CHRONOLOGY OF CULTURES BETWEEN
THE VISTULA AND DNIEPER:
3150-1850 B C Ivan T. Chernyakov ElkeKaiser Viktor I. Klo hko Aleksander Ko±ko Nikolay N.Kovalyukh VladimirA. Kr uts Mykola N. Kryvaltsevi h Vadim L. Lakiza Jan Ma hnik Sergey V. Nazarov Alla V. Nikolova Vadim V. Skripkin Marzena Szmyt Mihailo Y. Videiko 1 V O L U M E 7
•
1999w.Mar in78
Tel.(061)8536709ext. 147,Fax(061)8533373
EDITOR
AleksanderKo±ko
EDITORIALCOMMITEE
SophiaS.Berezanskaya (Kiev),AleksandraCofta-Broniewska
(Pozna«), Mikhail Charniauski (Minsk), Lu yna Doma«ska
(ód¹), ViktorI. Klo hko (Kiev), Valentin V. Otrosh henko
(Kiev),PetroTolo hko (Kiev)
SECRETARY
MarzenaSzmyt
SECRETARYOFVOLUME
AgnieszkaPrzybyª
ADAMMICKIEWICZUNIVERSITY
INSTITUTEOFEASTERNSTUDIES
INSTITUTEOFPREHISTORY
Pozna«1999
ISBN83-86094-06-0
CHRONOLOGY OF CULTURES BETWEEN
THE VISTULA AND DNIEPER:
3150-1850 B C Ivan T. Chernyakov ElkeKaiser Viktor I. Klo hko Aleksander Ko±ko Nikolay N.Kovalyukh VladimirA. Kr uts Mykola N. Kryvaltsevi h Vadim L. Lakiza Jan Ma hnik Sergey V. Nazarov Alla V. Nikolova Vadim V. Skripkin Marzena Szmyt Mihailo Y. Videiko 1 V O L U M E 7
•
1999CoverDesign: EugeniuszSkorwider
Lingvisti onsultation:JohnComber
PrintedinPoland
EDITORS'FOREWORD ... 5
ASSUMPTIONS ... 7
ViktorI.Klo hko,AleksanderKo±ko,MarzenaSzmyt,PROBLEM
OFTAXONOMICLIMITATIONSINTHESYNTHESISOFTHEHISTORY
OFBALTIC-PONTICBORDERLANDIN3150-1850BC ... 7
NikolayN.Kovalyukh,Sergey V.Nazarov,RADIOCARBON
DATINGCALIBRATIONINARCHEOLOGICALSTUDIES ... 12
VadimV.Skripkin,NikolayN.Kovalyukh,RADIOCARBONLSDATING
OFBONEMICRO-SAMPLES ... 27
PARTI.THEBLACKSEABASIN(CHRONOLOGYOFTAXONOMICUNITS) ... 34
Mihailo Y.Videiko, RADIOCARBONDATINGCHRONOLOGYOFTHELATE
TRIPOLYECULTURE ... 34
ViktorI.Klo hko,VladimirA.Kruts,RADIOCARBONDATES
FROMTHEYAMNAYACULTUREBARROWATTHETRIPOLYECULTURE
"GIANTSETTLEMENT"NEARTALYANKY ... 72
AllaV. Nikolova,RADIOCARBONDATESFROMTHEGRAVES
OFTHEYAMNAYACULTUREATTHEINGULETSRIVER
(THEKIROVOHRADREGION) ... 80
AllaV. Nikolova,RADIOCARBONDATINGOFGRAVES
OFTHEYAMNAYAANDCATACOMBCULTURES
ONTHEDNIEPERRIGHTBANK ... 103
ElkeKaiser,RADIOCARBONDATESFROMCATACOMBGRAVES ... 129
Mykola Kryvaltsevi h,NikolayN.Kovalyukh,RADIOCARBONDATING
OFTHEMIDDLEDNIEPERCULTUREFROMBELARUS ... 151
ViktorI.Klo hko,RADIOCARBONCHRONOLOGYOFTHEEARLY
ANDMIDDLEBRONZEAGEINTHEMIDDLEDNIEPERREGION.
THEMYRONIVKABARROWS ... 163
Marzena Szmyt,IvanT. ChernyakovRADIOCARBONCHRONOLOGY
OF"AKKIEMBETSKIYKURGAN".APRELIMINARYREPORT ... 196
PARTII.THEBALTICSEABASIN(CHRONOLOGYOFPONTIC"INFLUENCE") .. 203
Aleksander Ko±ko,PONTICTRAITSINTHEMATERIALSOF
CULTURE|ARADIOCARBONPERSPECTIVE ... 211
JanMa hnik, RADIOCARBONCHRONOLOGYOFTHECORDEDWARE
CULTUREONGRZDASOKALSKA.AMIDDLEDNIEPER
TRAITSPERSPECTIVE ... 221
VadimL.L akiza, RADIOCARBONDATINGOFTHECORDEDWARE
CULTUREFROMTHENIEMENRIVERBASIN.AGRAVEFROM
PARKHUTY,SITE1,THEGRODNAREGION ... 251
CONCLUSION ... 264
ViktorI.Klo hko,AleksanderKo±ko,MarzenaSzmyt,ACOMPARATIVE
CHRONOLOGYOFTHEPREHISTORYOFTHEAREABETWEEN
THEVISTULAANDDNIEPER:3150-1850BC ... 264
Referen es ... 283
ThisvolumeoftheBalti Ponti Studies fo usesontheresultsoftheresear h
arried out so far into the absolute (radio arbon) hronology of the area lying
betweentheVistulaandDnieperorthebio- ultural borderlandbetween theWest
andEastofEurope.Absolute hronologyistreatedherebothasaresear hgoaland
fundamentalpremise inthebroaderstudiesof the hronometri anddevelopment
syn hronizationof\borderland" ulturalsystems.Ina seriesofarti les devotedto
individualtaxa a onsiderable numberofnew 14
Cdates havebeen ompared.The
dates on ernsour ematerialsthathavebeen hosenfromthepointofviewoftheir
representativenessand hronometri value (\short-lived"materials werepreferred
to minimize a potential error). The vast majority of analyses were purposefully
made in the same 14
C laboratory of the State S ienti Center of Environmental
Radiogeo hemistry of Ukrainian A ademy of S ien es in Kiev taking advantage of
fundsgenerouslyprovidedbythePolishCommitteeforS ienti Resear h.
Thevolume devotedto the\dark" se tionofthe\borderland"history
(3150--1850BC)isthe rstbutnotthelastpubli ationonthebroaderissuesmentioned
1. All dates in the B-PS are alibrated [see: Radio arbon vol.28, 1986, andthe
nextvolumes℄.Deviations fromthisrule willbepointoutinnotes.
2. Thenamesofthear haelogi al ulturesandsitesarestandarizedtotheEnglish
literatureonthesubje t(e.g.M.Gimbutas,J.P.Mallory).Inthe aseofanew
term,theauthor'soriginalnamehasbeenretained.
3. The spelling of names of lo alities having the rank of administrative entres
followsoÆ ial,state,Englishlanguage artographi publi ations(e.g. Ukraine,
vol.7:1999,27-33
PLISSN1231-0344
Vadim V.Skripkin, NikolayN. Kovalyukh
RADIOCARBON LS DATING OFBONE MICRO-SAMPLES
Samplesofbonesfromar heologi al ex avationsare reliable andoften
ex lu-sivematerialforradio arbon dating.Atthesame timeradio arbondatingoffossil
bonesisasso iatedwith somediÆ ulties. Porousstru tureofbones whenbeingin
groundabsorbswatersolubleorgani substan es,whi hhaveagedi erentfrom
ol-lagenofbones.Besides,bone ollagenwhenbeingingroundissubje tedtoba teria
andmi ro-fungusdestroyingin uen e. Mi ro-biotain uen e leads to breaking of
arbonisotopesprimary orrelation,so alled\isotopi fra tionating".
The fa torsmentioned above have an in uen e parti ularlyon thebone
mi- ro-samples dating, in whi h arbon total ontents does not ex eed one gram.
Mi ro-samples form not less than 50% in a whole ar heologi al material
availa-ble for radio arbon dating. Mi ro-samples of bone material are theonly possible
obje tsindeterminationofabsoluteagebyisotopi methodsformanyar heologi al
monuments.Itshouldbegiventhespe ialattentionforprimary hemi alpro essing
ofsamples underinvestigation.Animportantandin onsistent problemisde ided
onthis stage: as mu h as possible full removingof introdu edorgani substan es
and bad admixtures with keeping simultaneously as mu h as possible amount of
bone ollagen, andofbone oal -forburntbones. Itisimportantforthesamples
withsigni ant biologi al destroyingof ollagen (morethan50%),thatstable
ar-bon isotopes orrelation with subsequent orre ting of radio arbon ageshould be
de nedbymasses-spe trometri method.
Methods and strategies. Anew omplex te hnology is designed in our
labo-ratoryofbonemi ro-samples primary hemi al pro essingandsubsequent arbon
datingfra tionsdepositionin akindofbenzene.
P rimarypro essing. Traditional strategy of bone samples primary pro essing
omprisesastage of ollagendepositionina puresubstan etype[Arslanov1987℄.
Forthisaim thesampleredu ed to fragmentsispro essedby0.5%- 2%solution
pho-but ollagen stays as a jelly-like material. It is important to note that a ertain
portion of thebone organi material is also dissolved and, moreover, it
disappe-arsforever.Subsequentpro essingof ollagenisimpededandrequiresmu htime.
Hydratedform of ollagen isextremelyun omfortable forwashing, entrifugation
and drying. A great amount of phosphorus and sulphur ompounds is abundant
in the end produ t- dry ollagen. Phosphorusand sulphurare themost harmful
admixturesinlithium arbideprodu ing,andthatiswhyitisne essarytooxidizea
ollagenbeforehand till arbondioxide with subsequentgaspurifying. Multi-stage
oftraditionalte hnologyleadstoinevitablelossesof arbona eoussubstan es,that
isundesirable parti ularlyfor mi ro-samples.Itisimpossible at allto sele t a
da-ting arbonfra tionfromsometypesofbonematerialbytraditionalte hnology.So
forinstan e burnt bones ontainsemi-destroyed ollagen and ne-dispersed bone
oal.Both omponentsare ompletely available forthepurposeofundistorted
ra-dio arbonagedetermination,butsemi-destroyed ollagenispra ti ally ompletely
dissolvedina ids,and ne-dispersedbone oal anbedepositedonlywiththehelp
ofsuper-speedandloweÆ ient entrifugalma hines.
Te hnologydevelopedmakespossiblelithium arbideprodu tionfrom ollagen
or bone oal without preliminary deposition of them in a pure kind [Skripkin,
Kovalyukh1998℄.The bones forthispurposeare redu ed tofragments, andafter
washingwithtrisodiumphosphatesolutiontheyarepro essedby1-3%hydro uori
a id. This a id transforms arbonate and partly al ium phosphate into uoride.
Cal ium uoridedoesnotdissolvedpra ti ally inweak a ids, but hangeofCO
−
2 3andPO
−
3 4volumetri anionsfor ompa tFleadstogenesisofmineralmatrixwhi h
isporousand leanedfromorgani -sili ate omplex.Collageninthis aseexistsin
semi-boundnonhydratedstate.Essentialadvantageofhydro uori a idisitsability
to dissolve sili ates and humi a ids as well as produ ts of ba teria vital a tivity
absorbedonthem.Itmakeitpossibletoremoveintrodu edorgani substan esand
arboni arbon,towashanddrythepro essedsampleeasyandqualitatively.The
lossesofboneorgani substan esorbone oalareminimumundersu hpro essing
[Kovalyukh,Skripkin,Sobotovi h1996℄.
The samplesubsequently isredu ed to fragmentsandmixed with manganese
dioxideforlithium arbideprodu tionbyte hnologyof\va uumpyrolysis"(the
di-re t hemisorptionintoalithiumalloyof arbona eousgasesprodu edbythe ontrolled
thermaldegradationoforgani materialsunder va uum).
Thiste hnologyisbased on ombinationoftwopro esses:thermalbreakdown
oforgani sampleand hemi alabsorptionofgaseousprodu tsbylithium.Rea tor
onstru tion and elements of te hnology are shown on the gure 1. Synthesis is
arried outwithin therea tormade of stainlesssteel withmetalli lithiumpla ed
onthe bottom, butthe sample is seatedinside thetitanium glass. The glass with
Fig.1.Rea tor onstru tionandelementsofte hnology
temperatureregulationtobemadewithintheareaofthermalbreakdown(and
on-sequentlygassingvelo ity)withouttemperature hangingwithinthemeltedlithium
area. Rea tor isinserted intothe stove at optimum depth,and is xed in su ha
position. When temperature onditionsare properly hosen a velo ity of
hemi- alabsorptionof thermalbreakdowngaseousprodu ts bymetalli lithiumslightly
ex eedsasamplethermalbreakdownvelo ity.Therea torpressureisstabilizedat
0.1-0.2 atm. This promotes raising of thermal breakdownlight - volatile produ ts
gassing andprevents ondensationofthese materialsforrea torwalls.
Asaresultofrunningpro essesthe ollagenis onvertedintoavolatileorgani
ombinationsandintoabone oal.Additionofmanganesedioxideplaysan
impor-tantrole.Whenthetemperatureisabove550
o
Cthemanganesedioxidedisintegrates
witha tiveoxygenliberationalloverthevolumeofmixture.Oxygenliberationruns
quietly, underthebroad range of temperatures(550-940
o
C). Fine-dispersed bone
their ability to link phosphorusand sulphurin thermalstable ombinations. This
allows getting lithium arbide ofhigh quality,and whatismore - pra ti ally from
thewhole arbon ontentofboneorgani substan es.Formationoflithium arbide
runswithout ompli ationswithhighoutput.Lithiumoxide,hydrideandnitrideare
also formed in parallels with arbide. Lithium hydrideand nitride are ompletely
destroyedundershortrea tionvolumeva uumingattheendofpro ess.The
rea -torofredu ed volume(400 ml 3
)was designedforfossilbones mi ro-samplesthat
hasmadeitpossibletoredu e greatlythelossesonthisstage.
Lithium arbideis subje ted tohydrolysis,and gassing a etylene is onverted
intobenzeneonvanadium atalyst. Va uumsystemforbenzenesynthesesismade
frommaterials, whi hadsorbnotatalla etylene andbenzene. Internal volumeof
va uum line has its minimum possible meaning. Constru tive parti ularities
men-tioned above allow to rea h 95-97%benzene outputto thetotal ex lusionof the
memorye e t.Asaresultofsummationofnew omplexte hnologyadvantagesthe
possibilityappearsforbonesamplesdating arrying-outwith ollagentotal ontents
upto250-300mg.
The omplex hemi al te hnology of lithium arbide produ tion from fossil
bonessamples hadbeentested omprehensively.Thesamplesofdi erenttype
bo-nes aswell asoftheir di erentpreservationaftertheir redu ing tofragmentsand
quartering were pro essed in parallels by bothtraditional andnew methods.The
results obtained were omparedand analyzed. The samples age in parallel series
oin ided withinthelimits ofinstrumentalerrorundermeasurement pra ti allyin
overwhelmingmajorityof ases.Moreovertherewasasu essindatingsometests
byonlynewmethodof hemi albonespro essingappli ation.Sampleswith
obvio-uslydenominated rejuvenatingin uen e of humi a ids were equally well leaned
from thelast onesbothbywashingout with alkali ortrisodium phosphateandby
the a tion of hydro uori a id. L aboriouspro ess of the new omplex approa h
andatemporal periodspentforitwasfound5-10timeslessthanforthe
traditio-nal methodof bonematerial radio arbonanalysis.The mosttypi alresultsof two
methods omparisonsareshownin theTable1.
Traditional te hnologyof ollagen depositionstipulates humi substan es
re-moving by 0.1% NaOH solution pro essing. As a rule, humi substan es are of
youngeragewithrespe tto ollagen,andtheyarepresentwithinthebonesamples
in a kind of sili on oxide and soil organi material re-pre ipitated onglomerate.
Ifusednewte hnologythehumi substan es areremovedfrom thebonesamples
togetherwithsili ates atthepro essingstage byhydro uori a id.Sili onoxide is
ompletely dissolvedinhydro uori a idsolution,andhumi substan es
pre ipita-tedonsili ates formpseudo-solution.
One an see from omparative experiments arried out that newte hnology
substan-Table 1
Comparativedatingoffossilbonesamplesbythetraditionalte hnologyandby\va uumpyrolysis"
method
No. Sample L ab.numb Age
14
C,BP
1 Ordzhonikidze(ex avations1997), Traditionalmethod Ki-6827a 3890
±
50 b.11,g.8 Va uumpyrolysis Ki-6827b 3910±
45 2 Golovkovka,b.3,g.1 Traditionalmethod Ki-6718a 3905±
55 Va uumpyrolysis Ki-6718b 3920±
60 3 Ordzhonikidze(ex avations1980),gr. Traditionalmethod Ki-6553a 3710±
60 ChornaMogila,b.3,g.17 Va uumpyrolysis Ki-6553b 3745±
50 4 Semionovka(ex avations1990-91), Traditionalmethod Ki-6688a 6800±
60b.1 Va uumpyrolysis Ki-6688b 6980
±
655 O.Surskoyb.II(ex avations1946), Traditionalmethod Ki-6691a 7230
±
55sq.7 Va uumpyrolysis Ki-6691b 7245
±
606 SolonoeOzeroIV Traditionalmethod Ki-6202a 12805
±
95 (ex avations1990) Va uumpyrolysis Ki-6202b 12890±
100 7 NovovladimirovkaII Traditionalmethod Ki-6203a 19290±
85Va uumpyrolysis Ki-6203b 19340
±
95 8 Dmitrievka, Traditionalmethod Ki-5826a 16495±
100UpperlatePaleolithi layerofseat Va uumpyrolysis Ki-5826b 16520
±
95heologi alage.Ifthesamples omeundertheageperiodof12-19th.BP,®va uum
pyrolysis¯methodgives evenmore an ient results, thatpointstothefa tofmore
ompleteandsele tiveremovingofintrodu edorgani substan es.The ollagen
los-sesarelikelyberedu ed onsiderablywhenhumi substan esremovingte hnology
byhydro uori methodoforgano-sili ate omponentdissolving isin use.
Measurement of benzene mi ro-samples is arried out intothe spe ially
de-veloped mi ro-vials with the help of \Quantulus" - low-ba kground spe trometer
[Buzinny,Skripkin1995℄.Mi ro-vialsaremadeofhighpressurenon-porouste on.
Holders for mi ro-vials are made of high purity titanium, and they are provided
withbythes reentoprevent\ ross-talk"e e t.Constru tiveparti ularitiesaswell
asthe hosenmaterialsenablehigh ountingfeaturestobeget (Table 2).
Asaresultofbiologi alpro esses,whi hhavebeengoingonwithinthesystem
bone-soilmi roorganisms,thenaturalrelationbetweenthreemain arbonisotopes
( 12 C, 13 C and 14
C) experien es ertain hanges. These hanges an be in reased
Table 2
Countingfeatures
Vial Benzeneloss Bg 14
C FM FM(E2/BG) t
max
(year) tmax
(year) volume per24hour ( mp) eÆ ien y(ml) (mg) (%)
0.85 lessthan0.10 0.11 82 23.2 61127 48050 80
Table 3
Comparativedatingoffossilbonessamplesma roandmi roin rements(Yamnaya ulture)
No. Sample L ab.numb Age
14
C,BP
9 Protopopovka,b.1,g.4 Ma ro Ki-6733a 3945
±
50 Mi ro Ki-7130 3920±
70 10 Protopopovka,b.2,g.3 Ma ro Ki-6734a 3925±
55 Mi ro Ki-7131 3910±
60 11 Ordzhonikidze(ex avations1997),Shakhta22, Ma ro Ki-6833 3900±
55b.2g.6 Mi ro Ki-7132 3930
±
7012 Golovkovka,b.6,g.8 Ma ro Ki-6719 3970
±
55Mi ro Ki-7133 3960
±
60 13 Golovkovka,b.11,g.5. Ma ro Ki-6723a 4030±
60 Mi ro Ki-7134 4035±
6014 Golovkovka,b.5,g.5 Ma ro Ki-6731 4005
±
55Mi ro Ki-7135 4020
±
7015 Golovkovka,b.7,g.4 Ma ro Ki-6722 3980
±
60Mi ro Ki-7136 3940
±
70In evaluating radio arbon age the orre tion is being taken in a ount for
biologi al isotopi fra tionation. Undertaking su h an operation is possible due
to wellde ned relationship between the de e tion of 13
C isotope on entration
and thedegree of 14
isotopefra tionation. Pra ti ally 14
C
= (δ
13C
) 2 equality ispersisting.Forthisaimthedeterminationismadeonvariationin on entrationsof
13
Cisotopeinthereadybenzenebymass-spe trometri method.Thisfa torusually
falls within the limits
−
18.
5< δ
13
C < d
13C < −
20.
7 promille. For su h kind ofsamples, whi h hadbeenunder onsiderable e e tof soilmi roorganisms, thiseven ome to 14promile. Itmeans in pra ti e that samples misrepresentation by
ageinsomething likeBP=5000years anrea h250years.Corre tion enteringfor
theisotopi fra tionationis urrently entralformi ro-samples,sin esu hsamples
haveasarulea nebonelayer,beingeasypermeablefornaturaldestroyingagents.
Thework arriedoutinourlaboratoryonYamnaya ulturear heologi al
mo-numentsdating is an inherent example of radio arbon method applyingfor fossil
bonesmi ro-samples.
Asone ansee fromthedatamentionedaboveintheTable 3theages ofthe
bonesmi ro-samplesderivedare oin idedwithinthelimitsoferrorinmeasurement
with those ages derived from the same samples, taken in ma ro amounts. Small
rejuvenationforthemi ro-testsis ausedby omparativelymostba kgrounde e t
stipulated by the osmi radiation. These deviations an be taken into a ount
subsequenttothe omplex omparative he king, in ludingmathemati al statisti s
are arriedout.
Con lusions.Complexte hnologyhasbeendesignedwiththepurposeoffossil
bones mi ro-samples dating, whi h has shownreliability of high degree for
resul-tingdating.Allthestageofnewte hnologyhadpassedall-roundinspe tionforthe
onvergen e of resultswith respe tto thetraditional methods.Represented
te h-nologyallowsgettingreliable resultsforthosekindsofsamples,whi h ouldbenot
datedearlierbytraditionalmethod.
AO { Arkheologi heskiyeotkrytya,Moskva.
AJA { Ameri anJournalofAr haeology,NewYork.
BPS { Balti -Ponti Studies,Pozna«.
EA { EurasiaAntiqua,Berlin.
FPP { Folia Praehistori a Posnaniensia,Pozna«.
KSIA { Kratkiyesoobsh heniyaInstitutaArkheologii,Moskva.
KSIAANUSSR { Kratkiye soobsh heniya Instituta Arkheologii AN USSR,
Kiev.
KSIIMK { Kratkiye soobsh heniya Instituta Istorii Materialnoy
kul-tury,Moskva.
KSOGAM { Kratkie Soobsh heniya OdesskogoGosudarstvennogo
Ar-kheologi heskogoMuzeya,Odessa.
MIA { Materialy iissledovaniyapoarkheologii,Moskva.
NAIANANU { NaukovyArkhivInstitutaArkheologiiNa ionalnoi
Akade-mii NaukUkrainu, Kiev.
SA { SovetskayaArkheologia, Moskva.
SpA { SprawozdaniaAr heologi zne, Kraków.
ZFA { Zeits hriftf urAr haologie,Berlin.
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IvanI.Chernyakov
InstituteofAr haeology
UkrainianA ademyofS ien es
GeroivStalingrada12
254655Kiev
Ukraine
ElkeKaiser
Seminarf urUr-undFrehgesi hte
FreieUniversitatBerlin
Altensteinstrae15
14195Berlin
Germany
ViktorI.Klo hko
InstituteofAr haeology
UkrainianA ademyofS ien es
GeroivStalingrada12
254655Kiev
Ukraine
AleksanderKo±ko
InstituteofPrehistory
AdamMi kiewi zUniversity
±w.Mar in78
61-809Pozna«
Poland
E-mail:koskomman.poznan .pl
NikolayN.Kovalyukh
DepartmentofEnvironmentalRadiogemistry
InstituteofGeo hemistry
andPhysi sofMinerals
UkrainianA ademyofS ien es
Palladina34
252142Kiev
Ukraine
VladimirA.Kruts
InstituteofAr haeology
UkrainianA ademyofS ien es
GeroivStalingrada12
254655Kiev
Ukraine
MykolaN.Kryvaltsevi h
InstituteofHistory
A ademyofS ien esofBelarus
F.Skaryna1
Minsk220072
VadimL.L akiza
InstituteofHistory
A ademyofS ien esofBelarus
F.Skaryna1
Minsk220072
Belarus
JanMa hnik
InstituteofAr haeologyandEtnology
PolishA ademyofS ien es
Sªawkowska19
31-016Kraków
Poland
SergeyV.Nazarov
DepartmentofEnvironmentalRadiogemistry
InstituteofGeo hemistry
andPhysi sofMinerals
UkrainianA ademyofS ien es
Palladina34
252142Kiev
Ukraine
AllaV.Nikolova
InstituteofAr haeology
UkrainianA ademyofS ien es
GeroivStalingrada12
254655Kiev
Ukraine
VadimV.Skripkin
DepartmentofEnvironmentalRadiogemistry
InstituteofGeo hemistry
andPhysi sofMinerals
UkrainianA ademyofS ien es
Palladina34
252142Kiev
Ukraine
MarzenaSzmyt
InstituteofEasternStudies
AdamMi kiewi zUniversity
Nowowiejskiego55
61-734Pozna«
Poland
E-mail:marzenamain.am u.e du. pl
MihailoY.Videiko
InstituteofAr haeology
UkrainianA ademyofS ien es
Vydubi kaya40
252014Kiev
Vol.2:NomadismandPastoralismintheCir leofBalti {Ponti EarlyAgrarian
Cultures: 5000{1650B C,editedbyAleksanderKo±ko
Vol.3: CemeteriesoftheSo evkatype:2950{2750B C, editedbyAleksander
Ko±ko
Vol.4: Eastern Exodus of the Globular Amphora People: 2950 - 2350 B C,
editedbyAleksanderKo±ko.
Vol.5: BeyondBalkanization,edited byLu ynaDoma«ska,KenJa obs and
Aleksander Ko±ko.
Vol.6:TheTrz inie AreaoftheEarlyBronzeAgeCivilization:1950{1200B C,
editedbyAleksanderKo±ko.
Orders regardingB-PS should beadressed dire tlyto theEditorialOÆ e
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