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1940

3 0 7

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e n b pB H TOM b O Tb aTjioto, m o C b M b ch iio c T a B H rib 3a u e jib n a M o a ra H a y n n a A e ím o c T b , A+>no, KoeTO HMa A a o ö r b p H e bchhko, m o c e oT H a cn a o po A H a T a H a m a ö b r n a p c n a p e n b , KaKTO nH caHa, T b H h Herm caHa, B b H e im o T o MHHaJio h ceraniHO — c b eAH a A y M a A a 6 * .A e n b r m a n p o y n a Ha p a3BHTHeTO ń n o BpeM e H n o M-fcCTO,

T OTOBb 3a n e n a rb ome na 1913 r., toh nbpBH tomt> TpTó- Bame Aa H3/rb3e h no-paHO ; ho H3BecTHHT-fe paAH h HepaAH cb- 6hthh 3a6aBHxa nenaTaHero My Tbñ, ne eABaMb cera, CJieAb h-Łkojiko ripeKÄCBaiiHH, Moma Aa ce AOBbpmH.

H

iio h o k c nena- TaHeTO Bbpn-hme MHoro MyAHO — nopaAH A p y rn hcotjio>khh pa- 6^oth Bb ZlbpacaBHaTa nenaTH H ua— naM'l,pHXb 3a AOÔpe Aa He nenaTaMb cera bchhko, m o 6'buie npea,BHAeHo 3a toh nbpBH TOMb, Ta H30CT3BHXb OTb Hero TpH KpynHH OTAii^a, a HMeHHO : OTA.

VIII,

B b J i r a p c K H e 3 H K b h a

p

y r ht 6 a j i K 3 H C K H e 3 h p h ; OTA.

IX,

0 6 m n e 3 H K 0 B H n p H H p H n H , n p H A O A i e H H B b p x y 6 b J ir . e 3 H K b ; o t a.

X,

n p 0 H 3 X 0 A i > h p a 3 B H T H e Ha 6 b ji- r a p C K H H K H H S O B e H b e 3 H K b.

T^oh nbpBH TOMb e CbCTaBeHb, ^k3^kto m e ce ^{b h a h}, OTb ne- naTaHH h HenenaTami moh TpyAOBe, K ara CbMb raeAa^ib Aa npn- 6 epa Bb eAHO ^bchhko, m o CM^TaMb Aa CbCTaBH n acra o r b yBOAb KbM b U'b^OTO.

A ipk/iOTO A'b .rio no Hctophh Ha ôb/irapcKHH e3HKb, k3kto CbM b ch r o 3aMHCJtHJib, m e CbCTOH OTb ceAeMb r.iiaBHH nacra, OTb KOHTO eAHa oôm a h mecTb c n e n n a J i H H ; oômaTa n acra m e cb A bp m a yBOAHH rjiaBH OTb hTjioto h m e o6pa3yBa caMa 3a ce6e ch H c t o p h h Ha ô b J i r a p c K H H e 3 H K b Bb MaÆbKb pa3- M-bpb; cnepHa^HHT-b mecTb n a c ra m e HMaTb 3a npeAMeTb hcto- pHnecKO H3CJieAB3He Ha ôbnrapcKHT-fe 3 b y k o b e, Oc h o b h, 4) o p M H , y A a p e H H e , c H H T a K c a , C T H J i b h n p a B o n H C b . f r

K w b TOBa npe/tBn>K/j;aM'i> o me no OT/rkano : H 3 B o p n h n o M a r a a a ;

B - t J i r a p c K a Z l n a j i e K T o ^ o r n a Cb n o f l p o Ó H a K a p T a ; B b J i r a p c K a h C a a B H H C K a r t a j i e o r p a i J i H H ;

B - b J i r a p c K H p e i H H K b .

Bchhkh thh nać™ h OTA'fcnH c* 6h;ih npeAMeTt Ha moh

aieKUHH n p c 3 t a t a r n toahhh, a cera ra npcABHJKAaMt B t CHCTeMHa iyknocTb h, AonaTO 6 ^A e jkhbot'b h 3ApaBe, me rn npnraTBHMt 3a n e n a rb ; k3kboto n t K t He ycn-fcn, nena no-MJiaAH chjih ro

A O B t p iH B a T t .

* * *

Ako ÖHXTb noApa>KaBaat, Ha CTapnT'k Hauin KHHronHCim, m 'kx’b Aa H3ntcTpH KHHraTa ch e t óeAeacKH 3a HyxcAH h HecroAH, KaK- BHTO npenapaxt h a 3 t nenaTamm Tan moh KHHra; 3amoTO ne- naraHeTO h ce naAHa B t Hafi-ycHHHO BpeMe, KaKBOTO H-fenora e np'fejKHBHBa^o HauieTo OTenecxBO. 3aTOBa h He mo>i<A Aa 6 xÄ e H3n-bJiHeHO bchhko T M , KaKTo ch ro npeA nojiaraxt. ,H,aHO 3aHa- n p e A t c x HH 3ana3eHH no-necrn™ a h h!

Co(f)HH, CTpaCTHa-HeA'bnH, 1919 r.

B. UoHeBT»

I

E3HK0BHa HCTOpHH H ÆHaJieKTOJIOrHH.

E3HK0BHa HCTOpHH H H e ftm BaÄHOCTb KaTO HayKa

BaaoBe e3HKOBHa HCTopna ...

E 3 HKT. h H a p o f l o y K a ...

3HaaeHHe, n e a b h 3 a a a n a Ha 6 i> a r. e3HKOBHa HCTopna . .

M3yqBaHe StarapcKHfl g3hkt> no Bpeiue h no mícto .

KaKBO s n a n e n n e HMa Hcxopnaxa na 6-bar. eaHK-b .

II

B iiJ ir a p c K H e3H K i> KT>ivn> f l p y r n r f e cjiaB H H C K H e 3 H u n . CäIUHHCKH ÔTiJirapCKH e3HKT> H CJIOBCHO-ÓTłJirapCKH

UneuiHHHT-b 6 *a r. esHKT, - Henopenem, c m bh h c kh esHKb | CaaBHHCKHT-b e3HiiH BT, p e f liT i Ha a p y r m t HHaoeBp. e3n u H ...

CbOTHomeHHe Meacay HHaoeBponeflcKHrfc c b h u h...

ilpaxcujiHma Ha CTapHT-fe c a a B a m ...

HHeiHHO noaoHieHHe Ha caaBaHCKHT-fe e3nH H ...

riocTeneHeHt npexoai» Meway caaBHHCKHT-fe e 3 H H H ...

CaaBSHCKH e 3 h n h h jh h a p e hh a KaacHtpHKauHa Ha caaBaHCKurfc C3hijh '

noaoaceHHe Ha 6bar. esHKx, Me>Kay a p y r n W c u i e a n u n ...

OTaHKH Ha pycKH esHK! npea-b apynn-fe caas. eanuH. | . , Cp-b6cKO-XX.pBaTCKH e3HKT>.

” „ CaOBCHCKH Han CaOBHHCKH e3HKT>...

» „ noacKH e3HKx> . . . .

» „ aeaiKH h caoBaiHKH e3nKi >. . . ripHaHKH Meacay ôtarapcKH h cpißcKH . . '

* 6x>arapcKH h ... ...

* » SiarapcKH h p y c K H ...

» • ötarapcKH h noacKH ...

» » 6x>arapcKH h caoBauiKH ...

CrapoÓTjJirapcKH h HOBOóiwirapcKH e3HKT>.

Cîp.

Hanaao Ha óbarapcKHH roBopeHt u nuć. e3HKb... 53

DiaBHa OTaHKa Ha öbarapcKHfl e3HKi»... 53

npOH3XOÄT> H Ha3B3HHÎÏ Ha CXapo6barapCKHfi e3HKT>... 54

Ha3BaHHe „cxapocaaBHHCKH“ 3a ctó. e3HKb... 56

. „WepKOBHO-CaaBHHCKH“ . , ... 58

„ „CTapOCJiaBHHCKH“ . „ „ ... 59

„ „cxapoöbarapcKH“ h aoKa3axeacxBa 3a H e r o ... 60

V I

BtJirapcKa h cjiaBHHCKa a36yKa. ErnneTCKO h <PhhhkhHcko n u c in o ... 95

Tp-bUKO nncMO — cJimhukhAc k o... 95

KupHJiMia h raaroaim a... 96

Pa3HH MHeHHH 3a npon3Xo«a h CTapHHaTa Ha raaroamiaxa... 97

BHÄOBe raaroaima... 105

CpaBHHxeaHH xa6aHU.a 3a xpnxt Buna ra a ro a m ia ... 106

Ynoxptôa Ha raaroanuaxa Bb M exiia... 108

„ „ CaoBeHCKO... 109

, , „ „ XbpBaTCKO... 109

. . „ „ BocHa... 110

o , , Bb CbpÔHH H PyCHH... 110

raaroamia — 3anaaHo6bar. nucino, Knpnamia — H3X0h h o... 111

V M3BOpH h riOMarajia 3a hctophh Ha 6t>jh\ C3hkt>. KhHJKOBHH h CaOBeCHH ... 114

Kh h h î o b h o r p a j H B O 3a a c x o p H s Ha 6 b a r . e 3 ï K b . . . naMexHHHH, nHcaHH H3BbHb BbarapcKO... 117

riaMexHHHH oxb qexo-MopaBCKa peaaKiina... 117

CaoBHHCKa peaaKUHfl ... 121

XbpBaxcxa peaaKUHH ... 123

CpböcKa peaaKUHH ... 128

PycKa peaaKUHSi... 130

CTapoßbjirapcKH naiweTHHUH. A. F f l a r o J i H H e c K H n a M e T H H U H . 1. 3orpa4>cKO ... 137

2. KaopoBb CöopHHKb Han Glagolita Clozianus... 140

3. MapHHHCKO ... 142

III

4. CHHaflCKH TptÔHHKl . . . 5. CHHaficKH FIcaaTHpŁ. . . . 6. AceMaHOBO huh BaTHicaHCKo Eb, 7. MaKe^OHCKH rjia r. JIhctb. . 8. OxpancKO EßaHreae. . .

B. Kh p h j i c k h n a MCT HHUH.

]. CaMyHJiOBT» HJiH rip-bcneHCKH Haanac-b . 2. CaBHHa KHHra ww CaBHHo EßaHreae.

3. CynpacMCKH CöopHHio, 4. CayuKH ricaaiHp-b . . . . 5. XHaenaapcKM J Ihcth...

6. EsaHreacKH JIh c t h...

7. MaKeaoHCKH KHp. JIh c t b...

CTp.

144 146 147 149 151

151 153 154 156 156 157 158

Cp1>AHo6T>JirapcKH naMeTHHUH.

Kji

C p C p

a c Hi p HK a u H a Ha t f l H 0 6 T>ar apcKH 4 í H o 6 i J i r a p c K H

C p t j H O Ô l J i r . naMCTHHI I H. . . . n p a B o r i H C H H m k o a h ...

n a M e i - H H i T H o n XI I b í k i. . . 1. üoSpOMHpoBO EßaHreae. . .

2. EpHropoBHHeBT. riapeMeñHHKi 3. BoaoHCKH IlcaaTH pt. . . . 4. flOrOAHHCKH ncaaTHpi.. . . 5. CatnqeHCKH AnoCToaB. . 6. OxpHacKH AnocToaB 7. BHTOaCKH TpHOAB. .

158 165 169— 176 169 170 171 172 173 174 175 C p - f e f l H o ó t j i r a p c K H n a M e T H H U H o n , X I I I b t k b .

1. Jloóp-feflmoBO EßaHreae

2. TtpHOBCKo EßaHreae ott, 1273 r 3. Bobhcko EßaHreae .

4. KioCTeHAHJiCKo EßaHreae.

5. flnpaoncKH AnocTOa-b’.

6. BpanaHCKO EßaHreae .

7. MaKeaoHCKH Han CTpywHuiKH AnocToai, , 8. CoCpHflCKH Okto hxb

9. XayaOBB TpHOAB

10. XayAOBB napeMeñHHKB . . . . 11. KapaHuieóeuiKH Okto hxb

176— 185 176 178 179 180 180 181 182 183 183 184

185

CTp.

C p t j H O ö i a r a p c s K n a M e m m a o n X I V b í k i . . . 186—211

1. I. AiieKCaHÆpOB-b (Co4)HflCKH) riCajITHpTj — n-bCHHBeUl . . 186

2. Mo c k o b c k h JrfeTonncT>... 191

3. BaTHKaHCKH J liT o n H C -h ... 192

4. Hhkohobh n a H je K T H ... 193

5. JltcHOBCKH napeHeCHCb... 194

6. I. AjieKcaHÄpoBO BeTBepoeBaHreae... 196

7. JIOBBaHCKH CÔOpHHKT»... 197

8. CTap033BeTHH ... 198

9. Ehhhckh C T H x n p a p i... 198

10. TipHOBCKH CÔOpHHK-b... ... 199

11. TeoÂOCHeBa JltcTBHiia... 200

12. P-fcnHHOBT. CÔOpHHKT... 200

13. CaoBa Ha I. CaHairra... 202

14. Ioam . CxoaacTHK-b... 205

15. IoaHOBCKH CayoKeÓHHKT»... 205

16. noirb-repacHM O Bt CaynceÖHHKT... 206

17. Uaph-EopHJIOBÏ. ChHOäHKT... 207

18. 3arpe6cKO a m MnxaHOBmeBO EßaHreae... 208

19. BepKOBmeBi A n o c T o a t... 209

20. KnpnJio-MeToaHeBa C ayw ôa... 210

C p "fe ah o 6 T> a r a p c K h n a M C T H H i i n o n X V ß t s t . . . 211— 215 1. IlpH3peHCKH ... 211

2. AnoKpmJjeHi. CôopHHKT. ott. BaauJKO-ceao... 212

3. raöpoBCKH flc a a T H p T j... 212

4. BaaxoöiarapcKH Cöophhkt. ott. 1486 r ... 213

5. KaeBCKO H eTB epoeB aH rene... 213

6. raöpoBCKH CayiKeÖHHKt h Tp1í6hhkt> ... 214

C p i f l H O ö i a r a p c K H n a M e i H H U H o t t. X V I b í k i . . - 215— 222 1. H iroeB H n o c a a H H « ;... 215

2. Cayacöa u )KHTHe Ha Cb. HuKoaa Co^h ö c k h... 216

3. THKBeiHKH CÓOpHHKT... 217

4. JloBqaHCKO M eTBepoeBaHreae... 218

5. KoTaencKH CôopHHKT... 219

6. Baaxo6i.arapcKa A ae K ca H a p H H ... 220

7. riaHanopcKH CôopHHKT... 220

8. Khcbckh CôopHHKT... 221

9. PnacKO M eTBepoeßaHreae... 221

10. XacKOBCKH HcaaTH pi... 222

B i J i r a p c K H r p a M a T H U H n p e 3 T > X V I B t K i . ... 222

B t a r a p c K H r p a M a u m a n p e s i X V II b^ k t. ... 225

HoBOÖ-bJirapcKH naiweTHHUH ott> X V II h X V III b^k i.

CTp.

TI p e b o ä a Ha Æ a M a C K H H a C i y j H i a ... 228

I. C p i j H o r o p c K B n p e B O f l i H a H a m. C i y a ... 229

1. naHarropCKH n p e n H c t o t ł H e r o ... 230

2. EaeHCKH ripenH C t . . . . ... 231

3. H-Lwhhckh n p e t iH C t ... 231

4. Phjickh ripenHC-b. ; ... 231

5. XaHÄKapcKH n p e n a c b ... 231

6. JlyKOBHTCKH ripenHCT... 232

7. KonpHmeHCKH r i p e n n c b ... 232

8. ConoTCKH n p e n n c b ... 232

II. M a K e Ä O H C K H r i p e B O n t Ha Ha M. C i y j j m a h n p e n a c H o n H e r o ... 233

III. | Ph j i c k h F l p e B O Ä i H a Z l a M . Ct j t ä... 234

I V. r i a 3 a p a > K H i i i K H ü p e B O i i Ha H a M . C t y j ... 235

V. r i o n i - r i y H i o B i n p e B OÄ T » Ha H a M . C r y a ... 235

VI . r i o n i - K u p H K O B i ( P o a o n c K H ) I l p e B O Ä T . Ha Ha M. C T y a . 236 H a M a c K H H H o n C p - b u H o r o p c K H H K p x n . . . . 237— 247 1. TpOSHCKH H aM aC K H H -b... 237

2. npOTOnonHHCKH .H a M a c a n m ... . . . 239

3. Hk>6jihhckh HaMacKBHT,... 240

4. KonpHmeHCKH HaMacKHHi. ... 240

5. B-feaeHCKH hjih riaHTaaeeBt HaM... 241

6 Cbhihobckh HaMacKHHi.... 242

7. CaHBHeHCKH HaMacKHHi... 242

8. Hp'feHOBCKH HaMaCKHHTj... 243

9— 10. Tp-feBHeHCKH ÄaMacKHH-b A . H B... 244

11. ConoTCKH hjih THxoHpaßoB-b HaM. A ... 244

12. ÎHXOHpaBOB-b flaMacKHHt B ... 245

13. BtarpaacKH C ö o p H H K i... 245

14. PpHrOpOBHBeBT. CÖOpHHKT... 246

15. IlaHariopcKH HaMacKHHb... 246

16. Ctohhobt, H a M a c K H H i,... 246

17. TeTeBeHCKH H aM anom -h... 247

H a M a c K B H H o n Ph i c k h s K p s n ... 247— 255 1. loCHtpOB-b Hna CaMOKOBCKH CóopHHKT, A . ... 247

2. PoMaHOB-b C 6opHHKb... 248

3. 3aaToycTOBb M a p r a p H T b ... 248

4— 6. HHKH4)opb .. ... 248

7. Elom. TeoaopoBb 3 /ia T o y c n > ... 249

8. flo n b TeoaopoBt .. ... 249

9. BpaiaHCKH HaMacKHH-b A ... 250

C ip .

10. BpaiaHCKH ÄaMacKHH-b B... 250

11. JlHKyjIOBT» C fio p H H K l... 250

12. CaMOKOBCKH CfiopHHKl B ... 251

13. rlatBeHCKH CfiopHHKl A. ... 251

14. riatoeHCKH C6opHHKT> B... 252

15. KoBa>ieBCKH „ ... • ... 252

16. MnxanaoBi> CfiopHHKl... 252

17. Teo4)aHOBT> Æ aMaCKHHi... 253

18. , C f io p H H K l... 253

19 — 20. Ph.ickh ÆaMacKHHi A. h B ... 254

21. ManeflOHCKH C fio p H H K l... 254

22. MeTOflHeBt C f io p H H K l... 254

23— 27. Æ pyrn pnacKH ÆaMacKHHH... 255

28. /taCKaai-TIeTKOBi C f io p H H K l... 255

CmIíCCHH CfiopHHUH (ÄaMaCKHHH)... 255

n o n i- r ie ip o B i a tT o n n c e H i p a 3 K a 3 i... 256

Floni-M eToaHeBi p a á K a 3 i... 256

OaHCHeBa CaoBeHO-fiiarapcKa M cTopH H ... 258

C a o B e c H O r p a j H B O h hobh h î b o p« h n o M a r a a a . . . 259

K a K B O c e e p a f i o T H a o B i q y K Ö H H a B i p x y 6 ï j r . e 3 H K i > 261 V I

TpaHHUH Ha ötJirapcKaTa penb

h

HapOAHOCTb.

TpaHHUHit Ha 6i.a r. peub k i m i 3anaaT> c iB n a a a r i c i rpaHHimrb Ha KocoBCKo-MopaBCKOTO Hapenne ... 274

KocoBCKO-uopaBCKOTo Hapeqne npuTOKaBa bchhkh cxmeCTBeHH OTaHKH Ha f ila r . e 3 H K i ... 276

CpaBHeHHe Ha MopaBCKHit roBopH c i f iia r a p c m h cpiócKH . . 284— 299 3ßyKOBH OCOfieHOCTH Ha MopaBCKHT'fe rO B O pH ... 284

Mop<}>oaornqHH ocofieHOCTH Ha MopaBCKHrb r O B O p H ... 287

ChHT3KTHMHH ocofieHOCTH Ha MOpaBCKHT-fe r O B O p H ... 290

yaapeHHe Ha MopaBCKHrb rO BO pH... 291

CaOBOTBOpHH Cy(})HKCH B l M0paBCKHT"fe T O B O pH ... 292

CaoBHo fioraTCTBO Ha MopaBCKHrb ro B o p H ... 293

OipaweHHe Ha öiar.-MOpaBCKH r ß o p i b i d a p H hhcmchh naMeTHHUH . 296 V II

nperjieA-b B-bpxy 6-bJirapcKHrfe roBopn.

Pa3npea"baeHHe Ha fiiarapcKHT-fe roBopH cn o p e m - f e ... 303

TpaHHUH MełKay H3TOHHH h 3anaaHH r o B o p H ... 305

TpaHHUH Me»ay ceBepoH3TOHHH a roroH3TOHHH r o B o p u ... 307

M 3roB opi h 03HaqeHHe Ha -fe no H 3 T O H H ofiia rap cK H ... 318

C îp.

P a 3 n p e a t J i e H H e Ha f i Ł j i r a p c K H T i r o B o p a n o t j — d j . . 334

1. ... 33g 2. >ï-p-roBopn... 339

3. ... 341

P a a n p e a i J i e H H e Ha 6t»j ir, r o B o p n c n o p e n i y a a p e H H e i o h m i. 350 1. ToBopH ci» yAapcBHe HeonpeAlwieHo pa3HOcpiiiHO. . , , . 353

2. ToBopH ci» yAapeHHe HeonpeAiAeHO-HenoABHHŒO... 368

3. „ » * noJiyonpeAtjieHO ABycpHHHO I . . . . 372

4. . „ * nojIyonpe.irfcjieHo ABycpanHO II . . . . 376

5- » » » onpeAtjieHo BTopocpaaHo... 380

6. ,» » onpeAtaeHo T p e T o c p a n H o ... 384

B x i i r a p c K H i t r o B O p H o t k i m i U B a H i a i e n ... 402

P a 3 n p e i t i i e H H e Ha ô i a r a p C K a T - f c r o B o p H c n o p e j i x 408 1. 8H-roBopH m a C T apoÓ M rapC K H ... 409

2. »-roBopH m a o ô m o ô ia ra p C K H ... 411

3. a-roBopn hah ueHTpaaHH ... 412

4. O-rOBOpH (MHHqKO-ae6l>pCKH)... 415

5. O-O-rOBOpH HJIH pOAOnCKH... 4 ] g 6. e-roBopH... 418

A 3 6 y n e H T » n o K a 3 a a e m — h m c h c h t» h b e m e ht. . . . 425

B a 6 a H o r p a $ c K B j o ó a B K a o n K. M ... 433

A .

O ó m a

n a c T b .

E 3 H K 0 B H a HCTOpHH H Ä H ajieK T O JIO rH H .

1. UJ.0 e HcxopHH Ha eanHb e3Hin> ^h Kanßa BawHocTb niwa ^th Kaxo Hayna. — 2. BHÄOBe e3HKOBHa Hcxopna. — 3. KaKBO 3HaqeHHe, naKBa ueab h 3aaaia ums HCTopHSTa Ha ötarapcKHfl e3HKb. — 4. M3yHBaHe öxarapcKH e.aHKX, no BpeMe h no M t c t o. — 5. H3ynBaHe e3HKa e Haö-BaMHa qacTb orb oömaxa Hapo- aoyBaWte M ; 3aeflHo ci> ceraujH° T° «a e3HKa « . ™

opraHt 3a HaynHa n xyaowecxßeHa Mncbjib.

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ßbe Kaxo k h a m b h a t., a npHApyjKaßa caMO qOB'iiuKHX'fe h h a h b h a h Kaxo HeoTM-feHHO T-bxHO KaqecxBo, Kaxo npoAyKXb Ha AyiueBHaxa HMb II AÊHHOCXb. l í o CAyiKÖaTa CH KbMb HOß-feKa, no yCXpOH- 2 CXBOXO CH, K3KXO H no CaMaxa CH nOHBa, e3HKbXb HÍ3Ma HHK3KB3 npHAHKa c b opraHH3MHX'fe, a e Hanpocxo eAHa o x b MHoroxo qo- B-feuiKH npHAoÔHBKH, cneqe.aeHH npe 3b B-ÈKOBex-fe, h xo Han-qy^Ha h HaH-n0Ae3Ha npHAOÔHBKa. T^oh e AymeBeHb npoH3BOAb ^h Kaxo CbOömHAHo cp-feacxBo Me>KAy xopaxa, e3HKbXb e noxHKHajib Haü- MHOro qOB-femKaxa K y jix y p a HanpeAb. 3 am oxo, khkbo e Hanpe-

yHHBepCHTeTCKa ÖHÖJIHOTQKä N° 203 J

Ä'bK'b? He e ah npeAaßaHe OT-b BOB’feKb Ha BOB-feKb, o r b p oA b Ha pOÄb p33HH MHCAH, HACH, (^OpMH H H3BHHH ? A IIJOMb e TbH, Hanpe.n'bK'b He Moxce aa ce noMHCAH 6e3b e3HKb. 3amoTO mh cah h 3H3HHH ce n pe A aß arb caMO Cb e3HKb, Ta ÖHXMe Ka3aAH, ne e3HK-b ^h Hanpen.'bK'b BbpßHTb BHHarH 3aeAHo Bb ^hobI^dU^{ik h h} XiHBOTb H KaTO He HHKOH nÄTb He Ca H ÖHAe e^HO 6e3b A p y r o . 3aTOBa n M H a hctophh Ha HOB'feuiKaTa xyATypa ipe ce noAyqn, caMO KoraTO npocAeAHMb BbpBexrbTb h pa3BHTHeTo Ha e3HKa, Ha TOBa Haö-CHAHO K y^iTypH O n o M a ra A O y x o p a T a .

C n o p e A i» TOBa A io ö o n H T H a h bt. c x m o BpeM e B axtH a e HCTopnaTa Ha e3HKa, He caMO 3amoTo hh oöacHHBa pa3BHTHeTO Ha HOB’feuiKHH CAOBecemb A a p b , ho h 3aTOBa, qe hh A aB a Aa n p o y M 'fe e w b c b TOBa 3aeAHO h pa3BH TneTO Ha HOB'feiiiKHH A y x b H 3 o 6 m o . 3 a m o T O e 3 H K b T b e o ß m a pn 3 H H p a 3a chhkh yMCTBeHH n p o H 3 B O A 6 n ; toh 0 6’eMa B b c e6e chbkh h a c h, chbkh ho hhthh, KOHTO MOJKe A a HM3 eAHHb BOB'feKb HAH H a pO A b, Ta H 3a TOBa HM3 B ajK H o 3HaneHHe KaKTO 3a HCTOpHsrra Ha ifb n o K y n H H fl noB -buiK H pOAT» H30ÖUI0, T bH H 3a HCTOpHHTa Ha CfeKH H a p O A b O TA^AHO .

Pa3BHTHeTO, H a n p e A 'b K 'b T ’b H ip kA H H T b HiHBOTb Ha eA H H b HapoAb ce OTpa3HBaTb Han-Aoöpe bt. e3HKa My. KaTO ch noMH- CAHMb, KOAKO CTapH Ca eßpOnCKHT-fe HapOAH, a n bK b A O K y- MCHTaAHaTa hctoph h Ha n o ß e q e O Tb T -b x b 3axßam ;a eA B a ah He o r b A eceTH H a B-fexa H a caM b , to eAHHCTBeHb KAJOHb, ko h to hh O TB apa TbMHOTO MHH3AO Ha THH HapOAH, e n a K b e3H K b T b : TOH x p H e B b c e6e ch mhoto n ö jkhbh cnoM eH H h cBHAeTeACTBa, ot- k o ako to CA eA H rfe O Tb B em ecTB eH a x y A T y p a , o tko ako to chbkh H ^M H rpOÖOBe Cb KOCTH, H3KHTH H O p Ä lK H S , 3a KOHTO BeCTO n Ä T H He 3 H a e m b , hh bhh c a , hh o T K o ra c a . H a o n a K H , B b e 3 H K b T b c e OTpa3HB3 KaTO B b OTAeAaAO BOB'feuiKHHTb A y x b , H AeTO r o HBMHpaMe HCHBb, HAH Ha KHHT3 3ana3C H b, MOHieMb CM-feAO A a C Ä A H M b 3a MHH3AOTO Ha TOH H a pO A b, KOHTO TO e TOBOpHAb HAH

|| r o B o p n . „3 a H a ö-C T ap aT a h c to ph h, 3a kohto n p e c e K B a r b 3 CHBKH H3B0pH, HHipO A p y r O He n O M a ra T bH , KaKTO CpaBHeHHCTO Ha e3HUHT-fe H HapeHHHTa AO Hafi-TbH K H T'fe HM b npHAHKH H p a3- a h k h“ K a3ßa 3HaMeHHTHHTb H-bMCKH cJ)HAOAorb J a k o b G rim m (G esch ichte der deutschen S p ra c h e I. 5). I l o AyM HT-b, m o m y n o - T p -b ö a eA H H b H a p O A b , no3H aß aM e, k3k b o K yA T yp H O MHHaAO HMa TOH H apO A H H A aA H HapHOHaAHOTO M y p33BHTHe CH e B bpB *tA O CaMOCTOHHO, HAH 33BHCHMO, HAH aKC S 33BHCHMO, n a K b O Tb e3HKa M y noaH aB aM e, O Tb koh A p v r n HapOAH e 33^{bhchao t o}. T b ir ^k3^kto n o AyM HT-b, m o y n O T p tÖ H e A H H b B O B tK b , C/RAHMb 3a HerOBOTO o ö p a30BaHHe, T bK M o T b H n o A y M H T t h ah n o e3HKa Ha p-feAb H a p o A b C Ä A H M b 3a H e ro B a T a c e ra m H a h MHHaAa K y A T y p a .

LU,OMb h h a h ce 3aA0BHMb Aa H3CAeABaMe npoM'hHHT'fe, npe3b KOHTO e MHH3Ab e3HKbTb, mOMb HCnHTB3Me, KaKb HaqeBa, KaKb JKHB-fee, KaKb ce pa3BHBa h nponaAa e3HKbTb, me noAyBHMb hctoph h 3a Hero ^h c n o p e A t TOBa, AaAH ncnHTBaMe e 3 H K b T b K a T O O ß m o BOB- f eni KO A O C T O H H H e , HAH H3CAeAB3Me H-fe-

KOJI KO C p O f l H H e 3 H I i H , HJIH niKTb H3yiBaM e C a MO e j I H H T , O T Ä t i i e H l e 3 hk i , nojiynaBaMe t Ph bh n, a e 3 h q h a h c t o- p hh . n p H H i i n n a ^ H a , o 6 m 3 ^ 2 c th 3.

npnH unna^H aTa e3Htma hctophh H3Jiara 3 a K O H H T i j no KOHTO Ce pa3BHB3 H MtHBBa HOBtlHKHHrb e3HKT> H306lH0 KaKTO u n p H H U H n H T - b , KOHTO Tp-fe6a Aa HH cjiy»aT -b 3a ocHOBa Kora H3CJie^B3Me e3HHHrfe; th pa3r/ie,aBa n p i m H H H T i , kohto' npoH3BejK,aarb pa3HHTi> npoM tH H y e3HitHT-fe, H3nHTBa y c . a o - B H H T a , OT-b KOHTO 33BHCH H306li;0 pa3BHTHCTO Ha e3HpHTt H HH Ä 3 B a 7 aj r a> 7 K0HT0 * a ce ^{boąhmtj h hhh} Z a ^h3- c ^ B a w e HtKOH e3HK-b. K a T0 Hań-aBTopHTeTHO h oöm^npHSHaxo a^jio no npHHHHna^na h c toPhh „ a e sS p H T i e ciaHHHeHHeTO^Ha npod)ecop-b H e r m a n n P a u l p , ; ^ ; ■ c , Ha s c h i c h t e . H3n-fe3ao Bene ^bt, ^h-Ł^ko ńun ' P 1 6 n ^ Gn ^ P r a c h S e,"

CTapo, a , a n o c ra c ro rm o „ n Ä S S Ä m S e CMHHeHHeio „ a a a r m U c m n w h i t n T y

" T0 B\ X>,6? B0 " P e p * « » « » » » My „ i M c L „ p e a o i t ^m „ p £ L e T p z i g , 1876 U " d V , ' s p r ä c h e ,

0 6 m a e3HHHa hctoPhh ce noJiynaBa, Kora paarjiejm aM e n-fe-

c Z H Ka7 C p7 HH e 3HKa c P a B H H T ej >HO; n,ö Hanp.aKOHs- II ■

onHCBaMe Z * 0 ™ pa3BHTHe Ha c n a bahckht -fe e s n p h, hjih HH“ mPaaZ c T o To H Ha P O M a H C K H T 1 5 e 3 HUH, Ute n o .y -

€3HIJH. TaKHBa HCTODHH rp C,iaBHHCKHT'fe H-™ Ha pOMaHCKHTt

T e - H H r P a M a t ^

U IH H 3, C p a s m e / t H a r p a a a T H K a Ha c ji a bH h c K H T ? e 3h a h (V e rgleichende G ra m m a tik der slavischen S prachen) 4 n a c ra ; TaKaßa e C p a bhht e n h a t a r p a M a T H K a H 7 M a H C K H T i e 3 H Ij; H OT"b F rie d r ic h D ip7 fCirom f ' 1K a Ha P 0' n is c h e n S prachen), C p a bhht e n h f n r( ° ra m m a tlk d “ '<™ »- A o e B p o n e H C K H T t i ? / a, r p a M a T H K a Ha hh- d e r v e rg le ic h e n d p n r ° 7 ? T1> B a r B ru g m a n n (G ru n d ris s

u _ 7 ‘ Che d G ra m m a tik der in d o g e rm a n isch e n S prachen)

OTS J a n T a f f ” aa C*KH e s S

JTÄtnHO. TaKaßa h c t oPhh ch HMa cTkh ro p e -a o jiy K y n T y p e n t HapOÄT. 3a e3Hi<a ch — h n o p n no h^k o jiko. Tt,h 3a hTmc kh n Z s r h l p f r h p 7 n ? r i m m (G e sch ich te d e r deutschen S prache)

(HcTopnaecKaa rp a » M a ra Ka' p y c c „ a r o asHKa), c ’0 6 0 j f e ^b"^c “ i’B f c " " ? ? " ° P ‘ " P y ^ r o aabiKa), sa ¿ p W * « « - o , T A M o c m a , 1857 _j, - Bn e 0 c ? a n łT ° l öC4e ocTap'B^a) h o t b TT " f “ " ‘ " " “ f,” 1'’ , —o- JXa HH H H h , ho caM O j P Ha J ’ oPMHT'fe (H cTopH ja oöaHKa cpncK ora HnH xpßaTCKora

! B e o rP.aAy- 1878) ; sa neuiKH - o n , J. G ebauer, H is to - n c k ä m luvm ce ja z y k a ceskeho, I — III, rip a ra , 1 8 9 4 - 6 ,

da HCTopnaTa Ha 6-bnrapcKuü e3HK-b MoaxeM-b noconn tirp paooTH KaTo n"bpBH onHTH no Tan nacTb; e^Ha OT"b rfex-b e Ha

ncwicKH e3HK-b OTb XI,-pb A. K a l i n a . S tu d y ja nad h is o ry ją ję z y k a b u łg a rs k ie g o , K ra k ó w ,

1891,

a A p y ra e Ha pycKH OTb npo4>. n . A . J l a B p O B - b , O d 3 0 p b 3 B y K O B b l X t H 4) 0 P M a j l b H Ł J X 'b o c o ó e H H O C T e f l S o j i r a p c K a r o H 3 b i K a . KaKTO eAHaTa r b f i u ^ p y ra T a paóOTa no hctoph h Ha dbArapCKH e3HKb HMaTb cboh HeAOCTarbpH, npoH3^H3amH r^aBHO OTTaMb, ne npean T ^ b H-fe- Marne om e aobo aho npeAXOAHH pado™ H3b Ta3H oÓAacTb, ho h OT-b TaM-b, ue a B T o p n T t hmtj, KaTO He6bArapH, He m otah Aa cxBaH arb óeanorpbuiHO chhkh cj}aKTH o r b m h hhaoto h c e ra u i- HOTO Ha SbATapCKHH e3HKb. BłK. peu;eH3HH B b p x y T " k x b OTb npocj). Jl. M H | | a e T H H a : R b a r p y a a n o H C T O p H S T a n a 5 ó i . J i r a p c K H H e 3 H K i , M c 6 . X, kh h a c o t a. 1— 62.

C-kKH-eAHHb HapOAb, 3eTb H3ipbA0 Cb pa3H00Ópa3HHa CH AiHBOTb, npeACT3BH L ^ A b MHpb OTb (paKTH H nOHBH, KOHTO MO- ra T b Aa Ó A A a rb CbÓHpaHH, onncBaHH, H3yHBaHH — c b eAHa AyMa chhkh t4> M oraTb Aa c A y a ra rb 3a h a y h H o H 3 C J i e j i B a H e . T y K b e HCTOpHH, B ^pa, HpaBH, ATHAHma, OSa^KAO, e3HKb, HCKy- ctbo h chhko, m o e CBbp3aH0 6hao Cb AyrueBHHH, 6hao c b Ma- TepnaAHHH HapoAeHb AiHBOTb.

Tyń

chhko AaBa orpoM eH b M aie- p n a A b 3a H3ynB a H e , Ta cbC TaBH u iH p o K a H a y K a c b m h o t o o t- A ^a h, kohto Hań npHA-fera Aa ce Hapene T b ń , KaKTO h H a p e n e eAHO BpeMe npocpecopb UlnuiMaHOBb (M c d . I, 26), hmchho h a- p o A o y K a — eAHO 3am0T0 0 6 ’eMa chhko, uj,o ce OTHaca a o eAH-KOH-CH H a p O A b H ApyrO , 3auI0T0 Cb T33H HayKa ce 33HH- MaBaTb, no npaBO h no AAbAmocTb, c a MHT - f e ch hobe Ha cbOTBeTHHH Ha p o A b , noHeare e r k M b Hań-AOCT^nHa.

H H a uiH H T b H a p o A b , M a n a p b h T b ń MaAbKb, n o A a B a iu h- p o K o n o A e 3a HayHHa p a d o T a , kohto Cb ycri'fexb m e H3 B b p u iH M b n a K b Hne, ^chhobc H eroB H , 3a m o T O Ae>KH H a ń -d A H 3y H a M b a o C b p n e .

T y ń , m o Ka3axMe, hmb ocodeHo 3HaneHHe 3a HaniHH d b A - r a p C K H e 3 H K b , KońTO Ha póAeHb dbArapHHb m e e BHHara no noHHTeHb, o tk o a k o to Ha HyarAeHeub. He 0TKa3BaMb, ne ^h HyAiAeH eub 6h M orbA b y c n tiu H O Aa H3CAeABa e3HKa hh ; TOBa AOKa3B3Tb Xy6aBHTi3 CTyAHH Ha nOKOńHHH CAOBHHCKH 4)HAOAOrb O óAaKb B b p xy SbArapcKHTb roBopH, ho mhoto ah ca th h Hyac- AeHUH, koh to ce ÓHxa nocBeTHAH Ha SbArapCKa HayKa ? H o naKb nie Kaara, ne BbHmeHb H3CAeABaHb Ha dbA r. e3HKb pHCKyBa noBene Aa naAHe Bb rp in iK H , o tko ako to H aim m enb. npH M bpH 3a TOBa HMaMe ^{a o c tb h to hmchho} Bb oÓAacTbTa Ha d b A ra p - CKaTa 4)h ao ao i-hh. M3BecTHHHTb cóopHHKb Ha Ba. KanaHOBCKiń (naMHTHHKH d oA rapcK aro HapoAHaro TBopneCTBa, Cnd. 1881) cbA bpara Ha 555 CTpaHHim 225 nbCHH OTb 3anaAHa B b A ra p n a

— 3H3HH, iyfeAO CbKpoBHme; ho 3a AOAOCTb toh xyd a B b MaTe- pnaAb He e 3anHCaHb Aodpe, h to 3amoTO cbdnpaH bT b h a h 3a- riHCBanbTb My, dHACHKH HyJKAeHeub, He cxBaHaAb tohho d b A ra p - CKHT-fe 3ByK0Be H Tbń HCnbCTpHAb KHHTaTa CH Cb rp^IH KH , He CTaBa HeroAHa 3a HaynHa p aó oT a ; 32T0Ba h ocHOBaHHHTb B b p x y

Ton i| côopHHKî. T p y A t Ha TuxoBa „ O q e p K i r p a i u M a T H K H 3 a n aa ho 6 oar a p ck a r o H a p t q i a " (Kaaanb, 1891 p.) e sao

noA yraa paôoxa. XyoaBB npnurfepB 3a TOBa e h p e i H H K i n Ha J J i o B e p H y a , kohto npH cnqKaxa ch oô’ eMHocxb h nDea- HMCTBO, KaTO HbpBO HO pOABXB CH A^AO, nOKa3Ba Ha CÍK3 crpaHHua CAaönx-fe no3H3HHH no 6-bArapCKH e3HK-b Ha aBxona Ta

33 He , p tlU H m l,eCT0’ r0 B °PeñKH

3a 5-bArapcKH^ e3HK-b. lia H Kan-b oxAaAexo h KaKB M3hihhckh pasrAeABa TOH f l a n m m e a u n ,! A KaKB0 Aa KaxceMB 3a Ct v ahh H aA t h ç h a Ha 6 w r a p c K H H e3H K i “ oxb A K a- S a T a " Kr ™ Ka H°aT0I l “ Â M a ™ e « “ c b ra a c M b c j, ' npe- S ™ i , 5 p , e K H „r? ra„ r an p(„nl ncoX„ L ' 6n64- 671) ? C p = B „„.

SByKOBMXb a <j>oPMam.Hbix„ o c o S e M o c ie fl ' apœ arc,0 » ™ HO H TH HMa AOBOAHO rp-feujKH n n n u s n t, oonrapcKaro H3HKa, CB0HCTB3T3 H3 6 w 3 PCKHH S hkÎ ° ™ ,<PHB° CXBaUi aHe H n e CMe nPH3H3TeAHH aa thh, na h sa A p yrn paôora oxx, HyACAH TpyJKeHHHUH, oxotho HSBHHHBaMe xTxhhtT r& a n c H HDO- H3At3AH rnaBHO OTTaM-b, ne He ca paanoAaraAH ex, AOCTaknHH H3BOPH H noMaraAa no Tan qacxb, ho naKX> CMe aaxokhh Aa Ka 6 b T ra n Ml l ?K0 * HMa npeAMeT-b, cb nnexo H3CAeABaHe Bene ox” i Pl 30Hpa ce’ no^ ™ e H x > 3a paôoxa) me y c n te no- KOÍÍXO nana n a n T ' S I T n i Z Z T P° l lu m T h Haiu^ esHK-b, xyAOAiecTBCHO n sx-b m e k.

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t j h AOCTaBHx-b HayqeH-b h xyAOÂecTBeHx, MaxepnaA-b no ô L ir a p -

ckh e a m . Ako HtMarne h xaKHBa cxpoMHH ChTpyAHHim, AHecb AODHH CÖHDKH3 no ™ PÄteM 'L ^ T0AK0B3 AHaAeKTHHHH H (J)OAK-

« »a« î p ÿ l a m c o™ * * * « P“ 6» ™ “ «

„ „ ÍHOM-b H3yqHMb ox-b CHHKH CXpaHH ÔXjAPapCKHH e3HKX> 7 ô !y Z T ^ t Z ^ o Z , T o n : M “ ” T0 * * « “ » - p “ »

~ H a ™ yL Cr 3° . £ Rox-b Ha eAHHT,PCKH’ Pa3BHTHeT0> HanpeAX.KXaX'b h ntAHHxx, jkh-

f Hï> HaP°Âb ce oxpa3HBa b b e3HKa My; 3aTOBa Ha- poAB e t H3yqaBa HaË-Ao6pe no e3HKa ch, hah cé eAHo __ nn HayqHHH3aTA3BCKHnPOH3T 6H' ET° 33UX° ^ ° ™ HaH-BajKHHXb Hayqnn aaAaBKH Ha cIíkh napoAB, kohxo ce c m ít s 3a Ky^Ty-

p e H t, e Aa H3yqn m h h3j i o t o Ha e3HKa ch, k3kto h c e r a m - HHT-fe M y c b o h i h h h h n o C H i K H í t my r o B o p n .

HMaHKH n p e ^ t BHAb H3HIHH ÓbArapCKH e3HK'b KaTO Ha- y n e H ’b n p e A M e T b , ó b A r a p c n a T a (Jm AO AorHfl HMa A a p e iim t h h T pw rJiaBHH 3 a a a B K H :

1) JXa ycTaHOBH, KaKbBb e ÓHAb HaiuHHTb 6bArapcKH e3HKb, KoraTo ce o t a b a s OTb A p yrH rfc Heiwy cpoAHH e3Hun;

2) K aKb ce ivrfeHHBa h pa3BHBa dbArapcKHH e3HKb, a o k3to jKHB'be ^{o t a}^^aho 3a ce6e ^{c h};

3)

KaK'bB'b e c e r a dbArapcKHH e3HKb CAeAb CHHKHT-fe c h mÍ5h h a6h.

riOHeHíe cfeKH e3HKb CH HM3 pOAHHHCKH e3HIíH, ^to 3a Aa 3axBaHeMb HCTopHHTa

My,

T p t ó a npeAH c h h k o Aa onpeA'feAHMb HerOBOTO M'feCTO KbMb T"t>3H e3HHH H, KaTO TO O TAXH HM b OTb rfe x b , Aa cjieABaMe o t a^a h o t o My pa3BHTHe,

Bb

CAynasi Cb 6 b A r . e3HKb HM3 Aa nOKaJKeMb npeAH CH4K0, Bb K3KB0 pOACTBO CT0H TOH K b M b A p y r H T i C J I 3 B S H C K H e 3 H U H H n o K 3 K B O Ce p a 3 A H H a B a O T b T ' k X b . CAeAb KaTO r o OTA'feAHMb TbH OTb epOAHHT'fe

My

e3HUH H TO B3CMeMb KaTO C3Mo6h tH3 eAHHHUa, H3CAeABaMe h c t o p h m h h tIí M y c x a6h h m-15h h a6h. A noHex<e p a 3- jiH na B aM e K H H J K O B e H b h H a p O A e H b d b A ra p C K H e 3H K b , t o m e T p 'bS a A a c e n p o c A e A H p a 3BHTHeT0 K 3KT0 Ha c a h h h h, T a n a h Ha A p y r n a ; T b H m e n o A y q H M b n b A H a h c t o p h h Ha e 3HKa c h, k o h t o m e o 6 ’ eMa B b c e d e c h ABe H e p a 3A"fcAHH n a c T H : c x m a H C T O p H H H a 6 b A . e 3 H K b H Ó b A T a p C K a A H a J I C K T O J l O - t h h ; n b p B a T a h m h 3a ocHOBa h h c m c h h h t í n a M e T H H U H H a 6 b J i r . e 3 H K b O Tb H a fi C T a p o BpeM e a o H a tu n a h h, a B T o p a T a HM3 3a n p e A M e T b JK H B H T "fe Ó b A r a p C K H T O B O p H .

Cb

A p y r H AyM H HC || TOpHHTa Ha ÓbAT. e3H K b, B3eTa B b TaH CH A B 0 HH3 8 CMHCbAb, HMa 3a u e A b A a H3 CAeAsa p a 3 B H T H e T O H a 6 b J i r . e 3h kb n o B p e M e h n o m í c t o, c n p e ^ b Aa p a 3rA e A a h o6h c h h npOM'kHHT'fe, m o C TaB aTb Cb H e ro , O T K a K b saxm B 'fcB a KaTO k h h- j kob ehb e 3 H K b , a B b c x m o BpeM e A a H3CAeABa H e r o B H T t p a c- K í i o H e H H s n o r o B O p H h h a p e nhs. n o H e a c e A H e uiH H S T b 6 b A ra p C K H nHCMBHb e3H K b e CMÍ3Cb O Tb JKHBH db A T apC K H ro B O p H , TO H 3C A e A B 3 H K H H erO BO TO HCTOpHHeCKO p 3 3 B H T H e , HCBOAHO m e HH ce M ^ p n a T h n p e A b o h h A H e u iH H T 'fc d b A r a p c K H r o B o p n h, H a o n a K H , H 3 yH a B 3 H K H A H e u iH H T 'fc H a m H ro B O p H , H a H JK A a M e y T ^ x b H a MHoro C T apH H C K H O C T a T b A H , K 3 K B H T 0 B b AH eiH H H H HH KHHH<O BeHb e 3 H K b H Í M a . T b H 6 HBa, K O ra H 3 C A e A B 3 M e H CTO pH HeCKH C ^ K H >KH B b e 3 H K b . E^to 3 a m o M o a c e M b K a 3 a T o r a B a , n e H C T o p H H T a Ha e A H H b e 3 H K b h A H a A e K T O A o rH H T a M y ca A B e noA O B H H H O T b eAH O m fe A o : n b p B O T O n p e A n o A a r a n n c M e H H O C T b , a b t o p o t o — h í h b h r o - B O p H . AkO HfcKOH e 3 H K b He S'fem e ce p a 3 B H A b a o K H H IK O B e H b , m 'fe x M e A a H3y n a B a M e caMO H eroB H T-fe r o B o p n , t. e. mfcxMe A a HM3Me sa H e r o caMO A H a A e K T O A O rH H . H o K O ra e A y M a 3 a 5KHBb

k h h j k o b e H b e3h kb , eAH O 6 e 3 b A p y r o He M o n e e ; 3 a m o T O p a 3 -

r^O K ^aflK H pa3BHTneT0 Ha 6 bA r. e3HKb no B p e n i e , HMaMe h3hc- THHa npeAbBH Ab nOBene K H H JK 0 B H H H T b 6 ' b . T i r a p C K H e 3 H K b , ho rAeAaM e^npn TOBa Aa ycraHOBHMb, koh Hapemm ca 3h m3ah ynacTHe n u hah HHaKb npn 0 6 pa3yBaHeT0 Ha toh o 6m o6 bA ra p- ckh flHTepaTypeHT> o p ra rn ,; KoraTO n bK b H3CAeABaMe pa3BHraeTO Ha e3HKa ch n o m s c t o, CHpem. o6pa3yBaHeTO na 6 b A ra p c K H T i roBOpH, iviejiaM e Aa ycTaHOBHMb, K a K B o e C T a p o , kak b o e HOBO Bb THa rOBOpH H KaKb OTb eAHHb H iAO KyneH b e3HKb ce pa3BHB3Tb noAena-AeKa pa3HH tobophh oco6chocth, AOKaxo Ha- pa cTaTb c b BpeMe a o AnaAeKTHMHH pa3JiHKH. K o ra H3AaraMe HCTOpHHTa Ha Sb^rapCKHH nHCMeHb e3HKb, BbpBHMb no XpOHO-

^ o rn n e n b peAb o n c r a p o K b M b h o b o B p e M e , a m c x e a - B3HKH eAHHCTBOTO H3 SbATapCKHTi rOBOpH, BbpBHMb H a S B A b

„ Tl3 Hame BP£Me KbMb OTAasHa ^{m h h}3^ah t o a h h h, — 3a Aa AOHAeMb a o 0Ha3b o6iya to h k3, o tac to ch m h c ah m-b HaneTbKbTb Ha Ob^rapcKOTO AHaAeKTHHHo pa3KA0HeHHe.

T b ii noCT^nBaMe, c b peAb Aa MoxKeMb noAena-AeKa c b BpeMe Aa Bb3CTaH0BHMb ^ohh npaSbArapcKH e3HKb, ^{koh to} ca AOHeCAH 6aAKaHCKHTij CAOB^HH Bb HOBOTO CH OTeaeCTBO OTCaMb

|| R y n a m , hah koh to ce e rOBopHAb KaTO Hapenne oipe Bb 1 H-feKoraiuHaTa o6mocAaBHHCKa pOAHHa. H axo ce Bb3CTaH0BHTb

CHllKH ^ HemHH CAaBaHCKH e3Him, no AecHo me KOHTO OTb CROHA rT n M •71HK'i T 'fc »a 0 6 lHHH npaCAaBHHCKH C3HKb,

J PaHa H b K b m e nOMOTHe Aa ce Bb3CT3H0BH o e m n a T b AHT0CA3PHHCKH e 3 H K b , K o e ro e KpaflHH yeA b Ha c m b u h"

CKaTa 4)HAOAorna.

HcTopnaecKOTO H3CAeABaHe Ha 6bA r. eaHKb h m3 r o A i Mo 3HanenHe He caMO nacTHO 3a Hacb S b A ra p H T i, ^{ho h} 3a ijtA a T a c A a B H H C K a H a y n a , 3amoTO HH OTraTBa MHOro BbiipocH kohto s a c ir a r b HCTopnara na chhkh CAaBancKH e am m ; a noneace S a " ^ ? M ce r ° P ^ e c * TBbPAe CTapn HHCMeHHH naMex- HHAH, TO H Bb CpaBHHTeAHOTO e3HK03H3HHe 3aeMa BHAHO M-feCTO H cbCTaBa, MoaceMb Ka3a, b3jkho 3bcho Bb BepnraTa Ha h h a o- eBponCKHTt e3HHH. 5e3 b CTapo6bArapcKHT-fa naMeraHUH CAaB- HHCKaTa (pHAOAorHH He 6h HanpaBHAa T03H y c n ix b , c b kohto ce r o p A ie c e ra ; ^th He 6^h noMorHaAa TbH Ao6pe Ha ^oS^{iho to} cpaB- HHTeAHoe3HK03HaHHe,aKOHiMarne C T a p o S b A r a p c K H e 3 H K b , 3ana3eHb HaMb tohho h echo no jkhbhh My HapoAeHb H3roBopb

npeAH XHAHAa rOAHHH. F

HMaHKH npeA b BHAb Tyfl ro A iM O 3HaneHHe Ha CTapoSbA- rapcKH e3HKb OTb eAHa CTpaHa, OTb Apyra — TbMHaTa H e n 3- BeCTHOCTb, KOHTO CKpHBaiHS AOCKOpO SbATapHTi H e3HKbTb HMb, pa 36HpaMe xy6aBo, KaKb Moacexa AecHo Aa ce 3a6AyAHTb h Han AapoBHTH yMOBe, o thochtc ah o npoHcxoAa Ha toh CTapoAaBeHb e3HKb, H KaKb 6h ce nOBAHHAb C-feKH OTb HaHHOHaAHH qyBCTBa Aa r o CMbTa 3a e3HKb no 0AH3bKb a o cbohth ch HapoAHOCTb.

H 3ynBaHeTO Ha e3HKa hh no BpeMe h no m^cto m e hh o6hchh H TOH B bnpocb, m e hh y T B b p A H o m e n o B e n e Bb y6ex<AeHHeTo

ve e3HKbrb Ha KHpnma h Mc t o a h h HaHCTHHa npoHcxox<Aa oTb ó b x ra p c K a 3eMa. T b ił ocßeHb TOXKOBa 3ByKOBH h m o p^oxoxoch

npujiHKH, m o h u AOCTaBHTb ô bxrap cK H rfc roBopH, KaTO xyóaB b AOK33b 3a nö 6x h3k o poACTBO MexcAy d a p o h HOBO-6bxrapcKH, 6-bnrapcKaTa AHaxeKToxorHH me ^hh AOKax<e ^h TOBa, ve c h h k h

ÖHHH XyÖaBH ÄyMH, n03H3TH HaMb OTb CTapO-ÖbXTapCKHrfc naMeT- h h ijh, ca ÄOCTOHHHe orne ^h AHecb Ha ô b x ra p c K H ii e3HKb — pa3- 6npa ce, He Beve KaTO o6mo-H3BecTHH AyMH, a KaTO npoBHHUHa-

II

JIH3MH. K o ił He e efem axb paaocTHo vyBCTBO, Kora nperxexoAa 10 AHa^eKTHVHH h a h (poJiKJiopHu MaTepnaxH h cpem ne 6e3Haae30H H-feKOH erapoöbJirapC Ka AyMa, 3a k o h t o He e n pe A n o x a ra x b , ve a HM3 no S bxrapcK H rfe ro B o p n ? TaKHBa AyMH t h ce C TpyBarb KaTO AaxeveHb oTeKb o r b oH yił CTapo BpeMe, KoraTo c h v k h 6 b x - rapcKH c x o b íj h h ca rn roBopHXH K a ra oSh k h o b c h h; axa AHecb 3a ÆHecb rn CM^TaMe h a h 3a AbxßoKH npoBHHijmaxH3MH, hjih 3a BHCOKH KHHXÍHH H3pa3H, BbCnpHeTH HaHOBO OTb pyCKaTa KHHXC- HHH3.

Bx<.

noBene 3a TOBa no AOAy Bb rxaBa

III.

H3CAeABaHeT0 Ha 6 b x r . e3HKb, 6ujio n o KHHxcoBHHrk My H3BopH, 6h x o no xm B H rfc My ro ß o p n , HM3 n o K p a ił vHCTO H ayv- HaTa cn a e jib o m e n n p a K T H V H a , t. e. H3AaraiÍKH Hayq- HHT-fe HCTHHH 3a ÖbXrapCKHH H.-bXOKyneHb e3HKb, Aa HH nOACiiTH, ne HainaTa KHH>KHHHa ce Hy>KAae o m e o r b eAHHb AOÔpe yp e A e H b o p ra H b Ha ö b x ra p c n a T a MHCbXb, OTb eAHHb ö o ra T b h rx a A b K b nHCMeHb e3HKb, KOHTO Aa 6 ^ A e c p xvH O o p ^ A H e KaKTO 3a H a yxa , T b ii h 3a xyA oæ ecTBO . Eto h B b Tax n o c o x a H c ro p H irra Ha e3HKa

h h m e h h noKaxce, Ae K3k b o HMaMe h i<oe 6 u 6h a o c t o a h o Aa

bJijà3e B b HauiHH KHHAiOBeHb e3HKb, 3a Aa CTaHe o 6 m o 6 x a ro 3a CHHua h h.

Ome

nö

roA-fcMo 3HaveHHe

h m3

HCTopnvHaTa u AnaxeKTO-

jiorH V H a n p o y n a Ha e3HKa h h aa y p e x c A a H e n p a B o n n c a h h. H3CAeABaHKH HCTOpHHHOTO p33BHTHe Ha e3HKa CH, HHH y3HaBaMe m o e Bb Hero CTapo, mo e h o b o, mo e cxmecTBeHo h mo — H e ; Cb eAHa AyMa noxyvaBaMe no xceHb norxeA b k3k t o Bbpxy BÄTpeUIHHH CTpOH Ha e3HKa, T bił H Bbpxy HerOBOTO BbHUIHO oôJitKJio — npaBonnca. Toraßa me ce yß tp n M b Bb eAHa HCTHHa, ve HauiHHTb ôbArapCKH esHKb Bb pa3BHTHeT0 ch, KaTO roBopeHb e3HKb, e oTHiueAb TBbpAe MHoro HanpeAb, ho Cb npaBonncbTb

ch e ocraHaxb m h o t o, m h o to Ha3aAb.

A

moMb y3HaeMb t33h

HCTHHa, OTbpcBaMe ce o rb m h o to npeApascxurbim h rxeAaMe Cb nö Tp"fe3HH OHH Ha TOBa OCe rH ^ A O , KaKBOTO e ÖbJirapCKOTO

„npaBonncaHHe“ .

B t J ir a p C K H H e3HKT> KTjIVITj A p y r H r b CJiaBHHCKH e3HU,H.

1. Cxiuhhckh 6-b.rapcKH es™ * h caoBtHo-ßwapcKH. - 2. ZtaeujHHHTT, 6 w a p c KH e3łlK1> - Henopewn. cjisühhckh e3HKi>._3. CnaBHHCKart esuuH b i, pejn,n. Ha ap yrH rt CpOUHH TtMl, HHÄOeBponCKH Í3HUH. - 4. C-bOTHOUieHHe Me>Kfly eaponcKHrt eBHUH - 5. n p a * HBHme „a c x a p a rt cbbbbhh. - 6. C^oraomeHHe Me*ay CMBHHCKHrt e3MUH.— 7. KjiaCH*HKam.a», iwidLMipHKaUHH Ha CJiaBHHCKHfÈ e3HUH..

—

o n8.

no-

jiOÄSHHe Ha o t a r . e3HKT, Me*ay nnvrnrh «x A^yiMi-B caaBHHCKH e3HUH. — 9. noaoH<eHHe Har> n ÄHemHHH &bnr. eaHKT, » l M l cP1,6ckh, 6) kt,« * xbpBaTCKO-caoBeHCKH, b) « m pycKHj r) KT.MT, noacKH, a) k t m i caoBaujKH H H eiHKH._i0.O 6m o aaKaioweme- ßwrapcKH rt caoBtHe bt, CiapHTt ch »Hanum ceuonnpaau ca, pycH, e t nonami’.

e t caoBauH h ct> caoBeHO-XT,PBara, ho ct> uexn h ct>P6h _ He. — 11 oioBtHoöbJirapcKH HapenHH ome ott, Haß cTapo BpeMe.

r v u P C K H e 3 H K , b pa3ÖHpaMe ÄHeC-b 0H3H CA3BHH- RerTHH nOAb HMe ÄHeUIHHrfc ßaAKaHCKH CAaBHHH, H3- S » fi a p H - 3a pa3JU,Ka OTb e3H«a na A c n a p y - X 0 B H T Í3 6 T , a r a p H 6«xMe r o HapeKjiH nö npaßo c a o B i H O - ö i I - r a p c K H e 3 H K b , KaKTO ro HapHuaxa HancTHHa nbpBHT'b HHcaTejiH OTT, H O B o ß w a p cK a T a KHHÄHHHa. H o n oH oxe AHecb 3a aHec-b j p y r o HecjiaBBHCKO n/ieMe Cb TOBa HMe H-feMa, hah ano h m3 to m e e TbH H e s H a ia x e ^ o h n , f l A a œ K i, o tt, ÄHe m H m t O w a p ¿ ne

«e Mo>Ke M h A yMa sa HeÄopa 3yMeHHe, to MoxceMb c K H 6 ^ - a p c K H e s H K b n4, ^ Me naIa> C ; I 0 B 'f e H 0 - 6 b ^ r a p C K H H a p O A b H CAO-

JjH0-6barapcKH

e 3 H K b .

Tyxb

ocTaBHMe Ha CTpaHa B b n p o c b T b 3a n p o H e x o a a Ha AHeuiHHH ö b A ra p c K H HapOAb KaTo a o b o ah oo6hc- H e H b ; a koako to 3a n p o H c x o ^ a h 3HaneHHeT0 na caMOTOHMe „6 b A - ra p H H b “ , MoaceMb aa n o coqH M b Bene cnennaAHa CTyAHH — OTb m “ ® H 0 B a (KpHTHHeHb n p e r^ e A b h np. M c6 .

X V I

— - A V ll. , ÖUÖ—-/d O ), n,eTO B bnpO C bT b 3a Ha3B3HHeT0 „ 6 b /ir a p H H b “ e H cnepnaH b ^{a o h}3H-^chthh noA poÖ H O cra. T y ü KoeTo e 3a n a c h B3JKHO A a 3HaeMb, to e ne hmcto ö b A r a p H H b e H a r p a n e H O H U y j K A O 3a OTCaMAyHaBCKHTi CAOB^HH H He OHOBa HeCAaBHHCKO M e M e , Ha KoeTo 6hao c h a c h o Aa cbeAHHH thh c a o b íh h Bb O b A r a p c K a A b p x < a B a , ncue3Ba c b BpeMe TbH, qe A H e cb 3a

II

12 A H ecb ocBeHb HMeTO My h h^koako AyMH OTb e3HKa M y — h h- K3KBH AHpH H"feMa Bb CAOB'kHO-ÖbArapCKHH CTapb H HOBb e3HKb.

M a x a p b h nbpBHH Tb aaueTbK-b Ha ö b A ra p c x a T a A tp H ia B a Aa ce AbAHH Ha qyx<Ao nuenie, M axapb h caMOTo HMe Ha 6bA-

ra p u rfc Aa He e OTb cAaBHHCKa BAana, AHecb 3a AHecb, k o h t o

H3yqBa e3HKa Ha ö bA ra pH T ii, T p tó a Aa npH3Hae, He t o h e t b k m o

TbH CA3BAHCKH, KaKTO LU.0 e HanpHM-fep-b pyCKH HAH CptÓCKH. Pi

k o a k o t o nö BAbAÔoneno H3yHB3Me HauiaTa AyxoBHa u BemecTBeHa

KyATypa, T0AK03b noBene ce yBtpABaMe, ne AHemHHTfe öbArapH He M o r a r t no hhluo Aa ce A^AATb OTb ü.pyrnT'b c a a b a h h h ne t ííx h h tÍd n p a A tA H , HapaBHO Cb n p a A tA H T t Ha Cbpßo-XbpBaTH, pycH, c a o b c h u h, no-oflUH h nexH, ca 6ujie qjieHOBe Ha eAHO h

CÆUHO CAaBflHCKO HJieMe, AŒB'feAO TO eAHO BpeMÍ HCHAO u'è a o- KynHO — B"b Ä3HH h a h Bb Eßpona — cè eflHO. O n ie noBene, Tan cboh cjiaBHHiHHHa ôbA rapH rfe H noKa3axa H a ii-H a n p e A b o r b CHHKH CAaBflHH, KOraTO om e Bb

IX

BÍ>Kb rjbpBH MOK^y CBOHT'b CA3BHHCKH ÔpaTfl OCHOBaXa KHHJKHHHa H n p b c x a x a npOCB^THH 3apn KbMb CHHKH CAaBflHCKH CTpaHH. 3aTOBa H3CAeAB3HKH AHemHHfl ôbArapCKH e3HKb, k o a k o t o h Aa hh onyABaTb h^k o h

HeroBH H arjieA b HecAaBHHCKH ocoôeHOCTH, HHe naKb CMe npHHy- ächh Aa ro cM^TaMe 3a HHCTO-cJiaBflHCKH e3HKb, 3am,oTo, B3peMb JiH ce nö a t a ó o k o Bb t^ h ocoöeH oc™ , 6bp30 ce yßipflB aM e, ne h T"fe npoH3AH33Tb OTb o6m a cflaBAHCKa ocHOBa ; T b ií ne AHeiXlHHflTb ÖbflrapCKH e3HKb BOAH KODeHa CH OTb OH3H C/KLHH npacAaBAHCKH e3HKb, k o h t o ce c M iT a 3a o 6 m b H3Bopb Ha ch h k h

CAaBflHCKH e3HUH.

3 a TOfl npac^iaBAHCKH e3HKb h 3a HeroBOTO noAOjKeHHe K b M b A p y r H T t HHAoeBponCKH e3HHH H'feMa o m e ycTaHOBeHO mHe­

n n e M ejKAy yn e H H T ii. Ea h h r o CM-feTarb 3a n ö ÖAH3bKb a o

H p a H C K H H K aoH b HHAoeBponCKH e3HUH, a A p y rn r o cpoAHBaTb noBene Cb r e p M a H C K H f l KAOHb. Ea h o e c n ry p H o , ne t o h cto h

Hañ -6 flH 3 y a o TbH HapeneHHT-fc ö h a t h h c k h e3HUH (a h t o b c k o-

a c t c k h h C T aponpycK H ) h no cfena BispoATHOCTb h m a a o eAHO BpeMe eAHHb o6lHH J I H T O - C A a B f l H C K H e3HKb, KOHTO ce AO-

n H paA b OTb eAHa cTpaHa e t r e p M a H C K H , OTb a p y r a — Cb HpâHCKH. TOBa CAeABa He CaMO OTb HiiKOH n ö TOfliiMH npHAHKH Ha AHTOCAaBflHCKH Cb HpaHCKH H repMaHCKH, OTKOAKOTO Cb A p y rH eBponcKH h a h 33HHCKH C3HI1.H, a h OTb caMOTO re o rp a ^ H H H o nOAOHieHHe Ha AHTOCAaBflHHTfe : KOAKOTO MHOrO BpeMe H A a e Il MHH3AO OTb pa3CeABaHeTO Ha HHAOeBponCKHTii HapOAH, n a K b 13 MOAceMb Aa HaraxKAaMe, ne eAHOBpeMeuiHOTO CbceACTBO e 3ana- 3eHo h a o A H ecb M em Ay a h t o c a3bh h h h repMaHHH, a n b K b M eiKAy CA3BAHH H apHHHH (apMCHUH H n e p C fl) H iiM a H A H ecb A p y rH HHAoeBponCKH HapoAH. Pa30Hpa ce, ne npHAHKaTa Meacay pa3HHT"fe HHAoeBponCKH e3HIÍH He npOHCXOAÍAa BHHarH OTb n b p - BOHanaAHO POa c t b o, a h O T b n o c A e u i H O C b c e A C T B O . T b ñ Hanp. aAÔaHCKH e3HKb «Ma npHAHKH Cb r p b ijk h h a a thh-

c k h, ho TOBa He 3H3HH, ne to h c to h n o n p o H C xo A b n ö ÔAH3y AO rp b liK H HAH AO A3THHCKH OTKOAKOTO AO H"feKOH A p y rH eB pon- CKR H AH 33HHCKH e3HKb ; TOBa e CaMO CAeACTBHe OTb A b A T O C b c e A C T B O h HHin.0 A p y ro . Et o 3am,o e TBbpA e m a h h o Aa ce onpeA'fe-’in iit ip b h h h o t o p o a c t b o Ha HHAoeBponcKHTfc e3HUH, eTO

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