Bulletin 676. Some pliocene and miocene foraminifera of the Coastal Plain of the United States

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D E P A R T M E N T OF T H E IN T E R IO R

Fr a n k l in K . La n e, Secretary

Un i t e d St a t e s Ge o l o g i c a l Su r v e y ' George Ot is Sm it h, D ire c to r

Bulletin 676

SOME PLIOCENE AND MIOCENE FORAMINIFERA OF THE COASTAL PLAIN OF THE

UNITED STATES

W A S H I N G T O N

G O V E R N M E N T P R I N T I N G O F F I C E 1 9 1 8

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CONTENTS.

Paga Pliocene Foram inifera of the Coastal P la in of the U n ite d States... 5 Miocene Foram inifera of the Coastal P la in of the U n ite d States... 39 In d e x ... 99

ILLU S T R A T IO N S .

Page.

Pl a t e s I - V I I I . Species ot Foram inifera found in the Pliocene of the Coastal P la in of the U n ite d States... 29 I X - X X X I . Species of Foram inifera found in the Miocene of the Coastal

P la in of the U n ite d States... 75 3

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PLIOCENE FORAMINIFERA OF THE COASTAL PLAIN OF THE UNITED STATES.

B y Jo s e p h Au g u s t i n e Cu s h m a n.

The collection of Pliocene Foraminifera discussed in this report was obtained through the U nited States Geological Survey and the Florida Geological Survey. The m aterial represents five localities in three States— Walkers B luff, Cape Fear River, N. C. (several species) ; Cronly, 16 miles west of W ilm ington, N. C. (several species) ; Waccamaw River, S. C. (a large number of species); Shell Creek, De Soto County, Fla. (very few species) ; and Caloosaliatchee River, Fla. (the largest number of species). Most of the species are fa irly well preserved and some of them occur in considerable numbers, b u t others are represented b y a single specimen.

Two geologic formations are represented b y the five localities:

The Waccamaw form ation 1 b y Walkers B lu ff and Cronly, N. C., and Waccamaw River, S. C.; the Caloosaliatchee m a r l2 b y Caloosa

hatchee R iver and Shell Creek, Fla.

A comparison of the faunas shows marked differences in the con

ditions under which the two formations were deposited. Although the lots of m aterial from the Waccamaw form ation are not so rich as those from the Caloosaliatchee marl, they nevertheless contain enough species clearly to show th a t the Waccamaw was laid down under conditions very dissimilar to those of the Caloosaliatchee at its type locality. Very few typ ic a lly southern species occur outside of the Caloosahatchee m arl on Caloosahatchee River. Nearly all the species in all the m aterial are identical w ith those found at the present tim e along our A tla n tic coast, b u t those from the Waccamaw form ation of N o rth and South Carolina and also some of those from Shell Creek, Fla., are much more sim ilar to the m aterial now found north of Cape Hatteras, while the Caloosahatchee R iver m aterial rep

resents a typ ica lly tropical slioal-water fauna such as may bo found

1 F o r description see M ille r, B . L ., Th e T e rtia ry form ations: N o rth Carolina Geol. a nd Econ. Survey, vo l. 3, p p . 250, 258, 1912. C lark, W . B ., U . S. Geol. Survey Prof. Paper 71, p p . 748, 749, 1912.

! F o r description seo Matson, G. C., and Clapp, F . G ., A p re lim in a ry re p o rt on th e geology o f F lorida:

F lo rid a Geol. Survey Second A n n . R e p t., p p. 123-128, 1909. Vaughan, T . W ., U . S. Geol. Survey P ro f.

Paper 71, p p. 810, 811, 1912. Matson, G. C., Geology and ground waters of F lo rid a : U . S. Geol. Survey W a ter-S upply Paper 319, pp. 134-138, 1913.

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6 F OK A M I N I F E K A OF T H E C O AS TA L P L A IN .

about southern Florida and in shallow water about the West Indies.

Such genera as Orbitolites, Orbiculina, Peneroplis, and Qninqueloculina form a large part of the foram iniferal fauna in the present coral-reef area in southern Florida and the West Indies. These genera form a large portion of the foram iniferal fauna of the Caloosahatchee m arl from Caloosahatchee River, b u t they occur not at all or only very sparingly in the other lots of material, as w ill be seen b y refer

ence to the table of occurrence (p. 7).

The Miliolidae are typical of warm shallow water and therefore indicate th a t the Caloosahatchee m aterial was formed under such conditions. The more northern assemblage of forms found in the other lots indicate in ' a sim ilar way th a t the m aterial was deposited in cooler water. I t is interesting th a t in certain genera, such as Discorbis, the species represented in the northern lots of m aterial are replaced in the Caloosahatchee m arl b y sim ilar species having a much more southern distribution.

N o t all the specimens in the Pliocene m aterial can be referred to described species, and a few of them are here described as new.

Others differ somewhat from species described, b u t they are assigned to those species and the differences noted. Many of the species, especially of the Caloosahatchee marl, seem to be close to or identical w ith the species described b y D ’Orbigny in his work on the fauna of the shore sands of Cuba.

In none of the lots do the Foraminifera form a considerable por

tion of the material. They are comparatively few and inconspicuous.

None of the deposits are in any sense foram iniferal marls, although in some of the Caloosahatchee material Orbiculina and Orbitolites are easily distinguished.

The following table shows the occurrence of the species obtained at the five localities. The te x t sets fo rth something of the ir geo

graphic and geologic distribution and gives enough synonymy so th a t original figures can be consulted if desired. The figures on the accompanying plates are all original and were made from specimens obtained at the localities here discussed.

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P L IO C E N E F O R A M IN IF E B A . 7

D istribution o f Pliocene Coastal P la in Foraminifera.

[The species m arked “ ( M ) ” occur also in the Miocene.]

W accamaw fo rm a tion . Caloosahatchee m a rl.

W alkers B lu ff, N . C.

C ronly, N . C.

Wacca

m aw R iv e r,

s . c . Shell Creek,

Fla.

Caloosa

hatchee R ive r,

F la.

X X

X

X X

X X X x

X X X

X x x

X

X X

X X X

X

X X

X X X X

X X X

X

x ^X_X

X X X

X X

X ... 1... !... _X

X

1 X_X

1 1 X

1 XX

X

. __ X

• I . X

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8 F O B A M IN IF E B A OF T H E C O AS TA L P L A IN .

Family TEXTU LA RUD AE.

Genus T E X TU LA R IA Defrance, 1824.

Textularia gramen D ’Orbigny.

Plate I , figure 1; Plate I I , figure 1.

Textularia gramen D ’O rbigny, Foraminiferes fossiles du bassin te rtia ire de Vienne, p. 248, p i. 15, figs. 4, 6,1846.

B rady, Challenger K e p t., Zoology, vol. 9, p. 365, p i. 43, figs. 9,10,1884.

F lin t, U . S. Nat. Mus. R ept. for 1897, p. 284, p i. 29, fig. 5,1899.

Cusbman, U. S. Nat. Mus. B u ll. 71, p t. 2, p. 8, figs. 6-8, 1911.

Test short, nearly as broad as long, cuneate, ra p idly increasing in breadth from the early chambers; chambers comparatively few, lateral borders angled, sutures more or less in d istinct; wall arena

ceous; aperture elongate, at the base of the inner border of the chamber.

Specimens of this species were found in the Waccamaw form ation, at Cronly, N. C., and on Waccamaw River, S. C. The specimens from these two localities differ somewhat in texture and other minor characters. They both evidently belong to the same species. The specimens from N o rth Carolina are smoother and have higher chambers than those from South Carolina.

This species is a common one in the T e rtia ry deposits and also in the present ocean. I t is w idely distributed.

Genus B O L IV IN A D'Orbigny, 1839.

Bolivina karreriana Brady.

Plate I I , figure 5.

B olivin a larreriana B rady, Quart. Jour. M icr. Sei., vol. 21, p. 58, 1881; Challenger Rept., Zoology, vol. 9, p. 424, p i. 53, figs. 19-21,1884.

Egger, K .-bayer A kad. Wiss. M ünchen, C l. I I , A bh ., vol. 18, p. 299, p i. S, figs.

38, 39, 1893.

Cushman, U . S. Nat. Mus. B u ll. 71, p t. 2, p. 40, fig. 65 a, b, 1911.

Test elongate, compressed, cylindrical, apical end broadly rounded;

chambers several, inflated, sutures somewhat depressed b u t not breaking up the costae of the ornamentation; waff calcareous, ornamented b y numerous longitudinal raised costae running the whole length of the test, occasionally branching or u n itin g ; aperture broadly elliptical and bordered by a raised lip ; color white.

This species was found in considerable numbers in the Caloosa- hatchee m arl on Shell Creek, Fla. The specimens differ somewhat from the typical B. Tcarreriana b u t on the whole undoubtedly represent this species. None of the specimens had a spinose apical end, all being broadly rounded. The species has been described b y Brady from recent material in the Pacific and southern A tlan tic. Its occurrence in the Pliocene of Florida is an unexpected extension of its range.

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Genus V E R N E U IL IN A D ’Orbigny, 1840.

Verneuilina glabrata Cushman, n. sp.

Plate I , figure 2.

Test elongate, three-sided, triangular in transverse section, sides flattened, or one slig h tly concave, the in itia l end acute, test broadest in the middle, tapering again toward the apertural end; wall usually rather smooth or slightly granular, edges of the chamber at the aperture thickened; the aperture a curved s lit at the base of the inner chamber.

Type specimen, U.S.N.M. No. 325308.

This species was found in the Waccamaw form ation at Cronly, N. C. I t somewhat resembles V. spinulosa Keuss b u t differs in the tapering form and in the nonspinose character of the test.

Genus CA SSID ULIN A D ’Orbigny, 1826.

Cassidulina laevigata D ’Orbigny.

Plate I , figure 5.

Cassidulina laevigata D ’ Orbigny, Annales sci. nat., vol. 7, p. 282, p i. 15, figs. 4, 5, 1826;

Modèles, No. 41, 1826.

W illiam son, R,ecent Foram inifera of Great B rita in , p. 68, p i. 6, figs. 141, 142, 1858.

Brady, Challenger Rept., Zoology, vol. 9, p. 428, p i. 54, figs. 1-3, 1884.

Cushman, U. S. Nat. Mus. B u ll. 71, pt. 2, p. 96, fig. 150 a, h, 1911.

Test nearly circular in outline, in side view lenticular, nearly biconvex w ith an angled periphery or somewhat carinate; chambers numerous, long and narrow, curved, alternating; sutures distinct but not depressed; w all calcareous, smooth; aperture an elongate s lit close to the end, nearly parallel to the margin of the test; color white.

This species was found in the Waccamaw form ation at Cronly, N. C. I t is typical in every way. The species has been found in the T ertiary of Europe and is w idely distributed in the present oceans.

I t may be considered a cool-water form, although i t occurs in the Mediterranean.

Family LAG ENIDAE.

Genus LAGENA Walker and Boys, 1784.

Lagena semistriata Williamson.

Lagena striata var. semistriata W illiam son, Annals and Mag. Nat. H is t., 2d ser., vol. 1, p. 14, p i. 1, figs. 9, 10, 1848.

Lagena semistriata Jones, Parker, and Brady, Monograph of the Foram inifera of the Crag, p. 34, p i. 4, fig. 6, 1866.

B rady, Challenger Rept., Zoology, vol. 9, p. 465, p i. 57, figs. 14, 16, 17, 1884.

Test flask-shaped, smooth except fo r the apical end, which has numerous short radiating raised costae extending about a quarter

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10 F O R A M IN IF E B A OF T H E C O AS TA L P L A IN .

of the length of the test; neck elongated; aperture w ith a phialine lip ; test rounded in cross section.

A single specimen of this species occurred in the Caloosahatchee m arl on Shell Creek, Fla.

Genus M A R G IN U L IN A D ’Orbigny, 1826.

Marginulina sp.?

Plate I , figure 4.

A single specimen figured in outline was found in the Waccamaw form ation at Cronly, N. C. I t is a very young specimen and is not sufficiently developed to determine specifically.

Genus CR ISTELLA R IA Lamarck, 1816.

Cristellaria gibba D ’Orbigny.

Cristellaria gibba D ’ Orbigny, in De la Sagra, Histoire physique, p o litiq u e e t naturelle de f i l e de Cuba, Foraminif&res, p. 63, p i. 7, figs. 20, 21, 1839.

Brady, Challenger Rept., Zoology, vol. 9, p. 546, p i. 69, figs. 8, 9, 1884.

F lin t, U. S. Nat. Mus. Rept. for 1897, p. 317, p i. 64, fig. 1, 1899.

Cushman, U . S. Nat. Mus. B u ll. 71, p t. 3, p. 69, p i. 35, fig. 1, 1913.

Test elongate oval, biconvex, peripheral margin subacute; wall smooth; sutures slig h tly if at all depressed; chambers comparatively few.

A single worn specimen was found in the Waccamaw form ation on Waccamaw River, S. C. Although the exterior is largely eroded tlie form of the test is th a t of this species. The species is widely distributed both geographically and geologically, and its occurrence is therefore not at all characteristic.

Genus U V IG E R IN A D ’Orbigny, 1826.

Uvigerina tenuistriata Reuss.

Plate I, figure 3.

Uvigerina tenuistriata Reuss, K . Akad. Wiss. W ien Sitzungsber., vol. 52, p. 485, 1870.

Von S chlicht, D ie Foram iniferen des Septarienthones von P ietzpuhl, p i. 22, figs.

34-36, 1870.

Test elongate, cylindrical, somewhat tapering toward the apical end, composed of numerous inflated chambers w ith distinct, de

pressed sutures, the early chambers w ith fine longitudinal costae, later ones often smooth; lyierture w ith a short tubular neck; w all w ith a phialine lip.

This species occurred in the Waccamaw form ation at Cronly, N. C.

The specimen figured is shorter than is typical but otherwise seems to belong to this species. Reuss described this species from speci

mens obtained in the T e rtia ry of Europe, and i t is rather w idely dis

tributed in the present oceans.

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P L IO C E N E F O R A M IN IF E R A . 11

Uvigerina angulosa Williamson.

Uvigerina angulosa W illiam son, Recent Foram inifera of Great B rita in , p. 67, p i. 5, fig. 140, 1858.

F lin t, U . S. Nat. Mus. A nn. Rept. for 1897, p. 320, p i. 68, fig. 3, 1899.

Cushman, U . S. Nat. Mus. B u ll. 71, pt. 3, p. 98, p i. 44, fig. 4, 1913.

Test elongate, tapering toward either end; chambers numerous, usually three in each whorl, laterally compressed, making a triangu

lar test in end view; w all costate lo n gitu d ina lly; sutures depressed;

apical end of test often slig h tly spinose; aperture w ith a short tubu

la r neck.

This species occurred in the Waccamaw form ation on Waccamaw River, S. C. I t is typical except th a t the costae are rather more numerous than is usual in recent specimens. I t occurs in the later T e rtia ry of Europe and is rather w idely distributed in the present oceans. I t is not a typical tropical foram inifer b u t is more charac

teristic of temperate waters.

Genus P O L Y M O R P H IN A D ’Orbigny, 1826.

Polymorphina gibba (D ’Orbigny) Brady, Parker, and Jones.

Globulina gibba D ’O rbigny, Foraminiffercs fossiles du bassin te rtia ire de Vienne, p. 227, p i. 13, figs. 13, 14, 1846.

Polymorphina gibba ( D ’O rbigny) B rad y, Parker, and Jones (pa rt), Linnaean Soc.

London Trans., v o l. 27, p. 216, p i. 39, figs. 2a-d, 1870.

B rady, Challenger R ept., Zoology, vol. 9, p. 561, p i. 71, figs. 12a, b, 1884.

Test oval, both in end and in side views, in fla te d ; visible cham

bers few; sutures distinct b u t not depressed or only slightly so; wall smooth; apertural end somewhat drawn out; aperture radiate.

A single specimen of this species occurred in the Caloosaliatchee m arl on Shell Creek, Fla. I t seems typical and very sim ilar to the specimens figured b y Brady. I t occurs in the T e rtia ry of Europe and perhaps in earlier beds and is rather widely distributed in the present oceans.

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12 F O B A M IN IF E B A OF T I-IE CO AS TA L P L A IN .

Family G L O B IG E R IN ID A E . Genus O RBU LINA D ’Orbigny, 1839.

Orbulina universa D ’Orbigny.

Plate I I I , figure 3.

Orbulina universa D ’O rbigny, in De la Sagra, H isto ire physique, p o litiq u e e t na turelle de P ile de Cuba, Foraminifères, p. 3, p i. 1, fig. 1, 1839; in Barker, W ebb, and B erthelot, H isto ire na turelle des îles Canaries, v o l. 2, p t. 2, p. 122, p l. 1, fig.

1, 1839.

W illiam son, Recent Foram inifera of Great B rita in , p. 2, p l. 1, fig. 4, 1858.

B rady, Challenger R ept., Zoology, vol. 9, p. 608, p l. 78; p l. 81, figs. 8-26; p l. 82, figs. 1-3, 1884.

F lin t, U. S. N a t. Mus. A nn . Rept. for 1897, p. 322, p l. 69, fig. 1, 1899.

Cushman, U. S. Nat. Mus. B u ll. 71, pt. 4, p. 14, p l. 6; p l. 7; p l. 11, fig. 3, 1914.

Test from the exterior consisting of a single nearly spherical cham

ber b u t often inclosing several Globigerinq-like chambers w ithin, surface reticulate, perforate, w ith a single large circular aperture.

In the Waccamaw form ation on Waccamaw River, S. C., a single specimen occurred which seems to he this species, although the sur

face is not clearly characteristic. This species is recorded from the Lias to the present, b u t the specimens from the earlier formations are not all well preserved. I t is very w idely distributed in the present oceans.

Genus G LO B IG E R IN A D ’Orbigny, 1826.

Globigerina bulloides D ’Orbigny.

Globigerina bulloides D ’O rbigny, Annales sci. na t., vol. 7, p. 277, No. 1, 1826; Modèles, Nos. 17, 76; Voyage dans l ’A m érique m éridionale, Foraminifères, p. 37, 1839; in Barker, Webb, and B erthelot, H isto ire na turelle des îles Canaries, pt. 2, p. 132, p l. 2, figs. 1-3, 28, 1839.

W illiam son, Recent Foram inifera of Great B rita in , p. 56, p l. 5, figs. 116-118, 1858.

B rady, Challenger Rept., Zoology, v o l. 9, p. 593, p l. 77; p l. 79, figs. 3-7, 1884.

F lin t, U . S. N at. Mus. A nn . R ept. for 1897, p. 321, p l. 69, fig. 2,1899.

Cushman, U . S. Nat. Mus. B u ll. 71, pt. 4, p. 5, p l. 2, figs. 7-9; p l. 9, 1914.

Test subglobose, spiral, made up of a few inflated chambers, all visible from the dorsal side, three to four visible from the ventral side; sutures deep, surface reticulate.

A few specimens from the Waccamaw form ation on Waccamaw River, S. C., apparently belong to this species, which is w idely dis

tributed geographically and geologically.

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Family R O TALUDA E.

Genus DISC O R B IS Lamarck, 1804.

Discorbis globularis (D ’Orbigny) Cushman.

P late I , figure 9.

Rosalina iglobularis D ’O rbigny, Annal'es sci. nat., vol. 7, p. 271, p i. 13, figs. 1-4,1826.

Discorbis globularis ( D ’O rbigny) Cusliman, U . S. Nat. Mus. B u ll. 71, pt. 5, p. 11, p i. 9, fig. 4; fig. 9 in te x t, 1915.

Discorbina globularis ( D ’O rbigny) Carpenter, Parker, and Jones, In tro d u c tio n to the stud y of the Foram inifera, p. 204, p i. 3, fig. 1, 1862.

Brady, Challenger R ept., Zoology, v o l. 9, p. 643, p i. 86, figs. 8, 13, 1884.

F lin t, U. S. Nat. Mus. A nn . R ept. fo r 1897, p. 327, p i. 72, fig. 2, 1899.

Bagg, U . S. Geol. Survey B u ll. 513, p. 81, p i. 24, fig. 15, 1912.

Test plano-convex, dorsal side convex, rounded, ventral side usually flattened or somewhat concave, peripheral margin rounded on the ventral side w ith radiating lines on the border; chambers few, usually five in the last-formed w horl; sutures slig h tly depressed, much more so on the ventral side, where the chambers end at the center in angular projections; umbilicate.

This species was found in the Waccamaw form ation at Cronly, N. C., and on Waccamaw R iver, S. C., and in the Caloosahatchee m arl on Shell Creek, Fla. A ll the specimens from these localities were typical, showing especially the m illed edge on the ventral border.

This species occurs in the T e rtia ry of Europe and in the present oceans m ainly in temperate and subtropical waters, being much less common in the Tropics.

Discorbis orbicularis (Terquem) Berthelin.

Rosalina orbicularis Terquem , Essai sur le classement des anim aux q u i v iv e n t sur la plage e t dans les environs de Dunkerque, p. 75, p i. 9, fig. 4a, b, 1876.

Discorbis orbicularis (Terquem ) B e rth e lin , Foram iniferes re cu e illis dans la baie de Bourgpeuf e t & P om ichet, p. 39, No. 63, 1878.

B rady, Challenger R ept., Zoology, vol. 9, p. 647, p i. 88, figs. 4-8, 1884.

Test convex dorsally, concave ve ntra lly; chambers few, ranging from two to fou r in the last-formed w horl; peripheral border acute, sometimes carinate; sutures well marked by fine lines, occasionally lim bate; chambers ve ntra lly elongate, from three to five visible;

w all punctate.

This species occurred in the Caloosahatchee m arl on Caloosahatchee R iver, Fla. I t is known from the Miocene and Pliocene of south

ern Europe. In the present oceans i t occurs most abundantly as a coral-reef species of the Tropics, especially in shallow water.

This is interesting, as this species occurs in the Caloosahatchee, which has typ ica lly a tropical reef-coral fauna, so far as the Fora

m inifera show, and i t does not occur in m aterial from the other three localities here described, which have a more northern assemblage of forms.

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14 F O B A M IN IF E R A OF T H E CO AS TA L P L A IN .

Discorbis subrugosa Cushman, n. sp.

Plate Y , figure 4.

Test composed of numerous chambers, six or seven in the final whorl, inflated; sutures deeply depressed; dorsally somewhat um- bonate, ve ntra lly somewhat flattened, depressed at the umbilicus;

chambers extending in to the center of the test; ventral margin broadly rounded, surface smooth.

Type specimen, U . S. N. M. No. 325309.

This species was found in the m aterial of the Caloosahatchee m arl on Caloosahatchee River, Fla. In form and general shape i t much resembles Discorbina rugosa D ’Orbigny, b u t i t is not so rugose as th a t species and the chambers on the ventral side extend to the center.

Discorbis vilardeboana (D ’Orbigny) Cushman.

P la te I I I , figure 1.

Rosalina vilardeboana D ’O rbigny, Voyage dans l ’A m érique m éridionale, Foram ini- fères, p. 44, p i. 6, figs. 13-15, 1839.

Discorbis vilardeboana (D ’ O rbigny) Cushman, U . S. Nat. Mus. B u ll. 71, p t. 5, p. 14, p i. 9, fig. 2; fig. 14 in te x t, 1915.

Discorbina vilardeboana (D ’ O rbig ny) Parker and Jones, London Geol. Soc. Quart.

Jour., v o l. 28, p. 115,1872.

B rad y, Challenger R ept., Zoology, vol. 9, p. 645, p i. 86, figs. 9-12; p i. 88, fig. 2, 1884.

Bagg, U . S .N a t. Mus. Proc., vol. 34, p. 157,1908.

Test plano-convex, rounded dorsally, flattened or slig h tly concave ventrally, peripheral margin rounded ; chambers five to seven in the last-formed whorl, on the ventral side the last-formed chamber large, often form ing one-third of the ventral surface; sutures distinct, slig h tly depressed, especially on the ventral side ; umbilicate.

A single specimen of this species was found in the Caloosahatchee m arl on Caloosahatchee River, Fla., and seems to be typical in every way. This species is known in the T e rtia ry of Europe and is widely distributed in the present oceans.

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P L IO C E N E F O R A M E N IF E R A . 15

Genus A N O M A LIN A D ’Orbigny, 1826.

Anomalina ammonoides (Keuss) Brady.

Plate I , figure 11; Plate IV , figure 2.

Rosalind ammonoides Reuss, Geognostiche Skizze aus Bolim en, Band 2, p. 214, 1844.

Anom alina ammonoides (Reuss) B rad y, Challenger R ept., Zoology, vol. 9, p. 672, p i. 94, figs. 2, 3, 1884.

F lin t, U . S. N at. Mus. A nn. R ept. fo r 1897, p. 335, p i. 78, fig. 4, 1899.

Bagg, U . S. Geol. Survey B u ll. 513, p. 85, p i. 26, figs. 7-10,1912.

Planorbulina ammonoides (Reuss) Jones, Geologist [London], vol. 6, p. 294, p i. 15, figs. 7, 8, 1863.

Discorbina ammonoides (Reuss) Reuss, K . A kad. Wiss. W ien Sitzungsber., vol. 52, p. 456, No. 5, 1865.

Rotalia ammonoides (Reuss) G iim bel, K .-bayer. A kad. Wiss. Sitzungsber., 1870, p. 283.

Test biconvex, composed of three or fou r whorls; chambers numer

ous, ten or more in each whorl, slig h tly concave at the um bilici, chambers somewhat inflated; sutures depressed, d istin ct; periph

eral margin rounded; w all coarsely perforate, especially on the ven

tra l side.

Specimens were found in the Waccamaw form ation at Cronly, N. C., and on Waccamaw River, S. C. As a fossil this species, to judge from the records, has a wide range, and i t is also w idely distrib

uted in the present oceans.

Anomalina grosserugosa (Gtim bel) Brady.

Plate IV , figure 1.

Truncatulina grosserugosa G iim bel, K .-bayer. A kad. Wiss. A b h ., vol. 10, p. 660;

p i. 2, fig. 104, 1868.

Anom alina grosserugosa (G iim b el) B rad y, Challenger R e pt., Zoology, vol. 9, p. 673, p i. 94, figs. 4, 5, 1884.

F lin t, U . S. N at. Mus. A n n . R ept. fo r 1897, p. 335, p i. 78, fig. 5, 1899.

Bagg, U . S. Geol. Survey B u ll. 513, p. 85, p i. 26, figs. 1-6, 1912.

Test nautiloid, dorsally somewhat concave, ventrally somewhat convex; chambers numerous, all visible from the dorsal side, b u t only those of the last-formed w horl visible from the ventral side, chambers inflated, six to eight in the last-formed w horl; sutures de

pressed; periphery broadly rounded; w all coarsely perforate, more so on the ventral side.

A few specimens evidently belonging to this species were found in the Waccamaw form ation on Waccamaw River, S. C. I t is found as a fossil in the T e rtia ry of Europe and is rather w idely distributed in the cooler waters of the present oceans.

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16 E O B A M IN T F E B A OE T H E C O A S TA L P L A IN .

Genus T R U N C A T U L IN A D ’Orbigny, 1826.

Truncatulina lobatula (W alker and Jacob) D ’Orbigny.

Plate I , figure 10.

N a utilus lobatulus W alker and Jacob, A dam ’s Essays on the microscope, Kanm acher’s ed., p. 642, p i. 14, fig. 36, 1798.

Truncatulina lobatula (W alker and Jacob) D ’O rbigny, in Barker, W ebb, and B erthelot, H is to ire n a turelle des lies Canaries, vol. 2, p t. 2, p. 134, p i. 2, figs. 22-24,1839.

B rad y, Challenger R ept., Zoology, vol. 9; p. 660, p i. 92, fig. 10; p i. 93, figs. 1, 4, 5;

p i. 95, figs. 4, 5, 1884.

F lin t, U . S. N at. Mus. A n n . R ept. fo r 1897, p. 333, p i. 76, fig. 4, 1899.

Bagg, B u ll. U . S. Geol. Survey B u ll. 513, p. 82, p i. 24, figs. 9-14, 1912.

Serpula lobatula (W alker and Jacob), Montagu, Testacea B rita n n ic a , p. 515, 1803;

S uppl., p. 160, 1808.

Test plano-convex, flattened on the ventral face, moderately-con

vex dorsally, peripheral margin rounded; chambers numerous, seven or eight in the last-formed w horl; sutures depressed, especially on the dorsal face; w all smooth, punctate.

This species was found in the Waccamaw form ation at Cronly, N. C. From the records i t is w idely distributed both geographically and geologically. On our A tla n tic coast, however, i t is one of the most common species, especially in the northern portion, therefore i t would be expected in the N o rth Carolina m aterial rather than in th a t obtained farther south.

Truncatulina boueana D ’Orbigny.

Truncatulina boueana D ’ O rbigny, Foram iniferes fossiles d u bassin te rtia ire de V ienne, p. 169, p i. 9, figs. 24-26, 1846.

Test plano-convex, dorsally flattened, ve ntra lly convex, nine or ten chambers in the last-formed whorl, all chambers visible from the dorsal side, only the last-formed w horl visible from the ventral side;

sutures distinct b u t only slightly depressed; peripheral m argin acute, not lobulated, or only slig h tly so; w all coarsely perforate.

This species was found in the Waccamaw form ation on Waccamaw River, S. C. I t is more regularly b u ilt than T. lobatula and the peripheral border is more regular. I t is described from specimens found in the T e rtia ry of Europe.

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Truncatulina ungeriana (D ’Orbigny) Reuss.

P late IV , figure 5.

Rotalina ungeriana D ’ O rbigny, Foram iniferes fossiles d u bassin te rtia ire de Vienne, p. 157, p i. 8, figs. 16-18, 1846.

Truncatulina ungeriana (D ’ O rbigny) Reuss, K . A kad. Wiss. W ien D enksclir., vol. 25, p. 161, 1865.

B rady, Challenger R ept., Zoology, vol. 9, p. 664, p i. 94, figs. 9a-d, 1884.

F lin t, U . S. Nat. Mus. A nn . R ept. fo r 1897, p. 333, p i. 77, fig. 2, 1899.

P lanorbulina ungeriana (D ’ O rbigny) B rad y, Linnaean Soc. London Trans., vol. 24, p. 469, p i. 48, fig. 12, 1864.

Test unequally biconvex, peripheral margin subacute, somewhat carinate; chambers numerous, ten to twelve in the last-formed w h o rl;

sutures distinct, somewhat depressed; w all somewhat coarsely punc

tate dorsally.

One rather poor, broken specimen of this species was found in the Caloosaliatchee m arl on Shell Creek, Fla. The species occurs in the later T e rtia ry of Europe and is fa irly common in the cooler waters of the present oceans.

Genus P U L V IN U L IN A Parker and Jones, 1862.

Pulvinulina congamerata (Montagu) Brady.

Plate IV , figure 4.

Serpula concamerata Montagu, Testacea B rita n n ica S uppl., p. 160,1808.

P u lv in u lin a repanda var. concamerata (Montagu) B rady, Challenger R ept., Zoology, vol. 9, p. 685, p i. 104, figs. 19a-c, 1884.

Rotalina concamerata (Montagu) W illiam son, Recent F oram inifera of Great B rita in , p. 52, p i. 4, fig. 102, 1858.

Test biconvex, more convex dorsally than ve n tra lly ; chambers numerous, seven or more in the last-formed whorl, um bilicate below;

peripheral m argin subacute, carinate; sutures on the dorsal side raised, conspicuously lim bate, ve ntra lly depressed, surface smooth.

This species was found in the Waccamaw form ation at Cronly, N. C., and on Waccamaw E iver, S. C. I t is found in the present ocean in comparatively shallow water in temperate regions, especi

ally of the north A tlan tic. Therefore i t is an added indication of the cool-water conditions under which the Pliocene materials of N o rth and South Carolina were laid down. I t was not found in the Pliocene m aterial from Florida,

35779°— 18—B u ll. 676--- 2

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18 F O B A M IN T F E R A OF T H E C O A S TA L P L A IN .

Genus R O T A L IA Lamarck, 1804.

Rotalia beccarii (Linnaeus) D ’Orbigny.

Plate V , figure 1; Plate V I, figure 1.

N a utilus beccarii Linnaeus, Systema naturae, 12th ed., p. 1162,1767; G m elin’ s 13t.h ed., p. 3370, No. 4, 1788.

Rotalia ( T urbinu lin a) beccarii (Linnaeus) D ’O rbigny, Annales sci. nat., vol. 7, p.

275, No. 40, 1826; Modèles, No. 74, 1826.

Rotalia beccarii (Linnaeus) Parker and Jones, Philos. Trans., v o l. 155, p. 388, p i. 16, figs. 29,30,1865.

B rady, Challenger R ept., Zoology, v o l. 9, p. 704, p i. 107, figs. 2, 3, 1884.

F lin t, U . S. N at. Mus. A nn . R ept. for 1897, p. 331, p i. 75, fig. 2,1899.

Test biconvex; chambers numerous, the last-formed w horl con

taining eight to twelve; periphery rounded; sutures lim bate above, much depressed ventrally, um bilical region often filled w ith a rounded mass of m aterial surrounded b y a depressed area running to the sutures; w all smooth.

This species was found in the Waccamaw form ation at Cronly, N. C., and on Waccamaw River, S. C., and in the Caloosahatch.ee m arl on Shell Creek, Fla. The m aterial from all these localities is typical.

As a fossil i t occurs from the Miocene to the Pliocene. I t is common in shallow water, especially in the temperate seas, therefore its occurrence at these three localities is w hat m ig h t be expected. I t is represented in the Caloosahatchee m arl b y another form, described below.

Rotalia beccarii (Linnaeus) D ’Orbigny var. ornata Cushman, n. var.

Plate V I I I , figure 7.

Test biconvex, periphery broadly rounded; chambers numerous, last-formed coil consisting of ten or more chambers; sutures marked w ith a raised ornamentation of clear shell material, both dorsally and ventrally.

Type specimen, U. S. N. M. No. 325310.

This va rie ty is not uncommon in the Caloosahatchee m a rl on Caloosahatchee River, Fla. I t is apparently a tropical m odification of the species.

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Family N U M M U L IN ID A E . Genus N O N IO N IN A D ’Orbigny, 1826.

Nonionina depressula (W alker and Jacob) Parker and Jones.

Plate I , figure 6.

N a utilus depressulus W alker and Jacob, in A dam ’s Essays on the microscope, K an- macher’s ed., p. 641, p i. 14, fig. 33, 1798.

Nonionina depressula (W alker and Jacob) Parker and Jones, Annals and Mag. N at.

H is t., 3d ser., vol. 4, pp. 339, 341, 1859.

Brady, Challenger R ept., Zoology, v o l. 9, p. 725, p i. 109, figs. 6, 7, 1884.

Bagg, U . S. Geol. Survey B u ll. 513, p. 88, p i. 26, figs. 16o-c; p i. 28, figs. 7,8,1912.

Cushman, U . S. N a t. Mus. B u ll. 71, p t. 4, p. 23, p i. 17, fig. 3,1914.

Test nearly circular in side view, last-formed w horl consisting of ten or more chambers, only those of the last-formed whorls visible;

periphery broadly rounded, slig h tly lobulated; sutures very slig h tly depressed, broader toward the um bilical region, which is filled w ith clear shell material.

This species is found in the Waccamaw form ation at Cronly, N . C., and in the Caloosahatchee m arl on Shell Creek, Fla. The species is known from the T e rtia ry of Europe and is found at present espe

cially in shallow water of the cooler oceans b u t is less abundant in the Tropics.

Genus PO LY S TO M E LLA Lamarck, 1822.

Polystomella striatopunctata (Fichtel and M o ll) Parker and Jones.

N autilus striatopunctata P ic h te l and M oll, Testacea microscópica, p. 61, p i. 9, figs.

a-c, 1803.

Polystomella striatopunctata (F ic h te l and M o ll) Parker and Jones, Annals and Mag.

N at. I lis t., 3d ser., vol. 5, p. 103, No. C, I860.

Brady, Challenger R ept., Zoology, vol. 9, p. 733, p i. 109, figs. 22. 23,1884.

F lin t, U . S. N at. Mus. A nn . R ept. for 1897, p. 337, p i. 80, fig. 2, 1899.

Cushman, U . S. N at. Mus. B u ll. 71, p t. 4, p. 31, p i. 18, fig. 2, 1914.

Test nautiloid, composed of several coils, the last-formed one w ith about ten chambers, periphery broadly rounded, depressed at the umbilicus; chambers inflated, sutures depressed, septal lines w ith regular bridging; aperture a nearly semicircular, narrow opening.

This species occurs in both the Waccamaw and Caloosahatchee for

mations at all four of the localities described in this paper. I t is a rather common species throughout the T e rtia ry and is very w idely distributed in the present ocean, especially in shallow water.

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20 F O B A M IN IF E E A OF T H E C O A S TA L P L A IN .

Polystomella fimbriatula Cushman, n. sp.

P late V I I I , figure 5.

Test nautiloid, subcircular in side view, the sides nearly parallel, in apertural view, about three times as long as wide, central raised ring standing out distinctly, peripheral m argin angular, carinate;

last-formed coil w ith about twelve chambers, the bridging greater than the intervening space-; umbilicate, the umbilicus surrounded by a raised ridge, which is fim briate; aperture a narrow curved slit.

This species was found to be especially common in the Caloosa- hatchee m arl on Caloosahatchee River, Fla., b u t occurs also in the Caloosahatchee m arl on Shell Creek, Fla., and in the Waccamaw fo r

m ation on Waccamaw R iver, S. C.

Polystomella craticulata (Fichtel and M o ll) D ’Orbigny var.

T li is va rie ty is not typical P. craticulata, differing especially in the number of chambers in the last-formed' coil and in the narrower and less numerous bridgings and also in the less tum id character of the whole test.

This va rie ty was found in the Waccamaw form ation on Waccamaw River, S. C.

Genus A M P H IS T E G IN A D ’Orbigny, 1826.

Amphistegina lessonii D ’Orbigny.

Plate I V , figure 3.

Amphistegina lessonii D ’ Orbigny, Annales sci. nat., vol. 7, p. 304, No. 3, p i. 17, figs.

1-4, 1826; Modèles, No. 98, 1826.

B rady, Challenger Rept., Zoology, vol. 9, p. 740, p i. I l l , figs. 1-7, 1884.

F lin t, U . S. Nat. Mus. A nn . Rept. for 1897, p. 338, p i. 82, fig. 4, 1899.

Cushman, U . S. Nat. Mus. B u ll. 71, pt. 4, p. 35, p i. 19, fig. 2, 1914.

Test lenticular, slig h tly more convex on one side than on the other;

surface smooth except near the aperture, where i t is often somewhat granular, composed of numerous chambers, whorls embracing;

sutures angled, simple on the dorsal side, ve ntra lly divided usually in to two lobes; aperture simple.

This species is known from the T e rtia ry of most parts of the world.

I n the present oceans i t is common in tropical and subtropical waters.

I t was found in the Waccamaw form ation at Cronly, N. C. (a few specimens only) and is common in the Caloosahatchee m arl on Caloo

sahatchee River, Fla.

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Family M IL IO L ID A E .

Genus SP IR O LO C U LIN A D ’Orbigny, 1826.

Spiroloculina excavata D ’Orbigny.

Plate V I , figure 6.

Spiroloculina excavata D ’ Orbigny, Poraminifferes fossiles du bassin te rtia ire de Vienne, p. 271, p i. 16, figs. 19-21, 1846.

Brady, Challenger K ep t., Zoology, vol. 9, p. 151, p i. 9, figs. 5, 6, 1884.

F lin t, U. S. Nat. Mus. A nn. Rept. for 1897, p. 296, p i. 41, fig. 5, 1899.

Test elongate, excavated at the center, broadest near the periphery, about twice as long as wide; chambers numerous, lim bate at the margins; apertural end extended in a tubular neck having a phialine lip ; the aperture often w ith a bifid tooth; surface more or less granular.

This species was found only in the Caloosahatchee m arl on Caloo- sahatchee River, Fla. As a fossil i t is known from the T e rtia ry of Europe, and in the present ocean i t is characteristic of warmer seas and usually shallow water. I t is fa irly common in the shallow water on the shore of the West Indies and Florida.

Spiroloculina antillarum D ’Orbigny.

Spiroloculina antillarum D ’ Orbigny, in De la Sagra, H istoire physique, p o litiq u e e t naturelle de P ile de Cuba, Foram iniftres, p. 166, p i. 9, figs. 3, 4, 1839.

Brady, Challenger Rept., Zoology, vol. 9, p. 155, p i. 10, fig. 21, 1884.

Test elongate, twice as long as broad; chambers subtriangular;

peripheral margin broadly rounded, ornamented b y numerous longitudinal costae; apertural and extended. The costae are distinct and continue from one end to the other of the chambers w ith o ut any trace of branching or anastomosing.

Specimens which seem referable to this species were found in the Caloosahatchee m arl on Caloosahatchee R iver, Fla. D ’Orbigny described the species from specimens obtained in the shore sands of Cuba, and B rady records i t from B razil in the Challenger material.

Spiroloculina reticulosa Cushman, n. sp.

Plate V I, figure 4.

Test large, elliptical, compressed, planospiral, composed of several chambers, somewhat rounded w ith a b lu n tly angled periphery; wall ornamented w ith a reticulation of raised ridges which anastomose freely; apertural end somewhat extended; aperture rounded, w ith a s lig h tly bifid tooth.

This species was found in the Caloosahatchee m arl on Caloosa

hatchee River, Fla.

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22 f o r a m i n i f e r a o f t h e c o a s t a l p l a i n.

Spiroloculina glabrata Cushman, n. sp.

Plate V I , figure 3.

Test small, broadly elliptical, subcircular, very much compressed, planospiral; chambers rather broad; w all entirely smooth; sutures s lig h tly depressed, indistinct except in the later portion.

Type specimen, IT. S. N. M. No. 325313.

Specimens of this species were found in Caloosahatchee m arl on Caloosahatchee River, Fla. I t is a small, very flat, smooth species.

In the figure the raised portions are bits of the m a trix th a t adhered to the surface of the test.

Genus Q U IN Q U E LO C U LIN A D ’Orbigny, 1836.

Quinqueloculina seminulum (Linnaeus) D ’Orbigny.

Plate I , figure 8.

Serpula seminulum Linnaeus, Systema naturae, 12th ed., p. 1264, No. 791, 1767.

Quinqueloculina seminulum (Linnaeus) D ’ O rbigny, Annales sci. nat., vol. 7, p. 303, No. 44, 1826.

Jones, Parker, and Brady, Foram inifera of the Crag, p. 9, p i. 3, figs. 35, 36, 1866.

M ilo lin a seminulum (Linnaeus) W illiam son, Recent Foram inifera of Great B rita in , p. 85, p i. 7, figs. 183-185, 1858.

Brady, Challenger Rept., Zoology, vol. 9, p. 157, p i. 5, fig. 6, 1884.

F lin t, U . S. Nat. Mus. A nn . R ept. for 1897, p. 297, p i. 43, fig. 2, 1899.

Bagg, IT. S. Geol. Survey B u ll. 513, p. 30, p i. 4, fig. 9, 1912.

Test oval, elongate, one and one-half times as long as wide; cham

bers comparatively few; peripheral m argin broadly rounded; apertural end w ith a neck; aperture w ith a single tooth; wall smooth.

This species occurred in three of the four stations from which m aterial was available in the Waccamaw form ation at Crordy, N. C.;

on Waccamaw River, S. C., and in the Caloosahatchee m arl on Shell Creek, Fla. As a fossil this species occurs throughout the T ertiary of Europe, and i t seems to be one of the most common species in the present oceans, especially in shallow water along the A tla n tic coast.

Quinqueloculina agglutinans D ’Orbigny.

Plate V I I , figure 6.

Quinqueloculina agglutinans D ’ O rbigny, in De la Sagra, Ilis to ire physique, p o litiq u e et naturelle de P ile de Cuba, Foraminiferes, p. 195, p i. 12, figs. 11-13, 1839.

M ilio lin a agglutinans (D ’ O rbigny) B rady, Challenger R ept., Zoology, vol. 9, p. 180, p i. 8, figs. 6J 7, 1884.

F lin t, U . S. N at. Mus. A nn. Rept. for 1897, p. 301, p i. 47, fig. 2, 1899.

Test oval, subtriangular in end view, periphery rounded; wall composed of sand grains, rough; apertural end occasionally somewhat extended; aperture w ith a b ifid tooth.

In the m aterial on which the present paper is based this species occurred only in the Caloosahatchee m arl on Caloosahatchee River,

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Fla. This specimen is here figured. I t does not seem to be w idely known as a fossil except in the later T ertiary. In the present oceans it is w idely distributed and is characteristic of shallow water, espe

cia lly among the coral sands of tropical shores.

Quinqueloculina venusta Karrer.

Quinqueloculina venusta K arrer, K . A kad. Wiss. W ien Sitzungsber. vol. 57, p. 147, p i. 2, fig. 6, 1868.

M ilio lin a venusta (K arrer) B rady, Challenger Rept., Zoology, vol. !), p. 162, p i. 5, figs. 5, 7, 1884.

Bagg, U. S. Geol. Survey B u ll. 513, p. 32, p i. 6, fig. 2, 1912.

Test much elongate, two and a half times as long as broad, aper- tu ra l end narrow, other end broadly rounded; w all smooth; sutures distinct, somewhat depressed; apertural end somewhat extended, truncate; aperture circular, w ith a bifid tooth.

This species occurs in the Caloosahatchee m arl on Caloosahatch.ee River, Fla. The specimen does not seem to be typical of this species as figured b y several authors, though it has the characteristic tru n cate apertural end and the angular chambers.

Quinqueloculina auberiana D ’Orbigny.

Plate V , figure 3.

Quinqueloculina auberiana D ’O rbigny, in De la Sagra, H istoire physique, p o litiq u e et naturelle de P ile de Cuba, Foraminifbres, p. 167, p i. 12, figs. 1-3, 1839.

M ilio lin a auberiana (D ’ O rbigny) B rady, Challenger R ept., Zoology, vol. 9, p. 162, p i. 5, figs. 8, 9, 1S84.

Bagg, U. S. Geol. Survey B u ll. 513, p. 26, p i. 4, fig. 2; p i. 6, fig. 6, 1912.

Test oval, subtriangular in end view, chambers smooth, sharply angled, apertural end slig h tly extended; aperture circular w ith a bifid tooth; w all smooth.

This species was found in the Caloosahatchee marl, both on Shell Creek and on Caloosahatchee River, Fla. I t was described by D ’Orbigny from specimens found in shell sand on the coast of Cuba.

Quinqueloculina bidentata D ’Orbigny.

Quinqueloculina bidentata D ’ O rbigny, in De la Sagra, H istoire physique, p o litiq u e et naturelle de P ile de Cuba, Foraminiferes, p. 197, p i. 12, figs. 18-20, 1839.

Test elongate, twice as long as broad, subtriangular in end view;

chambers distinct, angled; peripheral border broadly rounded;

sutures distinct, depressed; apertural end slig h tly extended; other end broadly rounded; aperture circular, typ ica lly w ith a bidentate tooth; surface granular, rugose.

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24 F O R A M IN IF E R A OF T H E C O A S TA L P L A IN .

This species was found in some numbers in the Caloosahatchee m arl on Caloosahatchee River, Fla. I t is described b y D ’Orbigny from specimens collected in shore sands, Cuba.

Quinqueloculina poeyana D ’Orbigny.

Quinqueloculina poeyana D ’O rbigny, in De la Sagra, H istoire physique, p o litiq u e et naturelle de P ile de Cuba, Foraminiferes, p. 191, p i. 11, figs. 25-27, 1839.

Test elongate, two and a half times as long as broad; chambers rounded, distinct, surface ornamented w ith numerous raised costae, running the entire length of the test; apertural end not extended;

aperture w ith a single tooth.

This species occurs in the Caloosahatchee m arl on Caloosahatchee River, Fla. I t was described b y D ’O rbigny from specimens obtained in the shore sands of Cuba.

Quinqueloculina sp.?

Plate I, figure 7.

A single specimen of Quinqueloculina from the Waccamaw form a

tion at Cronly, N. C., has somewhat the shape of Q. seminulum, which also was found there, but has indications of fa in t striae on the sur

face. I t is somewhat worn and its id e n tity is questionable.

Genus T R IL O C U L IN A D ’Orbigny, 1826.

Triloculina Iinnaeana D ’Orbigny.

T riloculina Iinnaeana D ’ O rbigny, in De la Sagra, H istoire physique, p o litiq u e et naturelle de P ile de Cuba, Foraminiferes, p. 153, p i. 9, figs. 11-13, 1839.

M ilio lin a Iinnaeana (D ’ O rbigny) B rady, Challenger R ept., Zoology, vol. 9, p. 174, p i. 6, figs. 15-20, 1884.

F lin t, U. S. Nat. Mus. A nn . R ept. for 1897, p. 300, p i. 46, fig. 3(?), 1899.

Bagg, U. S. Geol. Survey B u ll. 513, p. 28, p i. 3, figs. 8, 9, 1912.

Test elongate, oval, subtriangular in end view; three chambers visible from the exterior, angled; surface ornamentation consisting of numerous longitudinal costae, usually anastomosing; apertural end slightly extended; aperture elliptical, w ith a definite lip and a slightly b ifid tooth.

Specimens of this species were found in the Caloosahatchee m arl on Caloosahatchee River, Fla. The species was described from specimens found in the shore sands of Cuba and is a characteristic recent foram inifer in shallow water about tropical coral islands.

There seems to be much confusion in regard to this species. The original figures of D ’Orbigny show a typ ica l triloculine test w ith dis

tin c t longitudinal raised costae, the apertural end extended, chambers

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rounded in apertural view. Some of the recent figure? of specimens under this name show a very few coarse ridges w ith flattened cham

bers very unlike those of the form figured by D ’Orbigny. The specimen here figured in end view is more angled than the typical figure of D ’Orbigny and has more numerous costae. In this respect i t is more like T. bicornis W alker and Jacob.

Genus B ILO C U LIN A D ’Orbigny, 1826.

Biloculina laevis (Defrance) D ’Orbigny.

Plate V I I , figures 3, 4.

Pyrgo laevis Defrance, D ictionn aire des sciences naturelles, vol. 32, p. 273; atlas, pi.

88, fig. 2, 1824.

B iloculina laevis (Defrance) D ’ O rbigny, Annales sci. nat., vol. 7, p. 298, No. 8, 1826.

B rady, Challenger R ept., Zoology, vol. 9, p. 146, p i. 2, fig. 14, 1884.

Test oval in fro n t view, nearly circular in end view, smooth, bi- carinate; apertural end somewhat extended, aperture elongate later

ally, tooth broad, base often somewhat roughened.

This species was found in Caloosahatchee m arl from Caloosa- hatchee River, Fla. I t occurs as a fossil in the T e rtia ry of Europe.

Genus VEKTE B R A LIN A D ’Orbigny, 1826.

Vertebralina cassis. D ’Orbigny.

Vertehralina cassis D ’ O rbigny, in De la Sagra, H isto ire physique, p o litiq u e et natu- relle de l ’ile de Cuba, Foraminiferfes, p. 51, p i. 7, figs. 14, 15, 1839.

Vertehralina conico-articulata Goes, in pa rt [not Batsch], K . svenska V et.-A kad.

H andl., vol. 19, No. 4, p. 121, p i. 9, figs. 311-316[?j, 1882.

Test compressed, planospiral, sub triangular; wall ornamented by longitudinal raised costae, w ith a wide peripheral keel; aperture an elongate s lit w ith a definite raised border; later chambers becoming uniserial.

D ’Orbigny described this species from specimens obtained in the shore sands of Cuba, and Goes has figured specimens from the Carib

bean Sea th a t are somewhat sim ilar to those here described. These specimens, which were found in the Caloosahatchee m arl on Caloosa

hatchee R iver, Fla., seem to be identical w ith th a t described by D ’Orbigny. Many of the early chambers are nearly smooth, lik e those figured by Goes.

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26 F O R A M IN IF E R A OF T H E CO AS TA L P L A IN .

Genus H A U E R IN A D ’Orbigny, 1848.

Hauerina ornatissima (Karrer) Brady(?).

Quinqueloculina ornatissima Karrer, K . Akad. Wiss. W ien Sitzungsber. vol. 58, p.

151, p i. 3, fig. 2, 1868.

Hauerina ornatissima (K arrer) Brady, Challenger Rept., Zoology, vol. 9, p. 192, p i. 7, figs. 15-22, 1884.

Test oval, compressed, early portion quinqueloculine, later piano- spiral, peripheral margin subacute, surface of later chambers w ith transverse crenulations, last-formed chamber smooth; aperture con

sisting of a series of sievelike pores.

A single specimen of this species was obtained from the Caloosa- hatchee m arl of Caloosahatehee River, Fla. The specimen is' not characteristic and lacks certain of the features of typical recent specimens of the species.

Hauerina ornatissima is ty p ic a lly a coral-reef species.

Genus P E N E R O P LIS Montfort, 1808.

Peneroplis pertusus (ForskiVI) Jones, Parker, and Brady.

N a utilus pertusus Forskal, Descriptiones anim alium , p. 125, No. 65, 1775.

Peneroplis pertusus (Forsk&l) Jones, Parker, and Brady, Foram inifera of th e Crag, p. 19, 1865.

Brady, Challenger R ept., Zoology, vol. 9, p. 204, p i. 13, figs. 12-25, 1884.

F lin t, U . S. Nat. Mus. A nn. Rept. for 1897, p. 304, p i. 48, fig. 4, 1899.

Test flattened, loosely coiled, planospiral, consisting of about three coils; chambers numerous, ra p id ly increasing in length, much varied in the relative amount of their overlapping, chambers dis

tin c t; sutures somewhat depressed, chambers simple, aperture com

posed of a number of pores.

The only m aterial in which this occurred was the Caloosahatehee m arl from Caloosahatehee R iver, Fla. As a fossil i t is apparently lim ited to T e rtia ry beds. In the present oceans i t is w idely distributed and is one of the commonest species, especially in the shallow water about tropical shores.

Peneroplis pertusus (Forsk&l) var. discoideus Flint.

Peneroplis pertusus (Forskal) var. discoideus F lin t, U . S. Nat. Mus. A nn. Rept. for 1897, p. 304, pi. 49, fig. 1, 1899.

Test sim ilar to the type but the chambers early becoming annular, form ing a circular, disklike test sim ilar to Orbitolites simplex but w ith no trace of divisions in the chambers.

F lin t’s description of this variety was based on specimens from K ey West Harbor, Fla., in shallow w a te r., I t was found as a fossil in the Caloosahatehee m arl of Caloosahatehee River, Fla.

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Genus O RBICU LINA Lamarck, 1816.

Orbiculina adunca (Fichtel and M o ll) Lamarck.

N a utilus aduncus F ic h te l and M oll, Testacea microscópica, p. 115, p l. 23, 1803.

Orbiculina adunca (F ic h te l and M oll) Lam arck, Tableau encyclopédique et m étho

dique, p l. 468, fig. 2, 1816.

Brady, Challenger R ept., Zoology, vol. 9, p. 209, p l. 14, figs. 1-13, 1884.

F lin t, U . S. Nat. Mus. A nn. Rept. for 1897, p. 304, p l. 50, fig. 1, 1899.

Test flattened, planospiral, coiled; chambers numerous, increas

ing in length u n til in the later-formed portion they become annular;

sutures d istinct; chambers divided into chamberlets; aperture con

sisting of numerous pores; surface smooth.

This species occurred in some numbers in the Caloosahatchee m arl of Caloosahatchee R iver, Fla. As a fossil i t is known from the Tertiary, especially the later portion, and i t is very common in the present oceans, being characteristic of shallow water, especially in tropical regions. In the West Indies and along the Florida coast this is probably the most abundant foram inifer of the coral-reef tracts

Genus O R B IT O L ITE S Lamarck, 1801.

Orbilolites marginalis (Lamarck) Carpenter.

Orbitolites marginalis Lam arck, H isto ire naturelle des anim aux sans vertèbres, vol. 2, p. 196, No. 1, 1816.

Orbitolites m arginalis (Lam arck) Carpenter, Philos. Trans., 1856, p. 192, p l. 9, figs. 1-4.

B rady, Challenger R ept., Zoology, vol. 9, p. 214, p l. 15, figs. 1-5, 1884.

F lin t, U . S. Nat. Mus. A nn . R ept. for 1897, p. 304, p l. 50, fig. 2; p l. 51, fig. 1, 1899.

O rbiculina (Orbitolites) complanata, W illiam son, London M ic r. Soc. Trans., 1st ser., vol. 3, p. 115, p l. 17, fig. 8; p l. 18, figs. 9, 10, 1851.

Test complánate, much flattened; chambers very numerous, early ones spirally arranged, later becoming elongate and fin a lly annular, the later ones regularly divided into chamberlets; sutures distinct;

aperture a single row of circular pores along the peripheral margin;

w all smooth, translucent.

This species occurs in the Caloosahatchee m arl of Caloosahatchee R iver, Fla. The species seems to be almost entirely a recent one. I t is characteristic of the calcareous sands of warm, shallow waters.

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