]RVWDü
SRWUDNWRZDQ\ MDNR SUyED ZFLąJQLĊFLD VąGX Z LQJHUHQFMĊ Z ZROQRĞü
]ZLą]NXZ\]QDQLRZHJRLQDUXV]HQLDMHJRDXWRQRPLLSU]\]QDQHMSU]H]
SROVNLH SUDZR =JRGQLH ] DUW XVW .RQNRUGDWX PLĊG]\ 6WROLFą
$SRVWROVNąL5]HF]ąSRVSROLWą3ROVNąSRGSLVDQHJRZ:DUV]DZLHGQLD
OLSFDU
18ÄRUJDQL]RZDQLHNXOWXSXEOLF]QHJRQDOHĪ\GRZáDG]\
NRĞFLHOQHM]JRGQLH]SU]HSLVDPLSUDZDNDQRQLF]QHJRL]]DFKRZDQLHP
RGSRZLHGQLFK SU]HSLVyZ SUDZD SROVNLHJR´ 6WRVRZDQLH odpowiednio SU]HSLVyZSUDZDSROVNLHJRQLHPRĪHMHGQDNGRW\F]\üWUHĞFLND]DQLD
ZNWyU\PUHDOL]XMHVLĊWDNĪHSUDZRGRSUH]HQWRZDQLDZáDVQHJRQDXF]D- QLD6WDQRZLáRE\WRLQJHUHQFMĊZZROQRĞüUHOLJLMQą]ZLą]NXLZROQRĞü
UHOLJLMQą GXFKRZQHJR 2GSRZLHGQLRĞü PRĪH GRW\F]\ü Z\áąF]QLH
WUDNWRZDQLD ND]DQLD MDN Z\SRZLHG]L SXEOLF]QHM ĞZLHFNLHM RVRE\
:SU]HGPLRWRZHMVSUDZLHNRQWHNVWZVND]XMHĪHFHOHPG]LDáDQLDMHVW
pozwanie duchownego, jako duchownego.
3U]HFKRG]ąFGDOHMSU]\MPXMąFQDZHWĪHVSUDZDGRW\F]\QLHDUF\EL- VNXSDDRE\ZDWHOD-y]HID0LFKDOLNDNWyU\PLDáSXEOLF]QHZ\VWąSLHQLH
DQLHND]DQLHQDOHĪ\VWZLHUG]LüĪHNRU]\VWDáRQMDNNDĪG\F]áRZLHN
] SU]\VáXJXMąF\FK PX SUDZ L ZROQRĞFL F]áRZLHND 3UDZD F]áRZLHND
SUyEXMH VLĊ GH¿QLRZDü QD NV]WDáW UR]XPLHQLD SUDZD SRGPLRWRZHJR
Z SUDZLH F\ZLOQ\P MDNR SU]\]QDQą SU]H] SU]HSLV\ QRUPĊ SUDZD
L Z\QLNDMąFą ]H VWRVXQNX SUDZQHJR VIHUĊ PRĪQRĞFL SRVWĊSRZDQLD
GDQHJRSRGPLRWXZRNUHĞORQ\VSRVyE
3UDZHPF]áRZLHNDMHVWZLĊF
WDNDVIHUDZNWyUHMF]áRZLHNPRĪHUHDOL]RZDüVZRMąZROQRĞüXSUDZ- QLHQLHOXELNRPSHWHQFMĊ
20OHF]SDĔVWZRZW\PZ\SDGNXPXVL]DFKR-
18 ']8]U1USR]
K. Motyka, :SURZDG]HQLH, 18; Wolter, Ignatowicz, i Stefaniuk, 3UDZR&\ZLOQH128 i n.
20 Piotr Tuleja, 6WRVRZDQLH.RQVW\WXFML53ZĞZLHWOH]DVDG\MHMQDGU]ĊGQRĞFLZ\EUDQH
SUREOHP\.UDNyZ=DNDP\F]HSRGREQLH0LFKDOVNDPodstawowe, 62.
ZDüVLĊDNW\ZQLHL]DSHZQLüRFKURQĊSUDZDSRSU]H]WZRU]HQLHQRUP
ZSUDZLHSR]\W\ZQ\P3UDZRF]áRZLHNDMHVWWRZLĊFWDNLURG]DMZROQR- ĞFLXSUDZQLHQLDEąGĨNRPSHWHQFMLNWyU\MHGQRVWNDFKFąF]UHDOL]RZDü
PDSUDZRĪąGDüRGSDĔVWZDRFKURQ\ZUHDOL]DFMLNWyUąSDĔVWZRPXVL
MHM]DSHZQLü&HFKąVSHF\¿F]QąSUDZF]áRZLHNDMHVWWRĪH]RERZLą- ]DQH GR SU]HVWU]HJDQLD SUDZ F]áRZLHND SR SLHUZV]H MHVW SDĔVWZR
:]DáRĪHQLXSRSU]H]WHQV\VWHPRFKURQ\MHGQRVWFHPDE\ü]DSHZQLRQH
EH]SLHF]HĔVWZRSU]HGQHJDW\ZQ\PG]LDáDQLHPDSDUDWXSDĔVWZRZHJR
MDNLQDND]DQLHSDĔVWZXRFKURQ\SUDZLZROQRĞFLMHGQRVWHN
3RGVWDZRZ\P SUDZHP F]áRZLHND MDNLH UHDOL]RZDá -y]HI 0LFKD- OLN MHVW ZROQRĞü Z\SRZLHG]L :VND]XMąF\P QD LVWRWĊ WHJR SUDZD
MHVW SRJOąG LĪ RGSRZLHGQLP WHUPLQHP RNUHĞODMąF\P WĊ ZROQRĞü MHVW
ÄZROQRĞüHNVSUHVML´
21FKRüZGRNWU\QLHZVND]XMHVLĊUyZQLHĪÄVZRER- GĊZ\SRZLHG]L´
22%H]VSRUQ\PZGRNWU\QLHMHVWĪHQRUP\Z\UDĪDMąFH
ZROQRĞüVáRZDVąĨUyGáHPVZRERG\DUW\VW\F]QHMVDW\U\F]\NU\W\NL
7UDIQLH]DXZDĪRQRĪHZ SU]\SDGNX DUWXVW (.3&]QLH
LVWQLHMH Z ]DVDG]LH NDWHJRULD ÄZ\SRZLHG]L QLHFKURQLRQ\FK´ W\P
SU]HSLVHP
23W\P VDP\P Z ĞZLHWOH VWDQGDUGyZ VWUDVEXUVNLFK
ND]DQLHNRU]\VWD]ZROQRĞFLZ\SRZLHG]LLMHVWFKURQLRQHNRQZHQ- FMą (OHPHQWDPL ZROQRĞFL VáRZD Vą ZROQRĞü SRVLDGDQLD SRJOąGyZ
oraz prawo do otrzymywania oraz przekazywania informacji i idei
24. : (XURSHMVNLHM .RQZHQFML 3UDZ &]áRZLHND ZVND]DQR Z DUW
XVWĪHZROQRĞüVáRZDÄREHMPXMHZROQRĞüSRVLDGDQLDSRJOąGyZRUD]
RWU]\P\ZDQLDLSU]HND]\ZDQLDLQIRUPDFMLLLGHLEH] LQJHUHQFMLZáDG]
SXEOLF]Q\FK L EH] Z]JOĊGX QD JUDQLFH SDĔVWZRZH´ 3RGREQą WUHĞü
21 5DIDá0L]HUVNLZ3UDZDF]áRZLHNDLLFKRFKURQD±SRGUĊF]QLNGODVWXGHQWyZSUDZD
i administracji UHG 7DGHXV] -DVXGRZLF] %RĪHQD *URQRZVND 0LFKDá %DOFHU]DN 0DFLHM
/XELV]HZVNLL5DIDá0L]HUVNL7RUXĔ'RP2UJDQL]DWRUD
22 Marek A. Nowicki, :RNyá .RQZHQFML (XURSHMVNLHM .RPHQWDU] GR (XURSHMVNLHM
.RQZHQFML3UDZ&]áRZLHND:DUV]DZD:ROWHUV.OXZHU3ROVND
23 /HV]HN*DUOLFNLÄ.RPHQWDU]GRDUW(.3&]´ Z/HV]HN*DUOLFNL3LRWU+RIPDĔ- VNL L$QGU]HM:UyEHO .RQZHQFMD R RFKURQLH SUDZ F]áRZLHND L SRGVWDZRZ\FK ZROQRĞFL
.RPHQWDU]GRDUW\NXáyZW,:DUV]DZD&+%HFNSNW
24 6WZLHUG]LüQDOHĪ\ĪHZ\UDĪHQLHZROQRĞüVáRZDQLHPRĪHVNXWNRZDüWUDNWRZDQLHP
XSUDZQLHĔ]QLHMZ\QLNDMąF\FKMDNRÄZROQRĞFL´DQLHÄSUDZ´6HPDQW\NDZW\PSU]\SDGNX
QLH]PLHQLDFKDUDNWHUXW\FKXSUDZQLHĔLZ\QLNDMąF\FKVWąGRERZLą]NyZSDĔVWZD
zawiera Karta Praw Podstawowych
25w art. 11 ust. 1
26NWyUDFRSUDZGD
Z3ROVFHZ\GDMHVLĊQLHMHVWEH]SRĞUHGQLPĨUyGáHPSUDZDSRQLHZDĪ
]JRGQLH]DUWXVW3URWRNRáXÄEU\W\MVNLHJR´]DáąF]RQHJRGR7UDNWD- WX]/L]ERQ\ZREHF3ROVNLMDNL=MHGQRF]RQHJR.UyOHVWZDQLHPRĪQD
VNXWHF]QLH SRZRáDü VLĊ QD MHM WUHĞü
27, to jednak „VWDQGDUG\ ]DZDUWH
Z.33Z3ROVFHRERZLą]XMąEąGĨMDNRVWDQGDUG\NRQVW\WXF\MQHEąGĨ
MDNRRERZLą]XMąFHQDVVWDQGDUG\PLĊG]\QDURGRZH´
28.
= NROHL 0LĊG]\QDURGRZ\ 3DNW 3UDZ 2E\ZDWHOVNLFK L 3ROLW\F]- nych
ZDUWXVWRNUHĞODĪHÄNDĪG\F]áRZLHNPDSUDZRGRSRVLD- GDQLDEH]SU]HV]NyGZáDVQ\FKSRJOąGyZ´]DĞDUWXVWPyZLĪH
„NDĪG\F]áRZLHNPDSUDZRGRVZRERGQHJRZ\UDĪDQLDRSLQLLSUDZRWR
REHMPXMH VZRERGĊ SRV]XNLZDQLD RWU]\P\ZDQLD L UR]SRZV]HFKQLDQLD
ZV]HONLFKLQIRUPDFMLLSRJOąGyZEH]Z]JOĊGXQDJUDQLFHSDĔVWZRZH
XVWQLHSLVPHPOXEGUXNLHPZSRVWDFLG]LHáDV]WXNLEąGĨZMDNLNROZLHN
LQQ\VSRVyEZHGáXJZáDVQHJRZ\ERUX´
'UXJLPSUDZHPF]áRZLHNDNWyUHUHDOL]RZDá-y]HI0LFKDOLNLMDNR
RE\ZDWHOLMDNRDUF\ELVNXSMHVWSUDZRGRZROQRĞFLSU]HNRQDĔLZ\]QD- QLD $UW\NXá (.3&] RNUHĞOD Z XVWĊSLH SLHUZV]\P ĪH ÄNDĪG\ PD
SUDZR GR ZROQRĞFL P\ĞOL VXPLHQLD L Z\]QDQLD SUDZR WR REHMPXMH
ZROQRĞü]PLDQ\Z\]QDQLDOXESU]HNRQDĔRUD]ZROQRĞüX]HZQĊWU]QLDQLD
LQG\ZLGXDOQLHOXEZVSyOQLH]LQQ\PLSXEOLF]QLHOXESU\ZDWQLHVZHJR
25 =GQLDJUXGQLDU']8U]8(]U&VGDOHMMDNR.33
26 „.DĪG\PDSUDZRGRZROQRĞFLZ\SRZLHG]L3UDZRWRREHMPXMHZROQRĞüSRVLDGDQLD
SRJOąGyZ RUD] RWU]\P\ZDQLD L SU]HND]\ZDQLD LQIRUPDFML L LGHL EH] LQJHUHQFML ZáDG]
SXEOLF]Q\FKLEH]Z]JOĊGXQDJUDQLFHSDĔVWZRZH´
27 6]HU]HM]RE$QQD:\UR]XPVNDÄ2FKURQDSUDZSRGVWDZRZ\FKZ8QLL(XURSHMVNLHM´
Z 2E\ZDWHO 8QLL 7RP 9, 7UDNWDW ] /L]ERQ\ ,]DEHOD 6NRPHUVND±0XFKRZVND $QQD
:\UR]XPVND:DUV]DZD,QVW\WXW:\GDZQLF]\(XUR3UDZRLQRUD].U\VW\QD
.RZDOLN±%DĔF]\N .RQVHNZHQFMH SU]\MĊFLD SURWRNRáX SROVNREU\W\MVNLHJR GRW\F]ąFH
VWRVRZDQLD .DUW\ 3UDZ 3RGVWDZRZ\FK Z .DUWD 3UDZ 3RGVWDZRZ\FK Z HXURSHMVNLP
LNUDMRZ\PSRU]ąGNXSUDZQ\PUHG$QGU]HM:UyEHO:DUV]DZD:ROWHUV.OXZHU3ROVND
28 5RPDQ :LHUXV]HZVNL Ä3RVWDQRZLHQLD .DUW\ 3UDZ 3RGVWDZRZ\FK Z ĞZLHWOH
ZLąĪąF\FK3ROVNĊXPyZPLĊG]\QDURGRZ\FKLSRVWDQRZLHĔ.RQVW\WXFML53]U´Z
2FKURQDSUDZSRGVWDZRZ\FKZ8QLL(XURSHMVNLHMUHG-DQ%DUF]:DUV]DZD&+%HFN
2008), 143.
Otwarty do podpisu w 1RZ\P -RUNX GQLD JUXGQLD U =DáąF]QLN GR ']8
]U1USR]±GDOHM0332L3
Z\]QDQLDOXESU]HNRQDĔSU]H]XSUDZLDQLHNXOWXQDXF]DQLHSUDNW\NR- ZDQLHLF]\QQRĞFLU\WXDOQH´
3RGNUHĞOLü QDOHĪ\ ĪH Z RU]HF]QLFWZLH VWUDVEXUVNLP SUDZR GR
ZROQRĞFLVáRZDPDFKDUDNWHUNOXF]RZ\DZW\PSU]\SDGNXNRU]\VWD- QLH]QLHMMHVWZVSDUWHSUDZHPGRZROQRĞFLZ\]QDQLD:SU]HGPLRWR- Z\PSU]\SDGNX]XZDJLQDGRQLRVáRĞüZ\SRZLHG]LMHMFHOMDNLPE\áD
RFKURQD URG]LQ\ L G]LHFND X]DVDGQLDá SRMHG\QF]H QLH]LQG\ZLGXDOL]R- ZDQHRFHQ\SU]\F]\QQHJDW\ZQ\FK]MDZLVNVSRáHF]Q\FK
:VND]Dü QDOHĪ\ UyZQLHĪ ĪH QLH ]RVWDá\ VSHáQLRQH SU]HVáDQNL
NODX]XOOLPLWDF\MQ\FK]DUWXVW(.3&]
30i 10 ust. 2 EKPCz
31. Aby E\áRPRĪOLZHRJUDQLF]HQLHNRU]\VWDQLD]ZROQRĞFLZ\]QDQLDLZROQR- ĞFLVáRZDPXVLRQRZ\QLNDü]XVWDZ\3RZ\ĪV]DDQDOL]DZVND]XMHĪH
ZVSUDZLHQLHPRĪHFKRG]LüRQDUXV]HQLHGyEURVRELVW\FKMDNLHMNROZLHN
RVRE\'ODWHJRWHĪMXĪWDRNROLF]QRĞüR]QDF]DQDUXV]HQLHSUDZF]áRZLH- ND3URFHGRZDQLHVąGXGRW\F]\ERZLHPVSUDZ\NWyUHMQLHPDSU]HG- PLRWXZ\QLNDMąFHJR]XVWDZ\&RZLĊFHMRJUDQLF]HQLHWDNLHMDNLPMHVW
VDPWRNSRVWĊSRZDQLDQLHMHVWQLH]EĊGQHZVSRáHF]HĔVWZLHGHPRNUD- W\F]Q\PNWyUH]LVWRW\PDFKDUDNWHUSOXUDOLVW\F]Q\
32, gdzie w oczywi- VW\VSRVyEMHGQRVWNLPXV]ąOLF]\üVLĊ]LQQ\PLRSLQLDPLZ\UDĪDQ\PL
30 :ROQRĞü X]HZQĊWU]QLDQLD Z\]QDQLD OXE SU]HNRQDĔ PRĪH SRGOHJDü MHG\QLH WDNLP
RJUDQLF]HQLRP NWyUH Vą SU]HZLG]LDQH SU]H] XVWDZĊ L NRQLHF]QH Z VSRáHF]HĔVWZLH
GHPRNUDW\F]Q\P ] XZDJL QD LQWHUHV\ EH]SLHF]HĔVWZD SXEOLF]QHJR RFKURQĊ SRU]ąGNX
SXEOLF]QHJR]GURZLDLPRUDOQRĞFLOXERFKURQĊSUDZLZROQRĞFLLQQ\FKRVyE
31 .RU]\VWDQLH ] W\FK ZROQRĞFL SRFLąJDMąF\FK ]D VREą RERZLą]NL L RGSRZLHG]LDOQRĞü
PRĪH SRGOHJDü WDNLP Z\PRJRP IRUPDOQ\P ZDUXQNRP RJUDQLF]HQLRP L VDQNFMRP MDNLH
Vą SU]HZLG]LDQH SU]H] XVWDZĊ L QLH]EĊGQH Z VSRáHF]HĔVWZLH GHPRNUDW\F]Q\P Z LQWHUHVLH
EH]SLHF]HĔVWZD SDĔVWZRZHJR LQWHJUDOQRĞFL WHU\WRULDOQHM OXE EH]SLHF]HĔVWZD SXEOLF]QHJR
]H Z]JOĊGX QD NRQLHF]QRĞü ]DSRELHĪHQLD ]DNáyFHQLX SRU]ąGNX OXE SU]HVWĊSVWZX ] XZDJL
QD RFKURQĊ ]GURZLD L PRUDOQRĞFL RFKURQĊ GREUHJR LPLHQLD L SUDZ LQQ\FK RVyE RUD] ]H
Z]JOĊGXQD]DSRELHĪHQLHXMDZQLHQLXLQIRUPDFMLSRXIQ\FKOXEQD]DJZDUDQWRZDQLHSRZDJL
LEH]VWURQQRĞFLZáDG]\VąGRZHM
32 Szerzej zob. Krzysztof Orzeszyna, 3RGVWDZ\UHODFMLPLĊG]\SDĔVWZHPDNRĞFLRáDPL
ZNRQVW\WXFMDFKSDĔVWZF]áRQNRZVNLFKLWUDNWDWDFK8QLL(XURSHMVNLHM6WXGLXPSUDZQRSR- UyZQDZF]H/XEOLQ:\GDZQLFWZR.8/1DWHPDW]RUJDQL]RZDQHJRVSRáH- F]HĔVWZDRE\ZDWHOVNLHJRV]HU]HM]RE.U]\V]WRI2U]HV]\QDÄ6SRáHF]HĔVWZR2E\ZDWHOVNLH
Z8QLL(XURSHMVNLHM´7HND.RPLVML3UDZQLF]HM3ROVNLHM$NDGHPLL1DXN2GG]LDáZ/XEOLQLH
$QWRQL.RĞüÄ5HODFMDSUDZDLZDUWRĞFLZVSRáHF]HĔVWZLHRWZDUW\P´Z
3UDZRDZDUWRĞFL.VLĊJDMXELOHXV]RZD3URIHVRUD-y]HID1RZDFNLHJR, red. Iwona Bogucka,
=\JPXQW7RERU.UDNyZ=DNDP\F]H
SXEOLF]QLH7RNSRVWĊSRZDQLDJG]LHZ RF]\ZLVW\VSRVyEVSUDZDQLH
PD SU]HGPLRWX ± QDUXV]HQLD GyEU RVRELVW\FK SROHJDMąF\ QD ZH]ZD- QLX VWURQ\ SR]ZDQHM UHSUH]HQWRZDQHM SU]H] IDFKRZHJR SHáQRPRFQL- ND Z\ZRáXMH RF]\ZLVW\ HIHNW FKáRG]ąF\ Z GHEDFLH SXEOLF]QHM 3R]D
W\PVWDQRZLRQQLHEH]SLHF]Q\SUHFHGHQV=JRGQLH]]DVDGąUyZQRĞFL
ZREHFSUDZDMHĞOLWDNLHZH]ZDQLHMHVWPRĪOLZHZREHFGXFKRZQHJR
WR MHVW WDNĪH PRĪOLZH ZREHF G]LHQQLNDU]\ QDXNRZFyZ F]\ FKRüE\
RVyE REMĊW\FK LPPXQLWHWHP = SXQNWX ZLG]HQLD SUDZD F\ZLOQHJR
SR]ZDüPRĪQDQLHPDORZV]\VWNRZREHFF]HJRWDNDSUDNW\NDPRĪH
VáXĪ\üRGU\ZDQLXRGRERZLą]NyZSRSU]H]NRQLHF]QRĞüVWDZLHQLDVLĊ
ZVąG]LHZVSUDZLHZLVWRFLHEH]SU]HGPLRWRZHM0RĪHWRSURZDG]Lü
w skrajnych przypadkach do celowej dezorganizacji redakcji praso- wych poprzez wzywanie na bezpodstawne sprawy dziennikarzy czy WáXPLHQLXZROQRĞFLZQDXFH7DNLSUHFHGHQVQLHRGQRVLáE\VLĊZ\áąF]- QLHGRRVyEGXFKRZQ\FK
KONKLUZJA
, :SU]HGPLRWRZHMVSUDZLHQLHPDSU]HVáDQHNGRUHDOL]DFMLRGSRZLH- G]LDOQRĞFLF\ZLOQHM]W\WXáXGyEURVRELVW\FK
1. Brak jest naruszenia indywidualnego dobra osobistego;
']LDáDQLHQLHE\áREH]SUDZQH
:\SRZLHG]L PLDá\ FKDUDNWHU RFHQ QLHSRGOHJDMąF\FK RGSRZLH- G]LDOQRĞFLSUDZQHM
']LDáDQLHE\áRUHDOL]DFMąZROQRĞFLZ\]QDQLDLZROQRĞFLVáRZD
']LDáDQLHE\áRSRGMĊWHZVSRáHF]QLHX]DVDGQLRQ\PLQWHUHVLH
,, 3U]HGPLRWRZDVSUDZDLQJHUXMHZSUDZDLZROQRĞFLF]áRZLHNDMDNLH
SU]\VáXJXMąDUF\ELVNXSRZL-y]HIRZL0LFKDOLNRZL
:ROQRĞü Z\]QDQLD ]RVWDáD QDUXV]RQD SRSU]H] SURZDG]H- QLH SRVWĊSRZDQLD VąGRZHJR Z ]DNUHVLH WUHĞFL Z\JáRV]RQHJR
ZF]DVLHXURF]\VWRĞFLUHOLJLMQHMND]DQLD
:ROQRĞü Z\SRZLHG]L ]RVWDáD QDUXV]RQD SRSU]H] SURZDG]HQLH
SRVWĊSRZDQLD VąGRZHJR Z ]DNUHVLH QLHZ\QLNDMąF\P ] SU]HSL- VyZXVWDZ\SRQLHZDĪZVSUDZLHZVSRVyERF]\ZLVW\QLHGRV]áR
GRQDUXV]HĔGyEURVRELVW\FK
WNIOSKI
: SU]HGPLRWRZHM VSUDZLH DUF\ELVNXS -y]HI 0LFKDOLN QLH MHVW
WUDNWRZDQ\ MDN NDĪG\ LQQ\ RE\ZDWHO L MHVW Z LVWRFLH G\VNU\PLQRZD- Q\]XZDJLQDZ\]QDQLHLIXQNFMĊGXV]SDVWHUVNą:REHFSU]HFLĊWQHJR
Ä.RZDOVNLHJR´WHJRW\SXSRVWĊSRZDQLHE\áRE\RGGDORQHEH]Z]\ZD- QLDVWURQ]SRZRGXEUDNXSU]HGPLRWXGODWDNLHJRSURFHVX:\GDMHVLĊ
ĪHZ\áąF]QLHIXQNFMDGXV]SDVWHUVNDMHVWSRZRGHPWRF]HQLDVLĊQLQLHM- V]HMVSUDZ\SRQLHZDĪEUDNGRWHJRMDNLFKNROZLHNSRGVWDZSUDZQ\FK
: LVWRFLH DUF\ELVNXS MHVW WUDNWRZDQ\ LQDF]HM WR ]QDF]\ JRU]HM QLĪ
NDĪG\LQQ\RE\ZDWHOSROVNL6WDQRZLWRQDUXV]HQLH]DND]XG\VNU\PLQD- FMLRNUHĞORQHJRZDUWXVWL.RQVW\WXFML53RUD]DUW(XURSHM- VNLHM.RQZHQFML3UDZ&]áRZLHNDJG]LHZVND]XMHVLĊĪHQLHPRĪQDE\ü
G\VNU\PLQRZDQ\P ] MDNLHMNROZLHN SU]\F]\Q\ ]ZáDV]F]D ] SRZRGX
Z\]QDQLDF]\Z\NRQ\ZDQHJR]DZRGX3RGVXPRZXMąFVSUDZDQLQLHM- V]D MDN NDĪGD R SR]RUQH QDUXV]HQLH GyEU RVRELVW\FK SRZLQQD E\ü
oddalona bez wzywania strony, reprezentowanej przez fachowego SHáQRPRFQLND:WDNLHMV\WXDFMLVąGSRZLQLHQRJUDQLF]\üSRVWĊSRZD- QLHGR]DJDGQLHĔZVWĊSQ\FKQDSRGVWDZLHDUWNSFLVWZLHUG]LüĪH
SU]HGPLRWRZHND]DQLHQLHPRJáRQDUXV]DüQLF]\LFKGyEURVRELVW\FK
BIBLIOGRAFIA
&KDFLĔVNL -DFHN 3UDZD SRGPLRWRZH D RFKURQD GyEU RVRELVW\FK /XEOLQ
Wydawnictwo KUL, 2004.
*DUOLFNL/HV]HN3LRWU+RIPDĔVNLL$QGU]HM:UyEHOKonwencja o ochronie SUDZF]áRZLHNDLSRGVWDZRZ\FKZROQRĞFL.RPHQWDU]GRDUW\NXáyZ, W,:DUV]DZD&+%HFN
Michalska, Anna. 3RGVWDZRZH SUDZD F]áRZLHND Z SUDZLH ZHZQĊWU]Q\P
DSDNW\SUDZF]áRZLHND:DUV]DZD:\GDZQLFWZR3UDZQLF]H
Motyka, Krzysztof. 3UDZD&]áRZLHND:SURZDG]HQLH:\EyUħUyGHá/XEOLQ
2¿F\QD:\GDZQLF]D9HUED
Nowicki, Marek A. :RNyá.RQZHQFML(XURSHMVNLHM.RPHQWDU]GR(XURSHMVNLHM
.RQZHQFML3UDZ&]áRZLHND:DUV]DZD:ROWHUV.OXZHU3ROVND
Orzeszyna, Krzysztof. 3RGVWDZ\ UHODFML PLĊG]\ SDĔVWZHP D NRĞFLRáDPL
Z NRQVW\WXFMDFK SDĔVWZ F]áRQNRZVNLFK L WUDNWDWDFK 8QLL (XURSHMVNLHM
6WXGLXPSUDZQRSRUyZQDZF]H/XEOLQ:\GDZQLFWZR.8/
2U]HV]\QD .U]\V]WRI Ä6SRáHF]HĔVWZR 2E\ZDWHOVNLH Z 8QLL (XURSHMVNLHM´
7HND .RPLVML 3UDZQLF]HM 3ROVNLHM $NDGHPLL 1DXN 2GG]LDá Z /XEOLQLH
3UDZD&]áRZLHND=DU\VZ\NáDGXUHG=ELJQLHZ+RáGD'RURWD2VWURZVND
-RDQQD+RáGDL-XOLWD$5\EF]\ĔVND:DUV]DZD:ROWHUV.OXZHU3ROVND
2011.
3UDZDF]áRZLHNDLLFKRFKURQD±SRGUĊF]QLNGODVWXGHQWyZSUDZDLDGPLQL- stracjiUHG7DGHXV]-DVXGRZLF]%RĪHQD*URQRZVND0LFKDá%DOFHU]DN
0DFLHM/XELV]HZVNLL5DIDá0L]HUVNL7RUXĔ'RP2UJDQL]DWRUD
5DGZDĔVNL=ELJQLHZ3UDZRF\ZLOQH±F]ĊĞüRJyOQD:DUV]DZD&+%HFN
2005.
Sadomski, Jacek. 1DUXV]HQLHGyEURVRELVW\FKSU]H]PHGLD:DUV]DZD2¿F\- na Naukowa IWS, 2003.
6NZDU]\ĔVNL 0LFKDá Ä2GSRZLHG]LDOQRĞü G]LHQQLNDU]D ]D QDUXV]HQLH GyEU
RVRELVW\FK´:2JyOQRSROVNL=MD]G&\ZLOLVWyZ6WXGHQWyZ±ODWNRGHN- VyZF\ZLOQ\FKUHG-y]HI-6NRF]\ODVLLQ/XEOLQ:\GDZQLFWZR
.8/
6NZDU]\ĔVNL 0LFKDá Ä%OXĨQLHUVWZR Z ĞZLHWOH VWDQGDUGyZ RFKURQ\ SUDZ
F]áRZLHND´:2GSRZLHG]LDOQRĞüNDUQDDUW\VW\]DREUD]ĊXF]XüUHOLJLM- Q\FKUHG)LOLS&LHSá\:DUV]DZD,QVW\WXWQDU]HF].XOWXU\3UDZQHM
Ordo Iuris, 2014.
6NZDU]\ĔVNL0LFKDáÄ6SU]HFLZVXPLHQLDZHXURSHMVNLPLNUDMRZ\PV\VWH- PLHRFKURQ\SUDZF]áRZLHND´3U]HJOąG6HMPRZ\
Tuleja, Piotr. 6WRVRZDQLH .RQVW\WXFML 53 Z ĞZLHWOH ]DVDG\ MHM QDGU]ĊGQRĞFL
Z\EUDQHSUREOHP\.UDNyZ=DNDP\F]H
Wolter, Aleksander, Jerzy Ignatowicz, i Krzysztof Stefaniuk. 3UDZR&\ZLOQH
]DU\VF]ĊĞFLRJyOQHM:DUV]DZD/H[LV1H[LV
LEGAL OPINION ON THE LACK OF LIABILITY FOR THE INFRINGEMENT OF PERSONAL RIGHTS FOR THE CONTENT OF GENERAL JUDGEMENTS
CONTAINED IN SERMONS