Political Preferences
Preferencje polityczne
10/2015
Redakcja naukowa: Robert Alberski Zbigniew Widera Katowice 2015Rada Naukowa:
SURI GU KDE 5RPDQ %lFNHU 8QLZHUV\WHW 0LNRáDMD .RSHUQLND Z 7RUXQLX 3ROVND SURI GU KDE 7DGHXV] *RGOHZVNL 8QLZHUV\WHW 0LNRáDMD .RSHUQLND Z 7RUXQLX 3ROVND SURI GU KDE ,ZRQD -DNXERZVND%UDQLFND 8QLZHUV\WHW :DUV]DZVNL 3ROVND SURIGUKDE6ODYRPLU0DJiO8QLZHUV\WHWĞZ&\U\ODL0HWRGHJRZ7UQDZLH6áRZDFMD SURI GU KDE -R]HI 0DW~ã 8QLZHUV\WHW ĞZ &\U\OD L 0HWRGHJR Z 7UQDZLH 6áRZDFMD SURI GU KDE /LERU 3DYHUD :\ĪV]D 6]NRáD +DQGORZD 3UDJD &]HFK\ SURI GU KDE 'DQD3HWUDQRYi8QLZHUV\WHWĞZ&\U\ODL0HWRGHJRZ7UQDZLH6áRZDFMDSURIGUKDE 2OJD3URNRSHQNR6XPVNL8QLZHUV\WHW1DURGRZ\8NUDLQDSURIGUKDE7HUHVD6DVLĔVND.ODV 8QLZHUV\WHW -DJLHOORĔVNL Z .UDNRZLH 3ROVND SURI GU KDE -HU]\ 6LHOVNL 8QLZHUV\WHW 6]F]HFLĔVNL3ROVNDGU0DUFMDQQD$XJXVW\Q8QLZHUV\WHWZ+XOO$QJOLDSURI-DQD*DOHUD 0DW~ãRYi8QLZHUV\WHWĞZ&\U\ODL0HWRGHJRZ7UQDZLH6áRZDFMD .ROHJLXPUHGDNF\MQH GUKDE$JQLHV]ND7XUVND.DZDUHGDNWRUQDF]HOQD PJU0DFLHM0DUPRODVHNUHWDU] GUKDE5REHUW$OEHUVNLUHGDNWRUWHPDW\F]Q\V\VWHP\L]DFKRZDQLDZ\ERUF]H GUKDE'DQXWD3OHFNDSURI80.UHGDNWRUWHPDW\F]Q\LGHQW\¿NDFMHSROLW\F]QH GUKDEàXNDV]7RPF]DNUHGDNWRUWHPDW\F]Q\SDUWLHSROLW\F]QH GUKDE=ELJQLHZ:LGHUDSURI8(UHGDNWRUWHPDW\F]Q\PDUNHWLQJSROLW\F]Q\ GUKDE:DOGHPDU:RMWDVLNUHGDNWRUWHPDW\F]Q\V\VWHP\SDUW\MQH PJU3U]HP\VáDZ*U]RQNDUHGDNWRUVWDW\VW\F]Q\ 3URMHNWRNáDGNL-DURVáDZ:LFKXUD :HUVMDSLHUZRWQDF]DVRSLVPDSDSLHURZD 5HFHQ]HQFL
GU KDE $JQLHV]ND .DVLĔVND0HWU\ND SURI 8-. Z .LHOFDFK 8QLZHUV\WHW LP -DQD .RFKDQRZVNLHJRZ.LHOFDFKGUKDE0DFLHM'U]RQHN8QLZHUV\WHW6]F]HFLĔVNLGUKDE -DFHN6XU]\Q8QLZHUV\WHWĝOąVNLZ.DWRZLFDFKSURIGUKDE+DQD3UDYGRYi8QLZHUV\WHW ĞZ&\U\ODL0HWRGHJRZ7UQDZLH6áRZDFMDSURIGUKDEďXGPLODýiE\RYi8QLZHUV\WHW ĞZ&\U\ODL0HWRGHJRZ7UQDZLH6áRZDFMDGUKDE-XOLiQD0LQiULNRYi8QLZHUV\WHWĞZ &\U\ODL0HWRGHJRZ7UQDZLH6áRZDFMD &HQWUXP,QQRZDFML7UDQVIHUX7HFKQRORJLLL5R]ZRMX)XQGDFMD8QLZHUV\WHWXĝOąVNLHJR Katowice 2015
:\GDZFą F]DVRSLVPD MHVW ,QVW\WXW 1DXN 3ROLW\F]Q\FK L ']LHQQLNDUVWZD 8QLZHUV\WHWX ĝOąVNLHJRRUD]&HQWUXP,QQRZDFML7UDQVIHUX7HFKQRORJLLL5R]ZRMX)XQGDFMD8QLZHUV\WHWX ĝOąVNLHJR 3DWURQDWQDGSURMHNWHPVSUDZXMą3ROVNLH7RZDU]\VWZR1DXN3ROLW\F]Q\FKRUD]7RZDU]\VWZR ,QLFMDW\Z1DXNRZ\FK ISSN: 2083-327X 'UXN5(0$5ZZZUHPDUVRVQRZLHFSOHPDLOZ\GDZQLFWZR#UHPDUVRVQRZLHFSO
63,675(ģ&,
:VWĊS ... 7 Waldemar Wojtasik 8QLZHUV\WHWĝOąVNLZ.DWRZLFDFK3ROVND
3ROVNLZ\ERUFDZSHUVSHNW\ZLHPRGHOXJáRVRZDQLDUHWURVSHNW\ZQHJR ... 9 àXNDV]7RPF]DN8QLZHUV\WHW6]F]HFLĔVNL3ROVND :\ERUF\SROVNLFKSDUWLLSROLW\F]Q\FKZREHFSUREOHPXUR]ZDUVWZLHQLD VSRáHF]QHJR ... 23 $JQLHV]ND7XUVND.DZD8QLZHUV\WHWĝOąVNLZ.DWRZLFDFK3ROVND &]\QQLNJRVSRGDUF]\MDNRSUHG\NWRU]DFKRZDĔZ\ERUF]\FK ... 37 .DUROLQD7\EXFKRZVND+DUWOLĔVND8QLZHUV\WHW:DUPLĔVNR0D]XUVNL Z2OV]W\QLH3ROVND 3DUW\F\SDFMDSROLW\F]QDZ3ROVFH ... 51 5REHUW$OEHUVNL8QLZHUV\WHW:URFáDZVNL3ROVND
Danuta Plecka 8QLZHUV\WHW0LNRáDMD.RSHUQLNDZ7RUXQLX3ROVND
2E\ZDWHOVNLHNRPSHWHQFMHSROLW\F]QHDZ\EUDQHPRW\Z\SRGHMPRZDQLD GHF\]MLZ\ERUF]\FK ... 71 0DJGDOHQD0XVLDá.DUJ8QLZHUV\WHW$GDPD0LFNLHZLF]DZ3R]QDQLX3ROVND
*áRVRZDQLHHOHNWURQLF]QHMDNRDOWHUQDW\ZQDPHWRGDXF]HVWQLF]HQLD
ZZ\ERUDFKRSLQLH3RODNyZ ... 87 Maciej Marmola 8QLZHUV\WHWĝOąVNLZ.DWRZLFDFK3ROVND
6SRáHF]QHSRVWU]HJDQLHLQVW\WXFMLrecall i weta ludowego w warunkach
polskich ... 109 $JQLHV]NDàXNDVLN7XUHFND.DWROLFNL8QLZHUV\WHW/XEHOVNL-DQD3DZáD,,3ROVND
3RSDUFLHNDQG\GDWDSU]H]OLGHUDSDUWLLDGHF\]MHZ\ERUFyZ
Agata Olszanecka-Marmola 8QLZHUV\WHWĝOąVNLZ.DWRZLFDFK3ROVND 5HNODPDQHJDW\ZQDLZL]HUXQNRZDZRGELRU]HSROVNLHJRHOHNWRUDWX ... 133 7RPDV]2OF]\N8QLZHUV\WHW:DUV]DZVNL3ROVND 6LáDFHOHEU\WyZZNDPSDQLLZ\ERUF]HM ... 147 -DQLQD.RZDOLN8QLZHUV\WHW-DQD.RFKDQRZVNLHJRZ.LHOFDFK3ROVND 'HPRNUDFMDORNDOQDDLGHDRJUDQLF]HQLDOLF]E\NDGHQFMLZyMWyZEXUPLVWU]yZ SUH]\GHQWyZPLDVW ... 159 'RPLQLN6]F]HSDĔVNL8QLZHUV\WHW5]HV]RZVNL3ROVND :\EyURSFMLF]\RVRE\"'HWHUPLQDQW\]DFKRZDĔZ\ERUF]\FKPLHV]NDĔFyZ ZRMHZyG]WZDSRGNDUSDFNLHJRZZ\ERUDFKGR3DUODPHQWX(XURSHMVNLHJR ZUZĞZLHWOHEDGDĔHPSLU\F]Q\FK ... 177 Summaries ... 195
,QWURGXFWLRQ ... 7 Waldemar Wojtasik 8QLYHUVLW\RI6LOHVLDLQ.DWRZLFH3RODQG
3ROLVKYRWHULQWKHSHUVSHFWLYHRIUHWURVSHFWLYHYRWLQJPRGHO ... 9 àXNDV]7RPF]DN6]F]HFLQ8QLYHUVLW\3RODQG 3ROLVKSROLWLFDOSDUWLHVYRWHUVDQGVRFLDOVWUDWL¿FDWLRQSUREOHP ... 23 $JQLHV]ND7XUVND.DZD8QLYHUVLW\RI6LOHVLDLQ.DWRZLFH3RODQG (FRQRPLFIDFWRUDVDSUHGLFWRURIYRWLQJEHKDYLRXU ... 37 .DUROLQD7\EXFKRZVND+DUWOLĔVND8QLYHUVLW\RI:DUPLDDQG0D]XU\LQ 2OV]W\Q3RODQG 3ROLWLFDOSDUWLFLSDWLRQLQ3RODQG ... 51 5REHUW$OEHUVNL8QLYHUVLW\RI:URFáDZ3RODQG
Danuta Plecka 1LFRODXV&RSHUQLFXV8QLYHUVLW\LQ7RUXĔ3RODQG &LYLOSROLWLFDOFRPSHWHQF\DQGFKRVHQUHDVRQVZKHQWDNLQJ
electoral decisions ... 71 0DJGDOHQD0XVLDá.DUJ$GDP0LFNLHZLF]8QLYHUVLW\LQ3R]QDĔ3RODQG
(OHFWURQLFYRWLQJDVDQDOWHUQDWLYHPHWKRGRISDUWLFLSDWLRQLQWKHHOHFWLRQV± RSLQLRQVRI3ROHV ... 87 Maciej Marmola 8QLYHUVLW\RI6LOHVLDLQ.DWRZLFH3RODQG
7KHVRFLDOUHFHSWLRQRIUHFDOODQGSHRSOH¶VYHWRDPRQJ3ROLVKHOHFWRUDWH ... 109 $JQLHV]NDàXNDVLN7XUHFND7KH-RKQ3DXO,,&DWKROLF8QLYHUVLW\RI/XEOLQ 3RODQG
Support the candidate by the party leader and the decisions of voters.
(OHFWRUDOVWXG\ ... 121
Agata Olszanecka-Marmola 8QLYHUVLW\RI6LOHVLDLQ.DWRZLFH3RODQG 1HJDWLYHDQGYLVXDODGYHUWLVLQJLQWKHUHFHSWLRQRI3ROLVKHOHFWRUDWH ... 133 7RPDV]2OF]\N:DUVDZ8QLYHUVLW\3RODQG 7KHVWUHQJWKRIFHOHEULWLHVLQWKHHOHFWLRQFDPSDLJQ ... 147 -DQLQD.RZDOLN7KH-DQ.RFKDQRZVNL8QLYHUVLW\LQ.LHOFH3RODQG /RFDOGHPRFUDF\DQGWKHLGHDRIWHUPOLPLWVYRLWVPD\RUV ... 159 'RPLQLN6]F]HSDĔVNL8QLYHUVLW\RI5]HV]yZ3RODQG 6HOHFWLQJWKHSHUVRQ"'HWHUPLQDQWVRIYRWLQJEHKDYLRULQKDELWDQWVRIWKH 6XEFDUSDWKLDQ9RLYRGHVKLSLQHOHFWLRQVWRWKH(XURSHDQ3DUOLDPHQWLQ in the light of empirical research ... 177 Summaries ... 195
Ä3ROLWLFDO3UHIHUHQFHV´1R '2,P¿JVKDUH
0DFLHM0DUPROD
8QLZHUV\WHWģOĈVNLZ.DWRZLFDFK3ROVND632â(&=1(32675=(*$1,(,167<78&-,RECALL
,:(7$/8'2:(*2::$581.$&+32/6.,&+
Abstract:
7KH LQVWLWXWLRQV RI GLUHFW GHPRFUDF\ VHHP WR EH FUXFLDO IRU H൵HFWLYH IXQFWLRQLQJRISROLWLFDOV\VWHP7KHLQFOXVLRQRIFLWL]HQVLQGHFLVLRQPDNLQJ process ensures that political representatives remain accountable throughout their term and must be responsive to the wishes of the voters.
7KHHPSLULFDOUHVHDUFKFRQGXFWHGE\WKHDXWKRUSURYHVWKDWSUHYDOHQW SRUWLRQ RI HOHFWRUDWH H[SHFWV WKH LQWURGXFWLRQ RI UHFDOO DQG SHRSOH¶V YHWR WR 3ROLVKODZ7KHUHVXOWVRIDQDO\VLVFRQ¿UPWKHKLJKOHYHORIFLWL]HQV¶VXSSRUW IRULQVWLWXWLRQVRIGLUHFWGHPRFUDF\7KLVVXSSRUWLVDUWLFXODWHGE\DOOJURXSV RI3ROLVKHOHFWRUDWHUHJDUGOHVVRISDUW\D൶OLDWLRQDQGLGHRORJLFDOYLHZSRLQWV
Key words:
GLUHFWGHPRFUDF\UHFDOOSHRSOH¶VYHWRVRFLDOUHFHSWLRQ3ROLVKHOHFWRUDWHWprowadzenie
:RVWDWQLFKODWDFKZLGRF]Q\MHVWZ]URVW]DLQWHUHVRZDQLDLQVW\WXFMDPL GHPRNUDFML EH]SRĞUHGQLHM ]DUyZQR ]H VWURQ\ RE\ZDWHOL MDN L SDUWLL SROL W\F]Q\FK:ZLHOXSDĔVWZDFKGHPRNUDW\F]Q\FKQDVWĊSXMH]ZURWNXLVWQLHMąF\P UR]ZLą]DQLRP SR]ZDODMąF\P QD EH]SRĞUHGQLH GHF\GRZDQLH R NLHUXQNDFK polityki1ZQLHNWyU\FKSURZDG]RQDMHVWUyZQLHĪGHEDWDSXEOLF]QDGRW\F]ąFDUR]V]HU]HQLD NDWDORJX IRUP GHPRNUDFML EH]SRĞUHGQLHM 1DMOHSV]\ SU]\NáDG WDNLHJR VWDQX U]HF]\ VWDQRZL SRP\Vá ZSURZDG]HQLD LQVW\WXFML recall propo QRZDQ\SU]H]WU]\JáyZQHSDUWLHSROLW\F]QHZNROHEFHZVSyáF]HVQHMGHPRNUDFML ±:LHONLHM%U\WDQLL2.
1 1D Z]URVW Z\NRU]\VW\ZDQLD LQVW\WXFML GHPRNUDFML EH]SRĞUHGQLHM ZVND]XMą GDQH ]HEUDQH SU]H]7KH,QWHUQDWLRQDO,QVWLWXWHIRU'HPRFUDF\DQG(OHFWRUDO$VVLVWDQFH>Direct Democracy@ 2 3U]HG Z\ERUDPL SDUODPHQWDUQ\PL Z URNX ZV]\VWNLH WU]\ JáyZQH SDUWLH
DĂĐŝĞũDĂƌŵŽůĂ
3RGREQHWHQGHQFMHREVHUZRZDQHVąZZDUXQNDFKSROVNLFKJG]LHFRUD] F]ĊĞFLHMRE\ZDWHOHZ\NRU]\VWXMąPRĪOLZRĞüGHF\GRZDQLDRNLHUXQNDFKSROLW\NL QDSR]LRPLHORNDOQ\P3RQDGWRMDNZVND]XMąEDGDQLDHPSLU\F]QHZLĊNV]RĞü SROVNLHJR HOHNWRUDWX SRSLHUD Z]PRFQLHQLH SDUW\F\SDFML Z GHF\]MDFK SROL W\F]Q\FKSRSU]H]GRVWĊSQHLQVW\WXFMHGHPRNUDFMLEH]SRĞUHGQLHMRUD]ZSURZD G]HQLHEXGĪHWXRE\ZDWHOVNLHJRQDSR]LRPLHMHGQRVWHNVDPRU]ąGXWHU\WRULDOQHJR >7\EXFKRZVND+DUWOLĔVND @ 2F]HNLZDQLD ]ZLą]DQH ] V]HUV]\P ZáąF]HQLHP RE\ZDWHOL Z SURFHV SROLW\F]Q\ ZSá\ZDMą WDNĪH QD SU]HPLDQ\ QD SROVNLHMVFHQLHSROLW\F]QHMRF]\PĞZLDGF]ąPLQSRZVWDQLHSDUWLL'HPRNUDFMD %H]SRĞUHGQLD F]\ SRVWXODW\ 3 .XNL]D L LFK UH]RQRZDQLH VSRáHF]QH SRWZLHU G]RQHZ\VRNLPSRSDUFLHPZ\ERUF]\PZWHJRURF]QHMHOHNFMLSUH]\GHQFNLHM
&HOHPDUW\NXáXMHVWVSUDZG]HQLHVSRáHF]QHJRRGELRUXZSURZDG]HQLDGR SROVNLHJRSRU]ąGNXSUDZQHJRGZyFKIRUPGHPRNUDFMLEH]SRĞUHGQLHMPRĪOL ZRĞFL RE\ZDWHOVNLHJR RGZRáDQLD ZV]\VWNLFK RUJDQyZ SU]HGVWDZLFLHOVNLFK REVDG]RQ\FKZZ\ERUDFKSRZV]HFKQ\FKRUD]EORNRZDQLDXVWDZXFKZDORQ\FK SU]H]SDUODPHQW:REXSU]\SDGNDFKQLHSU]HGVWDZLRQRIRUPDOQHMSURFHGXU\ UHFHSFMLW\FKLQVW\WXFMLGRSROVNLHJRV\VWHPXSUDZQHJRSURV]ąFMHG\QLHRXVWR VXQNRZDQLHVLĊGRVDPHJRIDNWXLFKHZHQWXDOQHJRZSURZDG]HQLD
,QVW\WXFMDRGZRáDQLDLZHWROXGRZH±WHRULDLSUDNW\NDSROLW\F]QD
,VWRWDLQVW\WXFMLRGZRáDQLD3 (recallSROHJDQDXVXQLĊFLXSU]HGXSá\ZHP NDGHQFMLIXQNFMRQDULXV]DSXEOLF]QHJR]HVWDQRZLVNDREVDG]RQHJRZZ\ERUDFK SRZV]HFKQ\FK4 >=LPPHUPDQ @ 7\P VDP\P recall MDN VáXV]QLH ZVND]XMHàXNDV]-DNXELDN>@VWDQRZLRGZUyFHQLHORJLNLDNWXZ\ERU F]HJRXSUDZQLDMąFZ\ERUFyZGRGRNRQDQLD]PLDQSHUVRQDOQ\FKQDVWDQRZL VNDFKSXEOLF]Q\FKZWUDNFLHWUZDQLDNDGHQFML 1LHNWyU]\EDGDF]HXZDĪDMąĪHNRU]HQLZVSyáF]HVQHMLQVW\WXFMLRGZRáDQLD PRĪQD GRV]XNLZDü VLĊ MXĪ Z RMF]\ĨQLH GHPRNUDFML EH]SRĞUHGQLHM ± VWDUR Ī\WQ\P5]\PLHSU]\ZRáXMąFSU]\NáDGXVXQLĊFLD0DUND2NWDZLXV]D]NROHJLXP WU\EXQyZZURNXSQH>$EERWW@2EHFQDNRQVWUXNFMDSURFHGXU\recall RGZRáXMH VLĊ GR Z]RUFyZ V]ZDMFDUVNLFK L EU\W\MVNLFK >7ZROH\ @ Z=MHGQRF]RQ\P.UyOHVWZLH]DZDUá\ZVZRLFKSURJUDPDFKSRVWXODWZSURZDG]HQLDSUDZD RGZRáDQLDZVWRVXQNXGRF]áRQNyZSDUODPHQWX>=LPPHUPDQ;,,@
3 : QLQLHMV]\P DUW\NXOH WHUPLQ\ recall L RGZRáDQLH VWRVRZDQH EĊGą ]DPLHQQLH 1DOHĪ\ SRGNUHĞOLü RGUĊEQRĞü WHM LQVW\WXFML RG SURFHGHU\ LPSHDFKPHQWX NWyUD UyZQLHĪ PRĪH GRSURZDG]LüGRXVXQLĊFLDIXQNFMRQDULXV]DSXEOLF]QHJR]XU]ĊGXMHGQDNZW\PSU]\SDGNX VWDQRZL IRUPĊ HJ]HNZRZDQLD RGSRZLHG]LDOQRĞFL NRQVW\WXF\MQHM L MHVW LQLFMRZDQD SU]H] SDUODPHQWEąGĨLQQ\RUJDQOHJLVODF\MQ\>0XVLDá.DUJ@
4 ,QVW\WXFMDRGZRáDQLDQLHPXVLE\üNRQLHF]QLH]ZLą]DQD]HOHNF\MQ\PFKDUDNWHUHPXU]ĊGX :3HUXRUD]ZQLHNWyU\FKVWDQDFK86$GRSXV]F]DOQHMHVWUyZQLHĪRGZRáDQLHXU]ĊGQLNyZ GHOHJRZDQ\FKSU]H]ZáDG]HFHQWUDOQHUHJLRQDOQHLORNDOQH>Direct Democracy@
^ƉŽųĞĐnjŶĞƉŽƐƚƌnjĞŐĂŶŝĞŝŶƐƚLJƚƵĐũŝrecall i weta ludowego ǁǁĂƌƵŶŬĂĐŚƉŽůƐŬŝĐŚ
-HGQ\P]NUDMyZZNWyU\PQDMV]\EFLHMQDVWąSLáDLPSOHPHQWDFMDWHJRUR]ZLą]DQLD Vą6WDQ\=MHGQRF]RQH:SURZDG]HQLHrecallQDJUXQFLHDPHU\NDĔVNLPQDVWąSLáR Z URNX NLHG\ WR XQRUPRZDQR SURFHGXUĊ RGZRáDQLD Z NDUFLH PLHMVNLHM /RV$QJHOHV:NROHMQ\FKODWDFKUR]ZLą]DQLHWRSU]\MĊá\WDNĪHLQQHNDOLIRUQLMVNLH PLDVWD>&URQLQ@5HFHSFMDLQVW\WXFMLrecall w odniesieniu do mandata ULXV]\VWDQRZ\FKQDVWąSLáDZURNXZUD]]MHMZSURZDG]HQLHPZVWDQLH2UHJRQ 'RURNXSRGREQHSU]HSLV\SU]\MĊWRZLQQ\FKVWDQDFK52EHFQLHLQVW\WXFMDWD
ZRGQLHVLHQLXGRIXQNFMRQDULXV]\ORNDOQ\FKLVWDQRZ\FKRERZLą]XMHZVWDQDFK >-DNXELDN@RSUyF]WHJRZLQQ\FKGRSXV]F]DOQHMHVWRGZRáDQLHPDQGD WDULXV]D QD SR]LRPLH ORNDOQ\P >=LPPHUPDQ @ &KDUDNWHU\VW\F]QH GOD PRGHOXSU]\MĊWHJRZ6WDQDFK=MHGQRF]RQ\FKVąEDUG]RQLHZLHONLHRJUDQLF]HQLD SRGPLRWRZHZ]DNUHVLHLQVW\WXFMLRGZRáDQLD:SUDNW\FHPRĪQDSR]EDZLü mandatu ]DUyZQRF]áRQNyZOHJLVODW\Z\HJ]HNXW\Z\MDNLZáDG]\VąGRZQLF]HM1LHLVWQLHMą
UyZQLHĪZLĊNV]HRJUDQLF]HQLDMHĞOLFKRG]LRFKDUDNWHUSLDVWRZDQHJRVWDQRZLVND 3URFHGXUD recall PRĪH ]RVWDü ZV]F]ĊWD QLH W\ONR Z SU]\SDGNX Z\ELHUDOQ\FK XU]ĊGQLNyZQLĪV]HJRV]F]HEODDOHUyZQLHĪJXEHUQDWRUD7F]\F]áRQNyZOHJLVODWXU
stanowych80LPRWDNV]HURNLHJR]DNUHVXSRGPLRWRZHJRLQVW\WXFMDrecall nigdy
QLH]QDOD]áD]DVWRVRZDQLDZREHFF]áRQNyZ.RQJUHVX9.
:]GHF\GRZDQHMZLĊNV]RĞFLSDĔVWZLQVW\WXFMDRGZRáDQLDLVWQLHMHW\ONR QDSR]LRPLHORNDOQ\PU]DGNR]QDMGXMHRQD]DVWRVRZDQLHQDV]F]HEOXRJyOQR NUDMRZ\P101DMV]HUV]\NUąJSRGPLRWyZSRGOHJDMąF\FKSURFHGXU]HRGZRáDQLD
5 0RĪOLZRĞü RGZRáDQLD PDQGDWDULXV]\ V]F]HEOD VWDQRZHJR GRSXĞFLá\ ZyZF]DV .DOLIRUQLD ZU$UL]RQD.RORUDGR1HZDGD:DV]\QJWRQZV]\VWNLHZU0LFKLJDQZU .DQVDVL/XL]MDQDZURUD]3yáQRFQD'DNRWDZU>-DNXELDN@
0LPR]DVWU]HĪHĔQDWXU\SUDZQHMSUDNW\NDSROLW\F]QDSRND]XMHĪHSU]HQLHVLHQLHLQVW\WXFMLrecall QDZáDG]ĊVąGRZQLF]ąQLHQDUXV]D]DVDG\QLH]DZLVáRĞFLVĊG]LRZVNLHM'RNRĔFD;;ZLHNXW\ONR MHGHQUD]]DQRWRZDQRVNXWHF]Q\SU]\SDGHNRGZRáDQLDVĊG]LHJR>=ZLHU]FKRZVNL@ 7 : DPHU\NDĔVNLHM SUDNW\FH SROLW\F]QHM MHG\QLH GZXNURWQLH GRFKRG]LáR GR RGZRáDQLD
QDMZ\ĪV]HJR XU]ĊGQLND VWDQRZHJR : URNX Z WHQ VSRVyE SR]EDZLRQR XU]ĊGX JXEHUQDWRUD/\QQD-)UD]LHUD]3yáQRFQHM'DNRW\DZURNX]DVSUDZąSURFHGXU\
recall]HVWDQRZLVNDXVXQLĊW\]RVWDáJXEHUQDWRU.DOLIRUQLL*UH\'DYLV>-DNXELDN@
8 3URFHGXUĊ recall Z]JOĊGHP F]áRQNyZ OHJLVODWXU VWDQRZ\FK ZV]F]\QDQR GR WHM SRU\ UD]\F]DVHPREHMPRZDáDRQDNLONXPDQGDWDULXV]\UyZQRF]HĞQLHZNWyU\FKRGZRáDQR VWDQRZ\FKSU]HGVWDZLFLHOL:DUW\PSRGNUHĞOHQLDMHVWIDNWĪHZRVWDWQLPSLĊFLROHFLX QDVWąSLáR]QDF]QHQDVLOHQLHLQLFMDW\ZZW\P]DNUHVLH>5HFDOORI6WDWH2৽FLDOV@
9 -HG\Q\PVWDQHPNWyU\ZVZHMNRQVW\WXFMLH[SUHVVLVYHUELVGRSXV]F]DRGZRáDQLHUHSUH]HQWDQWyZ Z.RQJUHVLH86$MHVW1HZ-HUVH\0RĪOLZRĞüXVXQLĊFLDZV]\VWNLFKXU]ĊGQLNyZSHáQLąF\FK XU]ąG ] Z\ERUX ]DZLHUD WDNĪH NRQVW\WXFMD VWDQX :LVFRQVLQ 0LPR WHJR Z GRNWU\QLH DPHU\NDĔVNLHMGRPLQXMHSRJOąGĪHQDZHWZSU]\SDGNXSU]HJáRVRZDQLDZQLRVNXRRGZRáDQLH NRQJUHVPHQDSU]H]VWDQRZ\HOHNWRUDWEH]VWRVRZQHMSRSUDZNLGRNRQVW\WXFMLIHGHUDOQHMZ\QLN WDNLHJRJáRVRZDQLDQLHE\áE\ZLąĪąF\>=ZLHU]FKRZVNL@
10 :HGáXJGDQ\FK7KH,QWHUQDWLRQDO,QVWLWXWHIRU'HPRFUDF\DQG(OHFWRUDO$VVLVWDQFHMHG\QLH SDĔVWZ ]DZDUáR Z VZRLFK XVWDZDFK ]DVDGQLF]\FK PRĪOLZRĞü VWRVRZDQLD LQVW\WXFML RGZRáDQLD Z]JOĊGHP XU]ĊGQLNyZ VSUDZXMąF\FK PDQGDW\ Z RUJDQDFK FHQWUDOQ\FK 6ą WR
DĂĐŝĞũDĂƌŵŽůĂ
XQRUPRZDQ\MHVWZNRQVW\WXFMDFKNUDMyZ$PHU\NLàDFLĔVNLHM:SU]\SDGNX :HQH]XHOLZURNXRE\ZDWHOHGRSURZDG]LOLQDZHWGRJáRVRZDQLDQDGRGZR áDQLHPSUH]\GHQWD+XJR&KiYH]DOHF]PLPR]HEUDQLDSU]HV]áRPLOLRQD SRGSLVyZZRVWDWHF]QRĞFLLQLFMDW\ZDRND]DáDVLĊQLHVNXWHF]QD11.
: SROVNLP SRU]ąGNX SUDZQ\P UyZQLHĪ LVWQLHMH LQVW\WXFMD SR]ZDODMąFD QDRGZRáDQLHSU]H]RE\ZDWHOLRUJDQXREVDG]DQHJRZZ\ERUDFKSRZV]HFKQ\FK 7DNą PRĪOLZRĞü RIHUXMH UHIHUHQGXP Z VSUDZLH RGZRáDQLD RUJDQyZ MHGQRVWHN VDPRU]ąGXWHU\WRULDOQHJRXQRUPRZDQHZXVWDZLH]GQLDZU]HĞQLDURNX R UHIHUHQGXP ORNDOQ\P ']8 1U SR] ]H ]P: ZDUXQNDFK SROVNLFKWHUPLQÄUHIHUHQGXPORNDOQH´]RVWDáXĪ\W\SU]H]XVWDZRGDZFĊZVSRVyE V]HURNL REHMPXMąF\ VZ\P ]DVLĊJLHP ]DUyZQR ZVSyOQRW\ ORNDOQH JPLQQH LSRZLDWRZHMDNLUHJLRQDOQHZRMHZyG]NLH>2OHMQLF]DN6]DáRZVND@ =WHJRZ]JOĊGXMHJR]DNUHVSRGPLRWRZ\REHMPXMHQDVWĊSXMąFHRUJDQ\ZyMWyZ EXUPLVWU]yZ SUH]\GHQWyZ PLDVW UDG\ JPLQQH PLHMVNLH UDG\ SRZLDWyZ L VHMPLNL ZRMHZyG]WZD 5HIHUHQGXP Z SU]\SDGNX RUJDQyZ VWDQRZLąF\FK VDPRU]ąGXPDZ\PLDUNROHNW\ZQ\RGZRáDQLHQDVWĊSXMHLQJUHPLRFRVWDQRZL VWRVXQNRZR U]DGNLH UR]ZLą]DQLH12 : REHFQ\P VWDQLH SUDZQ\P ]DLQLFMRZDQLH
UHIHUHQGXPZVSUDZLHRGZRáDQLDRUJDQXVDPRU]ąGXZ\PDJD]HEUDQLDSRGSLVyZ ZSU]\SDGNXJPLQLSRZLDWyZRUD]QDSR]LRPLHZRMHZyG]WZPLHV] NDĔFyZXSUDZQLRQ\FKGRJáRVRZDQLD6NXWHF]QRĞüUHIHUHQGXPX]DOHĪQLRQDMHVW QDWRPLDVW RG IUHNZHQFML Z\ERUF]HM Z WUDNFLH Z\ERUX RGZRá\ZDQHJR RUJDQX NWyUDSRZLQQDRVLąJQąüFRQDMPQLHMOLF]E\RVyEELRUąF\FKXG]LDáZWHMHOHNFML 'RGDWNRZRXVWDZRGDZFDZSURZDG]LáRERVWU]HQLDF]DVRZH]DEUDQLDMąFRUJDQL ]DFMLUHIHUHQGXPRGZRáDZF]HJRPLHVLĊF\RGGQLDZ\ERUyZOXERVWDWQLHJRUHIH UHQGXPZWHMVSUDZLHRUD]JG\GRXSá\ZXNDGHQFMLSR]RVWDáRPQLHMQLĪPLHVLĊF\ =HZ]JOĊGXQDUHVWU\NW\ZQHZDUXQNLVNXWHF]QRĞFLUHIHUHQGXPORNDOQH Z VSUDZLH RGZRáDQLD RUJDQyZ VDPRU]ąGX QLH VWDQRZL VNXWHF]QHJR PHFKD QL]PXNRQWUROLVSRáHF]QHMQDGSRF]\QDQLDPLZáDG]ORNDOQ\FK:WUDNFLHV]HĞFLX NDGHQFMLIXQNFMRQRZDQLDSROVNLHJRVDPRU]ąGXWHU\WRULDOQHJRRGVHWHNLQLFMDW\Z NWyUH GRSURZDG]Lá\ GR RGZRáDQLD SLDVWXQyZ XU]ĊGyZ SXEOLF]Q\FK RVF\ORZDá PLĊG]\ODWDDNDGHQFMDàąF]QLHZFLąJX üZLHUüZLHF]DRGUHVW\WXFMLVDPRU]ąGXWHU\WRULDOQHJRMHG\QLH]UHIHUHQGyZ VNXWNRZDáRRGZRáDQLHPRUJDQXSU]HGVWDZLFLHOVNLHJR>0DUPROD@
%LDáRUXĞ%ROLZLD(NZDGRU(WLRSLD.LUJL]MD.LULEDWL.ROXPELD/LHFKWHQVWHLQ0LNURQH]MD 1LJHULD3DODX6RPDOLD7DMZDQ8JDQGDRUD]:HQH]XHOD>Direct democracy @ 11 : URNX SRGREQH JáRVRZDQLH SU]HSURZDG]RQR UyZQLHĪ Z %ROLZLL MHGQDN Z W\P
SU]\SDGNXLQLFMDWRUHPSURFHGXU\E\áDGUXJDL]EDSDUODPHQWX2VWDWHF]QLHSUH]\GHQW(YR 0RUDOHVSR]RVWDáQDVWDQRZLVNX>-DNXELDN@
12 -HVW WR ]UHV]Wą ]DSU]HF]HQLH ÄWUDG\F\MQHM´ LQVW\WXFML recall NWyUD MDN ZVND]XMH 3DZHá 8]LĊEáR>@ÄQLHPDFKDUDNWHUX]ELRURZHJRDNRQNUHWQRLQG\ZLGXDOQ\]ZLą]DQ\ ]RFHQąSRV]F]HJyOQ\FKUHSUH]HQWDQWyZ´
^ƉŽųĞĐnjŶĞƉŽƐƚƌnjĞŐĂŶŝĞŝŶƐƚLJƚƵĐũŝrecall i weta ludowego ǁǁĂƌƵŶŬĂĐŚƉŽůƐŬŝĐŚ -HV]F]HU]DGV]DZHZVSyáF]HVQHMSUDNW\FHSROLW\F]QHMMHVWLQVW\WXFMDZHWD OXGRZHJRNWyUDVSURZDG]DVLĊGRÄSUDZDRNUHĞORQHMOLF]ERZRJUXS\RVyEZFKR G]ąF\FKZVNáDG]ELRURZHJRSRGPLRWXVXZHUHQQRĞFLGRZ\UDĪHQLDVSU]HFLZX ZREHFXFKZDORQHJRQDMF]ĊĞFLHMSU]H]SDUODPHQWDNWXQRUPDW\ZQHJR´>8]LĊEáR @2EHFQLHZ(XURSLHLQVW\WXFMDWDPDVZRMH]DVWRVRZDQLHZGZyFK SDĔVWZDFK6]ZDMFDULDL:áRFK\3RQDGWRZHWROXGRZHGRSXV]F]DMąSRU]ąGNL SUDZQHNLONXLQQ\FKSDĔVWZPLQ.ROXPELL3HUX8UXJZDMXF]\:HQH]XHOL RUD]NRQVW\WXFMHNLONXQDVWXVWDQyZZ86$>-DEáRĔVNL@3RGVWDZRZ\PFHOHP WHMLQVW\WXFMLGHPRNUDFMLEH]SRĞUHGQLHMMHVWRFKURQDRE\ZDWHOLSU]HGQDU]XFHQLHP LPSU]H]ZáDG]HSXEOLF]QHSUDZLRERZLą]NyZNWyUHQLHSRVLDGDMąLFKDSUREDW\ =WHJRZ]JOĊGXZHWROXGRZHVWDQRZL]]DáRĪHQLDĞURGHNQHJDW\ZQ\ZSURFHVLH NV]WDáWRZDQLD XVWDZRGDZVWZD ]DSRELHJDMąF\ ZHMĞFLX Z Ī\FLH QLHFKFLDQ\FK XVWDZ>6DUQHFNL@,QVW\WXFMDWDPRĪHSU]\MPRZDüGZLHIRUP\ZVWU]\ PDQLDZHMĞFLDZĪ\FLHDNWXSUDZQHJRDQDVWĊSQLHUR]VWU]\JQLĊFLHMHJRORVyZ w trakcie referendum EąGĨ WHĪ UHIHUHQGXP DEURJDF\MQHJR : W\P GUXJLP SU]\SDGNXJáRVRZDQLHGRW\F]\DNWXNWyU\ZV]HGáMXĪZĪ\FLHDRE\ZDWHOHPRJą ]GHF\GRZDüZUHIHUHQGXPRXWUDFLHSU]H]QLHJRPRF\RERZLą]XMąFHM1LHPQLHM VNXWNLSUDZQH]ZLą]DQH]LVWQLHQLHPGHURJRZDQHJRDNWXSRZVWDáHZF]DVLHMHJR RERZLą]\ZDQLDVąZSHáQLOHJDOQH>8]LĊEáR@
,QVW\WXFMDRGZRáDQLDLZHWROXGRZHZEDGDQLDFKHPSLU\F]Q\FK
:WUDNFLHSU]HSURZDG]RQ\FKEDGDĔZSLHUZV]HMNROHMQRĞFL]GLDJQR]RZDQR VSRáHF]Q\ RGELyU PRĪOLZRĞFL LPSOHPHQWDFML LQVW\WXFML RGZRáDQLD ZV]\VWNLFK Z\ELHUDOQ\FK RUJDQyZ SU]HGVWDZLFLHOVNLFK SUH]\GHQWD SRVáyZ VHQDWRUyZ UDGQ\FKZyMWyZEXUPLVWU]yZLSUH]\GHQWyZPLDVW$QDOL]DZ\QLNyZZRGQLH VLHQLXGRHOHNWRUDWyZSDUW\MQ\FKZZ\ERUDFKGR3(WDEHODZ\ND]DáDĪH]GHF\ GRZDQDZLĊNV]RĞüSROVNLFKRE\ZDWHOLZ\UDĪDSRSDUFLHGODWDNLHJRUR]ZLą]DQLD 5H]XOWDWWHQPRĪHE\üVSRZRGRZDQ\SRZV]HFKQ\PQLH]DGRZROHQLHP]HVSRVREX IXQNFMRQRZDQLD LQVW\WXFML SXEOLF]Q\FK QD SR]LRPLH SDĔVWZD Z V]F]HJyOQRĞFL SDUODPHQWX >&%26 @ RUD] QLVNLP SRF]XFLHP SROLW\F]QHJR VSUDZVWZD DFR]W\P]ZLą]DQHVáDEąVSRáHF]QąNRQWUROąVIHU\SROLW\NL1DMZ\ĪV]\RGVHWHN ]ZROHQQLNyZ SRGPLRWRZHJR UR]V]HU]HQLD LQVW\WXFML RGZRáDQLD QD ZV]\VWNLH RUJDQ\ Z\EUDQH Z VSRVyE EH]SRĞUHGQL ]DREVHUZRZDQR ZĞUyG HOHNWRUDWX XJUX SRZDQLD -DQXV]D .RUZLQ0LNNHJR RUD] LQQ\FK SDUWLL JáyZQLH JáRVXMąF\ QD 3ROVNĊ5D]HP6ROLGDUQą3ROVNĊ(XURSĊ7ZyM5XFK:JUXSDFKW\FKZVSRVyE ]GHF\GRZDQ\WDNLHUR]ZLą]DQLHSRSLHUDRGSRZLHGQLRLZ\ERUFyZ :\QLNWHQQLHVWDQRZL]DVNRF]HQLDJG\ĪXJUXSRZDQLDWHZGXĪHMPLHU]HVNXSLDMą HOHNWRUDWDQW\V\VWHPRZ\LQLHU]DGNRSU]\QDMPQLHMQDJUXQFLHGHNODUDFMLSRGNUH ĞODMąNRQLHF]QRĞü]PLDQLUR]OLF]HQLDGRW\FKF]DVRZ\FKHOLWSDUWLLUHOHZDQWQ\FKDĂĐŝĞũDĂƌŵŽůĂ
6WRVXQNRZR GXĪH SRSDUFLH GOD ZSURZDG]HQLD LQVW\WXFML recall na ZV]\VWNLFK V]F]HEODFK SROLW\NL Z\UDĪDMą UyZQLHĪ Z\ERUF\ 3L6 %LRUąF SRG XZDJĊRSLQLHNDWHJRU\F]QHLZDUXQNRZHWDNLHUR]ZLą]DQLHDSUREXMHRN HOHNWRUDWX XJUXSRZDQLD - .DF]\ĔVNLHJR 3RZRGHP WDNLHJR QDVWDZLHQLD WHM JUXS\ Z\ERUFyZ MHVW ]DSHZQH QLH]DGRZROHQLH ] GHF\]ML SRGHMPRZDQ\FK SU]H]NRDOLFMĊ3236/>&%26@RUD]IDNWĪHZREHFQHMV\WXDFMLSROL W\F]QHM3L6Z\GDMHVLĊSRWHQFMDOQLHQDMZLĊNV]\PEHQH¿FMHQWHPWHJRUR]ZLą ]DQLD1DMEDUG]LHMVFHSW\F]QLHQDVWDZLHQLGRREMĊFLDPRĪOLZRĞFLąRGZRáDQLD ZV]\VWNLFK Z\ELHUDOQ\FK RUJDQyZ Vą Z\ERUF\ 36/ L 32 FR QLHZąWSOLZLH Z\QLND]WHJRĪHZREHFQHMU]HF]\ZLVWRĞFLXJUXSRZDQLDWZRU]ąFHNRDOLFMĊ U]ąGRZąPRJá\E\QDMZLĊFHMVWUDFLüQDWHMSURSR]\FML1DOHĪ\MHGQDNSRGNUHĞOLü ĪHQDZHWZW\FKJUXSDFKHOHNWRUDWXSRSDUFLHGODWHJRSRVWXODWXELRUąFSRG XZDJĊRSLQLHNDWHJRU\F]QHLZDUXQNRZHZ\QRVLRNRáR 7DEHOD5R]NáDGLORĞFLRZ\LSURFHQWRZ\RGSRZLHG]LQDS\WDQLHÄ2E\ZDWHOH SRZLQQLPLHüPRĪOLZRĞüRGZRáDQLDZV]\VWNLFKVZRLFKSU]HGVWDZLFLHOL Z\EUDQ\FKZZ\ERUDFKSRZV]HFKQ\FKSUH]\GHQWDSRVáyZVHQDWRUyZ UDGQ\FKZyMWyZEXUPLVWU]yZLSUH]\GHQWyZPLDVW´ZSRV]F]HJyOQ\FK HOHNWRUDWDFKZZ\ERUDFKGR3DUODPHQWX(XURSHMVNLHJRZURNX Zdecydowanie 1,( 5DF]HM1,( SRZLHG]LHü7UXGQR 5DF]HM7$. Zdecydowanie 7$. 5D]HP 1RZD3UDZLFD -DQXV]D .RUZLQ0LNNH LORĞü 1 4 8 13 33 59 procent 3ODWIRUPD Obywatelska LORĞü 10 19 50 procent 3ROVNLH Stronnictwo Ludowe LORĞü 2 10 20 8 procent 3UDZR
L6SUDZLHGOLZRĞü procentLORĞü 13 28 54 59 6RMXV]/HZLF\ 'HPRNUDW\F]QHM ±8QLD3UDF\ LORĞü 1 5 14 14 20 54 procent ,QQD LORĞü 1 11 14 27 59 procent Nie JáRVRZDáHPDP procentLORĞü 14 19 84 99 283 1LHSDPLĊWDP LORĞü 4 3 11 27 18 procent
^ƉŽųĞĐnjŶĞƉŽƐƚƌnjĞŐĂŶŝĞŝŶƐƚLJƚƵĐũŝrecall i weta ludowego ǁǁĂƌƵŶŬĂĐŚƉŽůƐŬŝĐŚ
1LHPDOLGHQW\F]QLHSUH]HQWXMąVLĊZ\QLNLZRGQLHVLHQLXGRHOHNWRUDWyZ SDUW\MQ\FK Z Z\ERUDFK VDPRU]ąGRZ\FK WDEHOD 3RQRZQLH GR JURQD QDMZLĊNV]\FK]ZROHQQLNyZPRĪOLZRĞFLRGZRáDQLDSU]H]RE\ZDWHOLZV]\VWNLFK SLDVWXQyZSXEOLF]Q\FKZ\EUDQ\FKZZ\ERUDFKSRZV]HFKQ\FKQDOHĪąHOHNWRUDW IRUPDFML-DQXV]D.RUZLQ0LNNHJRRUD]XJUXSRZDĔ]DOLF]RQ\FKGRJURQDÄLQQ\FK SDUWLL´%DUG]RZ\VRNLRGVHWHN]ZROHQQLNyZWHJRUR]ZLą]DQLD]DQRWRZDQ\]RVWDá WDNĪHZĞUyGZ\ERUFyZ3L6LLFKNRDOLFMDQWyZ]HOHNFMLVDPRU]ąGRZHM1DSU]H FLZOHJá\PELHJXQLH]QDMGXMąVLĊSRUD]NROHMQ\Z\ERUF\32L36/ 7DEHOD5R]NáDGLORĞFLRZ\LSURFHQWRZ\RGSRZLHG]LQDS\WDQLHÄ2E\ZDWHOH SRZLQQLPLHüPRĪOLZRĞüRGZRáDQLDZV]\VWNLFKVZRLFKSU]HGVWDZLFLHOL Z\EUDQ\FKZZ\ERUDFKSRZV]HFKQ\FKSUH]\GHQWDSRVáyZVHQDWRUyZ UDGQ\FKZyMWyZEXUPLVWU]yZLSUH]\GHQWyZPLDVW´ZSRV]F]HJyOQ\FK HOHNWRUDWDFKZZ\ERUDFKGRVHMPLNyZZRMHZyG]WZZURNX Zdecydowanie 1,( 5DF]HM1,( SRZLHG]LHü7UXGQR 5DF]HM7$. Zdecydowanie 7$. 5D]HP 1RZD3UDZLFD -DQXV]D .RUZLQ0LNNH LORĞü 1 1 4 25 37 procent 3ODWIRUPD Obywatelska LORĞü 12 19 42 54 193 procent 3ROVNLH Stronnictwo Ludowe LORĞü 2 7 23 35 19 procent .RDOLFMD3UDZR L6SUDZLHGOLZRĞü ±3ROVND5D]HP -DURVáDZD *RZLQD± 6ROLGDUQD3ROVND Zbigniewa Ziobry LORĞü 15 54 procent .RDOLFMD 6RMXV]/HZLF\ 'HPRNUDW\F]QHM ±/HZLFD5D]HP LORĞü 2 3 20 19 procent .RPLWHWORNDOQ\ regionalny LORĞü 3 14 19 33 75 procent ,QQD LORĞü 0 3 5 8 18 34 procent Nie JáRVRZDáHPDP LORĞü 9 22 54 79 232 procent 1LHSDPLĊWDP LORĞü 1 2 15 17 11 procent
DĂĐŝĞũDĂƌŵŽůĂ
,QWHUHVXMąFDUHODFMD]GLDJQR]RZDQD]RVWDáDZRGQLHVLHQLXGRZ\ERUFyZ NRPLWHWyZUHJLRQDOQ\FKLORNDOQ\FK=MHGQHMVWURQ\QLHPDOFRGUXJLZ\ERUFD Z WHM JUXSLH ]GHF\GRZDQLH SRSLHUD PRĪOLZRĞü RGZRáDQLD ZV]\VWNLFK Z\ELH UDOQ\FKRUJDQyZ]GUXJLHM]DĞZW\PHOHNWRUDFLH]DQRWRZDQ\]RVWDáQDMZ\ĪV]\ RGVHWHN ]GHF\GRZDQ\FK SU]HFLZQLNyZ WDNLHJR UR]ZLą]DQLD 0RĪH WR ZVND]\ZDü QD ]DGRZROHQLH Z\ERUFyZ W\FK NRPLWHWyZ ] NLHUXQNyZ SROLW\NL QDSR]LRPLHPLNURVDPRU]ąGWHU\WRULDOQ\LUyZQRF]HĞQLHQLH]DGRZROHQLHQD SR]LRPLHPDNURRUJDQ\FHQWUDOQH&RFLHNDZHQLHJáRVXMąF\U]DG]LHMZ\UDĪDMą ]DLQWHUHVRZDQLH ZSURZDG]HQLHP LQVW\WXFML RGZRáDQLD Z]JOĊGHP ZV]\VWNLFK Z\ELHUDOQ\FKXU]ĊGQLNyZSXEOLF]Q\FKQLĪHOHNWRUDW3L63R]LRPSRSDUFLDGOD WDNLHMLQLFMDW\Z\ZWHMJUXSLHSODVXMHVLĊQDSR]LRPLHHOHNWRUDWX3236/L6/' 7DEHOD5R]NáDGLORĞFLRZ\LSURFHQWRZ\RGSRZLHG]LQDS\WDQLHÄ2E\ZDWHOH SRZLQQLPLHüPRĪOLZRĞüRGZRáDQLDZV]\VWNLFKVZRLFKSU]HGVWDZLFLHOL Z\EUDQ\FKZZ\ERUDFKSRZV]HFKQ\FKSUH]\GHQWDSRVáyZVHQDWRUyZ UDGQ\FKZyMWyZEXUPLVWU]yZLSUH]\GHQWyZPLDVW´ZNRQWHNĞFLH GHNODURZDQ\FKSRJOąGyZSROLW\F]Q\FK Zdecydowanie 1,( 5DF]HM1,( SRZLHG]LHü7UXGQR 5DF]HM7$. Zdecydowanie 7$. 5D]HP Lewica LORĞü 9 14 34 183 procent &HQWUXP LORĞü 4 15 49 50 procent 3UDZLFD LORĞü 15 30 52 339 procent 1LHZLHPQLH SRWUD¿ĊRNUHĞOLü LORĞü 11 78 72 244 procent %LRUąFSRGXZDJĊDXWRLGHQW\¿NDFMHZ\ERUFyZQDVNDOLOHZLFDSUDZLFD HOHNWRUDW SUDZLF\ ]GHF\GRZDQLH F]ĊĞFLHM RSRZLDGD VLĊ ]D ZSURZDG]HQLHP PRĪOLZRĞFLRGZRáDQLDZV]\VWNLFKRUJDQyZSU]HGVWDZLFLHOVNLFKREVDG]RQ\FK ZZ\ERUDFKSRZV]HFKQ\FKWDEHOD:\QLNWHQNRUHVSRQGXMH]ZF]HĞQLHM V]\PLUH]XOWDWDPLJG\ĪWDNLHRULHQWDFMHLGHRZHQDMF]ĊĞFLHMGHNODUXMąZ\ERUF\ 3L6 IRUPDFML -DQXV]D .RUZLQ0LNNHJR RUD] LQQ\FK SDUWLL 3ROVND 5D]HP 6ROLGDUQD3ROVND
:GDOV]HMNROHMQRĞFLVSUDZG]RQ\]RVWDáVSRáHF]Q\RGELyUPRĪOLZRĞFL EORNRZDQLDXVWDZXFKZDORQ\FKSU]H]SROVNLSDUODPHQW7\PUD]HPZ\ERUF\ RND]DOL VLĊ PQLHM NDWHJRU\F]QL QLĪ Z SU]\SDGNX PRĪOLZRĞFL RGZRáDQLD RUJDQyZ REVDG]DQ\FK Z Z\ERUDFK SRZV]HFKQ\FK %LRUąF SRG XZDJĊ HOHN WRUDW\SDUW\MQHZZ\ERUDFKGR3(QDMF]ĊĞFLHMPRĪOLZRĞüEORNRZDQLD XVWDZDNFHSWRZDOLZ\ERUF\1RZHM3UDZLF\RUD]3L6WDEHOD:SU]\SDGNX
^ƉŽųĞĐnjŶĞƉŽƐƚƌnjĞŐĂŶŝĞŝŶƐƚLJƚƵĐũŝrecall i weta ludowego ǁǁĂƌƵŶŬĂĐŚƉŽůƐŬŝĐŚ
REXIRUPDFMLWDNLHUR]ZLą]DQLHSRSLHUDáRRNRáRZ\ERUFyZ5H]XOWDWWHQQLH VWDQRZL]DVNRF]HQLD]HZ]JOĊGXQDIDNWĪHSLHUZV]H]XJUXSRZDĔMDZLVLĊMDNR IRUPDFMDDQW\HVWDEOLVKPHQWRZDQDWRPLDVWGUXJLHVWDQRZLQDMVLOQLHMV]HRJQLZR SDUODPHQWDUQHM RSR]\FML 1D SU]HFLZOHJá\P ELHJXQLH SRQRZQLH ]QDOHĨOL VLĊ Z\ERUF\32L36/ZĞUyGNWyU\FK]DQRWRZDQRQDMZLĊNV]\RGVHWHNRVyEVFHS W\F]QLHQDVWDZLRQ\FKZ]JOĊGHPEORNRZDQLDXVWDZSU]H]RE\ZDWHOL 7DEHOD5R]NáDGLORĞFLRZ\LSURFHQWRZ\RGSRZLHG]LQDS\WDQLHÄ2E\ZDWHOH SRZLQQLPLHüPRĪOLZRĞüEORNRZDQLDXVWDZXFKZDORQ\FKSU]H]SROVNL SDUODPHQW´ZSRV]F]HJyOQ\FKHOHNWRUDWDFKZZ\ERUDFKGR3DUODPHQWX (XURSHMVNLHJRZURNX Zdecydowanie 1,( 5DF]HM1,( SRZLHG]LHü7UXGQR 5DF]HM7$. Zdecydowanie 7$. 5D]HP 1RZD3UDZLFD -DQXV]D .RUZLQ0LNNH LORĞü 4 5 11 15 24 59 procent 3ODWIRUPD Obywatelska LORĞü 24 38 48 procent 3ROVNLH Stronnictwo Ludowe LORĞü 4 11 9 14 8 procent 3UDZR
L6SUDZLHGOLZRĞü procentLORĞü 5 37 37 6RMXV]/HZLF\ 'HPRNUDW\F]QHM ±8QLD3UDF\ LORĞü 3 7 21 11 12 54 procent ,QQD LORĞü 2 11 14 10 22 59 procent Nie JáRVRZDáHPDP procentLORĞü 18 29 90 79 283 1LHSDPLĊWDP LORĞü 4 3 20 21 15 procent
3RGREQLH SUH]HQWXMą VLĊ Z\QLNL XZ]JOĊGQLDMąFH HOHNWRUDW\ SDUW\MQH ZZ\ERUDFKVDPRU]ąGRZ\FKUWDEHOD'RJURQDQDMZLĊNV]\FK]ZROHQ QLNyZ EORNRZDQLD XVWDZ RERN Z\ERUFyZ 3L6 L IRUPDFML -DQXV]D .RUZLQ 0LNNHJRGRáąF]\OLW\PUD]HPZ\ERUF\RNUHĞOHQLMDNRHOHNWRUDWÄLQQ\FKSDUWLL´ 6WRVXQNRZRZ\VRNLHSRSDUFLHGODWHJRUR]ZLą]DQLD]DQRWRZDQH]RVWDáRZĞUyG RVyE JáRVXMąF\FK QD NRPLWHW\ ORNDOQH L UHJLRQDOQH RN 0RĪQD SU]\ SXV]F]DüĪHZ\QLNDWR]IDNWXFHQLHQLDSU]H]WĊJUXSĊZ\ERUFyZWDNLFKFHFKMDN RE\ZDWHOVNRĞü F]\ RGSDUW\MQLHQLH:ĞUyG QDMZLĊNV]\FK SU]HFLZQLNyZ EORNR ZDQLDXVWDZSDUODPHQWXZ\UyĪQLüPRĪQDSRUD]NROHMQ\HOHNWRUDW\32L36/
DĂĐŝĞũDĂƌŵŽůĂ 7DEHOD5R]NáDGLORĞFLRZ\LSURFHQWRZ\RGSRZLHG]LQDS\WDQLHÄ2E\ZDWHOH SRZLQQLPLHüPRĪOLZRĞüEORNRZDQLDXVWDZXFKZDORQ\FKSU]H]SROVNL SDUODPHQW´ZSRV]F]HJyOQ\FKHOHNWRUDWDFKZZ\ERUDFKGRVHMPLNyZ ZRMHZyG]WZZURNX Zdecydowanie 1,( 5DF]HM1,( SRZLHG]LHü7UXGQR 5DF]HM7$. Zdecydowanie 7$. 5D]HP 1RZD3UDZLFD -DQXV]D .RUZLQ0LNNH LORĞü 4 1 5 9 18 37 procent 3ODWIRUPD Obywatelska LORĞü 22 34 55 47 35 193 procent 3ROVNLH Stronnictwo Ludowe LORĞü 21 23 24 12 procent .RDOLFMD3UDZR L6SUDZLHGOLZRĞü ±3ROVND5D]HP -DURVáDZD *RZLQD± 6ROLGDUQD3ROVND Zbigniewa Ziobry LORĞü 5 23 35 37 procent .RDOLFMD 6RMXV]/HZLF\ 'HPRNUDW\F]QHM ±/HZLFD5D]HP LORĞü 4 3 27 15 11 procent .RPLWHWORNDOQ\ regionalny LORĞü 3 21 18 27 75 procent ,QQD LORĞü 0 1 9 18 34 procent Nie JáRVRZDáHPDP procentLORĞü 19 72 54 232 1LHSDPLĊWDP LORĞü 1 5 15 18 7 procent &LHNDZLHSUH]HQWXMąVLĊWDNĪHZ\QLNLRGELRUXPRĪOLZRĞFLEORNRZDQLD ZHMĞFLDZĪ\FLHXVWDZZNRQWHNĞFLHGHNODURZDQ\FKSRJOąGyZSROLW\F]Q\FK WDEHOD=ZROHQQLF\WHJRUR]ZLą]DQLD]GHF\GRZDQLHF]ĊĞFLHMGHNODUXMąRULHQ WDFMĊSUDZLFRZą%LRUąFSRGXZDJĊRSLQLHNDWHJRU\F]QHLZDUXQNRZHEORNR ZDQLHXVWDZSU]H]RE\ZDWHOLGRSXV]F]DUHVSRQGHQWyZ'ODSRUyZQDQLD RGVHWHNWHQZSU]\SDGNXHOHNWRUDWXGHNODUXMąFHJRVLĊMDNROHZLFRZ\Z\QRVL DZĞUyGZ\ERUFyZFHQWURZ\FKMHG\QLH
^ƉŽųĞĐnjŶĞƉŽƐƚƌnjĞŐĂŶŝĞŝŶƐƚLJƚƵĐũŝrecall i weta ludowego ǁǁĂƌƵŶŬĂĐŚƉŽůƐŬŝĐŚ 7DEHOD5R]NáDGLORĞFLRZ\LSURFHQWRZ\RGSRZLHG]LQDS\WDQLHÄ2E\ZDWHOH SRZLQQLPLHüPRĪOLZRĞüEORNRZDQLDXVWDZXFKZDORQ\FKSU]H]SROVNL SDUODPHQW´ZNRQWHNĞFLHGHNODURZDQ\FKSRJOąGyZSROLW\F]Q\FK Zdecydowanie 1,( 5DF]HM1,( SRZLHG]LHü7UXGQR 5DF]HM7$. Zdecydowanie 7$. 5D]HP Lewica LORĞü 13 20 55 45 50 183 procent &HQWUXP LORĞü 15 24 48 31 procent 3UDZLFD LORĞü 20 82 123 339 procent 1LHZLHPQLH
SRWUD¿ĊRNUHĞOLü procentLORĞü 30 91 45 244
=DNRĔF]HQLH
3UH]HQWRZDQHEDGDQLDSRWZLHUG]DMąWHQGHQFMHZLGRF]QHZRVWDWQLFKODWDFK ZSROVNLHMSU]HVWU]HQLSROLW\F]QHMREMDZLDMąFHVLĊSRVWXODWHPV]HUV]HJRZáąF]HQLD RE\ZDWHOLZSURFHVGHF\]\MQ\G]LĊNLZ\NRU]\VWDQLXLQVW\WXFMLGHPRNUDFMLEH]SR ĞUHGQLHM%H]Z]JOĊGXQDD¿OLDFMHSDUW\MQHLRULHQWDFMHLGHRZHZLĊNV]RĞüZ\ERUFyZ RSRZLDGDVLĊ]DZSURZDG]HQLHPGRSRU]ąGNXSUDZQHJRZHWDOXGRZHJRRUD]LQVW\ WXFMLrecallZPRĪOLZLHQDMV]HUV]\P]DNUHVLHSRGPLRWRZ\P1LHZąWSOLZLHLPSOH1LHZąWSOLZLHLPSOH PHQWDFMDW\FKUR]ZLą]DĔDEVWUDKXMąFRGSU]\MĊW\FK]DáRĪHĔQRUPDW\ZQ\FKE\áDE\ NRU]\VWQD]SXQNWXZLG]HQLDRE\ZDWHOL5R]V]HU]HQLHLFKXSUDZQLHĔNRQWUROQ\FK ZSá\QĊáRE\ERZLHPQDZLĊNV]ąRGSRZLHG]LDOQRĞüSROLW\F]QąRUJDQyZSU]HGVWD ZLFLHOVNLFK=DUyZQRZHWROXGRZHMDNLRGZRáDQLHPRJá\E\VWDQRZLüVZRLVW\ ÄZHQW\OEH]SLHF]HĔVWZD´SR]ZDODMąF\Z\UD]LüRE\ZDWHOVNLVSU]HFLZZ]JOĊGHP GHF\]MLZáDG]SXEOLF]Q\FKEH]NRQLHF]QRĞFLF]HNDQLDQDNROHMQ\F\NOZ\ERUF]\ =GUXJLHMVWURQ\SRZLĊNV]DQLHNDWDORJXLQVW\WXFMLGHPRNUDFMLEH]SRĞUHGQLHMZ\GDMH VLĊJURĨQH]SRZRGXLQLFMDOQHMID]\NRQVROLGDFMLSROVNLHMGHPRNUDFML0LPRVWRS QLRZHMVWDELOL]DFMLLQVW\WXFMLSROLW\F]Q\FKQDOHĪ\SDPLĊWDüĪHMHV]F]HGRRVWDWQLFK Z\ERUyZSDUODPHQWDUQ\FKPLHOLĞP\GRF]\QLHQLD]H]MDZLVNLHPÄKLSHUUR]OLF]DO QRĞFL´FKDUDNWHU\]XMąFHMVLĊNROHMQ\PLZ\ERUF]\PLSRUDĪNDPLXJUXSRZDĔVSUD ZXMąF\FKZáDG]ĊEH]Z]JOĊGXQDLFKGRNRQDQLDL]DVáXJL>&]HĞQLN0DUNRZVNL @ : WDNLFK ZDUXQNDFK SR]RVWDZLHQLH Z\ERUFRP ]E\W V]HURNLHJR ZDFKODU]DUR]ZLą]DĔZSá\ZDMąF\FKQDVIHUĊSROLW\NLPRĪHVNXWNRZDüSDUDOLĪHP GHF\]\MQ\PLZNRQVHNZHQFMLGRSURZDG]LüGRFKDRVXSROLW\F]QHJR:SU]\SDGNX PRĪOLZRĞFL]DEORNRZDQLDZHMĞFLDZĪ\FLHXVWDZ\GRFKRG]LGRWHJRWDNĪHSUREOHP ]ZLą]DQ\]EUDNLHPNRPSHWHQFMLHOHNWRUDWXZVSUDZDFKZ\PDJDMąF\FKVSHFMD OLVW\F]QHMZLHG]\7DNZLĊFHZHQWXDOQHZSURZDG]HQLHQRZ\FKIRUPGHPRNUDFMLDĂĐŝĞũDĂƌŵŽůĂ EH]SRĞUHGQLHMSRZLQQRXZ]JOĊGQLDüRJUDQLF]HQLDQDWXU\SRGPLRWRZHMLSU]HGPLR WRZHMWDNDE\VWDQRZLá\RQHUHDOQąPRĪOLZRĞüVSRáHF]QHJRZSá\ZDQLDQDNLHUXQNL SROLW\NLDQLHSHáQLá\MHG\QLHPHFKDQL]PXSR]ZDODMąFHJRZ\UD]LüVZRMHQLH]DGR ZROHQLH]DNWXDOQHJRXNáDGXVLáQDVFHQLHSROLW\F]QHM0LPRZV]\VWNRZDUWRĞFLą QDGU]ĊGQąZVIHU]HSROLW\NLZ\GDMHVLĊ]ZLĊNV]HQLHSRGPLRWRZRĞFLSROLW\F]QHM RE\ZDWHOLERWRZáDĞQLHRQDSRZLQQDVWDQRZLüSRGVWDZĊZVSyáF]HVQHMGHPRNUDFML %LEOLRJUD¿D $EERWW))7KH5HIHUHQGXPDQGWKH5HFDOO$PRQJWKH$QFLHQW5RPDQV³7KH6HZDQHH 5HYLHZ´-DQXDU\
&URQLQ 7( 'LUHFW GHPRFUDF\ 7KH 3ROLWLFV RI ,QLWLDWLYH 5HIHUHQGXP DQG 5HFDOO &DPEULGJH+DUYDUG8QLYHUVLW\3UHVV
&]HĞQLN00DUNRZVNL5:\ERU\SDUODPHQWDUQHZURNX±NRQW\QXDFMDL]PLDQD Ä6WXGLD3ROLW\F]QH´QU
'LUHFW 'HPRFUDF\ ± 7KH ,QWHUQDWLRQDO ,'($ +DQGERRN 6WRFNKROP ,QWHUQDWLRQDO
,QVWLWXWHIRU'HPRFUDF\DQG(OHFWRUDO$VVLVWDQFH
-DEáRĔVNL05HIHUHQGXPLLQQHLQVW\WXFMHGHPRNUDFMLEH]SRĞUHGQLHMÄ3U]HJOąG3UDZD L$GPLQLVWUDFML´WRP/,
-DNXELDNà,QVW\WXFMDUHFDOOZ.ROXPELL%U\W\MVNLHMQDWOHZ]RUFDDPHU\NDĔVNLHJR Ä3U]HJOąG6HMPRZ\´QU
-DNXELDN à ,QVW\WXFMD UHFDOO Z DPHU\NDĔVNLP SUDZRGDZVWZLH VWDQRZ\P >Z@ 3DZHá /DLGOHU -DURVáDZ 6]\PDQHN UHG ,GHH LQVW\WXFMH L SUDNW\ND XVWURMRZD 6WDQyZ
=MHGQRF]RQ\FK$PHU\NL.UDNyZ:\GDZQLFWZR8QLZHUV\WHWX-DJLHOORĔVNLHJR
0DUPROD03RUyZQDQLHVNXWHF]QRĞFLUHIHUHQGXPORNDOQ\FKZVSUDZLHRGZRáDQLDRUJDQyZ
VDPRU]ąGXWHU\WRULDOQHJRZ3ROVFHLZRMHZyG]WZLHĞOąVNLPÄ9DGHPHFXPĝOąVN´QU
0XVLDá.DUJ 0 (OHNWURQLF]QH UHIHUHQGXP Z 6]ZDMFDULL :\EUDQH NLHUXQNL ]PLDQ
KHOZHFNLHMGHPRNUDFMLEH]SRĞUHGQLHM3R]QDĔ:\GDZQLFWZR1DXNRZH:13L'8$0
2OHMQLF]DN6]DáRZVND ( 5HIHUHQGXP ORNDOQH Z ĞZLHWOH RU]HF]QLFWZD SROVNLHJR :DUV]DZD'L¿Q
2SLQLH R G]LDáDOQRĞFL SDUODPHQWX SUH]\GHQWD L 3.: .RPXQLNDW ] EDGDĔ QU
:DUV]DZD&HQWUXP%DGDĔ2SLQLL6SRáHF]QHM
5HFDOO RI 6WDWH 2৽FLDOV 1DWLRQDO &RQIHUHQFH RI 6WDWH /HJLVODWXUHV KWWSZZZQFVORUJ
UHVHDUFKHOHFWLRQVDQGFDPSDLJQVUHFDOORIVWDWHR൶FLDOVDVS[GRVWĊS 6DUQHFNL 3 5]ąG D SDUODPHQW .RQIHGHUDFML 6]ZDMFDUVNLHM .UDNyZ 8QLZHUV\WHW
-DJLHOORĔVNL
6WRVXQHNGRU]ąGXZNZLHWQLX.RPXQLNDW]EDGDĔQU:DUV]DZD&HQWUXP%DGDĔ
2SLQLL6SRáHF]QHM
7ZRPH\$7KH5HFDOODQG&LWL]HQV¶,QLWLDWHG(OHFWLRQV2SWLRQVIRU1HZ6RXWK:DOHV &RQVWLWXWLRQDO5HIRUP8QLW6\GQH\/DZ6FKRRO5HSRUW1R
7\EXFKRZVND+DUWOLĔVND . 'HPRNUDFMD EH]SRĞUHGQLD QD SR]LRPLH ORNDOQ\P F]\
RE\ZDWHOHFKFąSDUW\F\SDFML"Ä3ROLWLFDO3UHIHUHQFHV´QU
8]LĊEáR3'HPRNUDFMDSDUW\F\SDF\MQD*GDĔVN&HQWUXP%DGDĔ6SRáHF]Q\FK
=LPPHUPDQ -) 7KH 5HFDOO 7ULEXQDO RI WKH 3HRSOH (2nd HGLWLRQ $OEDQ\ 6WDWH 8QLYHUVLW\RI1HZ<RUN3UHVV