A iJpecam e R3bZKoeou KOMMy1-tuKa71uu
H.M. <I>OPMAHOBCKA5I
(MocK6a)
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2003
H .U.p.). OnttcbIBaSI nptt3HaKH pe'iH B ornH'iHe OT Sl3bIKa, M.H. Km1rntta wc nonh3yeT TaK)Ke nOHSITHSI pe'ieBOH .n.esiTenbHOCTJ.i H o6tu;eHHSI: «TaKHM o6pa.3oM, 061>eKTOM pe'ieBe.n.ettHSI BbICTynaeT roBopm.u;Hił 'ienoBeK B npou;eccax (H pe3ynhTaTe) ero pe'ieBoił .n.eS1TeJlbHOCTH H o6w_eHHH B cou;HOKYJlbTypttoił cpe.n.e. TipH 3TOM npe.n.MeTOM pe'-łeBe.n.ettHsi (pe'-ł eBe,[('-łecKoro acneKTa lll1HrBHCTl1Kl1) HBllSIIOTCH pe'ieBaSI ,[(eSITenbHOCT6 H o6rn.etttte, paccMaTpHBaeMbie C TO'iKH 3peHHH B3aHMO,[(eHCTBHSI KOMMYHHKaHTOB BO BHeUJHeH cpe.n.e (T.e. B3aHMO,D.eHCTBHJ.i .n.pyr C .n.pyroM H C npe.n.MeTaMJ.i H SIBneHHSIMH OKpy)l{aIOw.ero Mttpa) , 3aKOHOMepHOCTl1 cpyHKQHOHHpOBaHHSI (Hcnonb30BaHHSI H3bIKa rOBOPHW.HMH) B pa3Hb!X ccpepax H CHTyau;ttSIX o6w.eHHSI B urnpOKOM 3KCTpanHHrBHCTH'ieCKHM KOHTeKCTe (a He lll1Wb Bep6anbHOM), T. e. no.n. BnHSIHHeM «3KCTpanttHrBl1CTH'ieCKHX» cpaKTOpOB, l1 06pa.3y10w.HeCH npH 3TOM Tl1Ubl pe'iH C HX cneu;mptt'ieCKOH CHCTeMH0CTblO. Attanl13HpyIOTCH TaK)Ke pe'ieBbJe e,D.HHHLI;bl, CTHllb H KOMn03HQHSI BbICKa3bIBaHHSI, u;enoro TeKCTa; HOpMbl, npaBttna noBe,D.eHHSI H pe'iH roBOPSIW.HX» (KmKHHa1998: 20-21).
XapaKTeptto, 'iTO B nocne.n.tteił pa6oTeB.r.
KocroMapoBa no CTHnttCTttKe onwcaHHe Ha'-łHHaeTCSI nepBbIM O'iepKOM «CxeMa o6w.ettl1SI». TaKHM o6pa30M, MO)KHO yrnep)l(,[(aTb, 'iTO )J.llSI rny6oKoro npOHHKHOBeHHSI B COBpeMeHHYJO CTHnHCTHKY tteo6XO,[(l1MO Y'iHTbIBaTb TaKtte COCTaBllSIIOl.l(He o6w.eHHH, KaK<<KOMMYHl11<aI_\110HHbll1 TJ)eyrOJibHl11< KTO-'łTO-KOMy» 11 cpe.n.a , ccpepa o6w.eHl1H (KocroMapoB
2005: 15 11 .n.anee).
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K o M M Y H l1K aTl1B H O e B 3 al1 M O JJ. e H C T B l1 e n apTHepoB np11 H a.n.Ji e )l( l1T o6w.eHHIO. ITp11 3TOM Ba)l(HO Y411TbIBaTb He TOJibKO «KOMMYHHKaU.110 HHblH TJ)eyrOJibHl1K KTO-l!TO-KO MY», HO 11 MHOroe, MHOroe .n.pyroe. Oco6eHHO )l(e Ba)l(HOH 3JJ.eCb OKa3brnaeTCH ponb a.n.pecaTa. M.H. Ko)l(11Ha ynoM11HaeT «.n.pyro ro», T. e. no cyw.ecTBY, a.n.pecaTa: «Pe'łeBaH .n.eHTeJibHOCTh KaK o.n.11H 113 Bl1JJ.OB l!eJIOBel!eCKOH .n.eHTeJibHOCTl1 ( C coxpaHeH11eM BCex xapaKTep11CTHK .n.eHTeJibHOCTl1 Boo6w.e 3aMbICJia, 11HTeHU.11H, u.en11 11 T.JJ..) 6ecCMbICJieHHa BHe KOJIJieKT11Ba (3To pe'łb JJ.JIH .n.pyroro). TeM caMbIM oHa pean113yeT pel!eBoe 06w.eH11e, np11 KOTOpOM He06XOJJ.11Mbl XOTH 6bi JJ.BOe rOBOPHW.11X (n1160 B Ka'łecTBe BTOporo .512
) , T. e . .n.11anor (Ko)l(11Ha 1998: 1 8).
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KocToMapoB: «KoMy, T. e. xapaKTep a.n.pecaTa, TO)l(e He MO)l(eT He CKa3aTbCH Ha ynoTpe6rreHl111 H3bIKa XOTH 6hI nOTOMY, 'łTO :no 1160 cnywaTeJih , n1160 'łl1TaTeJib. Pa3Jil14HO H3bIK cpyHKU.110HHpyeT, Kor.n.a a.n.pecaT rpynna JI11U. (np11'łeM 3apaHee 113BeCTHaH, KaK rpynna CTy.n.eHTOB JJ.JIH JieKTOpa, 11Jil1 HeT, KaK np11 BbICTynneHl111 Ha YJil1'łHOM Ml1Tl1Hre) 11JIH OTJJ.eJibHOe JIHU.O (onHTb )l(e 3HaK0MOe, KaK OTeu., np11HTeJib, HO 11 Y'łl1TeJib , .n.11peKTOp, 11n11 Boo6w.e He3HaKoMeu., cny'łaHHhIH BCTpel!Hb111). H a ero cp y H K U.11 0 H H p O B a H 11 e B JI H HIOT y cJI O B l1 H 11 o 6 c T a H O B K a K O H T a K T a Henocpe,!I.cTBeHHoro Jil1'łHoro 11n11 ny6n11l!Horo, ocp11u.11arrbHoro, ,!J.eJioBoro , npOH3BO,!J.CTBeHHOro, 6hITOBOro, <popMaJibHOro 11 pa3BH3HOro, .n.py)l(eCKoro H Henp11H3HeHHOro, a TaK)l(e cneu.11cp11Ka ,!J.11CTaHU.110HHOl1 KOMMYHl1KaIJ.11 H , H a n p 11 M ep , n p 11 B bl C T y n n e H l1 11 n ep e,!I. H e n p e,!I.C K a 3 y e M O H M a C C O H p a,!1.HocnywaTene11 11JIH Tene3p1,nene11» (KocTo M apoB2005: 1 7 ) . K
BTOpOCTeneHHbIM cnaraeMbIM cpe;:J;bl aBT0p OTHOCl1T u.enb 11 o6CTOHTeJibCTBa o 6 w.eHl1 H , «B KaKOM H a CTpOeHl1 11 , K Or,!J.a , r,!J.e» (c.1 8) .
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nepBOCTeneHHOe 3Ha'łeHJ-1e, TaKHM o6pa30M, a.u.pecaHT 11 a.u.pecaT C'łHTalOTCSI .ll.BYMSI aKTHBHblMH cy6oeKTaMH ,ll.HCKypco- / TeKCT006pa3oBaHHSI.
Ha.u.o OTMeTHTb, 'ITO npo6rreMe a.u.pecaTa OOCBSII..U;aIOTCSI cepbe3Hble HCCJie,ll.OBaHHSI. A.B. TioJIOHCKHH on11Cb1BaeT KaTerop1110 a.u.pecaTHOCTH, Jl.A. A3Ha6aeB a 113yąaeT KOMMYHHKaTHBHOe nOB e.u.ett11e a.u.pecaTa B KOHBeHQHOHaJlbHOM o6I..U;eHHH (TIOJIOHCKHH
1999;
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