J O U R N A L OF THE I N S T I T U T E O F
P E T R O L E U M
Honorary Editor i
A. E. DUNSTAN, D.Sc., F.R.I.C., F.C.S., F.Inst.Pet.
Honorary Associate Editor i
F. H. GARNER, O.B.E., Ph.D., F.R.I.C., F.Inst.Pet.
V O LU M E THIRTY 1944
Published by
THE INSTITUTE OF PETROLEUM M A N S O N HOUSE,
26, PO RTLAND PLACE,
L O N D O N ; W . I.
; y # 0 T ^ ? V
» * /
.
^ A á ^ T l o Z l ^ l f THE INSTITUTE OF PETROLEUM
(Founded 1913 as The Institution of Petroleum Technologists)
Past-Presidents :
19 1 4 -1 9 1 6 Sir Bo v e r t o n Re d w o o d, B a rt., D .S c ., F .R .S .E . (d ie d 1919.)
19 1 6 -1 9 1 7 Th e Rt. Ho n. Lo r d Ca d m a n o p Si l v e r d a i e, G .C .M .G ., H o n . L L .D ., D .S c ., D .E n g . M .In st.M .M . (d ie d 1941.)
1917-1 919 Th e Rt. Ho n. Lo r d Gr e e n w a yo p St a n iir id o e Ea r l s, (d ie d 1934.) 1919-1 921 Si r Fr e d e r ic k W . Bl a c k, K .C .B ., B .A .(L o n d .). (d ied 1930.) 1921-1 023 Pr o p. Joh n Sa m u e l St r a p f o r d Br a m e, C .B .E ., F .R .I .C ., F .C .S .
1923-1 025 He r r e r t Ba r r in g e r, M .In st.C .E ., M .I.M e ch E ., M .I.N .A ., M .In st.M a r.E n g. (d ied 1932.) 1925-1 927 Si r Thom as H . Ho l l a n d, K .C .S .I., K .C .I .E ., H o n . L L .D ., D .S c., F .R .S .
19 2 7-1 929 Al f r e d C. Ad a m s.
19 2 9-1 931 A . E . Du n s t a n, D .Sc., F .R .I .C ., F .C .S .
1931-1 933 Ja m e s Ke w l e y, M .A ., F .R .I .C ., F .C .S ., M .I.C h em .E . 19 3 3 -1 9 3 5 T . DEWHURST, A .R .C .S ., F .G .S .
19 3 5 -1 9 3 7 Th e Rt. Ho n. Lo r d Ca d m a n o p Sil v e r d a l e, G .C .M .G ., H o n . L L .D ., D .S c., D .E n g.
M .In st.M .M . (d ie d 1941.)
1 9 3 7-1 939 Lt.-COL. S. J . M. AULD, O .B .E ., M .C ., D .S c.
1 9 3 9 -1 0 4 2 PROF. A . W . Na sh, M .Sc., M .I.M ech E . (d ied 1942.) 194 2-1 944 C. DALLEY, M .I .E .E . (d ied 1944.)
CO U N CIL
1 9 4 4
President :
F . H . GARNER, O .B .E ., P h D ., F .R .I .C ., M .I.A .E ., M .I.C h em .E .
Past-Presidents :
A . E . Du n s t a n, D .Sc., F .R .I .C .
Sir Thom as H . Ho l l a n d, K .C .S .I., K .C .I .E ., D .S c ., F .R .S .
J . KEWLEY, M .A ., L .R .I .C .
Vice-Presidents : V . C . Il l in o, M .A .
J . S. Ja c k s o n, B .Sc., F .R .I .C . J . A . Or ie l, U .C ., M .A .
Members o! Council :
C. A . P . SOUTHWELL, M .C ., B .S c.
H . C. TETT, B .Sc., D .I.C . F . B . THOLE, D .Sc., F .R .I .C . A . Be e d y Th o m p so n, O .B .E . R . R . Tw e e d.
A . Wa d e, D .Sc., A .R .C .S . W . J . Wil s o n, F .R .I .C ., F .C .G .I.
C . W . Wo o d, F .R .I .C .
Joint Honorary Secretaries : Ar t h u r W . Ea s t l a k b, A .M .I.M ech .E .
As h l e y Ca r t e r, A .M .I.M ech .E .
Chairmen of Branches : B u rm a B ranch :
Ira n ia n B r a n c h :
n orth ern B r a n c h : J . E . H a s la m . R um anian B ranch :
Scottish B r a n c h : R . C r i c h t o x . South W a les B r a n ch : R . B . S o u t h a l l . Stanlow B r a n ch : J . S. P a r k e r . Trinidad B r a n c h : H . C . H . T h om a s.
U nited States B r a n c h : D r. G . E o l o f f .
Students’ S e c tio n : Birm ingham B r a n ch : G. K . A s h p o r t h . L on don B r a n ch :
R . Cr ic h t o n, J .P .
A . Fr a n k Da b e l l, M .I.M ech .E . E . A . Ev a n s, M .I.A .E .
E . B . Ev a n s, P h .D ., M .S c., F .R .I .C . W . E . GOODAY, A .R .S .M ., D .I.C . H . Hy a m s.
D . S. Pa u l, B .Sc., F .R .I .C . E . R . Re d q r o v e, P h .D ., B .S c.
As h l e y Ca r t e r, A .M .I.M e ch .E . G . H . Co x o n.
A . c . 'H a r t l e y , C.B.E., F .C .G .I.
Al f r e d C. Ad a m s.
S. J . M . AULD, O .B .E ., M .C ., D .S c.
J . S. S. Br a m e, O .B .E ., F .R .I .C . T . De w h h r s t, A .R .C .S .
LIST OF OFFICERS
Joint Honorary Secretaries : Ar t h u r W . Ea s t l a k e, M .I.M ln .E ., A .M .I.M e cli.E . As h l e y Ca r t e r, A .M .I.M ech .E .
Honorary Editor : Honorary Associate Editor : A . E . DUNSTAN, D .Sc., F .R .I .C ., F .C .S . F . H . GARNER, O .B .E ., P h .D ., M .S c., F .R .I .C .
Secretary : F . I I. Co e.
Solicitors: Messrs. A s h u r s t , M o r r i s , C r is p & Co.
A u d ito r s : Messrs. P r i c e W a t e r h o u s e & C o .
B a n k e r s: W e s t m in s t e r B a n k L im it e d , 115 O ld B ro m p to n B o a d , L o n d o n , S .W .7 .
O ffices: 26, P o rtla n d P la ce, W . l .
T elep h o n e: L A N g h a m 2250.
T elegraphie A d d r es s : In stp etech , W e std o , L on d on .
COMMITTEES OF CO U N CIL
The President and the Joint Honorary Socrotaries aro ox-officio Members of all Committees.
Awards Committee.
E . A. E v a n s (Chairman), S. J. M. Auld.
A . E . Du n s t a n.
A . C . Ha r t l e y. 1 ). S . Pa u l. F. B. T h o l e . Benevolent Fund Committee.
A . E . D u n s t a n (Chairman).
A s h l e y C a r t e r .
E . A . Ev a n s. V . C . Il l i n q.
Branches Committee.
J . A . O r i e l (Chairman).
A s h l e y C a r t e r . K . Cr i c h t o n.
V. C. Il l i n o. C . A . P . So u t h w e l l. W . J . Wi l s o n.
Election Committee.
A s h l e y C a r t e r (Chairman).
S . J . M . A u l d . E . B. E v a n s . A . C . Ha r t l e y.
V . C. I l l i n o . J . A. O r i e l . C. A. P . S o u t h w e l l . C e c i l W . W o o d .
A. C. H a r t l e y (Chairman).
J . A . O r i e l .
Electrical and Allied Matters Committee.
C . A . P . So u t h w e l l.
Coopted Members.
G. S. A m b r o s e . O. L. G. A u s t . P. A . F r e n c h . E . E va n s JfONES.
D. H. M c L a c h l a n . A. D. M a c l e a n . W . S . Mo r r i s. C. E. Sp e a r i n g.
Finance Committee.
G . H . Co x o n (C h a ir m a n ) . As h l e y Ca r t e r. J . Ke w l e y. E . R . Re d q r o v e.
House Committee.
C. A. P. S o u t h w e l l (Cliairman).
S . J. M. Auld.
R . R . Tw e e d. W . J . Wi l s o n. C . W . Wo o d.
J . S . J a c k s o n . H. C . Tett.
Publication Committee.
A . E . Du n s t a n (C lia ir m a n ).
As h l e y Ca r t e r. G . Eq l o p p. E . A . Ev a n s. E . B . Ev a n s. A . C . Ha r t l e y. H , Hy a m s.
Co-opted Members.
W . H . Ca d m a n. D . A . Ho w e s.
V . C. I l l i n g . J . S . Ja c k s o n. J . A . Or i e l. C. A . P . S o u t h w e l l . A . B e e b y T h o m p s o n . C e c i l W . W o o d .
Advisory Editorial Board A. E. D u n s t a n (Chairman).
As h l e y Ca r t e r. G . Eg l o p p. F . H . Ga r n e r.
Research Committee.
V. C. Il l i n g.
J. A. O r i e l . C. A. P. So u t h w e l l.
H . C . Te t t (C h a ir m a n ).
S . J . M . Au l d. G . H . Co x o n. E. A . E v a n s .
V . C . Il l i n g. J . S . Ja c k s o n. J . A . Or i e l. C . A . P . So u t h w e l l.
Co-opted Members.
S . M . Bl a i r. D . A . Ho w e s. E . R . Pa l m e r.
L . Pa t r i c k. J . D . F . We s t.
Special (By-Laws) Committee.
T . De w h u k s t (C h a ir m a n ).
As h l e y Ca r t e r. G . H . Co x o n.
J. S . J a c k s o n . J. K e w l e y . C . W . Wo o d.
Standardization Committee.
F . H. G a r n e r (Chairman).
G . H. C o x o n . A. E . D u n s t a n . E . A. E v a n s . E . B . Ev a n s. H. H y a m s .
W . E. J . B r o o m . D . A . Ho w e s. C . D . La w r e n c e. J . Ma s o n. K. E. W . R i d l e r . R. P. A n d e r s o n . T . A . B o y d .
E. W . D e a n .
Co-opted Members.
Honorary Members.
J . S . Ja c k s o n. J . A . Or i e l. D . S . Pa u l. E . R . Re d o r o v e. F . B . Th o l e. W . J . Wi l s o n.
A. R. St a r k.
T. R. T h o m a s . C. S. W lN D E B A N K . W . F . K . Wy n n e- Jo n e s.
T . G . De l b r i d q e. J . G . De t w l l e r. F . D . Tu e m m l e r.
HON. SECRETARIES OF BRANCHES
Northern Branch : E. J . D u n s t a n , Manchester Oil Refinery Ltd., Twining Road, Barton Manchester.
Scottish Branch : Prof. W . M. Cumming, Royal Technical College, Glasgow.
South Wales Branch : E. T h o r n t o n , National Oil Refineries, Llandarcy, Glam.
Stanloio Branch : J . C. W o o d - M a l l o c k , Lobitos Oilfields Ltd., Ellesmere Port, Cheshire.
Trinidad Branch : F . M o r t o n , Trinidad Leaseholds Ltd., Point-&-Pierre, Trinidad.
CONTENTS.
Petroleum Refining Term inology : Benzine Manufacture and Refining. M . E . PA° E
K e lly and D . A . H ow es . . . 1
In stitu te M eeting . . . 10
T w en ty-N in th Annual R ep ort . . . 13
Th irtieth Annual General M eeting . . . 21
Standardization Com m ittee— R ep orts o f Sub-Com m ittees . . . . 25
Practical Alignment Chart for Fluid Flow in Pipe-Lines. P . M oyer . . . 52
Properties and Utilization o f Petroleum W axes. C. G. G ray . . . . 67
Some Ideas about Correlation of Test-Engine Results. T . P . Sands, C. J. L ivingstone and W . A . G r u s e ...68
O bituary. J . H . C. do B r e y ...76
Orientated H and Coring in Geological Field W ork. K . R o h r . . . . 79
Inaugural M eeting . . . 90
The Contamination, Deterioration and Decom position of Lubricating Oils in Service. R . G . P om eroy . . . 95
Drilling. M . C. Seamark . . . 134
O bituary. Christopher D ailey . . . . 1 5 0 Permeation of H ydrocarbon Gases through Rubber Tubing. M. J. Stross, J. L . R iley, and H . M. E b y . . . 153
The Calculation of the Volumes contained in the Partially Filled Dish Ends of Horizontal Cylindrical Tanks. H . A . B lackm ore . . . . . 1 6 7 T h irty-F irst Annual General M eeting . . . . 1 7 1 M odem Methods o f M otor Fuel Production. G. E g lo fT ... 173
The Correlation of Cetane Number with other Physical Properties o f Diesel Fuels. Diesel In d ex Panel . . . . 1 9 3 The 1944 Edition of the I.P. “ Standard Methods for Testing Petroleum and its Products.” E ditorial Sub-Com m ittee . . . 198
In stitu te M eeting . . . 202
The Application of Free Energy Equations to the Study of the Synthesis of H ydro carbons from Carbon Monoxide and H ydrogen. W . W . M yddloton . . 2 1 1 Fractional Distillation of Binary Mixtures. Simplified Computation of Theoretical Plates and Transfer Units. A . J . V . U n derw ood . . . 225
O bitu ary. H . J . H a l l e ... 242
Mountains and Oil. J. V . H arrison . . . 243
In stitu te M eeting . . . • ■ • . 2 5 4 Spectral Methods and their Application to the Petroleum Industry. W . H . N a ylor 256 Preliminary List of Definitions. Nom enclature Sub-Com m ittee . . . 266
Geophysical Methods Applied to Oil Prospecting. J . M cG . Bruckshaw . . 2 7 1 In stitu te M eeting 311 Obituaries. J . Gillespie 325 J . C u t h i l l ... 325
Report on Tests for Soil Stabilization. Soil Stabilization Panel . . . 326
PAGE Miniature and M icro Suspended Level Viscometers. M. M . L ap itzky and S.
T hom pson . . . , 3 4 9
The Study o f Reservoir Fluids by Surface Recom bination Experiments. H . G.
B otset and M . M uskat . . . 351
Oil Prospects in Portugal. A . B eeb y T h o m p s o n ... 370
In stitu te M eeting . . . 384
Sintered Glassware. I . C. P. S m i t h ...385
A nnual General Meeting . . . 388
Student’s Section (Birmingham) Annual R op ort . . . 389
Correlation o f Cetano N um ber w ith other Physical Properties o f Diesel Fuels.— Corrigendum . . . 389
yO N am e In d e x . . . . , . . . 390
S u b ject In d ex . . . 392
v i i i CONTENTS.
t
