J O U R N A L OF THE I N S T I T U T E O F
P E T R O L E U M
F. H. G A R N E R , O.B.E., Ph.D., F.R.I.C., F.Inst.Pet.
VOLUME THIRTY-TWO 1946
Published by
THE INSTITUTE OF PETROLEUM M AN SO N HOUSE,
26, PORTLAND PLACE, LO NDON , W. I.
H onorary Editor :
THE INSTITUTE O F PETROLEUM
(Foun de d 1913 a s The Institution o f Petro le um T e c h n o lo g ists)
Past-Presidents :
1914-1910 Sir Bovertox Redwood, B art., D.Sc., F.R.S.E. (died 1919.)
1910-1917 The Rt. Hon. Lord Carman op Silverdale, G.C.51.G., Hon. LL.D., D.Sc., D.Eng., 1917-1919 Tup. ItT. Hon. Lord Greenway op Staniiridge Earls, (died 1934.)
1919-1921 Sir Frederick AY. Black, K.C.B., B.A.(Lond.). (died 1930.) 1921-1923 1’rof. John Samuel Strafford Brame, C.B.E., F.K .I.C., F.C.S.
1923-1925 Herbert Barringer, M .Inst.C.E., M.I.Mccli.E., M .I.N.A., JI.Inst.51ar.Eng. (died 1932.) 1925-1927 Sir Thomas H . Holland, K.C.S.I., K .C.I.E., Hon. LL.D., D.Sc., F .lt.S.
1927-1929 Alfred C. Adams.
1929-1931 A. E. DUNSTAN, D.Sc., F.R.I.C., F.C.S.
1931-1933 James Kewlf.y, M.A., F.R .I.C ., F.C.S., JI.I.Cliem.E.
1933-1935 T. DEWIIURST, A.R.C.S., F.G.S.
1935-1937 The Rt. Hon. Lord Cadman of Silverdale, O.C.M.G., Hon. LL.D., D.Sc., D.Eng.
5I.Inst.JI.JL (died 1941.)
JI.Inst.M .M . (died 1941.)
1937-1939 I/r.-COL. S. J. 51. AULD, O.B.E., 5I.C., D.Sc.
1939-1942 Prof. A. 5Y. Nash, JI.Sc., 5I.I.JIccli.E. (died 1942.) 1942-1944 C. DaLLEY, JI.I.E .E . (died 1944.)
1944-1940 F . H. Garner, O.B.E., Ph.D., F.R.I.C.
COUNCIL 1946
President:
Sir Andrew Aonew, C.B.E.
Al fr ed C. Ad a m s.
S. J. M. ADLD, O.B.E., JI.C., D.Sc.
J. S. S. Brame, C.B.E., F.R .I.C . T . DEWIIURST, A .R .C .S.
A. E. DDNSTAN, D.Sc., F.R.I.C.
Past-Presidents :
F. H . Garner, O.B.E., Ph.D., F.R .t.C . Sir TD.Sc., F.R.S.homas H. Holland, K.C.S.I., K.C.I.E., J. Kfavley, M.A., F.R .I.C .
G. II. Coxon. E. A. Evans, H .I.A .E.
A. C. Hartley, C.B.E., F.C.G.i.
Vice-Presidents :
V. C. Illino, JI.A., F.R.S.
J. S. Jackson, B.Sc., F.R .I.C . J. A. Oriel, JI.C., JI.A.
Members of Council:
G. H. Coxon (Clialnnaii).
JI. A. L. Banks, B.Sc., F.R.I.C.
Ashley Carter, A .JI.I.JIcch.E.
C. Chilvers, B.Sc., F.R.I.C.
It. Crichton, J .l’.
E . J. Dcnstan, JI.Sc.
E . R. Evans, Ph.D ., JI.Sc., F.R.I.C.
F . B. Carton, JI.A., B.Sc.
J. E. IIaslam. H. Hyams. 11.1. Lew is, B.Sc.
J. S. Parker, JI.A., B.Sc.
E. R. Redgrove, Ph.D ., B.Sc., F.R.I.C.
C. A. P. Southwell, M.C., B.Sc.
II. C. Tett, B.Sc., D.I.C.
F . B. TnoLE, D.Sc., F.R .I.C . A. Beeby Thompson, O.B.E.
G. H . Thorxley, JI.Sc. E. Thornton, B.Sc., F.R .I.C . R. R. Tw eed.
\V. J. Wilson, F.R .I.C ., A.C.G.I.
C. W. Wood, F.R.I.C.
Chairmen of Branches :
Burma Branch:
Iranian Branch:
Northern Branch: G. H. T h o rn le y . Rumanian Branch :
Scottish Branch : R. C rich to n . South Wales Branch : R. B. SOUTHALL.
Stanlow Branch : H. E . F . P rac y . Trinidad Branch : H . C. H . Thomas.
United States Branch : Dr. G. E olofp.
Students’ Section: Birmingham Branch : G. K. A sh fo rth . Ijondon Branch :
LIST OF OFFICERS
Joint Honorary Secretaries :
Arthur W. Eastlake, M .I.Min.E., A.M.I.Mech.E.
C . Ciiil v e r s, B .Sc., E .It.I.C .
Honorary Editor :
F . H . Garner, O.B.E., Ph.D., F.R .I.C .
General Secretary :
F . H . Coe.
Publications Secretary :
George Sell.
Technical Secretary :
Peter Kerr, M.A., B.Sc., F.R.I.C.
Solicitors: Messrs. Asiiurst, Morris, Crisp & Co.
A uditors: Messrs. Price Waterhouse & Co.
B ankers: Westminster Bank Lim ited, 115 Old Brom pton Road, London, S.W.7.
Offices: Manson House, 26 Portland Place, W .l.
Telephone : LANgham 2250.
Telegraphic Address : Instpctcch, Wcstdo, London.
COMMITTEES OF COUNCIL
The President, Chairman of Council, and the Joint Honorary Secretaries are ex-officio Members of all Committees.
Awards Committee.
E. A. Evans(Chairman). A. C. Ha r t le y. S. J. M. Au l d. F. B. Th o l e. A. E. Du n sta n.
Benevolent Fund Committee.
A. E. Dun stan (Chairman). J. A. Or ie l. S. J. M. Au l d.
Branches Committee.
J. A. Or ie l(Chairman). E. Th o r n to n.
R . I. Le w is. W . J . Wil so n.
Northern Branch : S. Wales Branch :
G. H. Th o r n l e y, Branch Chairman. R. B. So o th a ll, Branch Chairman.
V. M . Fa s r a n t, Branch Hon. Secretary. ' E. J. H o r le y , Branch Hon. Secretary.
Scottish Branch : Stanlow Branch :
R. Cr ic h to n, Branch Chairman. H . E. F. Pra cy, Branch Chairman.
W. R. G u y. Branch Hon. Secretary. J. G. Han cock, Branch Hon. Secretary.
Also representatives of Overseas Branches when available.
By-Laws Committee.
H. Hyams (Chairman). F. B. Th o l e.
S. J . M. A d ld . E . Tho r n to n.
G. H . Cox on. C. W . Wood.
T. De w h c r s t.
Education Committee.
E . Tho r n to n (C hairm an). F . H . Ga r n e r. S. J . M. Au l d. V. C. Il l in o.
A. E. Du n sta n. J. S. Jackson.
E . B. E v a n s. J. S. B a r k e r .
Pe r c y Evans. G. D. Th a c k e r.
Election Committee.
M. A. L . Ba n k s (C hairm an). E . R . Re d q r o v e.
J . S. Jack son. C. W . Wo od.
R . I. Le w is.
Engineering Committee.
A. C. Ha r t l e y (Chairman).
Tho Chairmen of tho following Panols : Exploitation Electrical
Drilling Storago
Production Transportation Refining
and othor members to bo nominated.
Finance Committee.
G. H . Coxon (C hairm an). R . R . Tw e e d.
J. A. Oiiie l. W. J. Wil so n.
E. R . Red g r o v e. C. W . Wo o d.
H . C. Te t t.
House Committee.
C. A . P . So u th w e ll (C hairm an). E . LeQ. He r b e r t.
S. J . M. Au l d. Sir Thom as Holla n d.
Publication Committee.
F . H . Ga r n er (C hairm an). H . Hyam s. J. R. G. Ba r t er. L. Iva novszky.
W . H . Cad m a n. J . S. Pa r k e r.
A. E. Dun sta n. E. Co o per Scott.
E . A. Evans. F , B. Th o l e.
E . B . Evans. A . Be e b y Th o m pso n.
F . L. Gak to n. G. H . Thornl e y.
C. L. Gil b e r t. E. Th o r n to n.
E . W . Ha k dim an. C. W . Wood.
Correspondent Members:
Northern Branch : S. Wales Branch : E . J . H o rlk v Scottish Branch : A. F le m in g . Stanlow Branch : V. B isk e .
Research Committee.
H. C. Te t t (Chairman). D. A. Ho w es.
S. J . M. Au l d. J . S. Ja ck so n.
S. M. Bl a ir. R. I. Le w is.
E. J . Du n sta n. J. A. Or ie l.
E . A. Eva ns. E . R . Red o r o v e.
F . H . Ga r n e r. C. S. Win d e b a n k.
Standardization Committee.
J . S. Jackson (C hairm an). R . G. Mit c h e l l.
S. J . M. Au l d. J . A. Or ie l.
W. E. J. Broom. A. Osb o r n.
G. H. Cox on. J. S. Pa r k e r.
A. E. Du n stan. E. R. Red o r o v e.
E. A. Eva ns. A. R. Sta r k.
E . B. Evans. F . B . Th o l e.
F. H. Ga r n e r. W. H. Thom as.
F . L . Garton. G. H . Th o r n l e y.
D. A. Ho w es. W. J. Wil so n.
H . Hyam s. C. S. Win d e b a n k.
H . F . Jo n e s.
Co-opted Members.
O. A. B e l l {Representing the War Office). J. M aso n {Representing the M inistry of Supply).
D . Clayton {Representing the Admiralty and K . E . W . Rid l e r {Representing the M inistry
the Ministry of Supply). of Supply).
J . M . Dr in k w a t e r{Representing the Ministry T . R . Thom as {Representing the Ministry of
of Supply). Supply).
C. D. La w r e n c e{Representing the Admiralty). D. Wy l l ie {Representing the Admiralty).
R. J. W. LeFe v r e{Representing the Royal Air- W. F. K. Wy n n e-Jon es {Representing the craft Establishment). M inistry of Supply).
Honorary Members.
R. P. An d e r so n. T. G. De l b r id o e.
T . A. Bo y d. J . G. De t w il e r.
E. W. De a n. F. D. Tu em m ler.
HON. SECRETARIES OF BRANCHES
Northern Branch : V. M. Fa r r a n t, Manchester Oil Refinery Ltd., Twining Road, Traftord Park, Manchester, 17.
Scottish Branch : W . R o b e r t G u y , F.R.I.C., Scottisli Oils Ltd., Middleton Hall, Uphall, Broxburn.
South Wales Branch : E. J. Ho r l e y, National Oil Refineries Ltd., Llandarcy, Glam.
Stanlow Branch : J. G. Hancock, “ Shell ” Refining & Marketing Co. Ltd., Stanlow Refinery, Ellesmere Port, Cheshire.
Trinidad Branch: H. C. H. Thom as, M.A., A.R.S.M., Trinidad Leaseholds Ltd., Point-ii- Pierro, Trinidad.
Students’ Section : Birmingham Branch : D. S. Pe t t y.
CONTENTS.
Some Notable Wartime Oil Fires. V. J. Wilmoth . . . . Clay Research and Oil Development Problems. J. C. Griffiths.
The Development and Lubrication of the Automotive Hypoid Gear. F. F.
Musgravo . . . .
Annual Report of Council, 1944 ...
Annual General M e e t i n g ...
Investigation of Piston-Ring Sticking in High-Duty Aero-Engines. A. Lahiri and E. Mikolajowski . . . . Mechanism of Action of Organic Chlorine and Sulphur Compounds in Extreme- Pressure Lubricants. C. F. Prutton, David Turnbull, and Georgo Dlouhy . Some Problems Encountered During Well Shooting Operations in the Nottinghamshire Oilfields. J. F. W aters . . . . Molecular Weights of Viscous Hydrocarbon Oils : Correlation of Density with Viscosities. Alfred E. Hirschler. . . . . The Blending Octane Numbers of 2 : 5-Dimethylfuran. Hugh B. Nisbet.
Process Development and Production of Isohexane and Isoheptane as Aviation Fuel Components. S. F. Birch, P. Docksey, and J. H. Dovo The Mechanical Testing of Extreme Pressure Lubricants (with Special Reference to Hypoid Oils). H. L. West . . . . Metals and Alloys in the Petroleum Industry. John H. Wilson
Obituary : John H. W i l s o n . ...
First Cadman Memorial Lecture. Sir William Fraser . . . . .
Petroleum in Wartime. F. H. Gamer . . . .
The Char Value oi Kerosine. F. W. H. Matthews and W. H. Thomas Third List of Definitions. StandardizationSub-Com m itteeN o.il .
Annual General M e e t i n g ...
Developments in Fluid Catalytic Cracking. J. F. Walter . . . . The Development of Improved Turbine Oils. C. N. Smith and G. H. S. Snyder Mineral Oil Films in Relation to Mosquito Control. A. Crossfield and G. F. Hazzard . . . . The Determination of Organic Peroxides in Hydrocarbons. E. M. Tanner and T. F. Brown . . . .
Obituary : William Sutton . . . .
Edward Hubert Cunningham C r a i g ...
General Discussion on Transformer Oils :
The Contribution of the E.R.A. to International Research on Transformer Oils. P. W. L. Gossling and A. C. Michie . . . . Some Developments in the Refining of Transformer Oils. J. C. Wood-Mallock A Review of the Mechanism of the Oxidation of Liquid Hydrocarbons.
Philip Georgo and Alan Robertson . . . .
Oxidation and Anti-Oxidation. E. A. Evans . . . . The Influence of Structure on the Oxidation Reactivity of Hydrocarbons.Philip George and Alan Robertson. . . . . The Sludge Test for Transformer Oils. C. H. B a rto n ...
TAGE1
18 3245
59 90 119 133162 167 206230 240241 256 269 289 292 295 313 323 341351 351
356365 382392 400408
Oxidation Tests for Transformer Oil. A. A. P o l l i t t ...
Sludging Value of Transformer Oil. Influence of Condenser W ater Temperature. P. W. L. Gossling and J. Romney. . . . . The Application of Variance Analysis to Some Problems of Petroleum Technology.H. M. Davies . . . . The Geology of the Guayaquil Estuary, Ecuador.. George Sheppard.
On the Course of the Reaction at 100° C. in the System Aromatic-free Mineral
Oil-Oxygen. D. J. W. Kreulen . . . .
On the Course of the Reaction at 100° C. in the Systems Xylene-Oxygcn and Aromatic-free Mineral Oil-Xylene-Oxygen. D. J. W. Kroulen .
Gasoline Loss Control and Molecular Weight Determinations. H. G. Koofocd . Some Observations on the Development of Extreme Pressure (E.P.) Properties by Chlorine and Sulphur Additives in Mineral Oil, as Assessed by the Four Ball
Machine. W. Davey . . . .
Researches on Asphaltenes. Part II. Radical Reactions. F. J. Nollonstoyn
and J. Dorloyn . . . .
The Application of Spreading Measurements on Oil Tests. N. E. M. Hagethorn and F. H. Stieltjes . . . . Fractional Distillation of Ternary Mixtures. Part II. A. J. V. Underwood Fractional Distillation of Multi-Component Mixtures—Calculation of Minimum
Reflex Ratio. A. J. V. Underwood . . . .
The Tendency to Smoke of Organic Substances on Burning. Part I. A. E.Clarke, T. G. Hunter, and F. H. Garnor . . . . The Tendency to Smoke of Organic Substances on Burning. Part II. Smoke
Production and Burning Characteristics of Hydrocarbon Gels. F. H. Garner, T. G. Hunter, and A. E. Clarke . . . . On the Course of the Reaction at 100° C. in the System Paraffin-Oxygen.D. J. W. K re u le n ...
Experiments on the Production of Toluene from Coal Tar Products and other Sources. C. M. Cawley, J. H. G. Carlile, II. E. Newell, and F. E. T. Kingman Obituary : John Falconer T a y l o r ...
Review of the Chemical Structure of Fuels and their Detonation in Engines.A. G. Mazurkiewicz and V. G. Oborholzer . . . . The Vaporization of Fuels for Gas Turbines. Part I. The Bubble-Points and Dew-Points of Liquid Hydrocarbon Fuels. B. P. Mullins...
O bituary: Frederick Edward C h e r r y ...
Author Index . . . .
Name Index . . . .
Subject Index . . . .
v iii CONTENTS.
PACK414 424 492465 515 529 575 582 58759S 614 627 643 656 660684 685 703738 739 742 745
