Fluid Momentum in Ship Hydromechanics

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DeIft University of Technology

Fluid Momentum in Ship

Hydrodynamics

W. Beukehnan

Report 1207-P Oktober 1999

Transactions of the Third International Conference in Commemoration of the 300-1h Anniversary of Creating Russian Fleet by Peter The Great, 3 - 9 June 1996, St. Petersburg, Russia, Volume 2, ISBN 5-88303-071-8

1'I.J Deift

Faculty of Mechanical Engineering and Marine Technology Ship Hydromechanics Laboratory

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-q-I S s

.

i ransactions of the Third International Conference.

r

-«39June199

T.

St.Petersburg State Marine Technical University

of the 300-th Aflnlversary of Creating Russian Fleet

in Commemoration

by Peter the -Creat

CRF-96

Volume 2

-f.---s

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SLPeterùtg:Staté Matui TeducaI University

CRF96

Transactions of

the Third

International Conference

in Commemoration

of the 300-4h Anniversary of Creating Russian FVce by

Peter the Great

3-9 June 1996

Volume 2

s

Ru

(4)

ISBN 5-88303-0714

_{o CI6FMTy}

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Regular Russian met (la l.

"Peter the Great" Medal

Statute of the Memorial JubileeMedel."Peter theGreat" 17 Laureates of "Peter the Great" Me4al 17 Results and Prospects of In rnatloaal Co-operatIon la the Sphere of

Miu1ìe Education, Shipbuilding aQd Shipping

VOLUME I

ReportL 24

R.V.Thompsoa Safety and Marine Transport

V.A.Postoov Scientific and Engineering Societyof Shipbullders Named after Academician A.N.Krylov (in Russian)

Symposium "History of Shipbuilding

and Fket"

...

Section 1 "General Aspects of History of Fleet"

R.C.Whitien Admiral of the Fleet of the Soviet Union Sergei G. Gorshkov

and the Rise of Soviet Sea Power

F. 9dilec Baltic: the Worldwide Maritime Heritage of an Inner EuropeanSea M. Coleman Russit and America: Balancing the Account Books from tnore than

a Century of MaritimeTrade

RC. Whitten A Civilian Organization for the SupportolAmmican

Maritime interests

V. von Wireo-Garzynskl The White Movement under theAndrew Flag 192C-24

(in Russian)

LF. Tsvetkov Polar Epic ofAdmiral Kolchak (in Rus

(6)

&P. Rndaya Creation of Medical and Sanitation Service in the_{Russian Fleet} (In Russian)

147

V.D.Doceno, St'Petersburg - the Marine Capital of Russia (in Russian) ₁₅₆ Sectlou 2 "History of Sb

_pbdhig"

161 F.M.Walker The Russian Imperial Yacht "Livadia"

161

L.LAmfilokhie,, _{W.B.AmlIJoki.je,, V.M.Ggeeapr}

L.Eùler - to the Fleet

(In RussIan)

167

EV.Kutcheryuju,, Formation,_{of the Russian}

Shipbujldjn g School

(In Russian)

176

E.A.Mboy, W.LAmflIokkIy, K.M.Maz _StreamIine _{of the Ships} of the Peter's Fleet (In Russian)

ISI

N.P.Mazaev, E.V.Kutc&70,,

_{W.B.Amfdokv influence}

of Peculiuftjes

of the Section-Area

_{DItjbtjo of Historic}

Ships on the Friction Resistance (in Russian)

lu

A.A.Pugatcbey,

_{S.A.TCI*aIOY Some Aspects} _{of the History}

of Submarine.creating(jn _Russian)

195

V.1. Alexandro,, M.K. Glozman Investment of Admiralty_{Shipyard to Creation} and Development of Russian Underwater Navy (In Russian)

204 V. Yu.LeIzeni

Development of Shipbuilding Technology on the Russian Shipyards

Section 3 "HIstory of Marine Weapons"

20$

A.I.Nlkiforoy, S.G.Proshkji, A.G.Roysrsky History of Mine Weapons Development in the Russian Navy (in Russian)

20$

SS.Kolobk0i, stages of Develòpment of Mine and Contra-Mine _Wèapons

(In Russi an)

n._...

_I

EJ4.Muev, _{V.T.Tcbemoàrg, On the}

Scientific Provision of the Problem

on Submarj' BallistIc

Rockets- Launch by the Scientists of -the Navy_Academy

(in Russian)

V.E.FedOrO, Development _{of Optic Means of Observe In- the Russian}

Flee

Çm

Russian)-233

SectIo. 4 "HIstory_{of Marie Education"}

G.G.Brouev1(al&yAIral_{S.Makarov's Marine Teaching (In Russian)}

...,,..,,,.,.,,,j«

N.N.MaIo, Navy_{Education In Russia}

In 300 years- (in Ru _an) _{.. ...}

.249

LV. K.zyr Samples_{of the 4avy}

(7)

J

V.V. Kozyr Literature Premium Named after theCöunt S.A.Stroganov'

in theRussian Navy (in Russian)

M.A.Mikhiilov, IN .Raranova, A.V.Starkov Information System _{Rusian fleet}

in the Russian-Jupancse War ('in _RussIan)

273

M.LLîhkrry Role of Joseph Conrad in t he I listoriography of Shipbuilding

and. Navigatn

276

Symposium "Marine Ecology"

288

A.V.Aîaflasyev Economic and licological Aspects of Fluid Cavita ion Treatment

in Ships Power Engineering (in Russian)

288

V SI .Drovoseko,, T.N .Shastilov*,._{S.O.G rigórieva, AB. Kambsirova}

Prospects of Sanatorium Improvement on the Baltic Sea Shore (in Russian) ₂₉₃

M.L. Zaferman On Importance_{of Underwúter Vehicles for Preservation} of OcÑn Bklogical Resourses

297

L.S.Keiser, V.N.'Psbeniú Engineering Aspects of Sea Fleet Ecological

Improvement (in Russian) _.305

S.LKrolenko Hydroecological Safety During Tim ber-Cargo Transportation (in Russian)

.316 R.R.Mikbailenko'Ecological Estimation of the Influence of the Dike Complex

(in Russian)

.321

V.LRe,bayak Fuel-Aqueous Emulsions: _{New Theoretical Aspects of Applicatiòn}

(in Russian)

.332

M.A.Spiridono, A.E.Rybalko Marine _{Geoccology as a New Trend}

of Invest igatións (in Russián)

.339

V.A.Radaik Geoactive Zones as a Generator of Planet Emergencies and Disasters (in Russian)

345 V.A.R.ÜIC, E.K.Meliaiko, Geoact_{ive Zones and their Influence}_{on Human}

Health and State (in Russian)

Sympiuiu Underwater Dynamic

Objects"

_...3

V.N.Pyler Underwater Technical Means_{for World Ocean Research}

and Development (in Russian) _.369

A.V.Avri.sky On' the New Views and Investigations _{in Acoustics.} Ym.AJ.ziaao, Resistant io pressure_{Electromeéhanicaj Drive}

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for Underwater Facilities (in Russian) 390

V.M.Cairilov Control. Algorithms of Research AU VsDrifting on Pre-Set Depths 398

Yai.Zhukov, M.A.Komaro, The Questions of Constructing Expert System for

Training a User of Navigating-Manager Complex of Mobile Objects (in Russian) 410

YS.Klapaev, Y.P.Ogurtaov, A.K.Filinioaov Portable Echo Sounder

with Discrete Indication (in Russian) 416

L.N.LisbnIn, Y.M.Kraaaykla, VJ.Sauniko, Characteristic Equations and Software for Investigations of Underwater Vehicles Transport

and Energy Characteristics (-in J.ussian) ₄₂₄

Sympsi

"Marine Artificial 1nteIligçnce Systems

437 VL.Alexandrov1 D.M .Rostovtsev, A.P.M atIakh, YULNechaev, V.LPólakov

The intelligence System of Analysis and 'Predictiön of Tankers Seaworthiness ₄₃₇

V.EBattrhevicb, D.V.h'anov Consulting Expert System with Fuy LogIc ₄₄₃

VI.Bors1ievIch, W.L.OkinIk, V.Y.Sidorenco

A Methodof Jnteal Estimation

of the State ot Complex Systems by L-fuz7y Sets Approach ₄₄₉ V.Bertrani On the Feasibility of Fully-Automatic Ship Operation ₄₅₃ A.V.Boukhacovaky, A.LDegtyarev The Instrumental TÒOI of Wave Generation

Modelling in Ship-Borne Intelligence Systems ₄₆₄

S.A.Duboik9 Yi0LNechae, Algorithm of StabUity AnalysIs Based on

the Method ofFunctional Actioñ_{on the Ship-Borne InteLligence Systems}

In Real Time Scale ₄₇₀

A.I.Ga&ovlcb Using o Methods of Artjficial intelligence for the Decision of

a Problem of a General Arrangement of a Vessel ₄₇₃

T.A.Gavrilova Human-Centered Approach toComputer..AIded Knowledge

Engineering _e..

_4O

Yu.LNechae, Ship-Born Intelligence Systems: Conception and the Special Features of Information, Calculation and Measuring Technology

V.D.Roiaaova, B.E.Fedoov, N.D.iune4c Computer-Aided

_{implementation}

of the "Duel" AirborneOperationally Consulting _{Expert System}

investigative Prototype

A.V.Rudiaidd The Usage of Artificial Neuronal Nets for the Decision of

a Mukiaflernative Patterns Recognition ₅₀₇

(9)

Yu;LSlek Design of intelligent Control Systems of Underwater

Dynamic. Objects _.515

S.V.Sututo,S.V.Yegorov A Submarine Manoeuvring Simulator as Tool

for Expert and Integrated Control Systems

_sis

D.À.Vasunin The Intelligence System Choice of Angle Course and Ship's

Speed in Storm Conditions

. .540

M.A.ZenkIn, Au.A.Zenldn Intelligent Control Systems based on Cognitive

Computer Graphics . . . .543 LIt of Padicipants . 556 VOLUME 2 Repod . 24

Seminar "Problems of ships' operation" ₂₄

V.K.Trounin Problems of Ships Operation ₂₄

A.A.Loukovnikov New Requirements of 1MO, LACS and Russian Maritime

Register of Shipping ₂₇

SS.Kochyi Register of Shipping Activities in Discharge of the ISMC Regulations

(in Russian) _.30

A.I.Toporkov New Requirements of'Safety of Marine Cargo Transportation

(in Russian) _.32

R.L.Reiner Practice and Applitation Prospects of the _{Procedure for Sea-going}

Ships Hull Renovation _.33

G.V.ßavykln, V.K.Trounin Training Marine Surveyorsin Russia .35 M.A.kouteynikov, V.S.Lipls On the. Methodology of Assignment Operation.

Restrictions for Ships Considering Their Seagoing Possibilities _{in the Rules of}

the Russian Maritime Register of'Shipping (in Russian) _..39 G.V.Yegorov System Providing Safe Exploitation of Bulk Camera'

Hulls ('in Russian) .

H.van Keimpema, J.Piukster Computer Aided Instructions _{(CAl) Program for}

Load Line Msignmcnt (frboard) Calculatlons...,..,,,,,

(10)

Symposium "Ship design and production"

Ø,Vjzarenkov, A.S.Roganov, V.F.Sokol, Provision ofAcurucy ofShips'

Hulls Shape during their Making up on the Formation Place (in Russian) 71

AJ.Voytkunakaya, A.R.Tin,asbev Classification Algorithm for Safety Supply

of a Damaged Ship (in Russian) _7g

LA. Kulik Cartes Algebra Applying in Knowledge Hase of _{Intelligence Systems}

(in Russian) ₈₇

N.V.ÄIehin, V.S.Taradonoy, L.P. Volkoy, D.L1 oITe, A.P. Yegorov,

V.Flubakhin, V.E.Meslicberyako,, Ytt.V.Polyakov _{Manoeuveri n g Test s}

ola Vessel Equipped with Rotor-Rudders (in Russian) ₉₆ V.V.Vasltieva, S.V.Shkadova The Internal Waves and their Influence on

Moving Body's Hydrodynamics ₁₁₀

G. Goryuusky On a Propeller Operaiïon 'in _{a Closed-Tube Modelling} ₁₁₇

V.LJinkine 'Hydromechanic Problems of SeagoingTug Barge Systems 124

VS. Taraoaov BetzZhukovski Coefficient and Theory of an Ideal Wind

Turbine with Horizontal and Vertical AxeS'(in Russian) ₁₂₇ A.V.Boukha.ovsky, LJ.Lop*toukbla Statistical Estimation of Extreme Waves

IñSiorm ₁₄₂

E.G.Novk'o, Calculation Method for Multislit Chanal of Hydrojet Propulsor

(In Russian) _14$

V. Iertram Economical Aspects oliumbo Container Vessels ₁₅₁

AS.Portaoy Application of System Approach for Offshore Technical

Complex Design ₁₅₈

Y.Yoshlda The Opilmall Setting of a Planing Craft's Chine Une. ₁₆₄ H.Keiniag, J.PIkster Design Optimisation of a Fast Monohuft _LIS J.Llatewaik, 1.S.Polip*aov Upgrading the Performance of Marine Propulsion

Plants of Ships Built in the 1980's ₁₈₆

YLV.Goloyeshkln N.LTszhikovm Influence of Mechanic-Corrosion Exploitation Factors on the Hull Crack Stability (in Russian)

Symposium "Ship Hydrodynamics and

_Dynamics" ₂₀₃

(11)

Vi. AJe%andro!, M.K. CIozma, Li. Vwrnevsky Propellers with Shifted

Blade Connection as Means ofDecreasing of Vibration and Improving

olTbe ServiceQuality ofThe Transport Ships 221

.W.B. Amfilokhyev, BA. B*rbauel, N.P. Mazaye'va The Optimization of Slot

Injection of Polymer Solutions for the Flat Plate. 230

L.S. Artjushkov, W.B. Ainphilokhie'r Similarity Criteria for Turbulent Flow

of Dilute Polymer Solutions in Pipes and Problem of Drag Reduction Scale-Up.._ 237

V.L.Belèaky, S.V.Mordachev On Capsizing Probability of a Ship Due to

Breaking Waves Action 247

Bertram Past, Present and Future in Ship Hydrodynamics 259

Beukeknau Fluid Momentum in Ship Hydrodynamics 268

S.D.Bogatyrev, O.D.Shisbkina, V.Y.Vasilleva Experimental Investigation of Opportunity of Internal Waves Inducing by Drifting, Iceberg... A.VBoukbanovsky,.A.B. Degtysrev Nonlinear Stochastic Ship Motion Stability

in Different Wave Regimes 296

l.N.Dmitrieva, V.V.Mxhnov, LS. Nwher Interaction Effects between a Set

of Floating Bodies and Waves 301

Fronov, LA. Barbanel Development of Large-Scale Surfacing Models 1Tuna"

for the Research cf Boundary Layer Control Methods .322

ASh.Gotmaa The Comparative Criterion in Deciding on the Ship Hull Form

with Least Wave Resistan .332

V.M.Greenpresa, E.PLebedev Thruster Controllable Pitch Propeller BladeOutline 344

S.Gcnia Simulation Method of Ship Parameters Optimization 346

U.V.Guriev Numerical Simulation of BodyFluid Interactions. Basic Cöncepts,

Models and Tools, Applications. ... ... J.Hajduk The Application of Ship Handling Simulators for Training

ofManoeuvring.

...

L.K.Kobyliaki, J.NowlckiProspects of Training Ship Masters and Pilots

on Physical Manceuvring Simulators 368

A. M.Kracbt Resistance and Propulsion Tests with Systematically Variód

Model Series. The A-, B, C-and D-Series. 379

RG.Latone High Speed Cavitation Tunnel Project for Waterjet/Prupell«

Research. Initial Design and D Study

...

(12)

LJ.Lopatoukhla, V.A.Ròthkoy, _{A.V.Boukhanovsky,} _{A.B.Degtysrev}

Stochastic Simulation of the Wind Wave Climate 422

A.G.Lyakhovftsky Influence of The Ship Hydrodynamics on Development

of the High-Speed Vessels of the Transient-Regime_{of Motion} ₄₃₂ S.V.Mordadiev, A.V.Feldntsn On Calculation of a Probability of Assumed

Situation Realization ₄₄₂

YuJ.Necbaev Problem of'Uncertainty in Hydrodynamic Experiment Planning 453

J.A.Pinkster, LN.Dmitrieva Numerical Investigations of a Hydrodynamic

Interaction between Two Floating Structures in Waves 457

A. Ponomarev, V. Tito,, A. Baganin, V. Bochagov, V. Sidorov _{Application of}

a Complex of Automatically Controlled Interceptors for Improvement

of Propulsive, Seakeeping and Maneuvering Characteristics of High-Speed C aft 479

V.P.Sokolov, S.VSutulo Study of the Seakeeping of a Fast Displacement

Catamaran Equipped With Above-Water Bow Antipitching Fins 487

S.V.Sutulo Computer Simulation of Three-Dimensional _{Manoeuvering Motion}

of a SWATH Ship ₅₁₅

V.V.VaslIieva, A.! Shkadov, T.Nlkolayeva Thin Pycnocline_Hydrodynamic

influence on a Body in Fluid of Finite Depth ₅₂₈

(13)

ORGANISERS

- St. Petersburg. State Marine Technical University under the support of

UNESCO, "Admiralty Shipyards" State Enterprise, Russian Maritime Register of Shipping, Krylov Research and Scientific Society.

Address: MTU, 3 Lotsinanskaya Str., St.Petersburg, 190008, Russia

Phone: (812> 1140761, Fax.(8l.2 1138109 Edited by Dr. Alexander B. Degtyarev Mr. Evgenyi V. Labzin Dr. Serge V. Sutulo Dr. Vasily K. Trounin

(14)

iNTERNATIONAL COMM ['ITEE

Chairman Prof. D. Rostoitsey - Rector of the MTU, Russia

Dr. V. Alexaadrov - Director General of Admiralty Shipyard State Enterprise, Russia

Prof. A. Badran - UNESCO Deputy Director, France

Rear-Admiral F. Bellec - Director of the Paris Maritime Museum, France Prof. S. Kaatner - Professor at Bremen Techñical Higher School, Germany Prof. L. Kobyliáakl - President of the Board of the Foundation for Safety of

Navigation and Marine Environment Protection, Poland Prof N. Mars - Chairman of the European Co-ordinating Committee for

Artificial Iñtelligence, University of Twente, Enschede, The Netherlands

Mr. N.,, Reshetov - Director General of the Russian Maritime Register oíShipping, Russia

Prof. L. Perez Rojas Director of the Department in the Madrid Institute of

Naval Engineers, Spain

Prof. H. Södlag - Professor at the Institüte of Shipbuilding of Hamburg

University, Germany

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GREETINGS TO PARTICIPANTS

OF THE ThIR iNTERNATIONAL

_CONFERENCE

"300 YEARS OF RUSSIAN

_{FLEET" (CRF..96)}

Dear participants of the Conference, ladies_{and gentlemen!}

On behalf of the organisers I am glad to welcome you to the Third final

International Ci;nference 1*300 Years of Russian _Fleet".

We are. assembled here in the city founded by the distinguished reformer of Russlaj, creator of the Russian Fleet Peter _{the Great in the year of the} glori-ous jubilee.

Peter's time witnessed remarkablé achievements, brilliant military victo-ries, promoted the national self-consciousness enforcement and Russia entering the European community.

History of the Russian Fleet is versatile and instructive. It is filled with examples of courage and heroism of the _{seamen, talent and high skill of} ship-builders, scientists and inventors.

The present stage of development of Russia and its fleet in particulär has much in common with the Peter's epoch. _{Following the traditions of the} _great reformer, we arrived to this forum to underline again our aim. at co-operation, good will and consolidation of efforts ¡n development of science and practice of shipbuilding and operation.

I wish all the participants fruitful discussions and contacts, good

im-pressions of staying inSt. Petersburg.

Chairman of the International Committee

Rector of MTU, Professor _{D.M. Rostovtsev}

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"PETER THE GREAT" MEDAL

STATUTE OF THE MEMORIAL JUBILEE MEDAL.

"PETER THE GREAT"

The medal "Peter the Great" was established by the Internationäl Working.

Group recommendations in. 1991. It is given by. the International" Association "Petronauka" (Petroscience) founded by St.Petersburg State Marine Technical

University to all those who had make a considerable contribution to the

development and, support of the ship science and technology and for teaching

marine specialists.

The International Jury l organised for considering proposals of candidates. The awarding with. the medal and Certificate takes place openly closely to the bthhlay of Peter the Great on May 30 (June 9, the New style).

LAUREATES OF "PETER THE GREAT" MEDAL

1992

Dr.-Eug. W.BLENDERMAN Institut furSchliThau der Universitat Hamburg, Germany

Prof. A.N.KHOLODILIN St.Petersburg State Marine Technical University, Russia

Prof. L.LKOBYLINSKI Technical University ofGdanak, Poland Prof. D.MROSTOVTSEV Rector of St.Petersburg State Marine

Technical. Unlversity. Russia

Mr. A.V.RUTSKOY Vice-President of Russia

Mm. V.E.SELIVANOY Captain of LeningradNaval Base, Russia

Arvbpriest VLADIM1R.'SOROKI . Orthodox Theological Academy and

Seminasy, Sr.Petersburg, Russia

(17)

.

Eng. F.M.WALKER National Maritime Museum, Greenwich, UK lO.Prof. V. von WIREN-GARZYNSKI City University 0f New York, _USA

1993

î. Dr. J.BAKKER Director, Scheepvaartmuseum, the Netherlands Mr. I.A.BYKHOVSKI Captain of the ist rank (ret.), Russia Prof. D.FAULKNER University of G1asgo UK

Adm. LV.KASSATONOV, Russia

Mrs. N.V.KOLYAZINA Director,, the Menshikov Palace Museum, St.Petersburg. Russia

Mr. A.P.KOROLEV Director General, Central Marine Design Bureau "Almaz", St.Petersburg, Russia

Prof. S.N.KOVALEV Designer General, Central Design Bureau for Marine Engineering "Rubin", St.Petersburg, Russia

'Mr. F.MÁYOR Director-General, UNESCO

Dr. B.V.PLISSOV St.Petersburg State Marine Technical University, Russia lO.Prof. Y.I.VOITKOUNSKJ St.Petersburg State Marine Technical

University, Russia.

1994

i. Dr. V.AIALEXANDROV Director Geiieral of the "Admiralty Shipyards" State Enterprise, Russia

Mrs. N.L.DEMENTYEVA Director of the museum

"Peter and Paul Fortress", St.Petersburg, Russia Mr. Y.M.GUTKIN State Design Institute "Sojuzproektverf',

St.Petersburg, Russia

Prof. 'S.KASTNER Hochschule Bremen, Germany

Prof. A.G.KURZON St.Pctersburg State Marine Technical University,

Russia

Rear Adia. N.N.MALOV St.Petersburg, Russia

Prof. 'N.P.MURU Naval Engineering High School, St.Petersburg, Russia

Prof. V.A.POSTNOV St.Petersburg State Marine Technical University, Russia

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9. Dr. V.LTROUNIN River Ship Design Centre mc, St.Petersburg, Russia 1O.MrJ.F.TSVEOV Institute of the History of Science and Technology,

St.Petersburg, Russia.

1995

1:. Prof. N.V.ALESH1N St.Petersburg State Marine Technical University,

Russia

2 P of. V.D.DOCENKO Naval Academy, St.Petersburg, Russia,

4dm. _{V.V.GRISHANOV Captain of the Leningrad Naval Base, Russia} Mrs. N.A.KISELEVA St.Petersburg, State MarineTechnical University,

Russia

S. Mr. E.V.LABSIN St.Petersburg State Marine Technical University, Russia

Mr. Ñ.A.RESHETOV Head of the Baltic Inspectorate of the Russian

Maritime Register of Shipping St.Petersburg, Russia Prof. E.N.ROSENWASSER St.Petersburg State Marine Technical

University, Russia

Prof. DE. SLOGET Academic secretary at the Institute Of Marine Engineers, UK

Prof. A.V.YALOVENKO Rector of the State Maritime Academy, St.Petersburg, Russia

ÏO.Prof. V.E.YUKHNIN Head and General Designer, SevernoyeDesign

Bureau, St.Petersburg, Russia

'6

1996

I.. Mrs. L.YU.BAGREYEVA Secretary ofKrylov Research and Scientific. Society, St.Petersburg, Russia

Prof. W.BEUKELMM4 Deift University of Technology The Netherlands Mr. G.A.CHERKASH1N Marine writer, St.Petersburg, Russia

AcaL A.N.CHILINGAROV Vice.Speaker of the Russian Duma

Mrs. M.COLEMAN 'Director of Russian-American cultural centre, USA Mr. A.V.KOUTEYNIKOY General Designer and Director of Marine

Engineering Bureau "Malakhit", St.Petersburg,

(19)

7. Mr.V.Â.LÂVN

O Director General of Nikolaev Shipyard named after "6:1 Cömmunars", Ukraine

L Prof. VD.MATSKIEWICZ St.Petersburg State MarineTechnical University. Russia

9. Âè. A.N.MELNIKOV Chief of Regional Maritime Center, _{St.Petersburg,}

Russia

lO.Prof. V.M.PÄSHIN Director of the Krylov Shipbuilding Research Institute1 St.Petersburg, Russia

II .Mr. V.A4PEEVALOV Principal designer of crúlSer "Peter the Great",

'Severnoye" Design Bureau, St.Petersburg, Russia l2.ProL LV.RAKITSKY St.Petersburg State Marine Technical University,

Russia

l3.Pròf A.A.ROUSSgISKY Krylov Shipbuilding_{Research Institute,}

St.Petersburg, Russia

14.Pret. G.P.TIJRMOV _{Rector of the Far East Polytechnic, Vladivostok,} Russia

I 5.Mr._{L L.YERMM li Principle Designer of Soviet "mosquito fleet" of the} Second World War, St.Petersburg, Russia

16.R AdE. I.G.ZAKJIAIIOY Head of the First Central_{Naval ConstructAon}

Research Institute of the Defense Miñistry, St.Petersburg, Russia

(20)

FLUID MOMENTUM IN SEW

HYDRODYNAMICS

W. Beukelrnan*

Deift University of Technology

CRF'96 Conferen: 3-9 June 1996. St. Petersburg, Russia

Iiodudion

The rate of change of fluid momentum is a very significant characteristic to determine important phenomena In ship hydrodynamics such as motions ¡n waves, slamming, lift forces on hull and rudder, manoeuvring derivatives, etc.

Three of these phenomena will be considered closer here, especially the

calculation methods viz.:

- slamming

- lift production of the hull - manoeuvring

For lamming the impact force-is determined with aid of fluid momentum

exchange and strip theory including forward speed influence.

To determine the Jift tbces and -moments and also the hydrostatic- and dynamic manoeuvring cQefficients the ship hull is considered to be a low

aspect-ratio surface piercing wing. The determination isbased upon potential theory making use of the variation of the added mass impulse or the rate of change of fluid momentum.

Transformation from seakeeping to manoeuvring notation Is used to arrivo

at expressions for sway and yaw derivatives applicable for both and shallow water.

Reduction of waterdepth causes a strong increase of lift and consequently

also of manoeuvring derivatives.

The calculated results are related to the liñear part of the coefficients, which means validity only at small drift angles or angles of attack. As an example comparisons with experiments are.presentedfor.. the cases considered.

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i

Slamming

The impact pressure is mainly determined by The 'vele .

iioaalto the hull. In.

case of a ship with a flat bottom, the impat resss

ic bottom can be

determined if the velocities normal to the bottom ase tiowii. This case will be

considered here (i].

The hydrodynamic force per unit length on a strip o« an oscillating ship will be

F'=F+F+F

(1.)

in which p = density of water g = acceleration of gravy

= half widthofthecss-sec1íon*theinomeflt

of touching the

water surfa

m' = the sectional added ms

2V' the sectional damping

s

= s co: c

= the veilical 4isplacenent

The first term F's, is of minor &nlpoi*ance because the vertical displacement s is very small during the time that the maximum slam pressure is built up. The

con-tribution .of the second term, F'2,, is also neglegible on account of the small

dampiñg proportional to the first power of the vertical velocity. What remains is

the third term, F'3, representing the jIuid qiojnentuin exchange of the section

considered. . . . .

The resulting slam pressure. may be wiitten as

(2)

Prom eq.<2) it appeai that

die da p ¡s is«sety pixpoitional to (he wetted width, 2y,,

¿he oid aei ¡s pnpod1ona1 to the squared cidcal velocity and

a th

the mctase of added mass with depth is very

die thîad t may h

uy sègeificant if the vatical acceleilion

¡s high. ibis may he thecase f he arises a component due to the

Jncaseoodrpduwàhaûmnanglea(bowuP)thevelticalimPact

speedwilihe

YuI-Usi«

. (3)

(22)

An extension of this method taking into account more significant forward speed influence and 3-D effects is presented in part II of (I). An e.amplle of measured and calculated impact pressures dependent_{on the ventical speed V is presented in}

Figure 1 from l] (pan D) for_{a dead rise angle ß = 0.460 and a trim angle}

_{c =}

03°. Most existing calculation methods show too high pressure predictions. A

stg increase of peak pressures with dead rise angles

_{could be established up}

to L1° dead rise angle.

a

-a

0.24 0.48

V (mlsJ

Fig 1. _{Teat points (e o) and predicted results}

_{(-e , o--) of peak}

pressure as function of vertical velocity V [1]

2 Tra nverse forces

The calculation of the transverse force is also based on the xchange of fluid

flbomentun _{according to method as. proposed by Jones [2) to determine the lift}

(orees on a wing profile. For zero drift angle the transverse force is equal to the lift fores (Figure 2). The hydrostatic and_{hydrodynamic manoeuvring coefficients} are derived (mm the transverse forces and moments. In this way a ship is consid-ered to be a wing profile with a low aspect ratio.

(23)

The derivative of the local normal or transverse force N may be set equa to the

tinne-derivative of the local added mass impulse in transverse direction or the fluid

momentum exchange and can be written as

(in1v) (4)

with: n = the added mass per unit length,

ß = drift angle or angle of attack

= +Uß as the transverse component of the flow speed

_{- U}

Equation (4) may he developed into

dW dm'dx

,dvd

₍₅₎

-

_(fr

_frd

- y + m - -

_drdi

271

Figure 2. Foroes acting on the wing section.

Keeping in mind that dv/dr = O anddx/d: = -U (being the fluid flow speed on the wing which is opposite tothe _{wing-model speed U) the expression becomes:}

dN dm'

(6)

and _{dN = -U2ßdm'} (7)

The total normal force on the wing model will be obtained by integration of dW over the length/chord of the wing as:

(24)

T

J!

A A

g

, - N ]I=

-W2

jj ii4 -

in'4. ]

Jf ,w'

=

v'4

=

wi

the case the tota Iansvevse lbvce wilti be

ze. Thin p

inenea

qí ja aince with' lDlbinbert pa'adbx on the

assumptioa that the bw ith îin) hi an' hIball flUids without viscosity,. voilez

sheets and seftcatiou. O1Iy ß ai bod with' a tail' fin at the end,. so'nv', O; t1t situation,isfuno v:

d1ntstatedb3l Newman in;

_3']!.

It is well knoin', howev, thUs viscosity is required to

Start the potential' lift

production. Jones. ( 2 ]i put kvwaiU that with the aid of the Kutta-condilion' it may

easily be shown that sectiOns ol the wing behind the section of the gtatesV width develop no lift. Katz and Pk)tkhl even showed lU' 4 .]! that there willi be no liftif

b(x) is constant with x. lintegiation' up to' the section' with' the maimum width

should then be sufficient.

If the integration in eq. (8) is carried out frnm the fbrwaiI point 4) to the section with the maximum beam (mb)and if in'F

=

O, it then' bold that the transverse force may be written as

N=

The sectional added mass m'was determined using a method based upon potential

theory only as presented by Keil in [.5 3 including the influence of restricted

waterdepth. The sectional added mass m' also be obtained by a diffraction method i.e. Deifrac of Pinkster as presented by Dmitrieva inL6]. The advantage

of this method is that wall influence or influence of other obstacles in the

neighbouthood may be taken into account.

3 Lift production

Here the lift production at zero drift angle ß will be considered for which case holds that the lift force L is equal to the transverse force N. Por other drift angles the Iongitudin1 force T should be accounted for to find the lift force L and drag D as denotéd in.Pigure 2. If the lift.force coefficient is presented as

L

c=

A. (11)

-pU2LT

(25)

ot

M'. -U2ß {.xm'I

1m'dx}

Db

It follows with

M - U2ßMSD

Following the reasoning as used for the transverse/lift force D sIxiId be chesea as located at x (Figure 2)

F

MD J 273

m1dr

theslopeoftheliftcurveatß =Omaybewritteuas

aç

mÇ (12)

pLT

in which L

= the length of the wing or ship

T

=dtaught.

The moment. of the local transverse force with respect to the origin oía body-fixed right hand coordinate systernxyz (r. longitudin2l, positive In forward speed

direction at ß 00, y transverse, positive to the right or starboard side SB, z

positive downwards) may be expressed as follows:

4=xdx

(13)

With the origin of the coordinate system situated. at D (Figure 2) and substituting

. (6) into (13) the total momént of the transverse force on the wing. model with

respect toDwill be:

(26)

is the added mass from F to x,a. This moment with respect to

wellknown destabilizing Munk-moment _{for a body with a drift}

translation. The diStanceft _{from x_e, to CN (See Figure 2) is}

1.2 0.8

o

J0.6

o

0.2 o 1,2 i 0,8 e 0,6

o

0,4 0.2 O M

Ußm

m

fa__=

za. =. _zas

N

U2ßmÇ

The distance e from CN to the fonvani wing point will be:

zn_XIII, m1 X-II Square Tips1 H

2.50 m, T = 0.30 m

eL

w

-d

x_11 _1z1 Square Tips, H

_{= 0.48 m, T}

_{= 0.30 m}

4 8 13 (deg)

Figure 3. Lift and drag _coefficients

LCG delivers the angle at a steady found as follows:

(16)

(17) Ccndki A £01.025 lit.

--

0

-CDl3t. 20 4 ₈ ₁₂ ₁₆ 16 20

(27)

and ni

ir

A 14i1* _1411' e a

"Xiò

L

The moment of the transverse rce or lift force at ß = O with respect to F is:

M0 = 1* = (J2ßm'

(L

- d, -___

(19)

mx

and the moment coefficient

CM=

M

mÇß

.pu2Li

_pLT

The slope of the moment curve at ß O is found to be as follows:

aCM

.=

L,

a aCL C

ößL,

Tests with a wing model as reported in [7] show that lift and drag increase

strongly if the watenlepth reduces. See as an example Figure 3. Calculated values

confirm this veiy well. Using faired tips at the bilge in stead of square tips

doereases drag and lift considerably. Experimental results with faired tips

approach for both lift and moment the calculated linear values in case of zero

angle of attack ß.

4 Manoeuvrhg

4.1 General

The manoeuvring coefficients will be calculated with aid of the seakeeping

coeffi-cients. See for a description [8]. These coefficients generally axe built up from

275

ni..

(18)

(20)

(28)

terms with sectional fluid added mass (ni) and damping coefficient

_(N'

-dmïdt). Poe _{ma1cuvringitis assumed that the òsclllátion frequcncy..iszòro}

(static measurements)._{orvery low at oscillation so that the damping N'-. o. The}

tenu U din 'Mr of the damping coefficient will deliver_{the transverse foites as}

shown before. Por this_{reason ténus with Uthfl'/d} _{will be integrated from the} forward point (F) to the section with the maximum beám (nib). This holds also for terms with m' following from _{Udm'/dx by partial integration. Terms with} pure added mass in' will be integrated over the whole_{modellengthL as shown}

experimentally in the past. The relation between seakeeping and manoeuvning has

to be considered to find expressions for the manoeuvring coefficients. The most

remarkable difference is the choice of the vertical aids z, positive upwards in

seakeeping and downwards for manoeuvring. Hence the transverse axis is also different in direction, positive to BB for seakeeping and to SB for manoeuvring.

4.2 Sway

The equation of motion for the swaying _{motion related to seakeeping may be}

written as

(in #a)5 +bj

- Y4sI(øt #e)

(22)

Substituting y y0 sin øt delivers for the quadrature component of the side-foive:

bøyaY,sine

(23)

The sway oscillation for manoeuvring may be presented as

(y#-m))+Y,v-.}.ain(ot.e)

(24)

from which follows

The sign for. this forne is opposite

_{to that found fr manoeuviimg dac}

_the.

difference in the direction of the yaxis. là the

_{aboeequa1ioásai}

rn1,, = massof the wing

= seakeeping coefficients forrósp. added mass and damjjí

y,.y,

_{= manoeuvning coefficients for .zsp. added mass}

With aid of the expressions for the seakeeping cÒflcients

_{as psendà (81,}

it followS with (22), (23) and (25) that

.

(29)

as,.

_a

F

-b,, = (J f

= -Um',,

(26)

Table 1: Overview of Sway eflkkntL

.._ f-h

1.

PP

Ti'

we-- f .'.r,

A"

In uin-densionaI

II

cxpssioas becomes:

a 4PL N, 1_,

p.

.-

_i--

pp

4PL .4?? W?

N,.0 ¡

ìk N,

"e

W?

'Pr

-'!(-c.i.-

f

1

(*ii,

f

.'aj

ç.

Y,

(30)

In the same way is found:

which becomes in non-dimensional form:

F

i

_fzñdx

13

_A

The other coefficients may be determined in the saine way. An overview of the sway coefficients is presented in Table I.

As an example:

Figure 4 shows the measured and calculated values of -Y', as function of forward

speedF)zforHtr= 1.2,H=Wateixlepth, T= diaught.

40

o

20 s

.10

o

= - a7,

=

F

-f m'

A

Figure 4 Measured and calculated -Y, as function of forward speed.

4.3 Yaw

Yaw in manoeuvring may be divided in sway and yaw with a mutual phase

difference of 90 degrees. Condition A Exp.iirn.nli T -0.20 in T - 0.30 m - T-0.20m T-030m Squace iIp T C.Icui,Uoss. YI.2 T - 0.10 n' - 0.10 m w 0.1 0.15 0.2 0.25 0.3 Fn

(31)

The velocity vector of LCG is tangent to the swaying path of L _{which is} achieved by adjusting a phase angle ..beween a fore and aft leg in case of an

oscillatior[8],sothat

1m,, #a,,)j .b»j

_+e)

(3!)

The force here is taken in phase with the yawing angle _{and negative in sign in} view f the manoeuvring notation. Substitution of

_{y = y sin «e and}

2

= _COS _)t

=

T

sin cos «e

(3)

in (31) and using the pure yawing motion equation

Y,/ +(Y -niV)r

_{Y4coa(ct .c).}

₍₃₃₎ yields I'aSuhtE

-&(m#a,,)y4_e,,o

(Y,-nsU)=

'dø

or

2 2U

with ¡ = the distance between oscillator legs.

The force equation for sway/yaw may be written as:

W(

d,) t

2sin.

2.

279

+ mU

w-Othensuz±-.tg± #

-._ -.

¡0

2 2 2 2U

which resulta into

Y,

- e,

-

(35)

Using the seakeeping expressions fore and a7 as presented in (81 ad laking

N'-'Oforw-..Oyields

(30)

(32)

F

i

(m'xdx

1 4 J.

-pL A

(40)

The other coefficients may be determined in the me way. In the above equations aró . .

= seakeepiug moulent còeffiçientS for ree. added mass and

damping

Y;, Y, yaw moment coefficients for resp. added mass and

If for yawing the velocity vector of LCG s not tangent to the swaying path of

LCG the yaw coefficients may change rather strongly. In (8] a counter phase of

1800 has been considered showing these very strong alterations in value. An over

view of the yaw coefficients is presented in Table li.

44. Semi-empirical methods

In the past several attempts have been made to find empiricalexpressions for the

+

Ím'dxi

(36)

b non-dimensional form after partial integmtion is found

F. F

Y-1

=

'[-xm-fm'd*+fmdx)(37)

pLU

-pL

A

The in-phase relation of equation (31) and (33) gives in the same way:

Yt=

b7,U

(38)

gN'-.Oforcú-'Otheirremalns.

F

y-f m'xdx=N

(39)

A

(33)

Table II: Overview al Yaw cOefficients

,pp ppp

-Uf f

_f

mÇ*J

.4?? pLU

F?? _F?? F??

m

-U[-çai- f

'di. f

dx3 _-

L1#I.

L,

alL

AP? p??

Tè-- f

-N, App p?? p??

N-(4 f

_{.tz2ò. f}

R'l

APP

'p?

N,.- f

'x2ò APP 2pL

s-N, _i

'4ILu

₄

_

f a.xdg-N

Ap? P?? P?? P??

-U(-4,.-2 f

f

s(-z,i-2

f a.. f J

ç,

AP?

ç,

Ap?

m

'

I-z#I.,-a f.

i -'

14 1'

ç,

a-

_I

m

pLAP? r. 281

(34)

manoeuvring coefficients_{at ships based on measured values from planar} _motion

and rotating arm experiments.

Mentioned are here Norrbin (1971)_{[9], Gerritsma e.a. (1974)} _{E lO], moue e.a.}

(1981) [11]. Clarke

_{e.a. (1982) [12 ) compared several empirical} _formules

against scatter plots of velocity_derivatives.

Clarke used multiple linear regression analysis to develop empirical formules to explain the variation in the available data for the velocity derivatives and also _the acceleration derivatives.

His resulting four equations _{for velocity derivatives} _{were obtained from the}

pooled dala and are, together with the remaining equations for _{acceleration.} derivatives, also presented in [13 _J.

In Table Ill the experunental results of the manoeuvring derivatives for the

shiplike condition T = 0.10 m, FI = 2.50 m (deep water) are compared with the present calculation results and the semi-empirical _{methods mentioned above.}

Table UI: Comparison of measured, _{calculated and semi-empirical values for}

the coefficients

C.nOU.n A r - 0.10 ffi. N - 3.50 fll

Co.ifl. Fn Psucni 8an'ii-.m$,oai 'visthod.

Sqia,. FM.d CI&kI Nonbln O.,rI,ns. 8.lAM.n

T.

--.---.--.-...

Tie. ₁₁₉₀₂₎ ₁₁₀₈₁₎ 110711 _{0*.iawp 11074)} .15 .20 0.02 1.04 0.51 0.30 0.09 0.77 0.90 0.00 0.90 iO .21 1.2$ 0.02 .1',' .11 I .20 2.11 2.10 1.30 1.18 0.07 1.17 0.08 1.00 0.00 't0 .21 2.02 1.50 .15 .20 .0.11 0.13 .0.00 .0.05 .0.05 0.02 .0.00 0.00 _.0.05 Io' .20 .0.11 .0.17 .18 .20 0.45 0.44 0.20 0.22 0.40 0.37 0.30 0.38 0.09 I0 .25 0.17 0.20 .16 .20 .0.01 0.11 0.06 0.12 .0.05 0.04 .0.05 .0.05 .0.05

I0'

.25 0.12 0.21 .16 .20 .0.47 0.38 0.31 0.21 .0.50 .0.27 0.37 .0.24 0.24 io' .29 .0.08 .0.33 Nf .15 .20 0.01 0.03 0.10 0.10 0.07 0.04 0.07 0.07 0.07 io' .25 .0.07 0.18 i _.15 .20 0.24 0.27 0.14 0.10 0.22 01Ø 0.21 0.21 0.11

i0

.21 0.27 0.13

(35)

Fig. 5 presents the yaw coefficient _{-y,'as funetion of forward speed F)s, Hi?} 2.0. In this case, condition B, there is a counter phase of 180°.

150

o

0.1 _0.1

Fn

Figure 5 _{Measured and calculated 1'}_{as function of forward speed}

5 _{Conclusions and}

_{recommendatjon}

The presented calculation methods based on the rate of change of fluid momentum

are suitable to determine phenomena _as

- slamming pressures

-. lift production of the hull

- manoeuvring derivatives

Reduction of the waterdepth _{causes a strong increase of lift and consequently also} of manoeuvring derivatives.

The influence of external oscillatiors such as a rudder and propeller on the hull

coefficients needs further investigation. Research into viscous influence due to the

curvature of the bilge and/or the influence of bilge keel, is also needed.

6 _References

[ 1] Radev, D. and W. Beukelman, 'Slamming on foreed oscillating wedges at

forward speed', Part I

- Test Results , Part U - Slamming Simulation _on

Penetrating Wedges at Forward Speed, International Shipbuilding Progress,

Volume 39, No.420, 1992 and Volume 40, No.421, 1993.

283 CCod4l... _Spe.le..A.. â4..e. tip. Y t s... A1 - _{V.si..I tipe} is 11.1-. LI G.e..i...S.... Vp.$

, -

. -

_$35 -SIS is - S)U. 0.2 _0.25 _0.3

(36)

E

2] Jones, LT. (1945),

!PrcçetJes of Low-Aspect-ratio Pointed Wings at Speeds Below and Above thé Speed of Sound', NACA-Report 835

Newman, ¡N. (1977), 'Marine Hydrodynamic?, Book, MiT Press,

Cambridge, Massachusetts.

katz, J. and Plolkin, A. (1991), 'Low Speed Aerodynamics, from Wing Theory to Panel Methods', Book, McGiw - Hill, International Editions

Keil, H. (1974), 'Die Hydrodynamische Kräfte bei der periodische

Bewegung zwei-dimensionaler Körperan der Oberflãche flacher Gewasser', Institut für Schiffbau der Universität Hamburg, Bericht No. 305

Dinitrieva, Dr. I. 'Numerical Investigations of Motions and Drift Forces on

Different Bodies Using the DELFRAC Program', Report 1016, Ship

Hydro-mechanics Laboratory, Deift University of Technology, The Netherlands

Beukelman, W. (1993), 'Lift and Drag for a Low Aspect-ratio Surface

Piercing Wing-Model in Deep and Shallow Water', Deift University of

Technology, Ship Hydromech2nics Laboratory, ISBN 90-370-0095-9

BeiikImmi, W. (1995),

'Manocuvring Derivatives for a Low Aspect-Ratio Surface Piercing Wing-Model in Deep and Shallow Water', Deift University of Technology, Ship Hydronreçhanics Lab., (MEMT, ISSN 0925-6555,35) ISBN 90-370-0127-0

Nonbin, NI (1971), 'Theory and Observations

on the Use of a Mathe-mtical Model for Ship Manoeuvring in Deep and Confined Waters' Swedlsch State Shipbuilding ExperimentalTowing Tank, Pub!. 68, 1971

Gerritsma, J., BeulmlmAq, W afldGlanzdoip, C.C., (1974),

'The Effectof Beam on the Hydrodynamic Characteristics of Ship Hulls',

1( Office of Naval Research Symp. Boston, USA or Repon No. 403-P,

Ship Hydromechanics Lab., Deift University of Techn., The Netherlands

Iue, S., Hirano, M. and Kgima, K. (1981), 'Hydrodynamic Derivatives on Ship Manoeuvring',Int. Shipbuilding Progress, Vol.28, No.321, May

1981, The Nçtherlands

Clarke, D., Get1Jin ,P. andHine, G. (1982), 'The Application of

manoeu-viing Criteria nùll DcsignrUsing Linear Theory'., Trans. RINA, 1982

Book: rincip1eso( Naval Architecture', Volume ffl Motions in Waves

Fluid Momentum in Ship Hydromechanics