International HISER Conference on Advances in Recycling and Management of Construction and Demolition Waste
21-23 June 2017, Delft University of Technology, Delft, The Netherlands
338
Up-cycling today’s building stock: the case study of Paris region Augiseau V. 1 and Barles S.2
1,2
Université Paris 1, Géographie-Cités - CRIA UMR 8504, 191 rue Saint-Jacques, 75005 Paris, France, E-mail: augiseau@parisgeo.cnrs.fr
Abstract
Flows of construction materials through urban areas are significant not only in terms of consumption but also of processed output. They raise environmental issues together with land-use conflicts. In Paris region in 2013, domestic material consumption reaches 2.5 t/inhab. while local and exported processed output amounts for 0.7 t/inhab. and unused excavated materials extraction for 1.5 t/inhab. Besides, while non-metallic minerals form 95 % of the domestic consumption, only 57 % of the minerals consumed by the region are extracted locally. Up-cycling today’s building stock would reduce the amounts and lengths of those flows and it is defined as a priority target by local authorities.
Research carried out by Géographie-Cités laboratory and financed by the Regional council and the Regional office for environment (DRIEE) aims at analysing and anticipating regional flows and stock of construction materials in terms of quantity and location. Flows were estimated with the Eurostat top-down MFA method adapted to urban and regional scales by Barles (2009). Stock contained in buildings and networks was studied through a bottom-up assessment with the use of a 3D geographical database matched with local tax records which contain information on construction years, economic activities and materials in wall structures.
Results show that buildings form 64 % of the estimated total material stock and concrete 70 % of the stock contained in buildings. As statistics on building demolition are incomplete, comparison of local tax records for 2009 and 2014 brings indication on demolished surfaces, types of buildings and location. Concrete waste is estimated to amount for approximately one third of the consumption of aggregates for concrete during that period. As a regional development plan for 2030 sets high annual construction objectives in an already dense urban area, demolition is assumed to increase and up-cycling today’s building stock has a potential. Keywords: building demolition, secondary resources, material flows and stock analysis. Introduction
Flows of construction materials through urban areas are significant not only in terms of consumption but also of processed output (Matthews et al., 2000). They raise environmental issues together with land-use conflicts. However, materials contained in a city today, in the form of buildings and networks, could potentially be recycled tomorrow and partly substitute for primary resources in highly urbanised countries (Brunner, 2011). Construction materials flows and stock analysis is therefore an important issue in terms of understanding and managing the metabolism of socioeconomic systems. It is bound up with significant methodological challenges concerning the knowledge of flows and stock in terms of quantity, quality and location, along with short-term forecasting which is essential to anticipating and acting on metabolism.
Paris administrative region (région Ile-de-France) is a 12.012 km² highly urbanized area populated with 12 million inhabitants. A regional development plan for 2030 was launched in 2013. Its objectives are the construction of 70 000 housings per year and the development of
International HISER Conference on Advances in Recycling and Management of Construction and Demolition Waste
21-23 June 2017, Delft University of Technology, Delft, The Netherlands
339
200 km of mainly underground metro lines, 68 stations. 600 000 jobs are assumed to be created in the region until 2030. As both metro lines and expected housings construction are mainly located in the center of the region, the implementation of this plan will have a great impact on the volume and the location of construction materials input and output flows. In 2013, domestic material consumption reaches 2.5 t/inhab. while local and exported processed output amounts for 0.7 t/inhab. and unused excavated materials extraction for 1.5 t/inhab. Only 25 % of non-metallic minerals waste (excluding excavated materials) are up-cycled: 34 % are sent to landfills and 41 % used for quarries reclamation. Besides, while non-metallic minerals form 95 % of the domestic consumption, only 57 % of the minerals consumed by the region are extracted locally. Up-cycling today’s building stock would reduce the amounts and lengths of those flows and it is defined as a priority target by local authorities.
Research carried out by Géographie-Cités laboratory and financed by the Regional council and the Regional and Inter-departmental Directorate for the Environment and Energy aims at analysing and anticipating regional flows and stock of construction materials in terms of quantity and location. While taking into account all construction materials, it focuses on concrete up-cycling for concrete production.
Flows were estimated with the Eurostat top-down MFA method adapted to urban and regional scales by Barles (2009). Stock contained in buildings and networks was studied through a bottom-up assessment with the use of a 3D geographical database matched with local tax records which contain information on construction years, economic activities and materials in wall structures.
Results show that buildings form 64 % of the estimated total material stock and concrete 70 % of the stock contained in buildings. As statistics on building demolition are incomplete, comparison of local tax records for 2009 and 2014 brings indication on demolished surfaces, types of buildings and location. It shows that in 2013 concrete waste form approximately a third of aggregates used in concrete. As demolition is assumed to increase with the implementation of the regional development plan, up-cycling today’s building stock has a potential.
Acknowledgement
This research has been carried out within the framework of a project undertaken by the research centre Géographie-Cités - CRIA (UMR CNRS 8504), and is financed by the Regional and Inter-departmental Directorate for the Environment and Energy Ile-de-France (Direction régionale et interdépartementale de l'environnement et de l'énergie Ile-de-France) and the Regional Council of Ile-de-France (Conseil Régional d’Ile-de-France), which we thank for their support.
References
BARLES, S., 2009. "Urban metabolism of Paris and its region", Journal of Industrial
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BRUNNER, P. H. 2011. "Urban Mining, A Contribution to Reindustrializing the City",
Journal of Industrial Ecology 15 (3): 339-341.
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