JOURNAL OF THE I N S T I T U T E OF
P E T R O L E U M
Honorary Edit or:
F. H. GARNER, O.B.E., Ph.D., F.R.I.C., F.Inst.Pet.
Honorary Associate Editor:
E. B. EVANS, Ph.D., M.Sc., F.R.I.C., F.Inst.Pet.
VO LUM E THIRTY-THREE 1947
Published by
T HE IN STITUTE OF PETROLEUM M A N S O N HOUSE,
26, P O R TL A N D PLACE, L O N D O N , W . I.
THE INSTITUTE OF PETROLEUM
(Founded 1913 as The Institution of Petroleum Technologists)
Past-Presidents :
1914-1 9 1 6 Sm Bo v er t o n Be d w o o d, B a r t., D.Sc., F.R.S.E. (d ie d 1919.)
1 9 1 6 -1 9 1 7 Th e Bt. Ho n. Lo r d Cad m an o f Sil v e r d a l e, G.C.M.G., Hon. LL.D., D.Se., D.Eng., M.Inst.MM. (died 1941.)
1 917-1919 Th e Bt. Ho n. Lo r d Gr e e n w a y o f St a n b k id g e Ea r l s, ( d ie d 1934.) 1919-1921 Sm Fr e d e r ic k W. Bl a c k, K.C.B., B.A.(Lond.). (died 1930.) 1921-1 9 2 3 Pr o f. Jo h n Sa m u e l St r a f f o r d Br a m e, C.B.E., F.B.I.C., E.C.S.
1923-1925 He r b e r t Ba r r in g e r, M.Inst.C.E., M.I.Mech.E., M.I.N.A., M.Inst.Mar.Eng. (died 1932.) 1925-1927 Sm Tho m asH. Ho l l a n d, K.C.S.I., K.C.I.E., Hon. LL.D., D.Sc., F.B.S. (died 1947.) 1927-1929 Al f r e d C. Ad a m s.
1929-1931 A. E. DUNSTAN, D.Sc., F.R.I.C., E.C.S.
1 931 -1 9 3 3 Ja m es Ke w l e y, M .A ., F.R.I.C., F.C.S., M.I.Chem.E.
1 933 -1 9 3 5 T . DEWHURST, A .B .C .S ., F .G .S .
1 935-1 9 3 7 Th e Bt. Ho n. Lo r d Cad m a n o f Sil v e r d a l e, G.C.M.G., Hon. LL.D., D.Sc., D.Eng., M.Inst.M.M. (died 1941.)
1937-1939 Lt.-COL. S. J. M. AULD, O.B.E., M.C., D.Se.
1 939 -1 9 4 2 Pr o f. A. W . Na s h, M.Sc., M.I.Mech.E. (d ie d 1942.) 1942-1944 C. Da l l e y, M .I.E.E. (died 1944.)
1944-1946 F . H. GARNER, O.B.E., Ph.D., F .R J.C .
C O U N C IL 1947-48
President : S i r A n d r e w A o n e w , C.B.E.
A l f r e d C. A d a m s .
S. J . M. A u l d , O.B.E., M.C., D.Se.
J . S. S. B r a m e , C.B.E., F.R.I.C.
T. D e w h u r s t , A.R.C.S.
Past-Presidents :
A. E. D u n s t a n , D.Sc., F.R.I.C.
F. H. G a r n e r , O.B.E., Ph.D ., F.R.I.C.
J . K e w l e y , M.A., F.R.I.C.
G. H. C o x o n .
E. A. E v a n s , M.I.Mech.E.
A. C. H a r t l e y , C.B.E., F.C.G.I.
Vice-Presidents :
J . S . J a c k s o n , B.Sc., F.R.I.C.
J . A. O r i e l , C.B.E., M.C., M.A.
H . C. T e t t , B.Sc., D.I.C.
Members o! Council:
H . C . T e t t , B.Sc., D.I.C. (Chairman) M. A. L. B a n k s , B.Sc,, F.R.I.C.
A. T. B e a z l e y , M.B.E., B.Sc., A.M.Inst.C.E.
E. J . D i j n s t a n , M .S c .
E. B. E v a n s , Ph.D., M.Sc., F.R.I.C.
F . L. G a r t o n , M.A., B.Sc.
H . Hy a m s.
V. C. I l l i n g , M.A., F.R.S.
R. I. L e w i s , B .S c .
F. M o r t o n , Ph.D ., F.R.I.C.
J . S. P a r k e r , M.A., B.Sc.
C. A. P. S o u t h w e l l , M.C., B.Sc.
F . B. T h o l e , D.Sc., F.R.I.C.
A. B e e b y T h o m p s o n , O.B.E.
G. H. T h o r n l e y , M.Sc. E. T h o r n t o n , B.Sc., F.R.I.C.
R. R. T w e e d .
H . d e W i l d e , M .S c ., M.I.Mech.E.
W . J . W i l s o n , F.R.I.C., A.C.G.I.
Ex-Offlcio :
H. A. R u f f e l l -> , , ,, „ ,
. I Northern Branch.
A . J . F e a t h e r s t o n e )
W. R. G u y , F.R.I.C. Scottish Branch.
R. B. S o u t h a l l . South Wales Branch.
V . B i s k e , B .S c ., F.R.I.C. a 1qw H . E. F. P r a c y , A .R .I.C ./
Chairmen of Branches : B u rm a Branch :
Ira n ia n Branch :
Northern Branch : E. J . D u n s t a n . R u m a n ia n Branch :
Scottish Branch : R . C r i c h t o n . South Wales Branch : R . B . S o u t h a l l . Stanlow Branch : H. E. F. P r a c y . T rinidad Branch : H. C . H. T h o m a s . United States Branch : Dr. G. E g l o f f .
Students’ Section : Birm ingham Branch : G . K . As h f o r t h. London Branch : N . E. F . H i t c h c o c k .
LIST OF OFFICERS Honorary Secretary : C. Ch i l v e r s, B .Sc., F .R .I.C .
Honorary Treasurer : G . H . Co x o n.
Honorary Editor :
F . H . Ga r n e r, O .B .E ., P h .D ., F .R .I.C .
Honorary Associate Editor : E . B . Ev a n s, P h .D ., M.Sc., F .R .I.C .
General Secretary : F . H . Co e.
Publications Secretary : Ge o r g e Se l l.
Technical Secretary : Pe t e r Ke r r, M .A., B .Sc., F .R .I.C . Solicitors : Messrs. As h u r s t, Mo r r i s, Cr i s p & Co.
A uditors : Messrs. Pr i c e Wa t e r h o u s e & Co.
Bankers : We s t m i n s t e r Ba n k Li m i t e d, 115 O ld B ro m p to n R o a d , L o ndon, S .W .7.
Offices : M anson H ouse, 26 P o rtla n d P lace, W .l.
Telephone : L A N gham 2250.
Telegraphic Address : In stp e te c h , W estdo, L ondon.
COMMITTEES OF C O U N C IL
T h e President, C hairm an of Council, an d th e H o n o rary S ecretary are ex-officio M em bers of all C om m ittees.
Awards Committee.
E . A. Ev a n s(C hairm an).
S. J . M. Au l d. A. E . Du n s t a n.
A . C . Ha r t l e y. C . A . P . So u t h w e l l. F . B . Th o l e.
A. E . Du n s t a n (C hairm an).
S . J . M . Au l d.
Benevolent Fund Committee.
J . A. Or i e l.
Branches Committee.
J . A. Or i e l(Chairm an).
R . I . Le w i s. G. H . Th o r n l e y. Northern Branch :
E . J . Du n s t a n, Branch Chairman.
M . Ma s o n, Branch H on. Secretary.
Scottish Branch :
R . Cr i c h t o n, Branch Secretary.
W . R . Gu y, Branch H on. Secretary.
E . Th o r n t o n. W . J . Wi l s o n.
S . Wales Branch :
R . B . So u t h a l l, Branch Chairm an.
E . J . Ho r l e y, Branch H on. Secretary.
Stanlow Branch :
H . E . F . P r a c y , Branch C hairm an.
J . G . Ha n c o c k, Branch H on. Secretary.
Students' Section (London B r a n c h ):
N . E . F . Hit c h c o c k, Chairman.
A . J . Go o d f e l l o w, H on. Secretary.
Also rep re sen tativ es of O verseas B ranches w hen a v a ila b le .
H . H y AMs (Chairm an).
S . J . M . Au l d. V . Bi s k e.
By-Laws Committee.
T . De w h u r s t. F . B . Th o l e. E . Th o r n t o n.
V . C. Il l i n g. J . S . Ja c k s o n. J . S . Pa r k e r. C. A . P . So u t h w e l l. G. D . Th a c k e r. Education Committee.
E . Th o r n t o n(C hairm an).
S. J . M. Au l d. A . E . Du n s t a n. E . B . Ev a n s. Pe r c y Er a n s.
F . H . Ga r n e r. v
Election Committee.
M. A. L. Ba n k s(C hairm an). H . E . F . Pr a o y.
E . J . Du n s t a n. R . b . So u t h a l l.
R . I . Le w i s. E . R . Re d g r o v e.
Engineering Committee.
A . C. Ha r t l e y (C hairm an).
T he C hairm en of th e follow ing P anels : E x p lo ita tio n E le ctrical
D rilling S torage
P ro d u c tio n T ran sp o rtatio n Refining
a n d o th er m em bers to be nom inated.
Finance Committee.
G . H . Co x o n(Chairm an).
A . T . Be a z l e y. F.' H . Ga r n e r.
J . A . Or i e l. R . R . Tw e e d. W . J . Wi l s o n.
House Committee.
C . A. P . So u t h w e l l(Chairm an).
S. J . M. Au l d. M. A. L. Ba n k s. A. T . Be a z l e y.
Publications Committee.
F . H . Ga r n e r (C hairm an).
J . R . G . Ba r t e r. W . H . Ca d m a n. A. E . Du n s t a n. E . A. Ev a n s. E . B . Ev a n s. F . L. Ga r t o n. C . L . Gi l b e r t. W . R . G u y . E . W . Ha r d i m a n.
T . De w h u r s t. F . H . Ga r n e r. E . LeQ . He r b e r t. H . Hy a m s.
H . Hy a m s. L . Iv a n o v s z k y. J . S . Pa r k e r. E . Co o p e r Sc o t t. F . B . Th o l e. A . Be e b y Th o m p s o n. G. H . Th o r n l e y. E . Th o r n t o n. H .d e Wi l d e.
Correspondent Members : Northern Branch :
Scottish Branch : A . F l e m i n g .
S . Wales Branch : E . J . H o r l e y . Stanlow Branch : V. B i s k e .
Public Relations Committee.
G . H . Co x o n(Chairm an).
T . De w h u r s t. E . B . Ev a n s. W . R . Gu y.
Research Committee.
R . I . Le w i s(C hairm an).
S. J . M . Au l d. S. M . Bl a i r. E . J . Du n s t a n. E . A . Ev a n s. F . H . Ga r n e r.
H . Hy a m s. J . A . Or i e l. J . S . Pa r k e r.
D . A . Ho w e s. J . S. Ja c k s o n. F . Mo r t o n. J . A . Or i e l. C. S. W l N D E B A N K .
Standardization Committee.
J . S. Ja c k s o n(C hairm an). C . D . La w r e n c e.
S. J . M . Au l d. J . Ma s o n.
O . A . Be l l. F . Mo r t o n.
V. Bi s k e. J . Og l e.
W . E . J . Br o o m. J . A . Or i e l.
G. A . Cl a y d o n. A . Os b o r n.
G. H . Co x o n. J . S. Pa r k e r.
H . M . Da v i e s. J . Pa r r i s h.
J . M . Dr i n k w a t e r. E . R . Re d g r o v e.
A . E . Du n s t a n. T . Sc h u b e r t.
E . A . Ev a n s ( D e p u t y C hairm an). A . R . St a r k.
E . B. Ev a n s. F . B . Th o l e.
E . M . W . Fa w c e t t. T . R . Th o m a s.
A . G. Fo r b e s. W . H . Th o m a s.
R . J . Fo r b e s. G. H . Th o r n l e y.
F . H . Ga r n e r. E . Th o r n t o n.
F . L . Ga r t o n. W . J . Wi l s o n.
D . A . Ho w e s. J . D . F . We s t.
T. P . Hu g h e s. C. S. Wi n d e b a n k,
H . Hy a m s.
H onorary Members :
R . P . An d e r s o n. T . G. De l b r i d g e.
T . A . Bo y d. J . G. De t w i l e r.
E . W . De a n. F . D . Tu e m m l e r.
H O N . SECRETARIES OF BRANCHES
Northern Branch : M. Ma s o n, M atthew W ells & Co. L td ., W ellsaline O il W orks, B olton S tre et, Salford, M anchester, 3.
Scottish Branch : W . Ro b e r t Gu y, F.R.X.C., Scottish Oils L td ., M iddleton H a ll, U p h a ll, B ro xburn.
South Wales Branch : E . J . Ho r l e y, N a tio n a l Oil Refineries L td ., L la n d a re y , G lam .
Stanlow Branch : J . G. Ha n c o c k, “ Shell ” R efining & M arketing Co. L td ., S tan lo w R efinery, E llesm ere P o rt, Cheshire.
Trinidad Branch : P . E . T. O ’Co n n o r, c/o A ntilles P etro le u m Co. Lt&., S an F e rn a n d o , T rin id a d , B .W .I.
Students' S ectio n : B irm ingham B ra n c h : D . S. Pe t t y, 30 V alen tin e R o a d , K in g ’s H e a th , B irm in g h am , 14.
London Branch : A. J . Go o d f e l l o w, 13 O ak Lodge A venue, G ran g eh ill, Chigwell, E ssex.
CONTENTS.
P A G E
The Lubricat i on of Pre-Selective Gear Boxes. A. T . W ilfo rd . . . . 1 The Vaporization of Fuels for Gas Turbines. P a r t n . H e a t Quantities Required
to Vaporize Gas Tur bine Fuels. B. P . M ullins. 44
Viscometry of Soap- i n- Hydr ocar bon Systems. G. F . W ood, A. H . N issan a n d
F . H . G a m e r . . . 71
Spectroscopic Analysis : Application of t he Hydr ogen Discharge La mp to the Analysis of Mixtures of C8 Ar omat i c Hydrocarbons. R . R . G ordon, H . Pow ell
a n d J . 'p jd a y o n . . . 103
Second Repor t o n Tests for Soil Stabilization. Soil S ta b iliz a tio n P a n e l o f S ta n d a rd iz a tio n S u b -C o m m ittee N o. 7, A sp h altic B itu m e n . . . . 1 1 3 O b itu a ry : Ashley C a r t e r ... 129
Campbell Mur r ay H u n t e r . . . 129
Fires a n d Explosions a t Oil I nstallations. E . P . L an c ash ire . . . . 1 3 1 Fires in Open T anks of Pe t r ol e um Pr oduct s : Some F u n d a me n t a l Aspects. J . H .
B u rg o y n e a n d L . L . K a ta n . . . 158 Experi ment s on t he R a t e of F o a m Application to Pet rol Fires. N . O. C lark,
E . T h o rn to n a n d J . A. L ew is . . . . 1 9 2
\
Measur ement of Oil D e p t h s ...202 Pet r ol eum Pr oduct s in Agri cult ure : The Role of Pe t r ol e um in Pl ant Protection.
L . W . L e y lan d Cole . . . 203
The Application of t he Principles of Clay Chemistry to Probl ems Encount er ed when Drilling i n Trinidad Clays. H . C. H . D a rley . . . 219
The Crude Oil of England. J . S. P a rk e r . . . 230
Explosive Decomposition of Et hene. H . I . W a te rm a n , W . J . H essels, a n d J . v a n
S teen is . . . ■ 254
/
The Oxygen Boost Met hod of Ra t i ng t he Engi ne Per f or mance of Aviation Fuels.
W . B . H e a to n , T. K . H a n so n , a n d R . C. M orris . . . 256 O b itu a ry : Leo S t e i n s c h n e i d e r ... 266 Wal t er B e r n o u l l i ... 266 Fuels a nd Lubricant s for Aero Gas Turbines. C. G. W illiam s . . . 267 Naphthenic Acids : Boiling Poi nt s a nd Distribution in Gas Oil Distillates. K . F .
Coles . . . 325
Thirty-Third Annua l General M e e t i n g ...330
O b itu a ry : Frederick Byr on P l u m m e r 341
Francis Ar t h u r Fl i nn . . . 341
Mo d e m Devel opment s i n Geophysical Prospecting. I r . A. V a n W eelden . . 344 The Application of a New Notation t o Pet r ol eum Hydrocarbons. G. M alcolm
D y so n 356
The Chemical Aspects of t he Pet r ol eum Acts. S. G. B urgess . . . . 363 O b itu a ry : Lewis Boswell I n m a n Ha mi l t on . . . 389 Ca dma n Memorial Lecture. Progress in Pet r ol eum Research. R o b e rt P rice
R u ssell . . . 391
viii C O N T E N T S .
Aromatics from Petroleum. H . S t e i n e r ...
Hydrocarbon Synthesis in the Presence of Cobalt Catalysts at Medium Pressures.
C. C. H a ll a n d S. L. S m ith
O b itu a ry : Sir Thomas Henry Holland ...
Development of Hydrogenation and Fischer-Tropsch Processes in Germany.
K . G o rdon . . . . • • ■ -
Improved Method for the Interpretation of Experimental Data obtained in Mole
cular W eight Determ inations of Petroleum Fractions. J • G. R e y n o ld s . The Ten Dim ethylnaphthalenes, their Physical Properties, Molecular Compounds,
and Ultra-Violet Spectra. A. S. B ailey , K . C. B ry a n t, R . A. H a n co c k , S. H . M orrell a n d J . C. S m ith . . . .
Some New Extreme Pressure (E.P.) Lubricating Oil Additives containing Chlorine and Sulphur. W . D a v ey
Petroleum Products in the Printing Ink and Allied Industries. A. C. H e ale y a n d
L. Iv a n o v sz k y . . . • • • •
The Oxidation of Transformer Oil. P . M. H e e rtje s , C. D. T en H a v e a n d J . J . L ock
A New Method for the Presentation of Test R esults on the Four B all Machine.
W . D a v ey . . . .
Reference Fuels for Knock Ratings in Spark Ignition E ngines . . . . The Institute of Petroleum Hydrocarbon Research Group: R eview of Progress,
1945 to 1947 ...
Special General M e e t i n g ...
O b itu a ry : Cecil Evelyn K e e p ...
The Effect of Sulphur and Phosphorus on Aviation Fuel Perform ance. T . K . H a n so n a n d K . F . Coles . . . , .
Automatic Control of Refinery Operations. W . S. A u lt . . . . . The Fluid Solids Technique : Application to the Petroleum Industry. E . V.
M urphree, E . J . G ohr a n d A. F . K a u la k is . . . . . . Refining South American Crudes. D . R e a d a n d G. E g lo ff . . . .
O b itu a ry : Arthur Ham ilton . . . . . . . . .
Alum inium Stearate Gels in Light Hydrocarbon Oils. C. M. C aw ley, J . H . G.
C arble, J . G. K in g , a n d F . E . T . K in g m a n . .
The Extreme Pressure (E.P.) Lubricating Properties of Some Brom ine and Iodine Compounds, Alone and in Presence of Sulphur, with Observations on the Mechanism of the Developm ent of E.P. Properties. W . D a v ey
Liquid Fuels and Chemical Products from Coal. F . H . G a rn er
Solvent Extraction of Indene and Coumarone from Coal Tar Light Oils. A. W .
G auger a n d J . N . B re sto n . . . .
O b itu a ry : Alfred Reginald Code . . . . . . . . .
The Alkylation of jsoParaffins with Olefins in the Presence of Sulphuric Acid.
Part I. The Composition of an Aviation Alkylate. F r a n k M o rto n a n d A la n R .
R ic h a rd s . . . .
Alum inium Stearate Gels for use as Flam e-Thrower Fuels. C. M. C aw ley, J . H . G. Carlile, J . G. K in g , a n d F . E . T . K in g m a n
Author Index . . . . . . . .
Name I n d e x ... . Subject I n d e x ...
PAG E
410
439 460
469
491
503
527
531
552
574 578
580 583 588
589 598
608 621 648
649
673 678
687 693
697
721 756 759 762
