ZEITSCHRIFT FÜR LEBE NDIGE SPRA CH ENPF LEGE
11. JAH RG AN G AUGUST 1934 HEFT 8
Stevenson's W ay of Life in Samoa
(Continued) The Chief and His Clan
“Accordingly, in order to ensure permanent ser
vice in Samoa I have tried to play the native chief, with necessary European variations. Ju st now it looks as if I were succeeding. Our last triumph was at the annual missionary feast. Up to now, our boys had always gone home and marched into the show with their own individual village. This time they marched in a body by themselves into the meeting clad in the Vailima uniforms, and on their entrance were saluted as ‘Tam a Ona,‘ which may be literally translated into Scotch as iMac Ritchies (children of the rich man).
“W e have a child on the place, a small fellow of eight or thereabouts. My daughter had amused herself in dressing him out in fine lavalava, white line coat, and straw hat. In this guise he was Erläuterungen zu obenstehendem Text : clan: Stamm (tribe) — triumph (traramf) Errun
genschaft — show (Jou) Zeigen; Schaustellung;
Prunkzug, Umzug — body: Körper; K örper
schaft, Vereinigung; Abteilung; Menge, Masse clad: dressed — literal: buchstäblich, wörtlich.
M e r k e : just now — it looks as if — . . . I were succeeding (noch nicht vollendet!) — at the annual feast — up to now — go home — way home (Heimweg) — in a body by themselves — clad in, dressed in — o n their entrance, o n their arriving there — salute as — translate literally into.
thereabout: daherum, ungefähr — guise:
Kleid, T racht (garb, dress) — stride, strode, stridden [vgl, streiten] (gespreizt, stolz) schreiten (stalk) — proprietor (ar) Eigentümer (owner) — hi (hai) he! heda! — pride: Stolz.
M e r k e : on the place — amuse o.s. in . . . ing — dress s.o. out in — he w a s strid i n g
striding about in front of the Tivoli Hotel when the proprietor noticed him. 'Hi, youngster/ he asked in Samoan, ‘who may you b e ? ‘ Feloa i replied with pride, ‘I am one of the Vailima m en!’
“Of course this almost involves discharging nobody; they must learn to count upon the house as a permanent refuge, and I am rather hopeful that I may be able to carry out my plan on these lines. Cases of misconduct must be met with some kind of punishment. A t first I always discharged. Now that we are beginning to take so much the character of a clan and that, by the previous process of discharges as by the sur
vival of the fittest, we have so good a clan together, I am trying to substitute fines upon a large scale. The other day I cut down the wages of one defaulter by half. This was cheerfully accepted and the man is still with us.
w h e n the proprietor noticed him — in S a moan, i n German ( a u f deutsch!) with pride (proudly).
almost (all + most, allermeist) fast, beinahe involve; mit sich bringen; erforderlich machen discharge: ausladen (unload); entlassen (dismiss) refuge (re’fju:d 3 ) Zuflucht — line: Richtlinie — misconduct: schlechtes Betragen — m eet: b e
gegnen, m eistern; ahnden — substitute: an die Stelle setzen (davon) — line: Geldbuße on a large scale: in großem M aße — cut down: b e
schneiden, kürzen — defaulter: (etwa) ,,Sünder . M e r k e : this almost involves (Stellung!) discharging (to discharge) — count upon . . . as
— I am rather hopeful — I may be able carry out o.'s plan — on these lines — at first (zuerst^=
anfangs) — first (zu erst= ,,als erste (r, s) I always discharged (Stellung!) — now that we are beginning (immer noch!) — so good a clan
— I am trying (immer noch!) — on a large scale
— the other day — cut down the wages by half.
In fines, if the boy is Catholic, the amount is taken by the culprit to the Catholic Mission, if P rotestant to the P rotestant Mission. If you had com e up to the house at about five o ’clock you would have seen Mr. Osbourne and Mrs.
Strong playing lawn tennis with some of the boys who take it ‘a tour de rôle,' and sometimes go on with the game by themselves after the bosses go into dinner— bosses I cannot say they are with regard to the game, for some of the Samoans are capital players. It is particularly pleasant, too, to hear them sing in their houses at night, shouting with laughter and speechify
ing, A t my last birthday feast there w ere some great doings, one or two of which will illustrate the feelings of the boys. (When I say boys, I mean men.)
"E v ery chief who respects himself in Sam oa must have an officer called a ’tulafale'— usually Englished 'speaking man.’ It is a part, and p er
haps the most momentous, of this officer’s attri- Catholic (kä’09lik) — culprit (
a1) Schuldiger Protestant (pro’tistant) — capital: ausgezeichnet (excellent) — shout with: brüllen vor (roar with) speechify: (scherzh.) Reden halten — doings:
Tun und Treiben,
M e r k e : i f the boy is Catholic — i f you h a d come — at about five o'clock — to see s,o.
playing — go on with the game — by themselves
— with regard to — to hear them sing — at night — to shout with laughter, roar with laughter — at my last birthday feast — there were — some great doings.
part: T eil; A nteil; Pflicht, Amt — momén- tous: wichtig, bedeutend — attribution: „Zutei
lung" — peculiar (pikjuî'lia) seltsam (strange) —
butions to cry out the names at the ava (kava) drinking. This is done in a peculiar howl or song very difficult to acquire and, I must say, to un
derstand. He must also be fairly well versed in the true science of Samoan names, as no chief above a certain rank is ever ‘called’ under his own nam e; he has to have an ‘ava‘ name for the purpose.
"W ell, I had no tulafale, and Mr, Osbourne held a competition in which three or four of them howled against one another. The judgment of Apollo fell upon one boy who was instantly a foot taller. I am sorry to make such confession of my disrespectability, but I must continue. I had not only no tulafale— I had no ava name.
On this coming to the knowledge of a high chief who was present he paid me the graceful atten tion of giving me one of his own; and I was kindly warned before the event that I must look out and recognise my new name of ‘Au-mai-taua- m a-le-M anuavo.‘ (To be concluded) howl (haul) Geheul — acquire: erwerben, erler
nen — versed: geübt — rank: Reihe; Rang.
M e r k e : a t the ava drinking — this is done in a peculiar song — fairly well versed in
— no chief above a certain rank — he has to have — for the purpose.
competition: W ettbew erb — instantly: sofort disrespect(ability): Unhöflichkeit; Unehrerbietig
k eit — graceful: anmutig (élégant) — look out:
wachsam sein, sich gefaßt machen auf; auf
passen, achtgeben — récognize: (wieder)er- kennen.
M e r k e : against one another — I am sorry
— on this coming to the knowledge of (als dies zur Kenntnis kam von) — pay the graceful atten
tion of . . . ing.
Richesses en réserve...
L a lecture de certains rapports scientifiques n'est pas toujours dénuée d'intérêt, et il est fort re grettable que leurs auteurs préfèrent la plupart du temps en réserver la primeur à de doctes assem blées qui, peu soucieuses du grand public, les approuvent purement et simplement, et . . . passent à l'ordre du jour.
Tout dernièrement, une conférencière britan
nique a traité des richesses de la mer M orte, Si dénuer: berauben, entblößen — dénué d’intérêt:
ohne Interesse — primeur: erster Genuß, die
„Blum e" — docte: gelehrt — soucieux de:
besorgt um — approuver: gutheißen; loben — purement et simplement: schlechthin; lediglich.
traiter: behandeln, erörtern — se rapporter à: sich beziehen auf; sich berufen auf — docu
mentation: Beurkundung, T ext — je sais à quoi
l'on s'en rapporte à la documentation contenue dans les encyclopédies courantes, on doit s'en tenir à ceci: «La mer M orte ou lac Asphaltite est un lac de Palestine dont la salure et la den
sité sont exceptionnellem ent fortes au point qu'il est difficile d'y plonger; et qu'il est presque im
possible de s'y noyer.»
Ceci est évidemment un phénomène curieux d'ordre physique, mais l a m e r M o r t e , qui m’en tenir: ich weiß, woran ich bin (woran ich mich zu halten habe) — salure: Salzigkeit (Salz
gehalt) — densité: D ichtigkeit; spezifisches G e
wicht — point: Grad — plonger: untertauchen — se noyer: ertrinken.
M e r k e : certains rapports (ohne: de!) —
dénué d in térêt — fort regrettable — la plupart
du temps — de doctes assem blées — peu sou-
a soixante-quinze kilom ètres de long sur quinze kilom ètres de large, qui est enferm ée dans une fosse plus basse que la M éditerranée, et dont le niveau n arrive pas à être modifié en dépit de ce que les eaux duj Jourdain s’y déversent sans discontinuer depuis des siècles, car l'évaporation est telle que les eaux du lac diminuent de quel
que six millions de tonnes par jour, a d ' a u t r e s r a i s o n s d e s ' i m p o s e r à l ' a t t e n t i o n .
D après certains géologues, la mer M orte ren
ferm erait d'énormes quantités de richesses miné
rales dont les plus importantes seraient consti
tuées par deux milliards de tonnes de potasse, douze milliards de tonnes de sel, vingt-deux mil
liards de tonnes de chlorate de magnésium, un cieux de — purement et simplement — passer à 1 ordre du jour — tout dernièrement — des richesses se rapporter à — s'en tenir à — au point que.
fosse: Grube — en dépit de: trotz — se déverser: sich ergießen — discontinuer: aufhören évaporation: Verdunstung — quelque: etwa, un
gefähr s’imposer à: sich aufdrängen.
M e r k e : 75 km de long sur 15 km de large
— arriver à ( + inf.) — dont l e niveau — en dépit de ce que — depuis d e s siècles — dimi
nuer de quelque six millions (nicht: quelques!
Adverb!) — six millions de — par jour — d'au
tres raisons de ( + inf.) — s’imposer à l'attention, la potasse: Pottasche — chlorate de potasse:
chlorsaures Kali — magnésium (magnezjo'm) — gypse: Gips — bromure d’argent: Brom silber — pétrolifère: petroleum-, erdölhaltig.
million de tonnes de gypse, du Ibromure, de l'or, e t c .. . . ; de plus, la mer M orte couvrirait de vastes champs pétrolifères; une mission scienti
fique anglaise ayant un caractère officiel aurait admis l'existence de ces richesses dont la valeur apparaît très considérable.
On voit que le monde n'est pas à la veille d'une disette, encore qu'actuellem ent il souffre plutôt de pléthore dans tous les domaines. Con
solons-nous cependant en pensant qu'il se pas
sera encore bien des temps avant que ces riches
ses ne viennent accuser sur les marchés in ter
nationaux le malaise actuel, en supposant natu
rellement que les travaux de mise en valeur perm ettent de vérifier leur existence réelle.
M e r k e : d'après — certains géologues (ohne: de!) — renferm erait, seraient, couvrirait, aurait (Conditionnel!) — d'énormes quantités de
— dont l e s — constitué par — deux milliards d e tonnes d e potasse — du bromure — de l'or
— de plus (außerdem, zudem) — de vastes champs — ayant (im D eutschen: Nebensatz!) — dont 1 a valeur.
veille: Vorabend — à la veille de: nahe (dar)an — disette: Mangel, Not — pléthore:
Vollblütigkeit; Vollsaftigkeit — malaise: Mangel, Not — mise en valeur: Verwertung — vérifier:
bestätigen.
M e r k e : à la veille de — souffrir de — tous les domaines — en pensant (mit dem Gedanken)
— il se passera encore bien des temps avant que . . . ne ( + subj.) — en supposant — les travaux de mise en valeur.
Problems of Race
W h o Are the Nordics ?
The scientific discussions at the International Congress of Anthropology and Ethnology in L on don on questions of race have led, we are in
formed, to a certain amount of criticism on the ground that they had some political complexion.
It will be recalled that Sir Grafton Elliot- Smith in his opening address emphasised the importance of anthropologists reaching some consensus of opinion on such problems as may be used to justify or excuse political action.
Fallacious Use of the Term Aryan
In an interview with a representative of The Observer, Sir Grafton stated that in the course of the preliminary arrangements for the Con
gress he got the impression that the discussion of problems of race at the present time would not be welcome, seeing that it was so inter
mingled with political disputes.
"H ence,“ he said, “I decided that in acco r
dance with the precedent set at the Congress on pre-Historic Studies held in London two years ago, to give an opening address from the chair in which I would try to state what I believe to be the generally admitted opinions of anthropo
logists on the racial issue. That I did not attain complete agreement in this attem pt is indicated by the letter from Sir Arthur Keith in “The Tim es“ last Wednesday.
“A fter my address at the Congress many com petent anthropologists kindly expressed their agreement with my action, and urged me to submit to the Section over which I was presid
ing the following resolution:—
In view of the fallacious use of the term
Aryan, increasingly prevalent at the present day,
with the implied association of inherent mental
aptitude and cultural achievements, this section
urges the desirability for organised research in
various countries, and considers that this re
search could best be carried out in connection with or under the direction of the International Institute for Intellectual Co-operation.
“This resolution was adopted unanimously, but so far as I can discover it has got no farther, which confirms my suspicions that the m atter was considered dangerous.“
Sir Grafton contrasted this extraordinary attitude taken in London with the complete free
dom with which Baptists at their W orld Con
gress in Berlin last w eek were allowed to dis
cuss a report on racialism, which covered the whole range of racial relations, and said how more than ridiculous it is that anthropologists here should be criticised for discussing the same questions.
The Nordic Race and Germ any
W ith regard to these racial problems in which such widespread interest is now being taken, Sir Grafton was asked where the Nordic race originated.
“It is widely believed,“ he said, “that the Nordic race sprang from the same ancestors as the M editerranean race of Sergi, and at a very rem ote period came into existence in the country that is now north of the B la ck Sea— somewhere betw een M oscow and the Ural Mountains.
“A t a very early period they spread W est.
The view, indeed, is still held that they really developed in Scandinavia, which was certainly one of the chief domains of the early members of the ra ce.“
“And did they spread to G erm any?“
“There was a great exchange of peoples betw een Scandinavia and Germany, as well as betw een Germany and Russia, and there is no doubt that the early population of Germany was largely Nordic. I think it highly probable, too, that the early speakers of the Aryan language w ere to be found in this early group of Nordic people.
Blumenbach's Skulls
“Alm ost the first man to discuss races of man
kind was the German anthropologist, Blumen- bach. That was in 1811.
“Blum enbach happened to have in his co l
lection certain skulls which came from the Cau
casus and revealed a very definite contrast to the Mongolian and Negro types. Hence he took this as a type of the inhabitants of Europe and called the race Caucasian.
“This action led to unfortunate confusion from the fa ct ¡that he ignored the com plexity of the European population, and in particular the consideration that three perfectly recognisable and distinct types of men are found in Europe—
the long-headed brunets of the M editerranean type, the round-headed and stockier people
known as the Alpine race, and the blond blu e
eyed people, now commonly known as Nordic.
“The Nordic people are so widely inter
mingled with other stocks that there is probably no population at present existing that can be accurately described as Nordic, and the evidence we have relating to the origin and early history of the race is so fragm entary that one is forced into speculation in attempting to reconstruct their early history.
First Definite Records
“The first definite evidence of people with fair hair, pale skin, and blue eyes is given, as I have pointed out in my book 'Human H istory,’ in c e r
tain pictures in an Egyptian temple of Seti the G reat, built in the 19th Dynasty, about 1300 B.C.
“In this temple at Abydos four varieties of mankind are represented. In addition to Egypt
ians there are Negroes from the South, Syrians from the East, and fair-haired, blue-eyed people from Libya, the North Coast of A frica.
“The Libyans present a striking contrast to all the others. W e cannot say what people of this type were doing in Libya in the thirteenth- century B.C.
“The pictures have another interest for us.
They are the first definite anthropological re cords made by man, or rather the earliest we know, to classify all the peoples the artist was acquainted with.“
The Aryan-speaking People
Sir Grafton was asked how the Aryan language originated!
“The first evidence we have of the rise of the Indo-European, or so-called Aryan, language com es,“ he said, “from Syria and Asia Minor in the fourteenth-century B.C.
“This and other evidence suggests that the language was introduced from the North. In fact, such scraps of information as we have point un
animously to the conclusion that both the Nordic people and Aryan speaking people come from the same region in what is now W estern Russia, and support the speculation that the earliest people to speak the Aryan language were fair- haired and blue-eyed people such as are now commonly known as Nordic. Such a people were the Achaeans, who are generally assumed to have come down into G reece from the North.
“The whole question,“ Sir Grafton added, “is one of great complexity, and it is very desirable that anthropologists should reach unanimity in answering it.“
All the W orld O ve r
Mrs. Henpeck (reading): “In some parts of China a man does not know his wife until after he is m arried.“
Mr, Henpeck (sadly): “Why China especially?“
Streifzüge durch die Grammatik
(Zur Ausmerzung von Fehlern, die immer wieder gemacht werden) II
Fast jedes W ort hat verschiedene Inhalte oder Bedeutungen. So wird z. B. „Bauer" gebraucht für: Käfig, Erbauer, Landmann; „Steu er“ für:
Steuerung, Abgabe. — Lernt man fremde W örter kennen, so hat man immer darauf zu achten, in w elcher Bedeutung man sie kennen gelernt hat;
man darf die Inhalte des fremden W ortes nicht gleich den Inhalten des entsprechenden mutter
sprachigen W ortes setzen. Eine Unmenge Fehler im Gebrauch fremder Sprachen rührt daher, daß man „wörtlich“, d. h. vom W o r t aus übersetzt, anstatt vom W ort i n h a 1 1 auszugehen, von der Bedeutung.
Nicht immer liegen die Bedeutungsinhalte der W örter so klar wie bei den oben genannten Beispielen. Es gibt W örter in der M uttersprache, deren verschiedene Bedeutungsinhalte dem Sprecher kaum zum Bewußtsein kommen, weil er sie gedankenlos-unbewußt zu verwenden ge
lernt hat. Eines dieser W örter ist z .B . „ s e i t “.
In den Sätzen: „Der Frem dsprachler erscheint seit O ktober 1924“ und „Der Frem dsprachler erscheint seit zehn Ja h re n “ deckt sich der B e deutungsinhalt des W ortes s e i t nicht! Das wird auch „w örtlich“ klar, wenn man im ersten Falle anstatt „seit“ die W örter „von . . . an“
benutzt. Man kann diese beiden im zweiten Falle nicht verwenden — ein augenscheinlicher B e weis dafür, daß „seit“ und „seit“ nicht dasselbe sind. Im ersten Falle datieren wir „von einem Zeitpunkt an , „seit einem Zeitpunkte“, im zwei- Len Falle haben wir einen Z e i t r a u m im Auge und können dann die W örter „von . . . an“ (an
English Proverbs
Anger dies quickly with a good man.
A burden which one chooses is not felt.
y others faults wise men correct their own.
Every shoe fits not every foot.
Hear one man before you answer; hear several before you decide.
Measures, not men, be your mark, ee that you tie so that you can untie,
ne rop of luck is b etter than a cask of wisdom.
t £ 8 T and his driver do not think alike.
e °& rages at the stone, not at him who throws it.
Alles lesen?
Ja , unbedingt! Denn ein Frem dsprachler-H eft ist keine Tageszeitung, und bei Überschlagen eines T extes könnten Sie gerade einen Ausdruck v er
fehlen, dessen Kenntnis Ihnen von Nutzen wäre.
Stelle deren wir leider auch von gebildeten Deutschen „von . . . ab “ — „ab" hören müssen) nicht verwenden.
Es dürfte nicht verwunderlich sein, wenn der Engländer für die beiden verschiedenen Bedeu
tungen des „seit“ zwei verschiedene W örter b e nutzt. W ir müssen uns also, wenn wir diese beiden englischen W örter richtig anwenden w ol
len, uns daran gewöhnen, ihre verschiedenen Bedeutungen auch bei der Verwendung des e i n e n W ortes „seit“ zu erkennen und zu sehen. Alsdann wird es uns keine Schw ierig
keiten machen, für „seit“ im erstgenannten B e i
spiel das englische „ s i n e e “ (seit einem Z eit
punkte), für „seit“ im zweitgenannten Beispiel das englische „f o r “ (seit einem Zeitraum) richtig zu verwenden. Man vergleiche in diesem Zusammenhange die im Ju lih eft gegebenen B e i
spiele!
W eitere Beispiele sind:
W ie lange sind Sie schon in D eutschland? — How long have you been in G erm any? I have been here for eight months, I have been here since Jan u ary 1.
E r ist schon lange krank. — He has been ill for a long time (for years), he has been ill since 1931.
W ie lange sind Sie schon in London? — How long have you been in London? — I have been in London since Easter, I have been in London for five months.
It has been known for the last three cen turies; it has been known since 1600 (es i s t b e
kannt s e i t ) .
Zu r Bildtext-Lektion Seite 143
Las vacaciones de verano (cont.)
I. El padre, en traje de baño (está sentado en una butaca plegable y lee una novela de Valera). — II. La madre escribe a sus amigos en postura algo incómoda. — III. Los niños construyen un castillo de arena. Usan un cubo y una pala. — IV. Tres cantantes ambulantes, dis
frazados de negros en su repertorio cómico. — V. El fotógrafo hace una foto a la familia. — V ia. Un pescador remienda su red. E stá fumando en pipa. — VIb. Un m a
rinero, con pierna de palo exam ina el horizonte con un anteojo. — VII. Un vapor se a ce rca al em barcadero. — VIII. Una m uchacha agita un pañuelo de fina batista des
pidiendo a unos pasajeros. — IX . Una m uchacha se pesa.
E sta metidita en carnes. — X . Un niño echa una perra gorda por la ab ertu ra del repartidor autom ático de bom
bones. — XI. Los niños miran pc-r la ventanilla del vagón.
Lanzan gritos de júbilo al ver la mar. — XII. E scena de
caza. Un elegante cazador, de punta en blanco, p rep arán
dose a la caza del zorro. E stá dando instrucciones al
mozo de cuadra. — XIII. Una merienda, un piscolabis en
familia. Dos señores y dos señoritas están sentados a lre
dedor de la cesta de provisiones. L a cesta contiene cuanto
pueda desearse para una buena merienda. Hay también
un infernillo de alcohol para h acer el té.
Material for Exercise
Printer's Error
“Look h ere,“ the poet gasped to the editor. “I wrote a poem about my little boy, and began the verse with the words, ‘My son, my pigmy*
counterpart'.“ “Y es,“ replied the editor. The poet drew a paper from his pocket. “R ead ,“ he blazed.* “See what your allfired* com positor*
has done.“ The editor read, “My son, my pig, my counterpart.“
pygmy: small, little — cou n terp art: person, forming natural complement to an oth er — blaze: proclaim as with trumpet fired: excited — com positor: ty p e-setter.
Her Mistake!
“W here was Nelson k illed ?“ asked the school teacher. “Trafalgar Squ are,“ replied the boy.
“Indeed!“ said the teach er sarcastically, “and I suppose Wellington was killed at W aterloo S ta tio n ?“ “No, ma’am ,“ the boy answered, “that was Napoleon you’re thinking of.“
His Best Customers
A tem perance lecturer was delighted one day to hear a publican say that he always preferred a teeto taller* to a moderate drinker, and asked him how he had arrived at that conclusion.
“W ell, it’s like this,“ said the publican, “a mo
derate drinker comes into my bar, orders a glass of beer, and sits for an hour or more reading my papers and blocking up the place; whereas a teeto taller just comes to the back door, orders a bottle of whisky, and is gone befo re* you can say k n ife!“
teeto taller: total abstainer — before you can say knife:
very quickly.
No Fit Com panion
M other: “Tommy, stop using such dreadful language.“
Tommy: “W ell, mother, Shakespeare uses it.“
M other: “Then don’t play with him; he’s no fit companion for you.“
O verdo in g It
The value of auto-suggestion as a cure is un
questionable, but it is possible to “over-do“ it.
A man consulted an expert about his bow-legs, and he was told to go to bed and say forty times, “My legs are straight; my legs are straight.“ This he did, but he was so anxious to get a p erfect cure that he said the words four hundred tim es; and when he got up he found he was knock-kned!
knock-knees: that knock together in walking — knock- kneed: having knock-knees.
Don't Swank!
An English lord was talking to an Am erican boy about his ancestors. “My grandfather was a very great man,“ he said. “One day Queen Victoria touched his shoulder with a sword, and made him a lord." “Aw, that's nothin’,“ the American boy replied. “One day, Red Wing, an Indian, touched my grandfather on the head with a tomahawk, and made him an angel.“
sw ank: show off, bluff — sword (sa:d) — tomahawk (tD'mahoik).
Unsuccessful
“I have told you a score of times, my lad, not to say ‘I have w e n t s a i d the village school
m aster to his most hopeless pupil. “Now will you stay in and write the correct expression a hundred tim es.“ A fter school Tommy set to work to scrawl his lines, and when he had finished he left them on the m aster's desk with a little note, “D ear teach er,“ it ran, “I have w r o t e 'I have gone' a hundred times, and now I have
t il
"English Conversation“
Mr. Carlsbad comes daily for an hour's English conversation. Being an unprofessional and an amateur, I do not know how a “pukka“ teacher starts, so I just sit back in my chair and say,
“W ell, Mr. Carlsbad, what have y o u been doing to-d ay ?" The result has been startling, and I have culled the following gems from Mr.
C.'s daily round.
On day he was late because he was “post
poned“ by the train. A t a lecture he could not
“under-press" a smile, and seated next to him at lunch was a man with "deep-situated eyes."
W hen a girl whom he had arranged to meet didn’t turn up he shrugged his shoulders and said, “I didn't trouble— a girl and a tram, they are the same, another comes alw ays!“
When tea was brought in I offered hime some cake. “No, thank you, M adam,“ was the reply.
“I must take care for my belly." A fter this he was always very careful to tap his stomach and say, "I was not well yesterday, I had a pain in what I mustn't m ention"— very pleased at re membering not to hurt the susceptibilities of
"you funny English."
But the pièce de résistance was contained in
a letter which he sent me to correct. “Your
English grates they are very nice, but they give
too much warmth to the frontside and leave in
coolness the reverse!“ So delicate!
Das Ausland in seiner Presse
England of To-day
Seen in London
Chump, the psychologist. He was standing near the Lake in the Park, gazing up into a tall tree.
A crowd of forty or fifty was gazing with him.
W hat are you looking for, Chump?“ I asked him, interested.
‘Herons," said Chump, briefly,
“But there aren't any herons up there, Chump. You can see there aren’t.“
“I know th at,“ said Chump.
“Then what on earth— “ I began. Chump cut me short.
“This,“ he said, is an experim ent in mass- psychology. There aren’t any herons in that tree, as you rightly point out. I know it, and the crowd knows it. B u t I'll bet you before w e’ve finished gazing somebody will se one.“
I went away thoughtful.
gaze: schauen; starren (stare) — heron (he’ran) [mhd.
heiger] R eiher — cut short: unterbrechen (interrupt) — point out: hinweisen auf (indicate) — bet: w etten.
M e r k e : he was standing (unvoll. Hdlg.) — gazing up i n t o a t a l l tree *— was gazing (unvoll. Hdlg.) — what are you looking fo r? — there aren 't any herons up there —- what on earth — cut short — i n th at tree — we ve finished gazing.
Youth Hostels
The Youth Hostels Movement is young in years but is rem arkably virile, and its progress sug
gests that it can now be regarded as an estab
lished British institution. It has now a member
ship of 27,905, an increase on the previous year of 65 per cent. Throughout the country there is now a chain of 180 hostels, of which 120 were open all through the winter, and at some of these the visits did not fall (below an average of seventy a week. This development of the w eek end holiday on foot is, the more striking in view of the continuous growth in the number of m otor-car owners. The hostel movement is well based. There is now a Hostels Trust, which may receive the property acquired by the regional groups, and the trust is in a position to receive legacies of money or property.
youth hostel (d-) Jugendherberge — virile (vi'rail) [frz.
viril, lt. vir = Mann] männlich; kräftig, stark — average (a-vsrid?) [frz, avarie; Havariekostenteilung] Durchschnitt tru st: Unternehmerring — region (i:1) Gegend, Region — legacy (e') [It, lego = ’ch verm ache; Legat] Vermächtnis (bequest) — p rop erty: Grundbesitz.
M e r k e : young in years — regard as — an increase on the previous y ear of — throughout the country — all through the w inter — a t some of these — below an average of ■ —. seventy a week < — on foot — the more — in view of •— growth in the number of — acquired by — to be in a position to ( + inf.).
British Films in the United States
It is not so long since it was hard to sell British films, even in this country. Now Mr. C. N. W oolf says that the pictures made by his company find ready m arkets all over Europe, that A frica and Australia clamour for them, and that progress is being made in Canada. Only in the United States, w here they have trouble in selling their own films, are the British products hardly known. A British sales manager is sailing to start coast-to-coast distribution of these films, which average twenty-five films a year. The first picture thus to benefit will be “Je w Süss,“
“Chu Chin Chow“ and “Man of A ran.“ In con
nection with the last-named film the two Aran islanders who have been appearing here with the film will go to the United States.
read y: aufnahm ebereit — clam our for (lt. clamo = ich rufe) verlangen — product (prD'dAkt) — average: durchschnitt
lich betragen — benefit: sich zunutze m achen (profit).
M e r k e : it is not so long since — in this country — the pictures made by — read y m arkets — all over Europe
— progress is being m ade (immer noch, unvoll, Hdlg,) — to have trouble in selling — hardly known — is sailing (entweder dabei, unvollendete Handlung, oder nahe Zu
kunft) — 25 films a year.
Diet
The British M edical Association at its annual conferences addresses itself more and more to the ear of the lay public outside. It always has something interesting and mostly reassuring to say to that anxious audience. The Bournemouth conference this year is no exception to the rule.
Professor Mottram, for instance, on the question of diet, which some “exp erts“ would make so difficult for us, was distinctly encouraging to the ordinary careless person who takes food as it comes and, if it is palatable, gives no thought to its bodily reactions. Professor Mottram, indeed, seemed almost to echo the words of an old music-hall song, “A little of what you fancy does you good.“ There should be no fads in diet, he said. A ll we need is an “all-round mixed diet containing dairy food, m arket garden produce, and food from the sea, combined with anything else for which one had a fancy.“ W hat could be easier or more pleasing?
diet (dai'at) Nahrung; Nährweise — lay (griech. laikos, laos = Volk) Laien- — reassure: beruhigen — anxious (ä'gk jas) ängstlich, besorgt — Bournemouth (bua'nmae^ — palatable: schm ackhaft; angenehm; annehmbar — bodily:
körperlich — reaction : Rückwirkung — echo (e'kou) w ie
derholen, nachsprechen — fancy: meinen, denken — fad (frz, fadaise, fade) Laune — dairy (däa-ri) M olkerei — produce (prD'dju:s) = products — fancy: Neigung (liking).
M e r k e : at its annual conferences — address o.s. to the e a r of — is no exception to the rule — for instance
— give no thought to — food from the sea — anything else for which one has a fancy (he s a i d . . . h a d a fancy).
135
Educational Films
A t present less than 10 per cent of Am erican schools make system atic use of the motion pic
ture for instruction. But the Am erican press is paying increasing attention to instructional films, that more and b etter films of the kind are being made, and that training colleges for teachers are beginning to offer courses in “visual instruction.“
Those in this country who believe that the film can render powerful aid to education will note that the difficulties in the United States are the same as here— the producers will not take the risk of making films of the kind until enough projectors are available to make production pro
fitable, and the firms who make projectors can not sell their apparatus because there is no comprehensive library of films available for their use. T h e remedy proposed is the formation of a Film Institute to assemble, catalogue, and make known to educational authorities the films suit
able for their purpose and to stimulate the pro
duction of others.
motion picture; lebendes Bild, Lichtspiel — training-col
lege: Lehrersem inar — visual: vor Augen stellend — render: leisten — aid: Hilfe (help); U nterstützung (assis
tance) — note: bem erken — p rojéctor: Lichtbildw erfer — available: verfügbar — apparatus (äparei’tas) G erät — com prehensive: umfassend — rém edy: H eilmittel; Abhilfe catalogue (kä'talog) verzeichnen — stim ulate: anreizen.
M e r k e : a t present — for instruction — is paying (immer noch) — pay attention to — are being made, are beginning to (nahe Zukunft) — in this country — render aid to -— take the risk of making — available for their use — the rem edy proposed — suitable for their purpose.
All Paris to Buy Gas Masks
G eneral measures for the defence of Paris against air attacks are outlined in a statem ent published by M. Langeron, the P refect of the Paris police.
As to shelters, it is not possible to build a sufficient number of them in a large city. The existing shelters in Paris and the suburbs have been registered, but they are insufficient to protect all the inhabitants, a certain number of whom will have to be driven b ack and dispersed (repliés et dispersés). These people will then, if necessary, have at their disposal rapidly con
structed trenches in the public gardens, which will be of the same value as some of the shelters inside buildings. Special precautions are to be taken for the protection of factories.
The purchase of gas masks of makes recog
nised by the S tate will be made compulsory, and manufacturers guilty of supplying defective masks will be liable to prosecution.
gas (gäs) — mask (ma:sk) — outline: skizzieren — s ta te m ent: D arstellung — p refect (prii'fekt) — police (polii's) shelter: Schutz(stelle) — suburb (s\'ba:b) V orstadt — tren ch: Graben, Laufgraben — precaution: V orsichtsm aß
regel — m ake: M achart — compulsory: zwingend; v e r
bindlich (obligatory) — guilty: schuldig — liable (lai'abl) unterw orfen — prosecution: Strafverfolgung.
M e r k e : published by — as to — a t one's disposal
— rapidly constructed trenches — inside buildings — special precautions are to be taken .— makes recognised by the S tate — guilty of . . . ing — liable to prosecution.
An Anti-W ar Fairy Tale
Plays which preach a lesson against war, or against anything else, are not generally popular in the theatre, chiefly because the sermon is mostly more in evidence than the drama. Few have the theatrical skill of a Brieux to thrill an audience as well as teach. It is the merit of “The Castle of S leep “ that it avoids the cruder methods of the anti-w ar propagandist in the theatre. Instead of fierce denunciation of the older generation or pictures of the horrors we may expect in future battles, the author, Miss A. B. Williams, preaches goodwill and peace by means of a fairy tale about a king and queen who are brought to see the folly of fighting for dominion.
The tale is told in poetic prose and will prob
ably be useful for a children's theatre.
an ti-w ar: kriegsgegnerisch — fairy-tale; M ärchen — p reach: predigen — sermon (sarman) Predigt — in evi
dence: hervortretend, bem erkbar — drama (drarm a) — skill: G eschicklichkeit — thrilL durchschauern — crude;
roh; unfertig; kunstlos — propagandist (propagä'ndistl — fierce: wild; heftig — denunciation; Anklage — lolly: T o r
heit, N arrheit — dominion: H errschaft (rule).
M e r k e : against anything else — to be in evidence
— to thrill an audience as well as teach — by means of
— brought to see — the folly of fighting.
I
The Teetotal Cocktail
Dame Louise M cllroy, who touched on the evils of the cocktail habit among young people when speaking at the Congress on Alcoholism on Tuesday, held that quite good cocktail could be made without alcohol— the Am ericans have books of recipes of non-alcoholic cocktails,—
and said that she wished some sort of campaign could be started to persuade young girls to abjure the alcoholic cocktail.
Then she told a story that surprised her London audience, who believed that the teashop was a London invention, of the lady who started the modern tearoom in Glasgow. The idea, she said, was a great success. Ladies shopping in town got into the habit of taking a cup of tea instead of a glass of sherry and port, and soon the tearoom spread over Glasgow and out over the rest of Scotland. She believed that there had never been a b etter tem perance movement than that initiated by the Glasgow tearoom.
te e to ta l (tii'toutal) [Dopplg, v, total] gänzlich enthaltsam ; alkoholfrei — evil (i:vl) [germ.] Übel — touch on: berüh
ren, streifen — hold th at: glauben, daß — recipe (re'sipi) [lt. nimm!] R ezept — abjure (äbd
3U
3') entsagen — shop
ping: Einkäufe machend — tem p eran ce: Mäßigkeit; E n t
haltsam keit (teetotalism ) — initiate: beginnen, einleiten, einführen.
M e r k e : touch on — among young people — when
speaking a t the Congress — on Tuesday — some sort
of campaign — b e l i e v e d that the teashop w a s —
ladies shopping in town (im D eutschen: Nebensatz) —
get into the habit of taking — a cup of tea — a glass of
sherry — out over the rest of Scotland — initiated by.
Alcoholism
The world-wide problem of alcoholism has been discussed this week at a conference in London m which a dozen countries were represented.
The introductory speeches indicated how various Governments have tried to control the problem, and it seemed to be agreed that the excessive consumption of alcohol was declining. Dame Louise M cllroy, however, told a less cheerful story about the increase of drinking among “bet
ter-class“ women in this country, chiefly due to the vogue of the cocktail. A paper by Dr. Baudel, of Nuremberg, showed how sensitively the figures of m ortality in various countries re
sponded to changes in drinking habits. When there had been a reduction in consumption of alcohol during the war m ortality had decreased;
it rose again as soon as the form er rate of con
sumption was restored. He, too, pointed to the large proportion of female alcoholism which, he said, was a peculiarity of this country.
alcoholism (ä'lkahalizm) — introductory: einleitend — n tea e: point out, show — con trol: bezwingen, meistern problem: Aufgabe — agreed: zugegeben — excessive:
übermäßig — consumption: Verbrauch — decline: abneh
men (decrease) — due to: veranlaßt durch — vogue (voug) inode; weite Verbreitung — Nuremberg (njurramboig) . . u/ ? ,e r^ — sensitive: empfindlich — m ortality (a1) Sterb- ic eit —- respond to: entsprechen; beeinflußt werden von — ra te : M a ß — restore: w iederherstellen (reestablish) point to: hinweisen auf — proportion: Umfang, Ausdeh- r » n?,.r*U male (fii'meil) weiblich — peculiarity (pikju:- lia'riti) Eigentümlichkeit.
M e r k e : the world-wide problem of — at a con- erence . was declining (im Abnehmen begriffen) — it s e e m e d to be agreed th at — w a s declining (Überein- s immung der Zeitform) — among b etter-class women — in this country chiefly due to — respond sensitively to.
President von Hindenburg
The death of President von Hindenburg has Germ any into mourning. The veteran ield-M arshal was a living embodiment of G er
man history: he had shared the hopes of gene
rations of Germans long passed away, as he shared the hopes of the Germ any of 1934. His death breaks a link with the past. But the N ational-Socialist conviction is that the destiny of the Reich has simply passed from the safe
keeping of President von Hindenburg into the safe-keeping of Adolf H itler. This was the key
note of Herr H itler's address to the Reichstag.
Herr Hitler Succeeds
Herr Hitler and his colleagues met the new situation with characteristic resolution. Before - G e r m a n people had an opportunity to ponder eir future the Government promulgated a law uniting the offices of President and Chancellor.
Herr Hitler becom es the supreme authority over 66,000,000 Germans, and there is no time limit.
In the plebiscite which has to be taken on August 19 the voting papers will put the ques
tion: “Do you, German man, and you, German woman, approve . . . ? “ and the answer must be
“Y es“ or “No.“ An overwhelming vote in favour of Herr 'Hitler is taken for granted.
Correspondents in Berlin
In fairness to the German Government it must be stated that no direct pressure of an unfair nature is made to influence newspaper co rres
pondents here or pressure brought to bear upon them. There is no censorship bureau and there is no interference with the transmission of the news they send. In this sense the attitude of the German Government towards the foreign press is exceedingly honest and open.
The Prince and a Boy Bather
The Prince of W ales left London by aeroplane on W ednesday in last w eek for L e Bourget and after a visit to the British Em bassy in Paris went on to Biarritz. He is expected to be away about three weeks, during which he will spend a quiet holiday at Biarritz.
A message from Biarritz says that the Prince of W ales when bathing there on Sunday went to the rescue of a child of 10 who had been swept out of his depth by a wave and saved him from drowning. The Prince made light of the incident and avoided both thanks and con
gratulations.
"In the Kilt"
Now that the Highland season is approaching, may I draw your attention to the wrong but prevalent use of the phrase “in k ilts?“ There are no grounds, linguistic, philological, tradi
tional, or social, for this abominable phrase, and no justification for it. The proper phrase is “in the k ilt,“ and every self-respecting Highlander uses this phrase and no other, whether he refers to an individual or to a regiment wearing this historic garb.
La France d’aujourd’hui
Nouvelles des lettres
Un concours pour la meilleure traduction ita lienne d'un poète français moderne a eu lieu à Venise, promu par la grande Exposition «Bien
nale», sous la présidence du comte Volpi di Misurata. Un prix a été décerné par le jury à M. Lionello Fiumi, l’écrivain bien connu à Paris, où il dirige la revue de culture franco-italienne:
«Dante», pour sa traduction d'un recueil de poèmes de Ju les Supervielle. Cinq traducteurs
concours: W e ttstreit — promouvoir: befördern; veran
stalten — décerner: zuerkennen, erteilen — égalem ent:
ont égalem ent rem porté des prix, avec des tra ductions de Verlaine, Rimbaud, Jam m es et Valéry. Le grand éditeur Mondadori, de Milan, réunira dans un volume toutes ces traductions, pour donner à l'Italie une idée de la poésie fran çaise moderne. Voilà une belle et noble initia
tive qui m érite d'être connue en France.
I
ebenfalls — rem porter: gewinnen (le prix) — éditeur:
H erausgeber, V erleger — initiative: Anregung.
M e r k e : un concours pour — avoir lieu — promu par — revue de culture — rem porter des prix — toutes ces traductions.
Feux d'artifice
Vichy a eu, pour son 14 juillet, un magnifique feu d'artifice. Le bey de Tunis et M. Peyrouton, résident de France, y assistaient, dans la tribune officielle. E t une foule considérable de baigneurs et de Vichyssois suivait avec intérêt les chutes d’étoiles et les gerbes de fusées.
Mais deux jeunes gens semblaient se plaire particulièrem ent à ce spectacle de lum ière: ils applaudissaient et criaient de joie aux plus belles pièces. Cet enthousiasme, d'ailleurs, devait être tout objectif et s'adressait sans doute à l'art de l'artificier plutôt qu’aux souvenirs historiques de la fête.
Car la prise de la Bastille n'a rien qui puisse ravir ces jeunes gens, descendus à Vichy sous le nom de princes de Bar, mais connus de quel
ques initiés sous leur véritable personnalité: les archiducs F é lix et Rudolph de Habsbourg, fils de l'em pereur Charles d'Autriche et de l'im pé
ratrice Zita.
résident; S tatth alter (in M arokko) — baigneur: Badegast chute: Fallen — gerbe: Garbe — fusée: R ak ete — a rti
ficier: Feu erw erker.
M e r k e : feu d'artifice — résident de F ran ce — dans la tribune officielle — avec in térêt — se plaire à — crier de joie — puisse(!) — sous le nom de — connu de.
La m ode du jour
Qui donc nierait que les artisans parisiens ne sont point gens d'à-propos? Leurs inven
tions, aussi ingénieuses qu'élégantes s'adap
tent exactem en t aux événements du jour.
On pouvait, en effet, pour la fête nationale, admirer sur la tête d'une élégante Parisienne un petit chapeau agrémenté d'un délicieux panache, constitué par trois plumes tricolores, frisées au petit fer, que joignait une garniture de strass figurant, en miniature, une «Bastille» nantie de ses tours et flanquée, à dextre, d'une colonne
nier: in A brede stellen — artisan: H andw erker — à pro
pos: zu gelegener Zeit — l’à-propos: der passende A ugen
blick — ingénieux: sinnreich, kunstreich — ad ap ter: an passen — s’ad ap ter: sich einfügen — agrém enter: v e r
zieren — délicieux: köstlich, lieblich — le panache: H elm busch, Federbusch^— friser: kräuseln, brennen — joindre:
verbinden — garniture: B esatz; Schmuck — strass: Straß (Glasfluß zu künstlichen Edelsteinen, so benannt nach dem Erfinder) — nantir de: versehen mit — nanti de: im Besitze von — à d e x tre : rechts — colonne: Säule —
supportant le Génie, cependant qu’à sénestre s'épanouissait — minuscule — un feu d'artifice complet, avec fusées, étoiles et tourbillons.
Les grands ancêtres avaient-ils pensé que tout cela se trouverait un jour réuni sur les che
veux oxygénés d'une de leurs petites-filles?
génie: Geist, Genius — à sénestre: links — s’épanouir:
sich entfalten — minuscule: sehr klein, winzig — fusée:
R ak ete — tourbillon: Strudel, W irbel — an cêtres: V or
eltern ; Vorfahren — oxygén er: Sauerstoff mitteilen.
M e r k e : gens d'à-propos — aussi . . . que . . . — en effet — agrém enté de — constitué par — friser au petit fer — en miniature — nanti de — flanqué de — feu d'artifice.
Les dernières volontés d'un joyeux drille Lille, 16 juillet. M. Léon Moreau, commandant la subdivision de sapeurs-pompiers de Wigne- hies, près d'Avesnes, fut, toute sa vie, un joyeux drille. Il mourut la semaine dernière, mais il avait auparavant dicté à ses amis le programme de ses obsèques.
Dimanche dernier, donc, et selon la volonté du disparu, on transporta son corps au cim etière sur le chariot de la moto-pompe. Mais là ne s'arrêtait pas la fantaisie du défunt. Il avait égalem ent demandé à ce que l'on dansât le soir de ses obsèques.
L a demande du mort put être exécu tée, car il y avait bal, le 15 juillet, à Wignéhies à l'o cca
sion de la fête nationale et ainsi tous les amis du lieutenant purent accom plir une de ses der
nières volontés.
volontés: Grillen, Launen — joyeux drille (dri:j) fröhlicher Geselle — com m ander; befehligen — subdivision: U n ter
abteilung — sapeur-pom pier: Feuerw ehrm ann — ob
sèques (opsä'k) Leichenbegängnis — disparu: verschie
den, verstorben — chariot: W agen — m oto-pom pe: M otor
pumpe — fantaisie: Grille, Laune; Einbildungskraft — défunt: V erstorbener — égalem ent: ebenfalls — demande:
Bitte — e x é cu te r: ausführen — accom plir: ausführen, erfüllen.
M e r k e : toute sa vie — la semaine dernière — dimanche dernier — selon la volonté de — au cim etière
— demander à ce que ( + subj.) — le soir — il y avait bal • — à l’occasion de — tous les amis.
Pour la conservation de la G rande Chartreuse
M. Doumergue a reçu de M. Chastenet, député de l’Isère, une lettre lui demandant d'intervenir pour que soit immédiatement restauré le monas
tère de la Grande-Chartreuse. Les travaux à effectuer coûteraient de 20 à 30 millions. Il fau
drait ensuite consacrer à l'entretien du couvent un demi-million par an. Le député socialiste de
mande que l’État prenne ces dépenses à son compte.
conservation: Erhaltung — la Grande C hartreuse (célèbre m onastère dans une vallée des Alpes, au cœ ur du massif de la G rande-Chartreuse) — ch artreu se: K artäuserkloster le départem ent de l’Isère doit son nom à la rivière qui le baigne — intervenir: sich ins Mittel legen — immédiat:
u n v e r z ü g lic h —
