8 L A V IA A N T IQ U A Tom X X X I —Kok 1988
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anm o. IIpoH3BeAeHHe hbho Bbniuio H3 pyK onbiTHoro MacTepa, npeKpacno BjiaAeBinero hckycctbom xyAo- xecTBeHiioro jihtwi.1 EejiameBCKHö 1928; Me3eHueBa 1968. 1 Tojiosko 1980, c. 150.
* MeseHqeua 1968, c. 83, Taôji. V - VI, IX, XI - XIV.
* KpecTaM-3HKOJinHOHaM KHeBCKoro M y3eöH oro co6paHHH nocBam eH a noflroTOBJieHHa« K neqaTH CTaTta: I I e K a p c K a H JI. B., I l y u K o B. r . , IlaMnmnuKu pyccKOü M em aM onm cm uKu
X I -X I I I ee. U3 flpu ônenp oebR ( Kpecnibi-jiiKO.nnuonbi) . 14 Slavla A n t. X X X I
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5 B lo c h 1979, c. 291 -330.
6 D e m u s 1970, c. 121-61; W e it z m a n n 1975, c. 53 - 93; 1966, c. 49 - 83; P u c k o 1979, c. 327 - 36; Ilym co 1981, c. 953 - 62.
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) 7. Ecjih npnHHTb bo BHiiMamie HafleaoiocTb flpcßjiero cBiizçe- TejibCTBa cy3^ajibCKOH Ha^nncn, BbinojiHeHHoii o/pioBpeMeHHO c H3o6pa»ceHHeM B TeXHHKe 30JI0 T0 H HaBOflKH B X IH B., ---- OCTaeTCfl npH3HaTb, HTO 3TO penJIHKa IIOKpOBa. B BH3aHTHH H3BeCTHbI KpeCTbl C BbinOJIPeHHblM B TeXHHKe HHKpyCTaUHH7 H ü K O J ia eB a 1983, Ns 21 7.
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XIII B. XapaKTepHO, h to Bee 3th HaxoflKH cB33aHbi c IIpHßHenpoBbeM jih6 o c 3a- naflHhiMH pyccKHMH 36MJIÍ1MH — paHOHOM, Ha TeppHTopHH KOToporo npeHMy- mecTBeHHO oceAajiH npoK3BefleHiia KHeBCKoro xy/joxecTBeimoro jiH T b a . TaK KaK KiieBCKHe MacTepa B0 cnp0 H3B0 ,n,HJiH Ha aHKOjinnonax npeacfle Bcero hkoho- nHCKbie npoH3BeA£HHa, noraTaeMbie KaK pejiHKBHH, t o , na^o nojiaraTb, o^ko h3 h h x h Morjio nocjiyîKHTb o 6 pa3HOM. 3 t o flojiXHa 6 biTb H3BCCTHaa HKOHa E oro- MaTepH, n0 OT.3 0 BaEuiaaca b KneBe nonyjiapHocTbio b XII b.
8 D o n t c h e v a 197C, c . 59 - 66, p u c . 1 - 2 ; 3 a j i e c c K a a 1964, c. 168 - 70, pnc. I, 3a. ” AjiexceeB 1974, c. 205 - 6, puc. 1, 7.
10 Coöpanue XaHemo 1899, c. 24, Taön. X, JV° 123. 11 JleonapAOB, HepHeB 1891, c. 1, Ta6ji. I, IV, JN° 8.
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K XII B. „ ^ y n o E o r o p o /u tu b i ¿Jecsm iH H oñ” 13. KaK flyM aji f l . B. A i m a j iO B , xpaM 6biJi nocBHiHeH Y c n e H H K ) B o r o M a T e p u ; BnocjieACTBHH s t o MHeHHe p a 3 A e Jia ji l ai\>Ke M. A. MjibHH14. OcHOBaHHeM flJisi TaKoro saKJUOBCHHa nocjiyacm io JieTonHCiioe H3BecTHe o B03BpameHHH b 996 r. k h » 3H BjiaziHMHpa H3 BacHJieBa b K h c b Ha n p a 3A - HHK YcneHHH B oroM aTepH . H x o t íi M . O . M y p b ím o s n 03fln ee BbtCKasajiea 3a t o , h t o JJfiCsiTMHHaíi uepKOBb 6bu ia n ocB am eH a B o r o p o m m e15 Bce ace naM npeflCTaB- jm eT ca neoóxoflH M biM ^aTb h c t o jik o b h h h c ynoM anyTO M y c o o6lhchhk> JieT on a cn . KaK yTBepacqaji f l . B. A n u a jio B , nocBirmenne npa3flHHKy Y c n e n n a B o r o p o fln n b i ,,B03B0 flHT nepBbiñ BaacHeHuiHH KHCBCKHH xpaM k uaperpaflCKOMy BjiaxepHCKOMy xpaM y h K noMHTanHK) 3Toro 3Ha\ieHHToro xpaM a, CTOjib H3BecTH oro Ha nepBbix crpaHHHax pyccKofi h c t o p h h ” h flo n y cK a ji, h t o „flecHTHHHbrii xpaM , HanaTbiH cTpocHHeM HenocpeflCTBeHHo 3a KpemeHneM Bjia^H M üpa, M o r coxpaH H Tb b o c - noMHHaHHe o B^axepHCKOM xpaM e K opcyH H ” 16. K 3TOMy HaAO floóaBH Tb, h t o b /JecflTHHHOít nepKBH cym ecTBOBajia KOHCTaHTHHonojibCKaH CHCTeMa p o c n n c e ñ 17. C yncTOM npHBeaeHHwx (}>aKTOB MoaceT OKa3aTbca 6o jie e h o h h t h u m h H 3o 6p a - ÿKCHiie B oroM aTepH Ha HKOiie, npeACTaBjieHHoä b MHHHaTiope P a fl3HBHJioBCKoñ
jieTonHCH. 12 r i y n K O 1982, c . 359 - 60. 13 X p y m o B 1878, c . 132 - 7. 11 A ñH aJiO B 1917, c . 21 - 39; Hjii>h h 1965, c . 266 - 8. 15 M yp b H H O B 1978, c . 174. “ A ö H a n o B 1919, c . 86. ” AänaJioB 1919, c. 8 6 -7 ; Ily u K o 1977, c. 192-4.
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18 J lH x a s e B 1911, c. 60 a npHjio*., c. 32, TaÔJi. VIH, pnc. 2 -4 . 18 JlHxaneB 1911, c. 60.
20 JlHxaneB 1911, c. 60.
21 L a t h o u d 1924, c. 36 - 61, p u c . 2 - 5 ; N e r s e s s ia n I960, c. 77 - 86, p u c . 2, 3, 6, 13; I l y m c o 1975, c. 346 - 62, pac. 1 - 10.
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42)Ku8onucb 1974, iNs 5.
43 H a K o . i a e ß a 1950, JVs 119; 1976, c . 199, p u c . 71.
44 HHKOjraeßa 1960, jV s 122. 3 t o t K 0 B < j e r - M 0 m e B H i c cjiyacHJi 4>yTJiHpoM a n s n ep ß oro: b pe3Hoil na/innen Ha öokobom CTopoHe ynoMSHyTO ,,Mnpo CBHThia BoropoflHUbi E orojlioßb- CKoe” . CoHCraHHC o6pa3a EoroMaxepn E orojnoöcK oii c H30ÖpaxcCHHCM cb. H hkojim, H M C fo m e e M ecT O Ha OÖOHX M OlUCBUKaX, rCHCTHHCCKH CBSI3 aH O C TaKHMH p aH H H M H naMHTHHKaMH KaK fla T H - pyCMaa XII - XIII bb. ¡umjiepnaa HKOna H3 Tejin/KCneuKoro ropo,anuía (H nK O JiaeBa 1983,
X» 359).
46 Jlpeenue u k o h u 1956, c. II. TaSjr. 2.
46 rp a 6 a p 1925, c. 570.
47 OBWHHHKona 1975, c. 346 - 53; T pa6ap 1981, c. 290 - 1, pKc. 1; M a acoß a 1969. 48 B o p o H H H 1965, c. 200.
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o b KneBe54. HMeeTca BBHfly, KOHe«iHO, npa3AHHK npiiypoaemibiît k 1 oKTaßpa hco-49 B o p o H H H 1965, c. 215. 50 IIO flH K O B H I 1981, 8. 51 B o p o H H H 1965, c. 215 - 5. 52 CnaccKHÖ 1953, c. 138 - 51. “ W o r t l e y 1971, c. 149 - 54. 51 C e p r H ö 1898, c. 76 - 8 ; A j i e i c c a H a p o B 1983, Ms 11 , c. 72.
OTBeTCTBeHHo K BHAeHHK) AH Apea lO p o flH B o ro : B BH3aHTHH h B KneBe B 6ojiee paHHee BpcMa npeoö jiafla jio n o w r a H H e pejuiKBHH — oAeacA E oroM aT ep n KaK b h - AHMoro 3naica ee H eóecn oro nojcpoBHTejibCTBa. O h o Hanuio CBoe BbipaaceHHe b ycTaHOBjieHHH naMHTeii nojioaceHHa pnsbi bo B jiaxepH cxoií ijepicsH b 474 r. (2hk>jih), o cB a m eH M 3Toro xpaM a (31 w oJia) h nojioacenna n oa ca b X anK onpaxnax (31 aB-
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ropoAHua flecaxHHHaa” — incoiia E o r o v i a x c p i i b HKOHorpa^uHecfcoM o ö p a 3 e A r n o - COpHTHCCW, XHnOJIOrHHeCKH CXOA'Haa C BH3aHXHHCKHMH H3o5paaceHKaMH (pnc. 2
-- 4). B noc^eAHiiX m io rA a MoacHO BHAexb h (Jjnrypy oöjtaHHoro X p H c x a , k icoxo- poMy oôpameHa b m o jk h h h BoroMaTepb. H m shho xaK o iia npe/icxanjiena Ha KaMee, xpaHameMca b Eepne (p n c. 3). ITocKOjibKy b HKOHorpa^iinecKOH cxeMe pejibe^Horo H3o6paaceHna na nyßjniKyeMOM sHKOjinnoHe (J)aKXHHecKH npncyxcxByioi Bce o c - HOBHwe 3JieMenxbi, Koxopw e xapaKxepn3yK>T kommoshuwo IIoKpoBa Ha cy3AanbCKHX Bpaxax (p n c. 7 ), ecxb oc loicinna ycM axpHBaib n3Becxnocxb sxoro o 6 p a 3 a b K n ee e
55 L a t h u o f l 1932, c. 302 - 14. “ G r a b a r 1970, c. 143 - 62.
57 lï p O H C X O A H m H Ü H 3 B O C T O IH O H T a J IH U H H n p H M H T H B , B K O M H O iH U H H K O T O p O r O C O H C T a iO T C Ä a p x a H H C C K H C n e p T L i h 3 J ie M e i iT M p a 3 B H T o i ł H K O H O rp a (J )H H I I o K p o B a , H e m o > k c t n p e T e H Æ O B a T b H a T y n o H T e i i H y i o a p e B H O C T b , xaicyio e M y n p m i H C b i B a e T MiuiaeBa (1965, JVa 3).
P h c . 9. IToJTO/KenHC pn3bi B orop oA H iiw b o B naxepH e. Cpc^nwK HKOHbi n 3 K a p r o n o j i a . X V I b . B o n o iy ia , o 6 jra cT H oił K pacB C /j-
i c i k h í í M y a e i i
(pHC.
1
).
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rpa<j);iH ,,Eoropo,aHnbi /J ;c h t h h h o k ” ocTaercji o t k p h t h m Ü3o6pa>K2HHe Ha h koh c h3 Kapronojia, B ocxoflam ee k paHHeMy H croLiniiKy (puc. 9 ) , a Taoce penjinun h k o h h EoroMaiepH EorojiłoócKoit (p u c. 5, 6) u, KOHeqno, caMOHa3saHHoe npoH3BeflenHe, o^nano, c k jio h h io t k 3aKJiioHeHiiK>, h t o s t o , BcpoaTnee
Bcero, öbuio H3o6paaceHHe oahoh EoroMaTepH b m ojich h h . YcjrowHeHHaa h k o h o - rpa(J>HHecKaa cxeMa, npe^CTaBJienne o Koropon ^aeT y x e 3 h k ojiiih oh c KHaaceii ropbi, HacKOJibKO m ojkho cy¿iHTb no KaMemiOMy o6pa3Ky, /^aTnpoBaHHOMy T. B. Hh-
KOJiaeBOH X V I b.59 He nc
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1160
ArnocopnTnccbi c bhachhcm AHflpea KDpoAHBoro (p n c . 8).K p e c T -3 H K 0 jin n 0 H c K n a a c e ö r o p w o t h o c h t c » k KOM njieKcy Haxo,z;oK n p o H 3 - Be,neHHH xyfloacecT B eH H oro j i h t w i , cbom m n p o n c x o x A e H H e M cB ioaH H b ix c K h c b o m . HacKOJibKO m o jk h o cyflHTb n o flouxenuiH M ¡10 Hac M a T ep n a jra M , n cK yccT B o M e j o r o
jiHTbii eflBa uh He HCKJnOHHTenbHO
6
bijio cocpe,rj,oroHeno b AOMOHrojiBCKHH nepHOfl B KneBe. B miMajie XIII b. HMe.mt m scto nonBiTKH iicn0JiB30BaHHH khcbckhx Mo^ejteîi flji h noJiyneHHA nacTHHHO a/íaniHpoBaviiiBix ko nuil r ipon s Bekenn ii MeTajuionjiacTHKH. 0 6 3T0M, b HacTHOCTH, MO/KHO cyflHTB no HaXOflKaM Ha TeppHTOpHH CTapOH PjnaHH60. H o TaKHe M ecT H B ie BocnpoH3BefleHHH, KaK npaBHJio, h h ofo KanecTBeHHoro ypoBHa.B CTHJIHCTHlieCKOM OTHOUieHHH 3K0JII1H0H C KHjDKeH TOpBl C00 TBeTCTByeT HaH- 6ojxee nepe^OBOMy tch ch h k ) b BH3aHTHHCK0M HCKyccTBe py6e>Ka X II - X III bb. Ero M05KH0 conocTaBJiiiTB c yxce ynoMHHyTOH 3 0j i o t o hh k o h k o í íh3 TpjiBHBi, a Tarace C 6p0H30BBIMH HKOHKaMH, HaHfleHHBIMH B MOHaCTBipe PaKOBail 61. Ü 3 TOM HO
Ąa-
THpyeMBIX npOH3Be/ICHHÍÍ BH3aHTHHCK0H n jia C T H K H M O'/KCT 6b iT B (TpilBUCHCHa CTeaTHTOBaK apTOCiiaa nanarnst b MOHaCTBipe cb. IlaHTejieHMOHa Ha Acjjone, c HMe- HeM H MnepaTopa A jic k c o i KoMHHHa AHrejia (1195 - 1 2 0 3 )62.KneBCKoe xyAO'/Kec'i BeiiHoe jiHTBe X I - X III bb. b h cjiom o c ia c r c a HaHMeHee H3yHeHHOH MaCTBK) APeBHCpyCCKOii MeTajuionjiacTHKH. McC.flCAOBailBI JMUIB OTflejIB-
HBie MOfleJIH H THnBI SHKOJimiOHOB 63. K HX HHCJIV TCnCpb MOXCeM npHCOeZIHHHTB eme oflHH, TaK HeojKiiflanHO npojiHBUiHH CBCT na eflea ne caMBiíi 3anyTaHHBiił B on p oc B HCTOpHH ApCBHeit XyAOHCeCTBeHHOH KyjlBTypBI KHCBa.
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