g M C TO PM fl
B T 3 / ir A P C K M H E 3 H K T )
ripO'ï’ECOP'b B. UOHEB'b
B. CnEUHAJlHH HACTH
(C b ABE flH A/IEKTO J10r H 4 HH KAPTH)
TOMTî TPETM M nOCJIE.fl.EH'b
nOCMTaPTHO H3ÄAHME
nOÄT> P E flA K U H flT A HA
nP04>. Ä-P'b CT. MjIAAEHOB-b
— nPH/IBOPHA nEMATHMUA — 1937 HA
M C TO P M fl
HA
ET d / F A P C K H M E 3 M K T >
OTT.
ripo^ECOPij B. UOHEBTj
E. CnEUHA/IHH HACTH
(CT> ABE flH A.nEKTO/lOI HMHH KAPTH.)
TOMTj TPETM H nOC^EAEHT>
nOCM-bPTHO H3/1 AH ME
TIOATb P E A A K U H flTA HA
n p o * . A-Pb Ct. Ma a a e h o b t*
CO<J>MH — nPHABOPHA nEHATHHUA — 1931
8 9 9 9 8 7 / 3
Biblioteka
Uniwersytetu Gdańskiego
* 1 1 0 0 8 8 3 9 8 1 *
x> m M ap
\
1100883981
B. C r i E U H A J 1HH M A C T M
IV.
y j 3 , A P E H H E
3a yaapeKHeTO bt» 6-bJirapcKHiî e3HKT», [cpaBHeHO ct> y a a - peHHeTO bt» A p y ra rfe K)roH3TOHnn cjiaaHHCKH e3Hu,n (pycKH , cpi»6- CKO-XTspBaTCKHj H CJIOBeHCK«)...
yBOAi». yaapeHHeTO bt> HauiHfl ÔMrapcKH e3HKT> He e H3CAeA- BaHO. „rpa^HBueTO“ kt>mt> CJiaBHHCKaia aKueHTOAorHH ott> H. A . Bopa- HeKi» h R. CtoAhobt» c. 3. CpaBneHHe Ha HHAoeBponeiîCKHT'fc e3HUH otktjmt» yaapeHHe. Pa3AHHHH xnnoTe3H 3a pa3B0ft h npOM-ÈHH Ha m>p- BOHanaanoTO HanoeBponeflCKO yAapeHHe ; 3aaaqa Ha npeaaaraHM TpyaT»— aa ce «OKa>Ke, qe r o r o H 3 T o q H H T ' b c a a B « H C K H e 3 hhh (ÔTiJirapCKH, pycKH, CpT>6cKO-Xî.pBaTCKH H CA0B6HCKH) H M a T T» e p a K - bo y j a p e n n e ; nocae, Aa ce bhah k3kbo e yAapeHHeTO b i thh e3Hi;H h Haiî-ceTHe «a ce bhah n o K a K B H 3 3k o h h h n p a B H i a c e e b o ah a o K > r 0 H 3 T 0 q H 0 - C A a B H H C K 0 T 0 y j a p e H H e , sa Aa noAyqn cerauiHHH ch bhat>. M n o j a ï a Ha H3caeABaHeTO TptÔBa Aa 6xA e c p a B H H i e i H a : o tk3kt» ce BiiBeHCAa cpaBHHTeA- hoto H3yqBane Ha e3HHHrfe, ott> Tora3T> HMaMe cxmHHCKa $haoao- thh c. 3— 6. BnAOBe yAapeHHH — TOHnqecKO hah cpaqHO, AoraqecKO hah CHHTaKcmecKO, opaiopcKo, MeipHnecKo h npOBHHHHaAHO ; 3H3ko- BeT'fe 3a T p u r h rpiiH K H yAapeHHH 6— 10. — yAapeHHe ct> „My3H- K3aho HOAnraHe Ha rA a cM i» “ hah ct> „yciweHO H3nymaHe Ha r-Aac-Mi.
Hpe3t AHXaTeAHHH oprani»“ c. 10. CnopeAT» L. B enloew HHAoeBponefl- ckoto yAapeHHe h e ce ct>ctohao m>pBOHaqaAHo bt> y c H A B a H e Ha r a a c t> tt,, khkto cera, a b t> M y 3 H K a A H 0 H 3 A H r a H e Ha m a- cbT-b. ripHHHHnbTT» 3a no-BHCOKO My3HKaAHO yAapeHHe Bi>pxy n o c a e a- h o t o o n p e j t j H i u e („le p rin c ip e du dernier déterm in ant“ ).
JIornqecKH npHHUHnt 3a yAapeHHe. KBaHTHTeTi» 10— 12. Ben- lo e w ’ata TeopHH „CTpanHa“ cnopeaT» JI. Ma3HHrr» 12— 13. TeopHH-
Crp.
3—84
CTp.
Ta Ha 4>p. B o n i , ne Bb cbhckphtckh raeaaan aa Typan» yaa- peHHeTO koakoto ce Moace nö kt»mt» Haaaaoxo Ha ayw aTa; to 6hao
„Hafl-aocTOHHCTBCHO“ h Haft-eHeprHHHO; cnopeaa» Jl. Ma3HHrb TOBa e
„npoH3BoaHO npeanoaoateHHe“ 13— 14. MHeHHa 3a rp'bUKHT’fe yaa- peHHH acutus h g ra vis 15— 16. E3huhct» onpealvieHO hahhoctohhho yaapeHHe h ct» Heonpea'bAeHO hah HenocToaHHO yaapeHHe 17— 19.
B-wirapcKOTO yaapeHHe — HeonpeataeHO, cboöoaho, hoabhwho 20—21.
Cnopeaa» fl. rp o n » yaapeHHeTO e „TaflHa co3aaHia caoBa“ 21— 22.
— 4 e T H p H a n u e H T H H c H C T e s i H b t> 6 u r a p c K H e 3 hkt»:
1. KocTypcKO h ah BTOpocpaaHO _ w; 2. npHA-fenCKO hah Tpe- TbocpHiHO _ ¿ _ 3. BoaeHCKO HaH’ aBycpHUHO w _ i , 4. 0 6 - .moöbarapcKO h ah pa3HocpHTHO ¿. 23—29. — 3 a o ö m o - ö i J i r a p C K O x o y a a p e H H e h H e r o B H H T T > o c H O B e H t 3 a - k o h t»: yaapeHHeTO bt» öbarapcKHö esnin» r b p c n BHHarn xpaTKH cpaq-
«h, a a ta ru T ti H3ÖtrBa 29—34. — KßaHTHTeTT, h yaapeHHe e x ce a ip a o a H otT) Kpaft BpeMe eaHO o apyro, k3kto ce BHHtaa oco6eHo HCHO BT» CTbpÖOXbpBaTCKH J HeTHpH BHfla yaapeHHH BT» IHOKaBCKH CT»
oraeaT» Ha ataiKHHaia 3 4 — 40. IleTb BHaa aoHa3aieacTBa 3a xpaT- KOCpHHHOTO yaapeHHe bt. lorOHaiOMHUTt» caaBHHCKH eauuH 40 48.
Hafi-HKO aoKa3aieacTBO 3a KpaTKOCpHHHOTO yaapeHHe bt» K>roH3TOHHO- caaBHHCKHT’b e3HUH — cpaBHeHHe Ha 6'barapcKH h cptöcKH m»pßO- o6pa3HH HMeHa, cera eaHOcaoiKHH h aßycaoiKHH cxmecTBHTeAHH, no .KBaHTHTeTHH cxeMH: I. ■— •— • CT»p6ox. kOh o, ßöaa ; II. — ■ a^sep, j y HäK ; III — rjiäßa, c^H a; I V .--- : npä3HÄK, JionÖB. Bt> 6t>jir.
HenOÄBH>KHO yaapeHHe bt> 6pam , zpax, h üoä*» cpijö. w w 6 p ä i, r p ä x ; CÄ.UXO bt> 6T>Jir. KAäda, Kpäcma, cßpana. . . , cpi>6. cxm a cxeMa h t. h. 4 8 — 75. — I Ioabh^hoctb Ha ö'LJirapcKOTO hjih h3o6iho cjiaBHHCKOTO yuapeHne. Pa3KJiamaHe Ha mjpBOHaqaaHOTO HenoflBH>KHo yaapeHHe npoH3Ji'fc3Jio, moMT> H3He3H3JiH epoBcrfc bt> oKOHHauHHTa h KoraTO ce hohbhahaT»arH yaapeHH cpnuKH 75— 84.
EejieiK K H 3a a y M H r b ct. noaBHHtHO h HenoÄßHHtHO y a a p e - HHe bt» 6 'b a ra p c K H e3HKT» (m. ap. HMeHHH cy4)HKCH, kohto npnBAH- qan» yaapeHHeTO, hah c x HHan^epeHTHH kt»mt» H e ro ; yaapeHHe Ha raaroJiHHrfc (Jjopmh) ...
V.
H3T> C H H T A K C A T A .
OnpeataeHH h Heonpea-baeHH cfropMH bt» ß-barapcKHü e3HKt 94— 109 G ia p H rt naaeiKHH 4)opMH c x HeonpeataeHH; 3aTOBa 6x>ar. e3HKT>
e Haö-öeaem» otkt»mt> TaKHßa naaesKHH (J)opMH, a ch oöpa3yBa onpe-
Orp, aii.ietlH HM6HHH (JjOpMH Ch HJieHT, H naaeiKHH cjîOpMH CT. npe,TJI03H.
Bchhkh HeonpeaiaeHH raaroam (popwH (raarojiHH iiMena) ex H3ne3- H3JIH, HO 33T0B3 n*bKT> ce HBHBarb HOBH raarOaHH (pOpMH, K3KBHTO Hf.Ma Bb HHKOfl Apyi'H CJI3BHHCKH 63HKT>.
V I.
AHAJIEKTO JlO rH H.
3 a HCTOHHOÔ'bJirapCKHH BOKajIH31>Ml>... 110— 194 0 6ihh 6eae*KH 110— 112. 03HanaBaHe Ha hctohhoô. 3ByK0Be H3o6mo 112— 116. a 116— 121. -k 121— 133. f 133— 134. a 134—6. k.
336— 145. 3a h3T01Ho6 bar. 3ByK-b 'g (orb e, * h 0 145—163. h
163— 164. * 164— 165. «y 165. t i 166- t. 166— 170. <n, h a-k 170—182.
* 173— 179- Xaa-rycb u m 3-ÈB-b. CxapameHae 179—181. Oraea« orb HCTotiHo6i>arapCKH e3aio>. Oôpa3HH orb JloBiaHCKHH roBopa. 182— 194.
K t. Mi. HOApoôHaTa xapaKTepHCTHKa Ha H 3 T O H H o 6 b a ra p -
«KHT-fe rOBOpH : (JjOHeTHKa, MOp(j)OJIOrHH, peHHHKT» (rlonpaBKH H ÄO-
irbaHeiiHH KbMb MnjieTHqcBaia KHHra .Das Ostbulgarische” ) • . • 195—300 Ybout.. CeBepoH3T- h roroH3T. roBopn naKb no -k, a He no
naein, otnb h o, c- 195— 204. H am. ht. -k ocTanaaarh 11 otjihkh Meacay H3tomho6tjJI. h 3anaaHo6-b.il. ne rîa>K,ix-b 205— 214. H3t. 6bar. roBOpa H-feMaTT. eaHaKBO yaapeHHe, npaM-bpa h nonpaBKH 214—226.- Mhhmh omhkh Ha ceB. H3T. o-Hapeaae 226—8 ; HenperaaceHO n>228—231.
fbOHeTHHHH, Mop^oaoraaHH, aKueHTHH h acKCHKa.iHH pyniuHHH Bb UlyMeHCKHa roBop-b 232—240. Hochíi h npeceaeHaa 241—245. llo- JipaBKH B'i. (poiiCTHKaTa hMop^toaorasiTa Ha UlyMeHCKHa roBop-b 245—265- BeaoKKH 3a u n -Hapeaae — óciakcmcku roBOpa 265—278, pyncKo-po-
•àoncKu rOBOpH 278— 300, ocoôeHo 3a peaHHKa.
AwajieKTHH c-ryaHH no ioroH3TôHHa E b a ra p H H ... 301— 314 Jl,najieKTHH CTyanH no ceßepo3anaaHa EbarapHH . . . . 315—331
V II.
nPABOnHCb H CTHJ1T>.
1. Beae>KKH 3a 6-bJirapcKHH e3HKb h npaBonncaHHeTO My . 332— 364 npoH3HomeHHeTO Ha -k e r.MBHaTa pa3aaica Mea<ay asTOHHOÔbar-
M 3anaaHo6bar. ; bchhkh apyra nocoHBaHH npH3HaHa He Morarb aa cay- KaTb 3a ataaaóa. Tp-bÔBa aa ce nonpaßa öbarapcKaa npaBonac-b — aa ce orpaHaaa ynoTp-feôa-ra Ha -k (aaa cbBceMb aa ce MaxHe).
2. npaBoriHCHH 6ejie>KKH [3a H e A O C T a T tu nrt Ha „yn;& TB a- He 3a o6m,o npaBonncaHHe" O T t 1839. r. no BpeMeTO Ha m h- HHCTpa T. M ß a H H O B t]...
C n n c tK t Ha ayMH, cy$HKCH h tj)opMH. KOHTO no eTHMOJiornsTa
ch ctAtpacaTt tb, a ce He cnoMeHyBaTt B t „ y n/j.TBariexo c. 367.
CnHCtKt Ha ÄyMH, B t kohto tb n o a t yaapenne h He np e a t Mena cpHHKa raacH e, a He a 368—369. PycKH h nepKOBHH AyMH ct, tb = e 369. C n n c tK t Ha b c u i k h j y M H (okojio 80). B t kohto m raacH a 370—371. CnHCtKt Ha ayMH¡ bt> kohto » h He Aoxaaaa Ha sBe c t H3roBopt h, a caMO e t e 371—372.
3. IlpaBonnct h 6 jia ro 3 B y H H e ... 382 398 3a 6.ia r03ByHHCT0 Ha ô ta ra p c x a T a pens MajiKO ce e nncajio, a
to 3acjiyacBa He eaHa-ABe, ho mhoto h mhoto CTyaHH 382. OcBeHt B t H3roBOpa Ha n Karo h Moace h B t Apyrn cayaan «a ce nocTHrae 6 jia ro 3ByHHC, Koero 6hb3 : 1. cthxotbopho, 2. nepHoaso, 3. chht3K- THHHO, 4. CaOBOTBOpHO) 5. MCJKayCaOBHO H 6 . (pOHeTHHHO 382—386.
CaoBOTBopHO 6jia ro 3ByqHe B t KpaTKH h rnaAKH ayMH 386—389. Baa- r o 3B y ra o job, Ab h bp, bA 392. E y 4)OHHHHO npaBHao 3a n t a e H t h He n t a e H t a a e H t 392—393. P a 3HH bhaobc 6 a a ro 3ByHHH ctneTaHHH Mea<aycaoBHH ; 6a a ro 3ByiH e B t otaIxteih a y m h 394 398.
4. K t M t npaBonncHa oÖHOBa [c t npaBonnceHt npoeKTt,
3a Aa HMaMe 3a A'f>Aro BpeMe onpaßeHt irpaB o nn ct]... 399—425 5. „Ilp a B o n H c e H t p e n H H K t Ha 6 tJira p C K H H KHHłKOBeHt
e 3 H K t“ ( O T 3 H B t ) ... ... • 426 459 6. KaM t npaBHJiHa ôtarapcK a penb h C T H J i t ... 460—498 I. MjieHyBaHe (461— 485). II. n p e a a o rt na (485—498).
npHJiotfienHH : Z(Be AHaaeKTOaonMHH KapTH.
I. Pa3HpeA-lMeHHe Ha ótarapcrarfe rOBopn *) [ c t rpaHHAH (Ha ótarapCKaTa peat].
II. roBopuT-fe B t ceBepo3anaAHa B tara pna .
1) [rioK o íiH H H T t aBTOpt Ha Tan KHHra TtKM'feuie Aa H3A3Ae ro fliM a h noApoóna KapTa Ha 6tarapCKiiT-fe napoAHH ro B o p n : na e,AHa CTeHa Bt pa6oT- HHH My KaÖHHeTt BHCiàiHe roaisMa KapTa Ha u*feaoKynHa eTHOrpatj)CKa BtarapHH
h B tp x y Hea ce Haracaxa rOBopHHTt rpaHHUH. 3a HiaaocTb, T B tp a e Maana nacib O Tt T3 3H KapTa e Moraa Aa 6jK.ae 3 a B tp u ie n a (b>k. npHaoaxeHHe II). C. M .].
H A
B I d JITAPCKHM E3 MKTa
B. CnEUHAJlHM HACTH
yHHBepCHT. ÖHÖ^IMOTeKa JMs 183 1
y ß A P E H H E
3 a y^apeHHeTO b i . ö 't.jira p cK H e3HKi>,
c p a B H e H o C b y u a p e H H c r o b t. u p y r u T ^ io ro H 3 T c m H H c jia - BHHCKH e3HUH (p yC K H , Cp'bÔ CKO-X'bpBaTCKH H CAOBGHCKh).
C-b ocoßeHa paAoera 3axBamaMb Tynb eAHa TeMa, kohto
CT0H oipe HeßyraaTa Bb minara MAaAa (Phaoaothh, Ta mh ce CTpysa Taa TeMa KaTO niHpono, npocTO none, noAe OTBopeHO c^KHMy 3a opaHb h 3a nocfeßb. Taa TeMa e ydapenuemo Bb HauiHa 6bi/irapcKH e3HKb, xoeTO oipe hhkoh ao cera He e h3- cJieAßajib, axo ce He ö p o a rb h^koh h A pyrn TyKb-TaMe npbc- HaTH ßeaejKKH no toh npeAMerb, ano ce He aeTe h OHaa ayAHa- ÄHBHa CTaraa, HaneaaTaHa Bb „Hayna“ toa. III. kh. 11 h 12 (3d ydapenuemo hcl noeoó'bAzapcKun e3utcb% rpajuiBue ktjMt? cjia- BaHCKaTa aKueHTOAoraa, OTb H. A. Bopaaenb h R. CraHHOBb), KoaTo, Hena 6-s.Ae peaeHO, AaBa He caMO rabpA e toah, ho h
TBbpAe 6och noHHTHa 3a yAapeHHeTo Bb 6bArapcKH e3HKb. Koa-
koto ce paABaMb, ae 3axBamaMb nbpBH TanBa3b HHTepecHa TeMa, T0AK03b nö mh ce CTHCKa cbppeTO, naTO mhcah, me ah cnoAyaa Aa npHHeca m o-roAe pascB^Ta Bbpxy toh TbMeHb Bbnpocb, KaKbBTo e BbnpocbTb 3a yAapeHHeTO Bb 6bArapcKHH, na pean H Bb CHaKHT-fe CA3BHHCKH e3HpH, me AH AaMb nOHe nOATHKb 3a no-HaTaTbniHH TpyAOBe; a to Aa ch mhcah, ae me pema ca- MHabKb AO Kpañ T03H orpoMeHb Bbnpocb 3a CAaBHHCKOTO yAa- peHHe HHTO mh Ha yMb HAe; e ra ra mh caMO aecraTa, ae Mora Aa ch AaMb Tyna cnpoMHOTO MHeHHe, na KpHBO ah 6 ^A e
bah npaBO to, Hena My cxAHTb OHHe, kohto ce HaeMaTb Aa paooTHTb 3a pemaBaHHeTO Ha Taa Han-M&aHa raTaHKa OTb CAa- BHCTHKaTa, KaKBaTo mo e öbArapcnoTO yAapeHHe Bb aacTHO h
CAaBHHCKOTO H306lH,0-
OTb KaKb 3axBaHaxa Aa H3yaBaTb HHAoeBponeñcKHrfc e3HUH cpaBHHTeAHO, OTb ToraBa cé hobh h hobh npHAHaaa ce otkdh- BaTb noMOKAy HMb h OTb achb Ha AeHb ce yßtpHBaMe cé no-
Beqe B-b Ta3H hcthh3, ne HHAoeBponencKHTb e3«UH ex 6hah npeAH- BpeMe e^HO mbAO, KoeTO CAeA"b BpeMe ce pacnaAHXAO H3 nacra, K3KBHTO rH BHHiAaMe Cer3. r i 3 3 3 Aa ÔXAe CpaBHeHHeTO H3 e3H- PHT-b noanbJiHO, Tpbôa Aa ce npocTpe no CHTCHrb nacra hs
MOBtlUKHH rOBOpb, T. e. K3TO Cp3BHHB3Me HHAOCBponeHCKHTb e3HUH, He Tpbôa Aa raeAaMe csmo hs 3ByKOBerb h (jmpMHT-b hmt>, 3 Tpbôa Aa TAeAaMe Aa npnBeAeivrb peneHHTb e3Him B-b CBp-b3Ka noMeiKAy HM-b h o r b A pyra eAna CTpaHa — HMeHHO OT-b K-bM-b yAapeHneTO ; 3am.OTO moM-b HHAoeBponeficKHTb e3Him ex. cpoAHH noMeacAy ch h OTKWb $opMH h 3ByKOBe, to Tb TpbÔBa Aa e x 6hah eAHO BpeMec poahh noMOKAy ch h OT-b K-bM-b yAapeHHem PaôoTa e cera Aa ce AOKaxce, KaK-b OT-b ohob3 o6ih.o h n-bp- BOH3M3AHO HHAOeBpOneHCKO yAapeHHe H3CTaH3AH T0AK0B3T0 pa3- AHHHH aKIjeHTHH CHCTeMH, KOHTO BH5KA3MC AHeCb BT> HHAOeBpO- neücKHTb e3HU,n.
ripn
chhko ne nHcaxa MHoro no toh Bim pocbh noAaraxa pa3AHHHH xnnoTe3H, HHe naK-b h ao Anec-b He 3HaeM"b om,e nojioxcHTeAHO, KaK-b ce e pa3BHB3AO h npoMbHsmaAO n-bpBO- HanaAHOTO HHAoeBponeHCKO yAapeHHe, 3a Aa noAynH TaKHBa pa3j AHHHH 4)OpMH, K3KTO TH BH5KA3Me B"b MOAepHHTb e3HUH, KOH (JjaKTop'b e npOH3BeAb thh pa3AHHHH ? Toh BT^npocb naKa om,e pemeHHeTe ch, aAa He CMe HHe, kohto me ro peniHM-b. HamaTa 3aAana e nô-AecHa h ce orpaHHnaBa caMO c r CAaBHHCKHTb e3Hn;H, Aopn He c-b CHHKHrb c^aBHHCKH e3Hu,H, a caMO c-b T-bH Hapene- HHTb KtzoucmoKHii cjiaBHHCKH e3HUH. 3aAanaTa hh me 6 xA e Hafi- Han peAT> àa doKajtceM'b, ne tozouemomurtm cacibrhcku e3uu,u (6-bArapcKH, pycKH, cp'bôcKO-x-bpBaTCKH h caobchckh) uMarrvb ednaKBO ydapenue, T-bft m,OTO h OT-b K-bM-b yAapeHHera cbCTaBHTb 3a ce6e ch nô-TbCHO CBbp3aHO u b jio Tbii, KaKTO h oxb KbMb 3ByKOBa CTpaHa j nocJie àd KOHcmamupaMe, kclkbo e mosa y do
pe une, KOêtnO 6 CeZd OÔU^O Hd tOZOllCïïlOKHllfTlfb CAdBHHCKll 63111^11
H HaH-CeTHe du BlldllM'b no HdKBll 3dKOHll II tipdBllAd C€ 6 BO- diiAo mo, 3d da noAyuu cezauwuu eu Buâs.
MeTOAaTa npn HaineTO HcnHTBaHe me ô x a ë c x m a oHam
kohto e AaJia ao cera H a ii-n o A O J K H T e A H H pe3yAT3TH — cpaBHH Te;maTa. Ot h KaKb ce BBeAe cpaBHHTejiHOTO H3ynBaHHe Ha e3H- UHTb, MO*e Aa ce Kaaœ, o r b Tora3b HMaMe c x m a (Jjhaoaothh. H TOBa cpaBHHTe^iHO H3ynBaHHe Ha e3HHHTb Morne Aa ce noxBaAH He caMO, ne otkph mhoto paô o ra ao npeAH Heno3H3TH bx. oÔAacTb- Ta Ha e3HK0 3H3HHeT0, aMH moTO e to B"b c x m o BpeMe nÔ-AeCHO
h nô-HHTepecHO, a He tt>h cyxo, k3kto e yneHHeTO h yMysaHHeTO caMO HaA"b eAHHT» eaHKTi, 6e3T> HHKaK'bB'b o rA e A t KiiMAi ApyrHTb HeMy cpoAHH e3HHH. Ta KaK-b A o m o m-bxMe Aa n03HaBaMe Hanp.
HamHH ch e3HK-b, axo HMaxMe ripeA^ bh a"b caMO eAno OTb to a- KOB3TO My HapenHH, axo ce He oÔ3HpaxMe h Ha ApyrHTb 6bA- rapCKH roBopn, ano ro He cpaBHHB aMe h ch ApyrHTb ca3bhhckh
e3HpH ! Mhoto hbachhh B"b nero m bxa Aa hh ocTaHaTH TbMHH
H MHOJO OTA'feÆHH AyMH H3np. m"bXMe Aa T"bAKyBaMe H nHmeM-b KpHBO. He nHinexMe ah ao exopo Ma, ma, ca (HaMbcTO Me, me,
ce) h He T'bJiKyBaxa a h th h íík o h o t b m h x m n, c u } f ia h cera He nniiieM'b a h om e n o rp iu iH O K p an m 5, KOHbttib (HaM’fecTO k p a - ü b t, k o h’b t), 6e3B Aa ce o63HpaMe Ha TOBa, ne b b MHoro HauiH HapeHH» KasBaTt kp ahot, k o h o t?
n a k3kto cpaBHHTejiHaia MeTOAa noMara MHoro Aa H3yn- BaMe 6'bjirapcKHH e3HK-b o th o c h t6aho (JwpMHT-b h BByKOBeT'fc My, TT)H me noMorHe th Aa r o H3ynHMB h o thochtc ah o yAapeHHeTO M y; ocofíeHO nbKB k3kto BHJKAaMe, ne h o t b k m t, yAapeHHeTO 6'b^rapcKHHT'b e3H K t npHJiHHa mhofo Ha 6jih h íh h tÍ 3 HeMy CAaBHH- CKH e3HHH — (pyCKH, CpBfíCKO-XBpBaTCKHH CAOBeHCKH). HaHCTHHa yAapeHHeTO xaTO ne e HaH-H-fcjKHaTa, HaH-BB3AyuiHaTa naCTb o t b HOB-feuiKHH roB opB, yAapeHHeTO xaTO ne ce ivrkHHBa Hañ-AecHO h HaH-6-bp30 OTb c h h kh tÍd A p y rn CBOHCTBa Ha esHKa1), ana TOBa He Tp'bÓBa Aa hh np'feHH Aa ce onHTaMe h npn CHHKaTa My npo- M-feHAHBOCTb Aa nOTBpCHMB HBKOH CpOAHOCTb H BB yAapeHHeTO Ha HHaKB cpoAHHT’b e3HpH; om e noBene, xaTO 3HaeMB Bexe, ne C3HHHT'fe, KOHTO IH,e CpaBHHBaMC OTB KBMB yAapeHHeTO, C ^ 6HAH c a h h b n;K.Tb eAHO irfcAO, KoeTO xaTO TaKOBa e Tp'fcQBaAO Aa S ^ A e ipfcAo h o thochtc ah o yAapeHHe.
OnHTBTB, Aa ce H3y™ cpaBHHTeAHO yAapeHHexo b b h h a o- CBponeñcKHT'b e3HpH, e Bcre HanpaBeHB h to c b a o6b p b ycn'fexB.
U,HeCB CfcKH OHH, KOHTO e 3an03HaTB CB H3CAeAB3HHHTa Ha 3Ha- MeHHTHH H^MCXH (^HAOAOTB F ra ilZ B o p p , OCHOBaTCAH Ha CpHBHH- TeaHaTa (J)HAOAorHH, ce He c b m h h b3 h h k3k b, ne MexíAy e3HH.HT'k cniapozpbU'KU h c m a p o u n d u iic K ii h ah c a n c n p iin ic K ii HMa roA ^M a cpoAHOCTb b b yAapeHHeTo.TBH c a u ío H-feMa CBMHeHHe, n e n Aum oe- cKom o h n'bpeoHa'iaAHomo caci8ahcko y d a p e m ie (xaRTo e 3ana3eHO ce ra Haü-Ao6pe b b TpHT'b roroH3TOHHH CAaB. e3H ijH : pycKH, 6b a- rapcKH h cpBÓCKO-XBpBaTCKH) HMa H-feKoe cxoactbo c b ro p e n a - 3aHHTÍ3 ABa CT3pH e3HKa — rpBH,KH H CaHCKpHTCKH. n a H hhh me ce cTapaeMB Ha A o a y Aa AOKaaceMB He caMO cpodnocm bm a na CAaBXHCKiimrb yd a p e m iH , ho ti da ü3HaM>bpu.m u douajtceM b n p a m - A a m a Ha HBpBOHanaAHOTO ca3bhhcko yAapeHHe. 3a Aa nocTHFHeMB TOBa, m e CH CAyiKHMB, K3KTO peKOXB, CB CpaBHCHHeTO. Pa3ÓHpa ce, ne xaTO cpaBHHBaMe e3HH,HTÍ5 cnopeAB yAapeHHeTO h m b, TpfeSa npeAH CHHKOAa pa3AHHaB3Me nó-CTapoTO o t b nó-HOBOTO, h nó-CTapo Aa cpaBHHBaMe c b nó-CTapo, a üó-hobo — c b nó-HOBO. 3am.OTO, K3kto ce cJiynBa, ne ABa HHaKB c po ah h e3Hu,H Aa He b bp b b k.t b no chhko ycnopeAHO, a c a h h h h t b o t b t^x b Aa e 3ana3HAB nó- *)
*) Pa3JiaqHH yAapeHHH BHHCnaMe He caMO b b cpodnumrb HHfloeBponeftCKH e3HUH, He caMO b b oip e nó-cp o d H u m rb cJiaBHHCKH e3HHH (qeuiKH, noJiCKH, pycKH), ho .nance h b b H apeK unm a Ha c a h h b h cauuH e3HKB M oraTB na B.ra.n'hHTB pa3aHqHH yAapeHHH. Eto Ha n p . HauiHHT'b 6i>arapcKH e3HKT>, n p a caqKO qe HapeqHHTa My e x tojikobh cpoaHH noMeacay ch, naKB ce pa3aHHaBaTi> H-bKOH o t b tÍdXb empozo no y ^ a p e H a e ro ch o t b apyrH T'b a c b c t3b h t b 3a ceóe ch OTA'feaHH BKUeHTHH CUCmffMU T3KHB3 aKUCHTHH CHCTeMH TH HMa BB ÓBÍlrapCKH C3HKB, K3KTO m e BHflHMB, HO Hemupu.
CTapH (J)OpMH H 3ByK0JBe, AO KaTO JipyrHHT'b TH H3Ty6HAb — TbH c x m o h oTKtM'b yAapeHHeTo Moace ABa HHaKb cbBceMb cpoahh
e3HKa a a e x ce OTAaAeqnAH eAHHb o rb A p yra h m HMarb pa3-
ahbho yAapeHHe. TbH Hanp. KaKBa nó-roA-feMa cpoAHOcra MencAy e3HUHT'fe pycKH h noAfluiKH ? A jia no yAapeHHeTO ch Tne ABa e3HKa He e x HHKaKb cpoAHH: AOKaro Bb pycnn e3HKb BAaAte HeonpedrbAeno yAapeHHe, t. e. TaKOBa yAapenHe, KoeTO Mo>Ke Aa naAa Ha ctbKU, caozz Bb eAHa AyMa, to ba> hoahuikh e3HKb e
to MH0 2 0 moKHo onpedtbJieHO h naAa BHHaru Ha npeAnocjieA-
hhh CAorb. KaTO BHAíAaMe, qe noAnniKHHTb e3HKb c-b yAapeHHeTO
ch ctoh MejKAy CAaBHHCKHT'fe e3HHH yeAHHeHb, a pycKOTO yAa
peHHe npHAHHa MHOTO Ha ÓbATapCKOTO, CpbÓCKO-XbpBaTCKOTO H AO HeñAe h Ha caobchckoto (kohto e3Him e x ce cb HeonpeA'fe- AeHO yAapeHHe), Ka3BaMe ToraBa, qe pycKOTO yAapeHHe Hacnpo-
thbt> noAHuiKOTO e nó-cmapo h nó-ÓAU3 0 ao CTapocAaBHHCKOTO;
na óe3b Aa TAeAaMe, qe noAímiKHHTb e3HKb Monee Aa 6 x A e ot- KbMb 3ByKOBeT-fe CH nÓ-CTapTj OTb pyCKHH, HHH naKb ro OCTaB- HMe Ha CTpaHa, ñora pa3TAeABaMe cTapocAaBHHCKOTO yAapeHHe, 3aui,OTO noAHuiKHHT'b e3HK"b e mhoto nó-MAaA'b OTK'bM'b yAape
HHeTO ch. T-kh T pifíB a Aa nocTxnaMe c^kh n x ra , ano HCKaMe Aa óxAeM-b nó-cnrypHH B-b cxjKAeHHHTa h 3aKAioneHHHTa ch.
II.
LU.0 e to yAapeHHe? YAapeHHeTO e ocoóeHb bhat> roBopHo HBAeHHe, Hañ-TtcHo CB"bp3aHo Cb TOBa, acto ce Hapnna 3ByKZ>.
3ByKOBeTK oópa3yBaTb noMemAy ch cpnqKa, a yAapeHHeTO CBT.p3Ba ra e cpnqKH Bb caho lt£ao, HapeqeHO dyMa. Chhkhtíj
3ByKOBe Ha eAHa AyMa H3roBapaMe Cb eAHHb rAacb, ho toh
TAacb He e ce eAnaKBo CHAeHb npn H3TOBapaHHeTO Ha chhkhtK CpHHKH Bb eAHa AyMa. OÓHKHOBeHHO npH H3TOBapHHeTO Ha MHO-
tocaoaíhh AyMH me HaTbpTHMb taaca ch Ha eAHHb CAorb noBene,
otkoakoto Ha ApyrHrfe CAOroBe. T b ñ Hanp. ñora H3roBopnMb caMH hah nyeMb OTb frbArapHHb AyMHTK: zpadim a, nA anuná, d’bpeodéAeiyb, d im ite , eodenima, cbnHKacBaMe, qe TAacbTb naAa nó-HKO Ha cpHHKHT-fe: dü, na, dé, á, híl, otkoakoto Ha ocTaHa-
a h tK: zpa-na, riAanu-, dzpao-Aeu,%, z^m^e, Bode-u,a. K ora H3TOBaa- HMe nbpBHTK (3a6eA'b3aHHTK) cphhkh, Kara qe nacuAñMe, na- trvbpmfiMe TAacbTb ch nó-HKO, otkoakoto npH H3roBapHHeTO Ha ApyrHrfe cpHHKH. É TOBa H a tm p m m e hah y d p m e Ha TAaca Ha- pnnaTb ydapenue, h 3a TOBa yAapeHHe, 3eTO Bb TaKbBb CMHCbAb Ha AyMaTa, me roBopHMb HaAOAy.
YAapeHHeTO e Hañ-BaacHaTa qacra OTb jkhbhh roBopb. Be3b Hero AyMHT-fe H^Mame Aa ce pa3AHqaBaTb eAHa OTb A pyra h
upfexa Aa 6xA aT b cbBceMb 6e3b aíHBOTb. 3a TOBa HíHBb e3HKb 6e3b yAapeHHe Kaarfi qe H-feMa; noHe Bb CHqKHT-fe AHecb jkhbh
eBponeñcKH e3Him HaMHpaMe TOBa roBopHo cbohctbo, a KaKb e 6hao Bb nbpBOHaqaAHHT-fe e3Him — TOBa He 3HaeMb orne. XlHecb
3a Ä H e cb , KaKTO CMe HaBHKHaAH Ha yAapeHHeTO, CTpyBa h h ce, KaTo ne e3HKi> 6e3A H ero He Moxce Aa 6/RAe. Ho, i o k t o m e b h- Ah m a Ha a p y r o m^c t o, h m b MHeHHe, cn o p e A A KoeTO y A a p e H H e io , KaKTO r o HaMHpaMe c e ra b a. e B p o n e ś ic K H T i e3Him> He e 6h a o Ta- KOBa o t a Kpań-BpeM e t. e. c jio ro B e rfe (cpHHKHrfe) He c ä ce pa3- JiHHaBaAH noM ełK A y ch KaKTO A H e c t n o ydapenuemo, CHpenb no
c u m o h caclóo H3roBapHHHe, a c x r n p a3JiHHaBa/in eAHO BpeMe n o dtAwcuna h Kpamnocmb — pa3JiHH3BaAH c a A p y r n AyMH eAHO .BpeMe caMo dzAZU h xpamtai, a He yâàpenu h neydci- penu1). T o B a MHeHHe A A p x m c a h h a o t a HaH-3HaTHHTÍ3 H3CAeAO- naTe^H Ha undoesponeucnamo ydapemie, ^paHpysKHHT-b yneHA Louis Benloew, c a yneHHeTO Ha K oroTO m e ce 3a n o3HaeMA Ha A p y r o M'fccTO n o -6^H3y . H o t a h K a w 3a npeAM eTA Ha H3A n p - BHHHHTa h h m,e cjiy>KH ydapeuuemo, KaKTO r o HaMHpaMe b a o k u- eumrb, Modepnu e3H im (k3kbhto m o c ä c^iaB3HCKHTÍ5), to Ay- MaTa ydapenue m e ce y n o T p iß a B a HaAcmy npeAH bchhko b a n-bpBOTo h 3HaneHHe, t. e. ydapenue m e HapnnaMe ceoücmeomo na Modepnumrb e3uąu, cnopedb Koemo edna-ma-edna cpm xa ez ectbna edna àyjua ce u3Zoeapn ch no-eucoia, u nd-narmpmem ZAacb, orriKOAKomo dpyzumib cpuiKU, a nA K A cbohctboto Ha h^ -
koh naKA MOAepHH e3Him Aa pa3JiHHaBaTA upamnii u dbAzu cpHHKH (n o K p a ñ yA àpeH H h H eyAàpeH H ) m e HapHnaMe xean- mumerm.
HpH TOBa T p iô a Aa 3a6eAex<a, ne AyMaTa ydapenue hah
aKąenrm o ó rp A iim b a ce6e ch h A p y rn MaAKO-MHoro pa3AHHHH eAHO OTA A p y ro ÎIOHHTHH, HO KOHTO BCHHKHT'fe CX. T'feCHO CBAp- 3 3HH Bce ca npou3HOiuenuemo. CnopeAA TOBa yAapeHHeTO, 3a KoeTO me ce roB op n HaAOAy, ce Hapnna m onm ecuo hah cpunno, 3a pa3AHKa ota. A p y rn rfc „yAapeHHH“ , HapeneHH: Aozmecxo hah
cunmaKcuuecKO, opamopCKO, MempuuecKO h npoeunąuaAHO.
JlozmecKO hah zunmaxcmecKO yAapeHHe HapHnaMe yAape
HHeTO, Hpe3A> KOeTO H3TAKB3Me eAHa AyMa npeAAj H^KOAKOTO b a
eAHO h CÄIHO npeA^iojKeHHe, 3a Aa oÔApmMA BApxy Hea bhh- MaHHeTO Ha CAyinaTeAH. Ta h Harip. npeAAomeHHeTO : „suepa eaAn?
cnrbZb“ Moxce Aa H3peneMA t a h, moTO AornnecKOTO yAapeHHe Aa naAa hah BApxy nApBaTa, hah BApxy BTopaTa, hah BApxy TpeTHTa AyMa, cnopeAA TOBa, i<oa AyMa HCKaMe Aa otahhhma
T He cTapnT"b jiaTHHUH h n>pun Hanp. hô e x pa3ônpajiH noab ,y a a - peHHe“ TT.KMO Tyü, KoeTO naft cera pa3 6apaMe, a Hbmo apyro, Ma/iKO-MHoro pa3jmqHo or-h HauieTO noHHTHe „y ^ a p e m e “ , BHw/iaMe OTb ayMHT-fe, kohto cptm aM e Bb jiaTHHCKH h rpbUKH 3a noHflTHeTO „yAapeHHe“ . JlaTHHCKaTa AyMa accentus = ad-cantus e ôyKBaaeHb npeBOAb Ha rpbHKaTa jtpLOipSta, kohto 3HaHH TOAKOBa, KOJiKOTo n p ù tin B i. Ako cera T3 3H AyMa ne e TOKy t aH cay- naflHO ynoTp-feôeHa, a e HapoHHO H3ÔpaHa, 3a Aa ce Ha3HanH c b hch HtKa- KBO nweue hah h-èiuo npuAiiHHO na nrbeue, to MOweMb Aa npeAnoaaraMe, qe Ha r b p H H r t h JlaTHHUHTt „yAapeHHeTO“ me e 6hjio, aKO He CbBceMb, to tioHe AO HeflAe, p a3AUHHO ota yAapeAHeTO Ha MOAepHHrfe e3HHH.
o rb A p y rn rä . Kora KaxteMb: „eu.epa B a n i C H irb “ , H3TbKBaMe, HapenneTO „Bnepa“ , 3a Aa Ha3HauHMb cb TOBa m om o BpeM do Ha fleńcTBHeTo; Kora KaaœMb „Bnepa aaAtb' C H irb “ , H3TbKBaMe Ha AHije ÄeöCTBHeTO, a Karo KaxceMb: „Bnepa B a n i cnrb'ib“ , Ha- 3HaqaBaMe no-TonHO npeAMeTa, 3a aa ro otjihhhmb OTb n p y rn iipe^M e™ (ÄbscAi», rpaA b). kohto ce ynoTpidH BaTb Tbñ c x m o e r m a ro n a „aaAu“ . JIorHnecKOTO ynapeHHe Bb dbnrapcKHH e3HKb ca Ha3HanaBa h Ha A pyrn HanHHb noxpañ toh npe3b mo- nmecKO ydapenue; Ha3HanaBa ce hmchho Cb TOBa, KaTo ce no- CT3BH AyMaTa, Bbpxy kohto HCKaMe Aa odbpHeMb nö-roniM O BHHM3HHe, Bb HCLKCLAOmO Ha npeAAOJKCHHCTO ; OTb TOBa ynOTp-fe- 6eHHe hah CTpeMAeHHe Ha e3HKa Aa noAara no-BaJKHHTi AyMH no-HanpeAb e npoH3AÍ3no hcotctähhoto npaBHAo Bb dbnr.
e3HKb, cnopeAb KoeTo nodAeotcamemo (na™ Hañ-Bax£Ha AyMa) Aa 3aeMa nbpBO m íc t o Bb npeAnoxcemieTO.
OpamopcKO ydapenue HapHuarb mommb, cb kohto ce h3- pHHaTb (ppa3umrb, 3a Aa ce H3KaHíe H iK oe dyuiesno pa3noAo- otcenue (manocTb, paAOCTb, m iB b , n p n c M ix b h np.): Kora cbxca- AHBaMe 3a h íl u o, n iM a Aa ro naxceMb cb c x iu h h TOHb, k3Kto
Kora ce npncMHBaMe, hah Kora CMe cbpAHTH, HiM a Aa roBopHMb Tbñ, K3KT0 Kora ce nyAHMb h np. CnopeAb TOBa opaTopcKOTO yAapeHHe He naAa caMO na eAHHb CAorb, KaKTO cpnnHOTO hah
CHHTaKcmeCKOTo, a Ha u í a h AyMH h npeAnoxceHHH.
MempmecKO ydapenue HapnnaTb cthxotbophoto yAapeHHe y rbpuHTK h AaTHHb(HTÍ>, cnopeAb KoeTo CTHinKHTi Ha eAHHb xexcaMeTbpb T p id ß a Aa ce H3roBapHTb paanoMtbpno, t. e. k o a-
koto BpeMe ce H3MHHe, A0K3T0 ce H3pene eAHa crs^nKa, toakobh
Aa ce H3MHHe h 3a Apyra, 6e3b Aa ce m ena, koako CAora hah koako o t a ía h h 3ByK0Be cbA bpjxa B c ix a CT^nKa. Tbñ Hanp. Bb x e x c a M e T b p b T b :
Q uidquid id|est, time|o Danajôs et dona fejrentes,
KOAKOTO BpeMe ce H3HCKB3 3a nbpBaTa CTÄHKa (quidquid id )
kohto cbAbpœa decemb o t a ía h h 3ByKa, toakobu Tpidßa Aa ce ynoT pídn h 3a H3pHneHHeT0 Ha neTBbpTaTa (ôs et), MaKapb h Aa cbAbpxca caMO nempn 3Byxa B b cede c h; BpeMeTO ce H3paBHHBa Cb TOBa, ne nbpBaTa cr;s.nKa ce H3pnna nô-6bp30, a neTBbpraTa nô-noAena.
ilpoßunnuaAHO ydapenue nbKb HapHnarb OHan ocoôenocnib Bb npoH3HomeHHeTO, kohto ce 3adeni3Ba b c îk oA n*.Tb, Kora HÍKOñ roBopn HeMy HenpnpoAeHb e3HKb hah Hapenne. TaH oco- deHOCTb 33BHCH, Koe OTb ocodeHOTO npoH3HomeHHe Ha h ík o h
3ByK0Be, Koe OTb ocodeHOTO H3roBapHHe Ha rnacHHTÎ, a Koe h
OTb caMOTO m íc t o Ha TOHHHecKOTO yAapeHHe. T b ñ Hanp. eAHHb dbArapHHb OTb TbpHOBO He roBopn Tbñ, k3kto eAHHb Cotj)HH- Hepb, hah eAHHb CAHBHeHeqb H iM a Aa roBopn KaTO eAHHb M a- KeAOHepb h np. KaKTO BCÍKa odnacTb o r b eAHHb h c;s.mb e3HKb,
TBH CX.IU.0 BCfcKH HapOAt» CH HM3 OCOÔeHO yAapeHHe HJIH aK- AeHT-b, CHpem> ocoôeHB HanHHB Ha H3r 0BapimeT0 AyMHTi, kocto
ro OTJiHHaBa otb ApyrHTls. FIpHHHHaTa iia Taa pa3JiHKa bb npo- H3HomeHHeT0 3aBHCH HaË-MHoro otb noAOiKeHHeTO Ha ycTaTa npn H3roBapHHeTO Ha r^acHUTt: eztHH HapOAH A"bp*aTB ycTaTa
ch bb nojioxceHHe Ha a — TaKHBa HapoAH H3roBapHTB Haft-
hcho rjia c H H it KaKTO Hanp. HTajiHaHimT'b, 4)paHii;y3HT'fc h CBp- 6h t1o; ApyrH AtpacaTB ycTaTa ch bb nojiomeHHe Ha o h ToraBa
^yBaixiB Haft-necTO 3ByKB o hjih Ha o noAOÔHH rjiacHH, KaKTO bb
MaAHiapcKH, KaHKaBCKO-XBpBaTCKH h H"feKOH hIjmckh HapenHH, TpeTH HapoAH nBKB (ÔBJirapn, impim, BJiacH, ajiôaHim) AT>p>KaTB ycTaTa ch npn H3r0Bap5meT0 Bee bb noJioxceHHe Ha u, tb h ujoto
y t^xb me qyeuiB Haii-MHoro u-3ByK0Be hjih Ha u noAOÔHH rjiacHH. ToBa nojioxceHne Ha ycTaTa npn H3roBapHHeTO Ha TJiac- HHrb ce HapHHa apmuKyAapiionua ocuo&a. CnopeAB TOBa apTH- Kyjiau,HOHHaTa ocHOBa 3a HTajiHaHeua e a, 3a MaA>ï<apHHa — o, 3a H3T0HH0-6BJirapHHa u. 3a TOBa, Kora h%koh ÔBJirapHHB otb
H 3TOHHa BBJirapan roBopH nyxcAH e3HKB (h-èmckh hjih (JipaHHysKH),
toh me Kaxce HaMfecTO Bcfexo a 6e3B yAapeHHe — ?>(A\), Ha-
m^cto bc4sko o 6e3B yAapeHHe — y, HaivrfccTO e — « ; a nBKB 3ByK0Berfe ?>, y , u, kohto ÔBJirapHHBTB me H3T0BapH HaM^CTo a, o, e, cx. HaHCTHHa TaKHBa 3ByK0Be, kohto ce apTHKyjmpaTB Bee qpc3B « : s (æ) npoH3JiH3a, Kora ch HanpaBHMB ycTaTa, KaTO
*ie me H3roBopHMB u h cb TOBa nojiomeHHe Ha ycTaTa h3tobo- Phmb a; y npoH3JiH3a, Kora cb cxmoTO nojiomeHHe Ha ycTaTa npoH3HeceMB o, a nBKB u (HaivrfccTo e) ch e Bene caMO no ce6e ch u.
Han-ceTHe cb CJsmaTa AyMa ydapenu.e HapnnaTB h 3m k o- Bemrb, cb kohto ôeAexcaTB yAapeHHeTO Ha AyMHT"fe. OShkhobc- HHTt 3H3K0Be, KOHTO Ce ynOTp'fcÔHBaTB BB eBpOneHCKHTli e3HHH, c*. otb rpBHKO npoH3XO)KAeHHe. Bb CTaporpBHKH e3HKB HMajio TaKHBa 3H3K0Be mpu : nBpBHHTB HapeneHB Ha <J>p. accent aigu, Ha JiaTHHCKH accenuts acutus, ce K33B3JIB Ha rpBUKH npoaipbix
¿E3ta (ocTpo yAapeHHe); btophhtb HapeneHB Ha (bpaHA. accent grave, Ha ji3thhtkh accentus gravis, HoebJiB Ha tpbukh HMeTO papeia (to kko yAapeHHe); TpeTHSTB, CBCTaBeHB otb
nBpBHH h BTOpHH, ce Ka3Ba Ha (jjpeHCKH accent circonflexe, Ha
•naTHHCKH accentus circumflexus, otb rpBHKOTO H33BaHHe Ttpoau-
§£a TcepoaTccopisvyj (33BHT0 yAapeHHe). Thh Tpn 3HaKa 3a yAapeHHe, Ka3BaTB, TH H3MHCJIHJIB CaMB, HJIH CaMO B3CJIB BB ynOTp"fc6eHHe, rpBHKHHTB rpaMaTHKB Aristophanus Byzanticus okojio 240 toa- npeAH Xp.
Otb bchhkh thh bhaobc yAapeHHH HHe me tobophmb caMO
3a tb h HapeneHOTO cpuH-HO hjih momiuecKO yAapeHHe, KoeTO
cbctoh, KaKTO peKoxMe, bb no-CHJiHOTO H3roBapHHe Ha eAHa
cpHHKa, 3a Aa h ot^hhhmb otb A pyrnTi, a 3aeAHO cb TOBa Aa npHAaAeMB Ha n^aaTa AyMa otcusoniK. 3aTOBa, Kora roBopaTB 3a BaœHOCTbTa Ha yAapeHHeTO, Bee noBTapHTB 3HaMeHHTHT4 AyMH
Ha JiaTHHCKHH rpaMaTHK'b ÜHOMe^a1): accentus est v e lu t anima vocis — y^apeHHeTO e KaTO Aym a Ha roB opa. H HaHCTHHa y ^ a - peHHeTO e c-snnecTBeHO cbohctbo Ha bc^kh roB opb.
III.
TeiKKO e Aa ce H3CAeABa cisunHOCTbTa Ha yAapeHHeTO no- TbHKO, Ta a a ce b h a h, Bb kh k bo hmchho ce CbCTOH to, Bb na- m^pmnHemo Ha m a c a hjih B-b u3duzaHemo My. yAapeHHeTO hah H3o6m,o npon3HomeHHeTO He e joto A p y ro h íia o Aa ro TypH HOB-fjK-b noA"b cnoM araTe^eHb HHCTpyMeHTb, 3a Aa ro pa3meAa no-OTÓ;iH3y, a TptÓ Ba Aa ro HafínioAaBaMe caMo c b y x o . ITbKb 3HañHO e, Kaicb pa3^HHHO c n y u ia rb ym H rfe y pa3AHHHH xopa.
Eto 3amo h 3a yAapeHHeTO (n o ra e Ay.wa 3a HeroBaTa c x iip iH a ) HM3 ABe pa3AHHHH MHeHHH: eAHH Ka3BBT'b, He npOH3HOHieHHeTO Ha yAapeHa cpHHKa ce CbCTOH B-b „My3UKaAHomo ü3óuzane na zAanm'b*, A p y rn nbK b H apH narb np0H3H0iueHHeT0 Ha yAapeHa cpHHKa „yciiAeno ü3nyw,aHeHazAanm^H.pe3'b duxameAHuaopzam“. KoraTO 3a yAapeHHeTO Ha iKHBHT'fe e3Hpn hmh ABe pa3AHHHH MHeHHH, TO KOJIKOTO nO-MXHHO e Aa Ce npOH3Heee HOBbKb 3a yAapeHHeTO Ha CTapHT-fe e3HpH (jiaTHHCKH, rp b ijK H h C3h c k p h t c k h), KOHTO, K3KTO Ce BHJKA3 OTb MHOTO npH3HapH, CX HM3JIH APyrO yAapeHHe, MajiKO-MHoro pa3JiHHHo OTb MOAepHOTO. OcBeHb ne 3a yAapeHHeTO Ha t^ h e3Hpn H-bMaMe TBbpAe mhoto a3h h h, ho A a HMaxMe h Hañ-TOHHH nncMeHH CBeAeHHH, naKb He 6hxm c ch CbCT3BHJIH TOHHO IIOHHTHe 3a 3ByKOBe H npOH3HOHieHHe, KOHTO He MOH<eMb Bene Aa HyeMb. I lp n bchhko TOBa HaynaTa 3a e3H- Uh tÍd ce He cnnpa, a c b noM om tTa Ha TOBa, Koe'ro e nosHaTo Bene a o cera, ce CTpeMH Aa 3bpHe h 3aAb Hafi-TbMHHT’b c ra - Ph h h, Aa OTraTHe h HaH-MAHHHrb raTaHKH Ha M H H anom
OTb BCHHKHT'fe HHAOeBpOneHCKH e3HIXH caMo 3a Tpn (caH- CKpHTCKH, rpbUKH H A3THHCKH) HM3Me CBeAeHHH 3a yAapeHHeTO HMb, CBeAeHHH, kohto 3acbrarb yAapeHHeTO Ha Tb3H e3HpH ome OTb Abaldona CTapocTb. Thh CBeAeHHH 6-bxa, kohto oObpHaxa BHHM3HHeTO Ha H-feKOH HOBH (j}HA0JI03H Aa Ce 3aXBaHaTb Cb H3yn- BaHeTo'Ha yAapeHHeTO H3o6mo.
F lb p B H H T b , kohto B3e H a ñ -H a n p e A b A a H3CAeABa y A a p e HHeTO B b HHAOeBpOneHCKHT'b e3HUH C n O p e A b HCTOpHHeCKOTO M y pa3BH TH e, 6-fe Louis Benloew2) 3HaM eHHTb (J)paH iiy3K H (p H A O A o rb ,
’ ) JlaTHHCKHHTb rpaMaTHKb Diotnedes HCHBinb Bb 4. b. cji. Xp., Hana- c a jib e«Ha JiaT. rpaMaTHKa (ars g ra m m a tic a ), kohto KaTO rpaMaTHKa H"feMa r o - JitM a ueHa, 3aui0T0 Cbabpw a mhoto norpbm KH , ana BaíKHa e 3aT0Ba, qe cb- flb p a ía MHOTO IXHT3TH H SeJieXKKH OTb CbHHHeHHH, KOHTO He CX CTHTHajIH no Hacb.
2) Louis Benloew ce poannb Ha 15. HoeMBpn 1818. r . Bb EpcpypTb (llpycHH). yq n a b ce Bb BepnHHb, AañnuHTb h FeTHHreHb. Ha 1839. r. ocTa- BHab llpycH H (3am0T0 He Moaranb na HaM-fepn TaMb cnyatóa, qe 6HJib eBpeHHb) h 3aMHHaab 3a <t>paHHHH, neTO, cnenb KaTO ce HaTypaaH3Hpanb, npnenb na
po^eH-b B t E p ^ y p T -b Ha 1818. t o a- O r b A"feAaTa My Haii-BaiKHH TyKb sa Hac-b e x : „ De l’accentuation dans les langues indoeuropéennes“ (Paris 1847 r.) h „Théorie générale de l ’accentuation la tin e“ (1855.); bto po to cbHHHeHHe mAarn* cb Apyrb eAHHb q>paHiiy3KH 4>HAOAorb Ha HMe Vieil. Bb nbpBOTO ch a^ao Benloew noA- Ætp>Ka Tne mhcah: HHAoeBponeficKOTO yAapeHHe He ce CbCTOHAO nbpBOHaqa^HO Bb ycuAeane na zAacbmb,KaKTO cera, a Bb My3u-
küaho ü3duzane na ZAacbmb. C no p e A t Benloew BcfeKa mhoto- CflO)KHa AyMa ce H3rOBapHAa eAHO BpeMe Tbü, iho to eAHa cpnnKa
°Tb Hen ce H3roBapnAa mV3Ukuaho no-BHCOKO OTb ApyrHrfe h
To OHaa cpnqKa ce OTAHnaBaAa cb no-BHCOKO My3HK3AHO H3ro- BapHHe, kohto e pavana naü-zoAWMO h nocAedno onpedrbAenue Ha AyMaTa, a to c x 6h a h, Ka3Ba, uacTHiin KaTO apzMenmu, npe- ÇfiiiKcu, cytfiuKeu h np. ToBa cbohctbo Ha CTapHrfe e3Hipa Aa no- CTaBHTb yAapaHHeTO Bpb3b nocA-dtibomo onpedtbAnute Benloew BbBBexAa Bb npHHHHnb h HapHna „le principe du dernier déter- rninant“ . ToBa e to nponyTHHTb Benloew npHHunnb Ha nocAeA- HbOTo onpeA'feAHiu.e. HeroBHTfe AyMH, Cb koh to onpeA'feAH, KaKBO pa3ÔHpa noAb nocAednbo onpedrbAauie, e x : Nous appelons le dernier déterminant d ’un mot la partie de ce mot, qui le déter
mine en dernier lieu, c’est à dire, qui lu i donne sa forme définitive (HHe HapHnaMe nocAeAHbo onpeA'feAHme Ha eAHa AyMa OHaa nacTb Ha AyMaTa, kohto h onpeA'feAH HaH-Ha3aA"b, t. e. kohto h Aana CBbpmeHa (J)opMa). JXo Karo BAaAfenAb toh npHHitnnb, AyMaTa He ce CM-fcTajia orne KaTO AoranecKO ufeAO, 3amoTO ce oôpbLqaAO BHHMaHHe npn rOBopeHeTO caMO Ha eAHa uacTb OTb Hen — Ha nocAeAHbOTo onpeA'feAHme. Tbü 6hao Hafi-HanpeAb Bb HHAOeBponeHCKHT'fe e3HUH. Ho noKpaü npHHHHna na nocAeAHbOTo onpeA'feAHme 3axBaHaAb Aa ce pa3BHBa Han-HanpeAb noAena, a nocAe Bce no-CKOpo h no-CKOpo AozuH.ecKunm'b npunu,unb Bb yAapeHHeTO, cnopeA'b kohto ce rAeAaAO Ha AyMaTa KaTO Ha eAHO AorHHecKü n-feAO h 3axBaHaah OTb ToraBa Aa noAaraTb yAape
HHeTO noBene Ha KopeHHaTa cpHHKa. KaKTO noKa3Ba hcto ph h th
Ha HHAOeBponeHCKHT'fe yAapeHHH, Ka3Ba Benloew, pa3BHTneT0 na YAapeHHeTO Bb MOAepHHTfe e3Htm OTb CTapmrfe noKa3Ba caMO ôopôa MexAy ntpeun h emopun npunnum, OTb kohto 6op6a KaTO ne AorHnecKHHTb npHHimnb H3AH3a noôeAHTeAb. Bb Tan 6op6a ce hbhb3 h A pyrH eAeMeHTb —- pa3AHK3Ta m o k a.y dbAzu
h K pam tcu t aacHH hah cbohctboto, HapeueHO KeaHm um em 'b. ToBa npenoAaBa hobht'è e3Hirn eAHO caeAb A pyro ripa AimeHT'fe Nantes h Bourges.
Ha 1847. r. c a e a t KaTO My AaJin THTJia Docteur ès lettres 3apaaH npeBb3X0A- HaTa My Te3a „De l ’accentuation dans les langues indoeuropénnes', Ha3Ha- uhjih ro Conservateur de la Sorbonne (eauH t bhat> nucneKTopb Ha napaacKM yHHBepcHTeTB), noc;ie My abah «a npenoAaBa no HHOCTpaHHHrfe AHTepaTypK bt. D ijon . Benloew B iB e a i m.pBH c pabhhtcahoto H3yuBaHe Ha e3HUHrk bt.
$paHirna. Ha 1860. r . ce orrerA H A b ott. KaTeapaTa h ce 3aHHMaBa OTb ToraBa Cb H3ynBaHeTo e3HKa h HCTopnaTa Ha AA6aHn*T'k, OTb Koèio H3yqB3He npo- H3Atee flta o T o : Analyse de la langue albanaise (1879).
CB0HCTB0 Ha CTapHTt H Ha HiiKOH OT-b HOBHT'fe e3Him> KOeTO Bb caHCKpHTCKH Hanp. He noKa3Ba a,a HMa hhk3kbo bahhhhc Bbpxy yAapeHHeTO, Bb rpbpKH h a3thhckh ce CTpyBa TOAKOBa chaho,
uîoto npeHHanaBa p'fe.aara CHCTeMa Ha yAapeHHeTO Bb tL3h
C3HUH1). CjieAT) KaTO 3aXBaHaAH aKIjeHTb H KBaHTHTeTb A3 Aen- CTByBaT"b B33HMHO, Ka3Ba ome Benloew, yAapeHHeTO Ha ÆyMHT'k sseno m CTaBa Bce no-HCHO h ho-chaho h ABata eAeMeHTa, Ka3Ba, yAapeHHeTO h KBaHTHTeTbTb, ce npHTerAHAH, 3a Aa ce CJI’feHTb CbBbpmeHO. H H3HCTHH3 TH BHHCAaMe, Ka3Ba, Bb MO- AepHHT'fe e3HU;H CbBCeMb CAeTH (K3KT0 B "b hLmCKH H (JjpeHCKH Hanp., agto AbAra cpnqKa Morne Aa 6a a c caMO OHaa, kohto hoch yAapeHne). KBaHTHTeT'b h yAapeHHe KaTO ne CTaBaTb caho h H3pa3HBaTb 3aeAHO p-fcAOCTbTa Ha AyMaTa.
Ha Benloew mhcaht-b B-bpxy HHAoeBponeficKOTO h MOAep-
hoto yAapenne, 3a npHHimnHT'b Ha KOeTO me HMaMe CAynaft Aa noroBopHMTj ouïe, CTOHTb oui;e h AHecb HenoKXTHaTH h AbAÔOKO 33KOpeHeHH nOHTH y BCHHKHT'fc, KOHTO CX Ce 33HHMaB3AH C"b Bbnpoca 3a yAapeHHeTO Bb HHAoeBponeHCKHT'fe e3Hii;H. OcoôeHO nbK"b CAeA"b KaTO Benloew 3aeAHO ch eAHHb Apyrb (JipaHii;. (Jrn- AOAor’b — Weil — H3AaAe o6m,OH3BecTHOTO aLao : Théorie gé
nérale de l’accentuation latine, suivie de recherches sur les in
scriptions accentuées et d’un examen de vues de M. Bopp sur l’histoire de l’accent, par Henri Weil et Louis Benloew profes
seur de faculté. Berlin 1855. OcoôeHHO e npH3H3T0 MHeHHeTO Ha Benloew, ne nbpBOHanaAHOTO HHAoeBponencKO yAapeHHe 6hao
My3UKaAH0, t. e. TAacbTb ce u3duzaAd caMO, 6e3-b Aa ce e na- nvbpmaA'b, a CAeAb BpeMe TOBa MysHKaAHO H3AHraHe Ha TAaca CT3B3A0 Bce no-CHAHO h no-CHAHO, AOKaTO CTHTHaAO ao ceram-
hoto yAapeHHe.
HpH bchhko ne Benloew HMa Beue eBponeftcKa nonyAnp- HOCTb h sacAymenb aBTOpHTeTb no HaynaTa 3a yAapeHHeTO, naK-b HMa kohto He oAodpHBaT-b yqeHHeTO My. TyKb me cno- MeHa eAHH-b MAaAt TpymeHHKb no cxmaTa Hayna (yAape
HHeTO), kohto He MaAKO 3acAyra e npHHecbAb 3a H3CAeAB3HeT0 Ha cpbdcKo-x-bpBaTCKOTO yAapeHHe. Leonard Masing, AOiieHTb npn neTepôyprcKHH yHHBepcHTeT-b, Bb cboht3 AHcepTarmH „Die
‘ ) TyKb Benloew MHCaa npaBHJiOTO, KoeTO Baafl-fee Bb rpbHKH h aaTHH-
ckh h cnopeab KoeTO, moMb nocaeaHHTa nan npeanocaeaHHTa cpanKa Bb enHa ayMa e dbjiza, to yaapeHneTO ne m o m b aa ctoh Ha Tpeina caorb 0Tb Kpaa. Tya b33Hmho aefiCTBHe Ha aKueHTb h KBaHTHTeT'b, KoeTO Benloew cno- MeHyBa caMO 3a rpbHKH h aaTHHCKH, e maKOBa oneBHano bt> caaBHHCKHTt e3HHH, moTO noB’feK'b He Moïse aa He noMHcaa, ne ahciuhoto noaBHiKHo yaa- peHHe BT> roroH3TOTOHTl5 caaBHHCKH e3HHH e npOH3Ji-fc3ao HMeHHO KaTO caea- CTBue Ha TOBa B3aHMoaeflCTBHe. Benloew, 3a maaocTb, He B3eab npn CBoeTO cpâBHeHne Ha yaapeHHATa bt> HHaoeBponeftcKHT-fe e3HUH Bb BHHMaHne h caaB-
hhckoto yaapeHHe.a to, k3kto e ocTpoyMeHb toh<})paHHy3KH (pnaoaorb, urbuie HaBtpHO aa H3Kapa Ha HBe ome mhoto h no-HHTepecHH 3aK0HH 3a HHaoeapo- neflcKOTO yaapeHHe.
Hauptformen des serbisch-chorwatischen Accentes, nebst einlei
tenden Bemerkungen zur Accentlehre insbesondere des Griechi
schen und des Sanscrit (DiaBHHT'b (J)opMH Ha cpböcxo-xbpBaT-
ckoto yaapeHHe, 3aeauo Cb bboähh ßeaeacxH Bbpxy HayxaTa
sa yaapeHHeTO Bb rpbnxH h c3hckphtckh), xaTo roßopH 3a Teo- pHHTa Ha Benloew, npenopamBa aa ce abpxsHMb no-HacTpaHa, Ka3Ba, oT-b Tan „CTpaHHa“ Teopna 3a hhcto My3nxaaHOTO yaa- peHHe des langues primitives, otkojikoto ao cera. Benloew, Ka3Ba Ma3HHrb, H3K33Ba MHoro CMibao h onpea'feaeHO cbohtIs mhcah, aaa He BHHarn MO>Ke aa My ce noßiipBa. 3a caHCKpHTCKH
^3HKb ce OTKpuxa, Ka3Ba Ma3HHrb, Bb nocaeaHO BpeMe Toaxoßa
hobh MaTepna^iH 3a yaapeHHeTO Ha T03H e3HKb, ihoto axo ö'bxa 6hjih thh MaTepHajiH a o c t ä h h h sa Benloew, to toh H^Mame aa nocTaßu CBOHT-b npnmjHnH Tbfl, xaKTO th e no.CTaBHa-b cera.
MoaepHHT'fe e3HHH pa3rae>xaa Benloew MHoro noBpbXHOCTHo; 3a aHT-bBCKHa ce 3aaoßoaHBa Cb aßa-Tpu npHM-bpa, nbxb OTb caaB- nHCKHTt e3HijH hh eanHb He cnoMeHyBa. Toßa gx HancraHa Ta- XHBa HeaocTaTbaH, kohto He 33BHCHTb OTb caMHH Benloew, a OTb BpeMeTo, KoraTO e nncaab KHHraTa ch, 3am,OTO Toraßa H t - Maao om,e hhk3kbh MaTepnaan hh OTb aHTbBCKOTO, hh OTb caaß-
shckoto yaapeHHe. Hmchho 3aTOBa, npoataixaBa Masing, e
TBbpae cbMHHTeaHo, aaan H3caeaBaHH5rra Ha Benloew Bbpxy pa3BHTHeTo Ha HHaoeBponeftcKOTO yaapeHHe Moare aa ce Hapeue ucmuncKU Hanped'bK'b KbMb pemeHHeTo Ha toh Bbnpocb, Tbö xaTo Bb ocHOBHTb Ha TeopHHTa My ToaxoBa om,e anncyßa, nbxb OHOBa, xoeTO e ynoTpböeHO 3a ocHOBa, ce CTpyBa mhoto xnno- TeTHHHo; 3aTOBa He e aoßpe Toxy-Tbfl aa ce oaoöpnBa Taxaßa eaHa TeopHH xaTO Benloew-aTa. Tbü ce H3pa3HBa Masing Bb peueHaTa rope aHcepTaitHH Ha CTp. 3 h 4. üo-nocae xaTo 3axßa- HeMb aa pa3rae>xaaMe npHHitHnHT'fe Ha caaBsmcxoTO yaapeHHe, ute ce noßbpHa naxb Bbpxy TeopHHTa Ha Benloew h Toraßa ute yxa>xa, xoe, cnopeaT> MeHe, OTb TeopHHTa My e 3a npneMaHe
h xoe — He.
B e n lo e w -O T o a ^ a o , e n b p ß o , a h n o c a e a H b o a o c e ra , Bb uoe T o ce e p a 3 ra e > xa a a o T b ß Ha npocTpaHHO yaapeHHeTO Ha h h- aoeBponeHCXHT-b e3HUH OTXbMb pa3BHTHe h C Ä u m o cT b . Xfpyro eaH o a ih a o n o c x u ih h B b n p o c b He e T o a x o 3 b np o cT p a H H O ; to p a 3 r a e * a a y a a p e H n e T o caMO B b TpH H H a o e B p o n e ficxH e3HUH: c a n - CXpHTCXH, rp b U X H H aaTHHCXH. To e a^aO TO Ha 3H3MeHHTHH
hTm c x h tjm a o a o r b Bopp1), ocHOBaTeab Ha M oaepH aTa cpaBHH-
*) Franz Bopp ce e po/rm ib H a 14. cemeMBpHfi 1791. r. bt, M a iin m . Ha 1812 r. OTHLU'bjii, bt> llapiDK-b, n e io ce 3ano3HaJib cb no-3HaMeHHTnri5 (pnuo- jio3h, KaKTo h cb 6n6jinoTeTCKHT-b cbKpoBHma. Ha 1816. r. H3aaab nbpBOTO ch : „Ü ber das Conjugationssystem der Sanscritsprache". Ha 1821. r. d a - Ha.ib npotjiecopb na BepriHH. yHHBepCHTeTb. LLfeaaTa My aeaTeaHOCTb ce BHwaa Bb Ä-baoTO M y : Vergleichende G ram m atik des Sanscrit, Zend, G riechischen, Lateinischen, Litauischen, Gotischen und Deutschen, B erlin 1833—52. Hpyraxh
