Widok Sylwetki kobiet w prozie Ludmiły Ulickiej w aspekcie genderowym

ɋɂɅɍɗɌɕ ɀȿɇɓɂɇ ȼ ɉɊɈɁȿ ɅɘȾɆɂɅɕ ɍɅɂɐɄɈɃ ȼ ȽȿɇȾȿɊɇɈɆ ȺɋɉȿɄɌȿ

WOMEN’S PROFILES IN THE PROSE OF LUDMILA ULITSKAYA FROM A GENDER PERSPECTIVE

əɇȺ ɇɈȼȺɄɈȼɋɄȺ

ABSTRACT. The main female characters in Ludmila Ulitskaya’s stories are mostly “little women” – residents of communal areas and outcasts of society – those who are now called marginal. In general, the writer presents a reflection on the complexity of the spiritual path a woman goes through in search of her individual self and identity in the social and cultural space. Ulitskaya reveals to the readers her profiles of women of the Soviet era who are placed in a pseudo-egalitarian gender system, and that is why they fight for identity, feeling that Soviet society is not their native and natural sphere of existence.

Jana Nowakowska, Uniwersytet im. Adama Mickiewicza, PoznaĔ – Polska.

ȼ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɟ ɩɨɥɢɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɢ ɨɛɳɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɯ ɩɨɬɪɹɫɟɧɢɣ, ɩɪɨɢɡɨɲɟɞɲɢɯ ɜ Ɋɨɫɫɢɢ ɜ ɤɨɧɰɟ ɏɏ ɢ ɧɚɱɚɥɟ ɏɏI ɜɟɤɚ, ɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɧɚɹ ɫɢɬɭɚɰɢɹ ɜ ɫɬɪɚɧɟ ɡɚɦɟɬ-ɧɨ ɢɡɦɟɧɢɥɚɫɶ. Ɉɞɧɢɦ ɢɡ ɫɚɦɵɯ ɹɪɤɢɯ ɹɜɥɟɧɢɣ ɜ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɢ ɥɢɬɟɪɚɬɭɪɵ ɫɬɚɥɚ ɚɤɬɢɜɧɚɹ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ ɠɟɧɳɢɧ-ɩɢɫɚɬɟɥɶɧɢɰ, ɚ ɢɯ ɩɪɨɡɚɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɟɞɟɧɢɹ ɫɬɚɥɢ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɧɨɣ ɨɫɨɛɟɧɧɨɫɬɶɸ ɫɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɨɣ ɪɭɫɫɤɨɣ ɥɢɬɟɪɚɬɭɪɵ. Ȼɟɡɭɫɥɨɜ-ɧɨ, ɫɪɟɞɢ ɝɥɚɜɧɵɯ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɢɬɟɥɶɧɢɰ ɞɚɧɧɨɝɨ ɥɢɬɟɪɚɬɭɪɧɨɝɨ ɹɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɜ Ɋɨɫ-ɫɢɢ, ɫɥɟɞɭɟɬ ɨɬɦɟɬɢɬɶ Ʌɸɞɦɢɥɭ ɍɥɢɰɤɭɸ1 . Ƚɥɚɜɧɵɟ ɬɟɦɵ ɬɜɨɪɱɟɫɬɜɚ ɍɥɢɰɤɨɣ – ɷɬɨ ɱɚɫɬɧɚɹ ɠɢɡɧɶ ɝɟɪɨɟɜ ɢ ɫɟɦɟɣ-ɧɵɟ ɢɫɬɨɪɢɢ. Ʉɪɢɬɢɤɢ ɨɬɦɟɱɚɸɬ, ɱɬɨ ɩɢɫɚɬɟɥɶɧɢɰɚ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɦɚɫɬɟɪɨɦ ɛɵɬɨ-ɩɢɫɚɧɢɹ ɫɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɨɣ ɪɭɫɫɤɨɣ ɥɢɬɟɪɚɬɭɪɵ. ɍɥɢɰɤɚɹ ɧɚɩɨɥɧɹɟɬ ɦɢɪ ɫɜɨɢɯ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɟɞɟɧɢɣ ɛɵɬɨɜɵɦɢ ɞɟɬɚɥɹɦɢ, ɩɨɞɪɨɛɧɨ ɨɩɢɫɵɜɚɟɬ ɠɢɥɵɟ ɩɨɦɟɳɟɧɢɹ, ________________ 1_{ɉɢɫɚɬɟɥɶɧɢɰɚ ɪɨɞɢɥɚɫɶ ɜ 1943 ɝɨɞɭ ɧɚ ɍɪɚɥɟ ɜɨ ɜɪɟɦɹ ɷɜɚɤɭɚɰɢɢ, ɜɵɪɨɫɥɚ ɜ Ɇɨɫɤɜɟ. Ɉɤɨɧɱɢɜ} ɛɢɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɮɚɤɭɥɶɬɟɬ ɆȽɍ, ɍɥɢɰɤɚɹ ɪɚɛɨɬɚɥɚ ɜ ɂɧɫɬɢɬɭɬɟ ɨɛɳɟɣ ɝɟɧɟɬɢɤɢ Ⱥɇ ɋɋɋɊ (1968–1970), ɚ ɩɨɡɠɟ ɡɚɜɟɞɨɜɚɥɚ ɥɢɬɟɪɚɬɭɪɧɨɣ ɱɚɫɬɶɸ Ʉɚɦɟɪɧɨɝɨ ɟɜɪɟɣɫɤɨɝɨ ɦɭɡɵɤɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɬɟɚɬɪɚ (1979–1982). ɋɜɨɣ ɬɜɨɪɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɩɭɬɶ ɨɧɚ ɧɚɱɚɥɚ ɞɨɜɨɥɶɧɨ ɩɨɡɞɧɨ. ɋ ɟɟ ɩɪɨɡɚɢɱɟɫɤɢɦ ɬɜɨɪɱɟɫɬɜɨɦ ɱɢɬɚɬɟɥɢ ɩɨɡɧɚ-ɤɨɦɢɥɢɫɶ ɜ 1989 ɝɨɞɭ, ɬɨɝɞɚ ɜ ɠɭɪɧɚɥɟ „Ɉɝɨɧɟɤ” ɩɨɹɜɢɥɫɹ ɤɨɪɨɬɤɢɣ ɪɚɫɫɤɚɡ. ȼ 2001 ɝɨɞɭ ɍɥɢɰɤɨɣ ɛɵɥɚ ɩɪɢɫɭɠɞɟɧɚ ɫɚɦɚɹ ɩɪɟɫɬɢɠɧɚɹ ɥɢɬɟɪɚɬɭɪɧɚɹ ɩɪɟɦɢɹ ɜ ɫɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɨɣ Ɋɨɫɫɢɢ – Ȼɭɤɟɪ-Smirnoff, ɚ ɜ 2004 ɨɧɚ ɛɵɥɚ ɧɚɡɜɚɧɚ ɥɭɱɲɟɣ ɩɢɫɚɬɟɥɶɧɢɰɟɣ ɝɨɞɚ. ɋɦ.: ɋ. ɑ ɭ ɩ ɪ ɢ ɧ ɢ ɧ, Ʌɸɞɦɢɥɚ ɍɥɢɰɤɚɹ, [ɜ:] ɉɢɫɚɬɟɥɢ Ɋɨɫɫɢɢ, ɩɨɞ ɪɟɞ. ɋ. ɑɭɩɪɢɧɢɧ, Ɇɨɫɤɜɚ 2003, ɫ. 276–278.

ɨɞɟɠɞɵ, ɩɢɳɭ, ɭɱɟɛɧɵɟ ɡɚɜɟɞɟɧɢɹ, ɦɟɫɬɚ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ ɝɟɪɨɟɜ. ȼɫɟɝɞɚ ɧɚɡɵɜɚɟɬ ɤɨɧ-ɤɪɟɬɧɵɟ ɭɥɢɰɵ, ɩɟɪɟɭɥɤɢ, ɩɥɨɳɚɞɢ, ɫɬɚɧɰɢɢ ɢ ɨɫɬɚɧɨɜɤɢ ɜ Ɇɨɫɤɜɟ, ɢɦɟɧɧɨ ɷɬɨɬ ɝɨɪɨɞ ɡɚɱɚɫɬɭɸ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɫɰɟɧɨɣ ɟɟ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɟɞɟɧɢɣ. Ⱦɚɧɧɨɟ ɪɟɚɥɢɫɬɢɱɟ-ɫɤɨɟ ɨɩɢɫɚɧɢɟ ɜɵɡɵɜɚɟɬ ɬɨɫɤɭ ɩɨ ɫɨɜɟɬɫɤɨɦɭ ɜɪɟɦɟɧɢ, ɧɟɫɦɨɬɪɹ ɧɚ ɬɨ, ɱɬɨ ɜ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɟɞɟɧɢɹɯ ɩɢɫɚɬɟɥɶɧɢɰɵ ɹɜɧɨ ɨɳɭɳɚɟɬɫɹ ɚɧɬɢɫɨɜɟɬɫɤɢɣ ɧɚɫɬɪɨɣ ɤɚɤ ɭ ɩɟɪɫɨɧɚɠɟɣ, ɬɚɤ ɢ ɭ ɫɚɦɨɝɨ ɚɜɬɨɪɚ2 . ɂɫɫɥɟɞɭɹ ɬɜɨɪɱɟɫɬɜɨ ɍɥɢɰɤɨɣ ɫ ɝɟɧɞɟɪɧɨɣ ɬɨɱɤɢ ɡɪɟɧɢɹ, ɫɥɟɞɭɟɬ ɨɛɪɚ-ɬɢɬɶ ɜɧɢɦɚɧɢɟ ɧɚ ɫɨɰɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɧɭɸ ɫɢɬɭɚɰɢɸ ɪɨɫɫɢɹɧɤɢ ɧɚ ɩɪɨɬɹɠɟɧɢɢ ɜɫɟɯ ɥɟɬ ɤɨɦɦɭɧɢɫɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɩɟɪɢɨɞɚ ɜ Ɋɨɫɫɢɢ. ɉɪɟɠɞɟ ɜɫɟɝɨ ɧɚ ɫɩɟɰɢɮɢɤɭ ɝɟɧ-ɞɟɪɧɨɣ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ3 _{ɞɨɜɨɟɧɧɨɝɨ, ɜɨɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɢ ɩɨɫɥɟɜɨɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɩɟɪɢɨɞɨɜ ɜ ɋɋɋɊ.} ɋɸɠɟɬɧɵɟ ɥɢɧɢɢ ɜ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɟɞɟɧɢɹɯ ɩɪɨɡɚɢɤɚ ɝɥɚɜɧɵɦ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɦ ɪɚɡɜɢɜɚɸɬɫɹ ɢɦɟɧɧɨ ɜ ɞɚɧɧɨɦ ɩɪɨɦɟɠɭɬɤɟ ɜɪɟɦɟɧɢ. ȼ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɟɞɟɧɢɹɯ ɩɢɫɚɬɟɥɶɧɢɰɵ ɨɬɫɭɬɫɬɜɭɟɬ ɞɚɬɢɪɨɜɤɚ ɫɨɛɵɬɢɣ, ɨɞɧɚɤɨ ɩɨɫɬɟɩɟɧɧɨ ɫɤɥɚɞɵɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɤɚɪɬɢɧɚ ɦɢɪɚ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɜɪɟɦɟɧɢ, ɩɨɫɤɨɥɶɤɭ ɚɜɬɨɪ ɯɭɞɨɠɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɯ ɬɟɤɫɬɨɜ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɟɬ ɧɟ ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɵɟ, ɧɨ ɢ ɩɪɟɞ-ɦɟɬɧɨ-ɛɵɬɨɜɵɟ ɞɟɬɚɥɢ („ɭɫɵ ɫɬɚɥɢɧɫɤɨɝɨ ɩɨɤɪɨɹ”, „ɜɚɪɲɚɜɫɤɢɣ ɩɨɪɬɧɨɣ ɩɚ-ɪɢɠɫɤɨɣ ɜɵɪɭɱɤɢ” ɢ ɬ.ɞ.)4 . ɂɬɚɤ, ɍɥɢɰɤɚɹ, ɭɤɚɡɵɜɚɹ ɤɨɧɟɰ ɬɪɢɞɰɚɬɵɯ ɝɨɞɨɜ ɢ ɩɪɟɞɡɧɚɦɟɧɨɜɚɧɢɹ ȼɬɨɪɨɣ ɦɢɪɨɜɨɣ ɜɨɣɧɵ, ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɹɟɬ ɠɟɧɳɢɧ, ɩɨɞɱɢ-ɧɟɧɧɵɯ ɩɚɬɪɢɚɪɯɚɬɧɨɣ ɜɥɚɫɬɢ ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɚ ɢ ɧɟɩɨɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɟɧɧɨ ɫɜɨɢɦ ɦɭɠɱɢ-ɧɚɦ. ȼ ɞɚɧɧɨɦ ɫɥɭɱɚɟ ɫɥɟɞɭɟɬ ɨɛɪɚɬɢɬɶ ɜɧɢɦɚɧɢɟ ɧɚ ɞɜɚ ɟɟ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɟɞɟɧɢɹ: ɑɭ-ɠɢɟ ɞɟɬɢ5ɢ ɋɨɧɟɱɤɚ6. Ɋɚɫɫɤɚɡ ɑɭɠɢɟ ɞɟɬɢ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɹɟɬ ɱɢɬɚɬɟɥɸ ɢɫɬɨɪɢɸ ɚɪɦɹɧɫɤɨɣ ɫɟɦɶɢ Ɉɝɚɧɟɫɹɧ. Ɉɞɧɨɣ ɢɡ ɝɥɚɜɧɵɯ ɝɟɪɨɢɧɶ ɞɚɧɧɨɝɨ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɟɞɟɧɢɹ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ Ɇɚɪɝɚ-ɪɢɬɚ, ɤɨɬɨɪɚɹ ɜɵɯɨɞɢɬ ɡɚɦɭɠ ɡɚ ɋɟɪɝɨ ɟɳɟ ɞɨ ɜɨɣɧɵ. Ɉɧɚ ɨɬɥɢɱɚɟɬɫɹ ɨɝɪɨɦ-ɧɨɣ ɫɚɦɨɨɬɜɟɪɠɟɧɧɨɫɬɶɸ ɢ ɩɪɟɞɚɧɧɨɫɬɶɸ ɫɜɨɟɦɭ ɦɭɠɭ, ɢɫɩɨɥɧɹɟɬ ɥɸɛɵɟ ɟɝɨ ɩɪɢɯɨɬɢ, ɜ ɬɨ ɠɟ ɜɪɟɦɹ ɧɟ ɨɫɨɡɧɚɟɬ ɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɭɸɳɟɝɨ ɧɟɪɚɜɟɧɫɬɜɚ ɩɨɥɨɜ ɫɨɰɢɚ-ɥɢɫɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɫɨɰɢɭɦɚ. Ⱦɥɹ Ɇɚɪɝɚɪɢɬɵ ɧɨɪɦɨɣ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɟɟ ɜɬɨɪɨɫɬɟɩɟɧɧɚɹ ɩɨ-ɡɢɰɢɹ ɜ ɞɨɦɚɲɧɟɣ ɝɟɧɞɟɪɧɨɣ ɫɮɟɪɟ, ɯɨɬɹ ɫɥɟɞɭɟɬ ɨɬɦɟɬɢɬɶ, ɱɬɨ ɩɨɫɥɟ ɫɜɚɞɶɛɵ ɨɧɢ ɩɨɫɟɥɢɥɢɫɶ ɜ ɤɜɚɪɬɢɪɟ ɟɟ ɪɨɞɢɬɟɥɟɣ. Ⱦɚɧɧɚɹ ɨɛɫɬɚɧɨɜɤɚ ɧɟ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɟɬ ________________ 2_{Ⱥ. ɐ ɭ ɪ ɤ ɚ ɧ, ȿɞɢɧɫɬɜɨ ɜ ɦɧɨɝɨɨɛɪɚɡɢɢ, ɢɥɢ ɧɚɪɨɞ ɢɡɛɪɚɧɧɵɣ, „ɋɬɚɪɨɟ} ɥɢɬɟɪɚɬɭɪ-ɧɨɟ ɨɛɨɡɪɟɧɢɟ” 2001, ʋ 2, ɫ 136–139. 3_{Ƚɟɧɞɟɪɧɚɹ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɚ – ɢɧɫɬɢɬɭɬɵ, ɩɨɜɟɞɟɧɢɟ ɢ ɫɨɰɢɚɥɶɧɵɟ ɜɡɚɢɦɨɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ} ɩɪɟɞɩɢɫɵ-ɜɚɸɬɫɹ ɜ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɢɟ ɫ ɩɨɥɨɦ. ɂɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɬɟɥɢ ɜɵɞɟɥɹɸɬ ɬɪɢ ɟɟ ɜɡɚɢɦɨɫɜɹɡɚɧɧɵɯ ɤɨɦɩɨɧɟɧɬɚ: ɫɨɰɢ-ɚɥɶɧɭɸ ɤɨɧɫɬɪɭɤɰɢɸ ɝɟɧɞɟɪɧɵɯ ɤɚɬɟɝɨɪɢɣ ɧɚ ɨɫɧɨɜɟ ɛɢɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɩɨɥɚ; ɩɨɥɨɜɨɟ ɪɚɡɞɟɥɟɧɢɟ ɬɪɭɞɚ, ɜ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɢɢ ɫ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɦ ɦɭɠɱɢɧɚɦ ɢ ɠɟɧɳɢɧɚɦ ɩɪɢɩɢɫɵɜɚɸɬɫɹ ɪɚɡɧɵɟ ɡɚɞɚɱɢ; ɫɨɰɢɚɥɶɧɭɸ ɪɟɝɭ-ɥɹɰɢɸ ɫɟɤɫɭɚɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ, ɩɨɡɢɬɢɜɧɨ ɨɰɟɧɢɜɚɸɳɭɸ ɨɞɧɢ ɮɨɪɦɵ ɫɟɤɫɭɚɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɢ ɧɟɝɚɬɢɜɧɨ – ɞɪɭɝɢɟ. ȿ.Ⱥ. Ɂ ɞ ɪ ɚ ɜ ɨ ɦ ɵ ɫ ɥ ɨ ɜ ɚ, Ⱥ.Ⱥ. Ɍ ɟ ɦ ɤ ɢ ɧ ɚ, Ƚɟɧɞɟɪɧɚɹ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɚ, [ɜ:] ɋɥɨɜɚɪɶ ɝɟɧɞɟɪɧɵɯ ɬɟɪ-ɦɢɧɨɜ, ɩɨɞ ɪɟɞ. Ⱥ.Ⱥ. Ⱦɟɧɢɫɨɜɨɣ, Ɇɨɫɤɜɚ 2002, http://www.owl.ru/gender/206.htm (05.05.2010). 4 ɏɭɞɨɠɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɟ ɧɨɜɚɬɨɪɫɬɜɨ Ʌɸɞɦɢɥɵ ɍɥɢɰɤɨɣ, [ɜ:] ɋɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɚɹ ɪɭɫɫɤɚɹ ɥɢɬɟ-ɪɚɬɭɪɚ, ɩɨɞ ɪɟɞ. ɂ.Ɇ. ɉɨɩɨɜɚ, Ɍ.ȼ. Ƚɭɛɚɧɨɜɚ, ȿ.ȼ. Ʌɸɛɟɡɧɚɹ, Ɍɚɦɛɨɜ 2008, ɫ. 41–44. 5_{Ʌ. ɍ ɥ ɢ ɰ ɤ ɚ ɹ, ɑɭɠɢɟ ɞɟɬɢ, [ɜ:] ɟɟ ɠɟ, Ⱦɟɜɨɱɤɢ, Ɇɨɫɤɜɚ 2007, ɫ. 44–76.} 6_{Ʌ. ɍ ɥ ɢ ɰ ɤ ɚ ɹ, ɋɨɧɟɱɤɚ, Ɇɨɫɤɜɚ 2009.}

ɞɥɹ ɧɟɟ ɬɪɭɞɧɨɫɬɟɣ ɢɥɢ ɧɟɩɪɢɹɬɧɨɫɬɟɣ, ɩɚɪɚɞɨɤɫɚɥɶɧɵɦ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɮɚɤɬ, ɱɬɨ ɢɦɟɧɧɨ ɬɚɤɨɟ ɩɨɥɨɠɟɧɢɟ ɩɪɢɞɚɟɬ ɟɣ ɠɢɡɧɟɧɧɵɯ ɫɢɥ ɢ ɞɟɥɚɟɬ ɟɟ ɫɱɚɫɬɥɢɜɨɣ. ȼ ɫɟɦɟɣɧɭɸ „ɢɞɢɥɥɢɸ” ɜɬɨɪɝɚɟɬɫɹ ɝɪɭɫɬɶ, ɫɜɹɡɚɧɧɚɹ ɫ ɬɟɦ, ɱɬɨ, ɧɟɫɦɨɬɪɹ ɧɚ ɫɬɚɪɚɧɢɹ ɨɛɟɢɯ ɫɭɩɪɭɝɨɜ, ɭ ɧɢɯ ɩɨ-ɩɪɟɠɧɟɦɭ ɧɟ ɛɵɥɨ ɞɟɬɟɣ. ȼɢɧɨɜɧɨɣ ɜɨ ɜɫɟɦ ɫɱɢɬɚɟɬ ɫɟɛɹ Ɇɚɪɝɚɪɢɬɚ. ȿɟ ɫɚɦɨɱɭɜɫɬɜɢɟ ɤɨɫɜɟɧɧɨ ɫɜɹɡɚɧɨ ɫ ɫɨɰɢɚɥɢɫɬɢɱɟ-ɫɤɨɣ ɩɪɨɩɚɝɚɧɞɨɣ, ɫɬɚɜɹɳɟɣ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɧɵɟ ɬɪɟɛɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɪɨɫɫɢɹɧɤɚɦ, ɬɚɤ ɤɚɤ ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɦ ɞɨɥɝɨɦ ɤɚɠɞɨɣ ɡɚɦɭɠɧɟɣ ɠɟɧɳɢɧɵ ɛɵɥɨ ɪɨɠɞɟɧɢɟ ɞɟɬɟɣ7 : Ɍɚɤ ɩɪɨɲɥɨ ɧɟɫɤɨɥɶɤɨ ɥɟɬ, ɢ ɫɱɚɫɬɶɟ ɧɟɫɤɨɥɶɤɨ ɨɬɭɦɚɧɢɥɨɫɶ: ɨɧ ɠɚɠɞɚɥ ɞɟɬɟɣ, ɧɨ ɞɢ-ɬɹ, ɧɟɜɡɢɪɚɹ ɧɚ ɟɝɨ ɭɫɟɪɞɧɵɟ ɬɪɭɞɵ, ɧɟ ɡɚɜɹɡɵɜɚɥɨɫɶ. ɍɬɨɦɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɟ ɢ ɛɟɫɩɥɨɞɧɨɟ ɨɠɢɞɚ-ɧɢɟ ɫɞɟɥɚɥɨ ɟɝɨ, ɱɟɥɨɜɟɤɚ ɨɬ ɩɪɢɪɨɞɵ ɫɞɟɪɠɚɧɧɨɝɨ, ɭɝɪɸɦɵɦ, ɚ Ɇɚɪɝɚɪɢɬɚ, ɪɚɡɞɟɥɹɹ ɬɨɫɤɭ ɦɭɠɚ ɩɨ ɩɨɬɨɦɫɬɜɭ, ɱɭɜɫɬɜɨɜɚɥɚ ɫɜɨɸ ɧɟɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɧɭɸ ɜɢɧɭ8 . ɋɸɠɟɬ ɩɨɜɟɫɬɢ ɋɨɧɟɱɤɚ ɪɚɡɜɟɪɬɵɜɚɟɬɫɹ, ɝɥɚɜɧɵɦ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɦ, ɜ ɩɨɫɥɟɜɨɟɧ-ɧɵɣ ɩɟɪɢɨɞ. Ɉɞɧɚɤɨ ɫɬɨɢɬ ɨɛɪɚɬɢɬɶ ɜɧɢɦɚɧɢɟ ɢ ɧɚ ɬɨɬ ɤɪɚɬɤɢɣ ɨɬɪɟɡɨɤ ɜɪɟ-ɦɟɧɢ ɞɨ ɜɨɣɧɵ, ɤɨɝɞɚ ɝɥɚɜɧɚɹ ɝɟɪɨɢɧɹ ɜɡɪɨɫɥɟɥɚ ɢ ɡɧɚɤɨɦɢɥɚɫɶ ɫ ɤɧɢɝɚɦɢ, ɩɪɟɠɞɟ ɜɫɟɝɨ, ɫ ɪɭɫɫɤɨɣ ɥɢɬɟɪɚɬɭɪɨɣ. ȼ ɞɚɧɧɨɦ ɩɨɜɟɫɬɜɨɜɚɧɢɢ ɤɚɠɭɬɫɹ ɫɨ-ɛɥɸɞɟɧɧɵɦɢ ɜɫɟ ɤɨɨɪɞɢɧɚɬɵ ɩɚɬɪɢɚɪɯɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɨ ɪɚɡɞɟɥɟɧɢɢ ɪɨɥɟɣ ɜ ɫɟɦɶɟ ɟɟ ɪɨɞɢɬɟɥɟɣ, ɚ ɩɨɡɠɟ – ɟɟ ɢ Ɋɨɛɟɪɬɚ (ɛɭɞɭɳɟɝɨ ɦɭɠɚ ɋɨɧɟɱɤɢ), ɬ.ɟ. ɠɟɧɳɢɧɚ – ɩɨɤɨɹɳɚɹɫɹ, ɩɢɬɚɸɳɚɹ, ɞɚɸɳɚɹ ɢ ɦɭɠɱɢɧɚ – ɫɨɜɟɪɲɟɧɧɚɹ ɟɟ ɩɪɨɬɢɜɨɩɨɥɨɠɧɨɫɬɶ9 . ɇɨ ɜɫɟ ɠɟ, ɜ ɞɨɜɨɟɧɧɵɣ ɩɟɪɢɨɞ ɝɥɚɜɧɚɹ ɝɟɪɨɢɧɹ ɜ ɤɚ-ɤɨɣ-ɬɨ ɫɬɟɩɟɧɢ ɨɬɫɬɪɚɧɟɧɚ ɨɬ ɫɨɜɟɬɫɤɨɣ ɪɟɚɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɬɪɢɞɰɚɬɵɯ ɝɨɞɨɜ. ɋɨ-ɧɟɱɤɚ ɩɪɟɠɞɟ ɜɫɟɝɨ „ɤɧɢɝɨɱɟɣɤɚ”, ɠɢɜɭɳɚɹ ɫɤɨɪɟɟ ɜ ɥɢɬɟɪɚɬɭɪɧɨɦ, ɧɟɠɟɥɢ ɜ ɨɛɵɱɧɨɦ ɡɟɦɧɨɦ ɦɢɪɟ10 : Ⱥ ɋɨɧɟɱɤɚ, ɤɨɟ-ɤɚɤ ɜɵɭɱɢɜ ɭɪɨɤɢ, ɤɚɠɞɨɞɧɟɜɧɨ ɢ ɟɠɟɦɢɧɭɬɧɨ ɭɜɢɥɢɜɚɥɚ ɨɬ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢ-ɦɨɫɬɢ ɠɢɬɶ ɜ ɩɚɬɟɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɢ ɤɪɢɤɥɢɜɵɯ ɬɪɢɞɰɚɬɵɯ ɝɨɞɚɯ ɢ ɩɚɫɥɚ ɫɜɨɸ ɞɭɲɭ ɧɚ ɩɪɨɫɬɨɪɚɯ ɜɟɥɢɤɨɣ ɪɭɫɫɤɨɣ ɥɢɬɟɪɚɬɭɪɵ11 . ɋɨɡɞɚɟɬɫɹ ɜɩɟɱɚɬɥɟɧɢɟ, ɱɬɨ ɚɜɬɨɪ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɟɞɟɧɢɹ, ɫɨɡɧɚɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɩɨɦɟɳɚɟɬ ɫɜɨɸ ɝɟɪɨɢɧɸ ɜ ɧɟɪɟɚɥɶɧɨɦ ɩɪɨɫɬɪɚɧɫɬɜɟ ɥɢɬɟɪɚɬɭɪɧɵɯ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɟɞɟɧɢɣ, ɨ ɤɨ-ɬɨɪɵɯ ɨɧɚ ɞɭɦɚɥɚ ɢ ɫ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɦɢ ɨɧɚ ɩɪɟɛɵɜɚɥɚ ɜɨ ɫɧɟ ɢ ɧɚɹɜɭ. ȼ ɫɜɹɡɢ ɫ ɷɬɢɦ ɦɨɠɧɨ ɩɪɟɞɩɨɥɨɠɢɬɶ, ɱɬɨ ɋɨɧɟɱɤɚ ɧɟ ɠɢɜɟɬ ɜ ɫɨɜɟɬɫɤɨɣ ɝɟɧɞɟɪɧɨɣ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɟ, ɚ ɫɤɪɵɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɨɬ ɧɟɟ ɜ ɩɵɥɶɧɨɦ ɩɨɞɜɚɥɟ ɛɢɛɥɢɨɬɟɤɢ, ɤɨɬɨɪɚɹ ɫɬɚɧɨɜɢɬɫɹ ɟɟ ɭɛɟɠɢɳɟɦ ɨɬ ɫɨɜɟɬɫɤɨɝɨ, ɱɭɠɞɨɝɨ ɟɣ, ɫɨɰɢɭɦɚ: Ɉɧɚ ɨɤɨɧɱɢɥɚ ɛɢɛɥɢɨɬɟɱɧɵɣ ɬɟɯɧɢɤɭɦ, ɫɬɚɥɚ ɪɚɛɨɬɚɬɶ ɜ ɩɨɞɜɚɥɶɧɨɦ ɯɪɚɧɢɥɢɳɟ ɫɬɚ-ɪɨɣ ɛɢɛɥɢɨɬɟɤɢ ɢ ɛɵɥɚ ɨɞɧɢɦ ɢɡ ɪɟɞɤɢɯ ɫɱɚɫɬɥɢɜɰɟɜ, ɫ ɥɟɝɤɨɣ ɛɨɥɶɸ ɩɪɟɪɜɚɧɧɨɝɨ ɧɚɫɥɚɠ-ɞɟɧɢɹ ɩɨɤɢɞɚɸɳɢɯ ɜ ɤɨɧɰɟ ɪɚɛɨɱɟɝɨ ɞɧɹ ɫɜɨɣ ɩɵɥɶɧɵɣ ɢ ɞɭɲɧɵɣ ɩɨɞɜɚɥ12 . ________________ 7_{ȿ.Ⱥ. Ɂ ɞ ɪ ɚ ɜ ɨ ɦ ɵ ɫ ɥ ɨ ɜ ɚ, Ⱥ.Ⱥ. Ɍ ɟ ɦ ɤ ɢ ɧ ɚ, Ƚɟɧɞɟɪɧɚɹ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɚ, ɭɤɚɡ. ɫɨɱ., ɫ. 5–13.} 8_{Ʌ. ɍ ɥ ɢ ɰ ɤ ɚ ɹ, ɑɭɠɢɟ ɞɟɬɢ, ɭɤɚɡ. ɫɨɱ., ɫ. 52.}

9_{Ʉ. ɉ ɚ ɪ ɧ ɟ ɥ ɶ, Ʉ ɜɨɩɪɨɫɭ ɨ „ɞɪɭɝɨɦ” ɜ ɠɟɧɫɤɨɣ ɩɪɨɡɟ. KsiąĪki nieznane, ksiąĪki} za-pomniane…, Katowice 1999, ɫ. 136–149.

10_{ȿ. ɓ ɟ ɝ ɥ ɨ ɜ ɚ, ɍɥɢɰɤɚɹ ɢ ɟɟ ɦɢɪ, „ɇɟɜɚ” 2003, ʋ 7, ɫ. 185.} 11_{Ʌ. ɍ ɥ ɢ ɰ ɤ ɚ ɹ, ɋɨɧɟɱɤɚ, ɭɤɚɡ. ɫɨɱ., ɫ. 8–9.}

ɏɭɞɨɠɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɣ ɦɢɪ ɜ ɩɨɜɟɫɬɢ ɋɨɧɟɱɤɚ – ɷɬɨ ɡɚɩɨɜɟɞɧɢɤ „ɩɪɢɧɰɢɩɢɚɥɶ-ɧɨɣ ɢɧɮɚɧɬɢɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ”, ɰɚɪɫɬɜɨ „ɷɥɶɮɨɜ […] ɢɝɪɚɸɳɢɯ, ɩɨɪɯɚɸɳɢɯ, ɜɟɱɧɨ ɸɧɵɯ, ɫ ɩɪɨɡɪɚɱɧɵɦɢ, ɬ.ɟ. ɧɟɡɚɩɨɥɧɟɧɧɵɦɢ ɬɟɥɚɦɢ”13 , ɜ ɤɨɬɨɪɨɦ ɨɛɢɬɚɟɬ ɝɥɚɜɧɚɹ ɝɟɪɨɢɧɹ. Ɍɨɥɱɤɨɦ, ɜɵɛɢɜɚɸɳɢɦ ɋɨɧɸ ɢɡ ɟɟ ɥɢɬɟɪɚɬɭɪɧɵɯ ɝɪɟɡ, ɫɬɚɥɚ ɜɨɣɧɚ, ɨɬɨɛɪɚɜɲɚɹ ɟɣ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɫɬɶ ɩɨɫɬɭɩɚɬɶ ɧɚ ɮɢɥɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɮɚɤɭɥɶɬɟɬ ɜ ɦɨɫɤɨɜɫɤɢɣ ɜɭɡ. ɋɬɨɥɤɧɨɜɟɧɢɟ ɫ ɬɪɚɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɦɢ ɢ ɬɹɠɟɥɵɦɢ ɫɨɪɨɤɨɜɵɦɢ ɝɨɞɚɦɢ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɫɢɥɶɧɟɣɲɢɦ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɦ ɢɡɦɟɧɢɥɢ ɩɭɬɶ ɢɫɬɨɪɢɢ, ɚ ɩɪɟɠɞɟ ɜɫɟɝɨ ɱɟɥɨɜɟɱɟɫɤɨɟ ɫɨɡɧɚɧɢɟ, ɧɚ ɋɨɧɟɱɤɭ ɩɨɜɥɢɹɥɢ ɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɢɦ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɦ: ȼɨɡɦɨɠɧɨ, ɷɬɨ ɛɵɥɨ ɩɟɪɜɨɟ ɫɨɛɵɬɢɟ ɡɚ ɜɫɸ ɟɟ ɦɨɥɨɞɭɸ ɠɢɡɧɶ, ɤɨɬɨɪɨɟ ɜɵɬɨɥɤɧɭɥɨ ɟɟ ɢɡ ɬɭɦɚɧɧɨɝɨ ɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɹ ɧɟɩɪɟɫɬɚɧɧɨɝɨ ɱɬɟɧɢɹ, ɜ ɤɨɬɨɪɨɦ ɨɧɚ ɩɪɟɛɵɜɚɥɚ. ȼɦɟɫɬɟ ɫ ɨɬɰɨɦ, ɪɚɛɨɬɚɸɳɢɦ ɜ ɬɟ ɝɨɞɵ ɜ ɢɧɫɬɪɭɦɟɧɬɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɦɚɫɬɟɪɫɤɨɣ, ɨɧɚ ɛɵɥɚ ɷɜɚɤɭɢɪɨɜɚɧɚ ɜ ɋɜɟɪɞ-ɥɨɜɫɤ, ɝɞɟ ɨɱɟɧɶ ɫɤɨɪɨ ɨɤɚɡɚɥɚɫɶ ɜ ɟɞɢɧɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɦ ɧɚɞɟɠɧɨɦ ɦɟɫɬɨɨɛɢɬɚɧɢɢ – ɜ ɛɢɛɥɢɨɬɟɤɟ, ɜ ɩɨɞɜɚɥɟ14 . ɍɥɢɰɤɚɹ ɫɧɨɜɚ ɩɪɹɱɟɬ ɫɜɨɸ ɝɟɪɨɢɧɸ ɨɬ ɫɨɜɟɬɫɤɨɣ ɪɟɚɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ, ɧɨ ɧɚ ɷɬɨɬ ɪɚɡ ɧɟ ɜ ɦɨɫɤɨɜɫɤɨɦ, ɚ ɫɜɟɪɞɥɨɜɫɤɨɦ ɤɧɢɝɨɯɪɚɧɢɥɢɳɟ. Ʉɚɠɟɬɫɹ, ɱɬɨ ɋɨɧɟɱɤɚ ɞɚɥɟɤɨ ɨɬ ɫɨɜɟɬɫɤɨɣ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ, ɬ.ɟ. ɨɧɚ ɧɟ ɜɥɚɫɬɜɭɟɬ ɧɚɞ ɝɟɪɨɢɧɟɣ, ɤɨɬɨɪɚɹ ɨɛɪɚɬɧɨ ɩɨɩɚɞɚɟɬ ɜ ɥɢɬɟɪɚɬɭɪɧɨɟ ɨɧɟɣɪɨɢɞɧɨɟ ɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɟ. Ɉɞɧɚɤɨ ɩɪɨɢɫɯɨɞɢɬ ɧɟɨɠɢɞɚɧɧɨɟ – ɨɞɧɚɠɞɵ, ɩɨ ɩɪɢɱɢɧɟ ɛɨɥɟɡɧɢ ɫɜɨɟɣ ɤɨɥɥɟɝɢ, ɋɨɧɟɱɤɚ ɡɚɦɟɧɹ-ɥɚ ɟɟ ɧɚ ɜɵɞɚɱɟ ɤɧɢɝ, ɢ ɬɨɝɞɚ ɩɨɡɧɚɤɨɦɢɡɚɦɟɧɹ-ɥɚɫɶ ɫ Ɋɨɛɟɪɬɨɦ ȼɢɤɬɨɪɨɜɢɱɟɦ, ɫɜɨ-ɢɦ ɛɭɞɭɳɫɜɨ-ɢɦ ɦɭɠɟɦ. ɂɯ ɩɟɪɜɵɟ ɝɨɞɵ ɫɨɜɦɟɫɬɧɨɣ ɠɢɡɧɢ ɩɪɨɯɨɞɹɬ ɜ ɷɜɚɤɭɚɰɢɢ ɜ ɋɜɟɪɞɥɨɜɫɤɟ. ɋɭɩɪɭɝɢ ɠɢɜɭɬ ɜɨɡɥɟ ɪɨɞɢɬɟɥɟɣ ɋɨɧɟɱɤɢ. Ƚɥɚɜɧɚɹ ɝɟɪɨɢɧɹ ɩɨɜɟɫɬɢ, ɜɵɣɞɹ ɡɚɦɭɠ ɡɚ Ɋɨɛɟɪɬɚ, ɨɬɫɬɚɜɥɹɟɬ ɜ ɫɬɨɪɨɧɟ ɪɭɫɫɤɭɸ ɥɢɬɟɪɚɬɭɪɭ, ɤɨɬɨɪɭɸ, ɤɚɤ ɨɤɚɡɚɥɨɫɶ, ɟɟ ɦɭɠ ɧɟ ɩɟɪɟɧɨɫɢɬ. Ɋɨɛɟɪɬ, ɧɚɯɨɞɹɳɢɣɫɹ ɜ ɫɫɵɥɤɟ, „ɩɨɥɭɱɚɟɬ ɩɪɟɞɩɢɫɚɧɢɟ ɧɟɦɟɞɥɟɧɧɨ ɜɟɪɧɭɬɶɫɹ ɜ ɛɚɲɤɢɪɫɤɨɟ ɫɟɥɨ Ⱦɚɜɥɟɤɚɧɨ-ɜɨ”15 . ɋɨɧɟɱɤɚ ɡɚ ɦɟɫɹɰ ɞɨ ɪɨɠɞɟɧɢɹ ɪɟɛɟɧɤɚ ɜɵɧɭɠɞɟɧɚ ɩɨɤɢɧɭɬɶ ɪɨɞɢɬɟɥɟɣ ɢ ɨɬɩɪɚɜɢɬɶɫɹ ɫ ɦɭɠɟɦ ɜ ɨɬɞɚɥɟɧɧɵɟ ɦɟɫɬɚ ɋɋɋɊ, ɢɫɩɨɥɧɹɹ ɫɭɩɪɭɠɟɫɤɢɣ ɞɨɥɝ. ȼ Ⱦɚɜɥɟɤɚɧɨɜɨ ɋɨɧɟɱɤɚ ɪɨɞɢɥɚ ɞɨɱɤɭ Ɍɚɧɸ. ɂɦɟɧɧɨ ɫ ɷɬɨɝɨ ɦɨɦɟɧɬɚ ɝɥɚɜɧɚɹ ɝɟɪɨɢɧɹ ɫɬɚɧɨɜɢɬɫɹ ɨɞɧɨɣ ɢɡ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɧɵɯ ɫɨɜɟɬɫɤɨɣ ɝɟɧɞɟɪɧɨɣ ɫɢɫɬɟ-ɦɵ, ɡɚɤɥɸɱɚɹ ɫ ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɨɦ ɤɨɧɬɪɚɤɬ ɪɚɛɨɬɚɸɳɟɣ ɦɚɬɟɪɢ. ȼɨɣɧɚ ɡɚɤɨɧɱɢ-ɥɚɫɶ, ɫɟɦɶɹ ɜɫɟ ɜɪɟɦɹ ɩɟɪɟɟɡɠɚɥɚ ɢɡ Ⱥɥɟɤɫɚɧɞɪɨɜɚ ɜ Ʉɚɥɢɧɢɧ, ɩɨɬɨɦ ɜ ɉɭɲ-ɤɢɧɨ ɢ Ʌɢɨɧɚɡɨɜɨ, ɚ ɜɫɥɟɞ ɡɚ ɬɟɦ ɜɫɟ ɨɛɹɡɚɧɧɨɫɬɢ, ɤɚɤ ɜ ɞɨɦɚɲɧɟɣ ɫɮɟɪɟ, ɬɚɤ ɢ ɮɢɧɚɧɫɨɜɨɣ ɩɪɢɧɹɥɚ ɧɚ ɫɟɛɹ ɋɨɧɹ: „ɗɬɢ ɩɟɪɜɵɟ ɩɨɫɥɟɜɨɟɧɧɵɟ ɝɨɞɵ ɫɟɦɶɸ ɤɨɪɦɢɥɚ ɋɨɧɟɱɤɚ, ɭɧɚɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɜɲɚɹ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɧɫɤɭɸ ɲɜɟɣɧɭɸ ɦɚɲɢɧɭ”16 . ȼ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɟɞɟɧɢɹɯ ɍɥɢɰɤɨɣ ɧɚɢɛɨɥɟɟ ɲɢɪɨɤɨ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɟɧ ɩɨɫɥɟɜɨɟɧɧɵɣ ɩɟɪɢɨɞ. ȼ ɪɚɫɫɤɚɡɚɯ ɢɡ ɰɢɤɥɨɜ Ⱦɟɜɨɱɤɢ17 , Ȼɟɞɧɵɟ ɪɨɞɫɬɜɟɧɧɢɤɢ18 ɢ ɉɟɪɜɵɟ ________________ 13_{Ɉ. Ⱦ ɚ ɪ ɤ, Ȼɟɡ/ɫ ɛɟɫɨɜ: ɱɢɫɬɵɟ ɤɪɢɫɬɚɥɥɵ ɩɨɫɬɦɨɞɟɪɧɢɡɦɚ ɩɨɫɥɟ ɨɛɴɹɫɧɟɧɢɣ,} „ɇɟ-ɡɚɜɢɫɢɦɚɹ ɝɚɡɟɬɚ” 1994, ʋ 15 (26 ɹɧɜ.), ɫ. 7. 14_{Ʌ. ɍ ɥ ɢ ɰ ɤ ɚ ɹ, ɋɨɧɟɱɤɚ, ɭɤɚɡ. ɫɨɱ., ɫ. 10–11.} 15_{Ɍɚɦ ɠɟ, ɫ. 31.} 16_{Ɍɚɦ ɠɟ, ɫ. 45.} 17_{Ʌ. ɍ ɥ ɢ ɰ ɤ ɚ ɹ, Ⱦɟɜɨɱɤɢ, ɭɤɚɡ. ɫɨɱ.} 18_{Ʌ. ɍ ɥ ɢ ɰ ɤ ɚ ɹ, Ȼɟɞɧɵɟ ɪɨɞɫɬɜɟɧɧɢɤɢ, Ɇɨɫɤɜɚ 2007.}

ɢ ɩɨɫɥɟɞɧɢɟ19 ɩɢɫɚɬɟɥɶɧɢɰɚ ɪɚɫɤɪɵɜɚɟɬ ɫɨɜɟɬɫɤɭɸ ɝɟɧɞɟɪɧɭɸ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɭ: ɫɨ-ɰɢɚɥɶɧɭɸ ɤɨɧɫɬɪɭɤɰɢɸ ɝɟɧɞɟɪɧɵɯ ɤɚɬɟɝɨɪɢɣ ɧɚ ɨɫɧɨɜɟ ɛɢɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɩɨɥɚ, ɩɨɥɨɜɨɟ ɪɚɡɞɟɥɟɧɢɟ ɬɪɭɞɚ – ɜ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɢɢ ɫ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɦɢ ɦɭɠɱɢɧɟ ɢ ɠɟɧɳɢɧɟ ɩɪɢɩɢɫɵɜɚɸɬɫɹ ɪɚɡɧɵɟ ɡɚɞɚɱɢ, ɫɨɰɢɚɥɶɧɭɸ ɪɟɝɭɥɹɰɢɸ ɫɟɤɫɭɚɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ, ɩɨɡɢ-ɬɢɜɧɨ ɨɰɟɧɢɜɚɸɳɭɸ ɨɞɧɢ ɮɨɪɦɵ ɫɟɤɫɭɚɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɢ ɧɟɝɚɩɨɡɢ-ɬɢɜɧɨ – ɞɪɭɝɢɟ20 . Ⱦɥɹ ɫɨɜɟɬɫɤɨɝɨ ɫɨɰɢɚɥɢɡɦɚ ɛɵɥɨ ɡɚɮɢɤɫɢɪɨɜɚɧɨ ɨɛɳɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɟ ɪɚɡɞɟɥɟɧɢɟ ɬɪɭɞɚ ɩɨ ɩɪɢɡɧɚɤɭ ɩɨɥɚ, ɝɞɟ ɠɟɧɳɢɧɵ ɛɵɥɢ ɜ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɨɦ ɡɚɧɹɬɵ ɜ ɦɟɧɟɟ ɩɪɟɫɬɢɠɧɵɯ ɢ ɦɟɧɟɟ ɨɩɥɚɱɢɜɚɟɦɵɯ ɨɬɪɚɫɥɹɯ, ɫɜɹɡɚɧɧɵɯ ɫ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɟɣ ɫɨɰɢɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɡɚɛɨɬɵ21 . ȼ ɪɚɫɫɤɚɡɚɯ ɍɥɢɰɤɨɣ ɢ ɝɥɚɜɧɵɟ, ɢ „ɚɧɬɭɪɚɠɧɵɟ”22 _{ɝɟɪɨɢɧɢ ɧɟ ɡɚɧɢɦɚɸɬ} ɜɵ-ɫɨɤɨɩɨɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɧɵɟ ɢ ɜɵɫɨɤɨɨɩɥɚɱɢɜɚɟɦɵɟ ɞɨɥɠɧɨɫɬɢ. ɀɟɧɫɤɢɟ ɩɪɨɮɟɫɫɢɢ, ɧɚɢɛɨɥɟɟ ɩɨɩɭɥɹɪɧɵɟ ɜ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɟɞɟɧɢɹɯ ɩɢɫɚɬɟɥɶɧɢɰɵ, ɷɬɨ: ɭɛɨɪɳɢɰɚ, ɞɨɦɪɚ-ɛɨɬɧɢɰɚ, ɧɹɧɶɤɚ, ɲɜɟɹ, ɭɱɢɬɟɥɶɧɢɰɚ ɢ ɬ.ɩ. Ʉɚɪɶɟɪɚ ɋɢɦɤɢ – ɦɚɬɟɪɢ ɝɥɚɜɧɨɣ ɝɟɪɨɢɧɢ, ɤɨɬɨɪɚɹ ɧɚɱɚɥɚɫɶ ɟɳɟ ɞɨ ɜɨɣɧɵ ɢ ɞɥɢɥɚɫɶ ɨɤɨɥɨ ɫɨɪɨɤɚ ɥɟɬ, ɩɪɟɞ-ɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɚ ɜ ɪɚɫɫɤɚɡɟ Ȼɪɨɧɶɤɚ ɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɢɦ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɦ: ȼ ɤɚɪɶɟɪɟ ɟɟ ɬɨɠɟ ɧɚɛɥɸɞɚɥɫɹ ɟɫɥɢ ɧɟ ɜɡɥɟɬ, ɬɨ ɪɨɫɬ: ɨɧɚ ɩɨ-ɩɪɟɠɧɟɦɭ ɛɵɥɚ ɭɛɨɪɳɢ-ɰɟɣ, ɧɨ ɢɡ ɤɨɧɬɨɪɵ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɞɨɦɚɦɢ ɨɧɚ ɩɟɪɟɲɥɚ ɫɧɚɱɚɥɚ ɜ ɡɚɜɨɞɨɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɟ, ɚ ɩɨɬɨɦ ɭɠɟ ɩɟɪɟɞ ɫɚɦɨɣ ɜɨɣɧɨɣ ɟɟ ɜɡɹɥɢ ɜ ɇɚɪɤɨɦɡɞɪɚɜ23 . ɇɚ ɩɪɨɬɹɠɟɧɢɢ ɜɨɣɧɵ ɢ ɩɨɫɥɟ ɧɟɟ ɋɢɦɤɚ, ɦɚɬɶ ɝɥɚɜɧɨɣ ɝɟɪɨɢɧɢ, ɜ ɞɚɥɶ-ɧɟɣɲɟɦ ɪɚɛɨɬɚɥɚ ɭɛɨɪɳɢɰɟɣ. ȼ ɩɹɬɢɞɟɫɹɬɵɟ ɝɨɞɵ ɧɚɱɚɥɢ ɢɫɱɟɡɚɬɶ ɨɫɬɚɬɤɢ ɩɪɨɜɢɧɰɢɚɥɶɧɨɣ Ɇɨɫɤɜɵ, „ɫ ɧɟɦɨɳɟɧɵɦɢ ɞɜɨɪɚɦɢ, ɛɟɥɶɟɜɵɦɢ ɜɟɪɟɜɤɚɦɢ, ɧɚɬɹɧɭɬɵɦɢ ɦɟɠɞɭ ɫɬɚɪɵɯ ɬɨɩɨɥɟɣ”24 : ɉɨɬɨɦ ɧɚɫɬɚɥɢ ɧɨɜɵɟ ɜɪɟɦɟɧɚ. Ʉɚɡɚɥɨɫɶ, ɱɬɨ ɢɦɟɧɧɨ ɫ Ʉɨɬɹɲɤɢɧɨɣ ɞɟɪɟɜɧɢ ɨɧɢ ɢ ɧɚ-ɱɚɥɢɫɶ. ɏɨɞɢɥɢ ɫɥɭɯɢ, ɱɬɨ ɟɟ ɫɧɟɫɭɬ. ɋɢɦɤɚ, ɩɪɨɧɵɪɥɢɜɚɹ ɋɢɦɤɚ, ɟɳɟ ɡɚɝɨɞɹ ɭɫɬɪɨɢɥɚɫɶ ɪɚɛɨɬɚɬɶ ɜ ɪɚɣɫɩɨɥɤɨɦ ɭɛɨɪɳɢɰɟɣ […]25 . Ɉɛɪɚɡ ɋɢɦɤɢ ɦɨɠɧɨ ɪɚɫɫɦɨɬɪɟɬɶ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɜ ɤɨɧɬɟɤɫɬɟ ɤɨɧɬɪɚɤɬɚ ɪɚɛɨɬɚɸ-ɳɟɣ ɦɚɬɟɪɢ. Ɉɜɞɨɜɟɜɲɚɹ ɝɟɪɨɢɧɹ ɩɪɢɟɯɚɥɚ ɜ Ɇɨɫɤɜɭ ɪɚɞɢ ɫɜɨɟɣ ɞɨɱɟɪɢ. Ʉɚɤ ɦɚɬɶ Ȼɪɨɧɶɤɢ, ɜɫɟɦɢ ɫɢɥɚɦɢ ɫɬɚɪɚɟɬɫɹ ɞɨɛɢɬɶɫɹ ɠɢɡɧɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɛɥɚɝɨɩɨɥɭɱɢɹ ɢ ɭɞɨɛɫɬɜɚ ɞɥɹ ɫɜɨɟɝɨ ɱɚɞɚ: ________________ 19_{Ʌ. ɍ ɥ ɢ ɰ ɤ ɚ ɹ, ɉɟɪɜɵɟ ɢ ɩɨɫɥɟɞɧɢɟ, Ɇɨɫɤɜɚ 2007.} 20_{ȿ.Ⱥ. Ɂ ɞ ɪ ɚ ɜ ɨ ɦ ɵ ɫ ɥ ɨ ɜ ɚ, Ⱥ.Ⱥ. Ɍ ɟ ɦ ɤ ɢ ɧ ɚ, Ƚɟɧɞɟɪɧɚɹ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɚ, ɭɤɚɡ. ɫɨɱ.,} http://www.owl.ru/gender/206.htm (05.05.2010). 21_{ȿ.Ⱥ. Ɂ ɞ ɪ ɚ ɜ ɨ ɦ ɵ ɫ ɥ ɨ ɜ ɚ, Ⱥ.Ⱥ. Ɍ ɟ ɦ ɤ ɢ ɧ ɚ, ɋɨɰɢɚɥɶɧɚɹ ɤɨɧɫɬɪɭɤɰɢɹ ɝɟɧɞɟɪɚ} ɢ ɝɟɧɞɟɪɧɚɹ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɚ ɜ Ɋɨɫɫɢɢ, [ɜ:] Ƚɟɧɞɟɪɧɨɟ ɢɡɦɟɪɟɧɢɟ ɫɨɰɢɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɢ ɩɨɥɢɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɚɤɬɢɜ-ɧɨɫɬɢ ɜ ɩɟɪɟɯɨɞɧɵɣ ɩɟɪɢɨɞ. ɋɛɨɪɧɢɤ ɫɬɚɬɟɣ, ɩɨɞ ɪɟɞ. ȿ.Ⱥ. Ɂɞɪɚɜɨɦɵɫɥɨɜɨɣ ɢ Ⱥ.Ⱥ. Ɍɟɦɤɢ-ɧɨɣ, ɋɚɧɤɬ-ɉɟɬɟɪɛɭɪɝ 1996, ɫ. 5–13. 22_{ȿ.ɘ. Ⱥ ɮ ɨ ɧ ɢ ɧ ɚ, „Ⱦɟɜɨɱɤɢ” Ʌɸɞɦɢɥɵ ɍɥɢɰɤɨɣ – ɚɜɬɨɪɫɤɢɣ ɩɪɨɡɚɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɰɢɤɥ} ɜ ɫɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɨɣ ɪɭɫɫɤɨɣ ɥɢɬɟɪɚɬɭɪɟ, „ɀɚɧɪɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɫɛɨɪɧɢɤ” 2004, ʋ 1, ɫ.127. 23_{Ʌ. ɍ ɥ ɢ ɰ ɤ ɚ ɹ, Ȼɪɨɧɶɤɚ, [ɜ:] ɟɟ ɠɟ, Ȼɟɞɧɵɟ ɪɨɞɫɬɜɟɧɧɢɤɢ, ɭɤɚɡ. ɫɨɱ., ɫ. 40.} 24_{Ɍɚɦ ɠɟ, ɫ. 57.} 25_{Ɍɚɦ ɠɟ, ɫ. 56.}

ȼ ɪɚɛɨɬɟ ɨɧɚ ɛɵɥɚ ɚɡɚɪɬɧɚ ɢ ɧɟɭɬɨɦɢɦɚ, ɧɚɱɢɧɚɥɚ ɫɜɨɣ ɪɚɛɨɱɢɣ ɞɟɧɶ ɜ ɲɟɫɬɶ ɱɚɫɨɜ ɭɬɪɚ ɧɚ ɤɚɡɟɧɧɨɣ ɫɥɭɠɛɟ, ɩɨɬɨɦ ɛɟɠɚɥɚ ɞɨɦɨɣ ɤɨɪɦɢɬɶ ɞɨɱɤɭ, ɚ ɩɨɬɨɦ ɟɳɟ ɫɩɪɚɜɥɹɬɶ ɭɛɨɪɤɭ ɦɟɫɬ ɨɛɳɟɝɨ ɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɱɭɬɶ ɥɢ ɧɟ ɜ ɩɨɥɨɜɢɧɟ ɤɜɚɪɬɢɪ ɫɨɫɟɞɧɟɝɨ [...] ɞɨɦɚ26 . Ɋɨɥɶ ɫɟɦɶɢ ɨɤɚɡɵɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɜɟɫɶɦɚ ɫɩɟɰɢɮɢɱɧɨɣ ɜ ɫɨɜɟɬɫɤɨɟ ɜɪɟɦɹ27 . ȼ ɜɨɫ-ɩɪɢɹɬɢɢ ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɚ ɫɟɦɶɹ ɷɬɨ ɨɛɳɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɚɹ ɹɱɟɣɤɚ, ɝɞɟ, ɤɚɤ ɩɪɚɜɢɥɨ, ɪɚɛɨ-ɬɚɸɬ ɨɛɚ ɪɨɞɢɬɟɥɹ, ɢ ɜ ɤɨɬɨɪɨɣ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨ ɢɫɩɨɥɧɟɧɢɟ ɪɨɥɢ ɛɚɛɭɲɤɢ. Ȼɚ-ɛɭɲɤɚ – ɷɬɨ ɧɟ ɪɨɞɫɬɜɟɧɧɢɤ, ɚ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɧɚɹ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɹ, ɤɨɬɨɪɭɸ ɦɨɝɭɬ ɜɵɩɨɥ-ɧɹɬɶ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɵɟ ɪɨɞɫɬɜɟɧɧɢɤɢ, ɛɥɢɡɤɢɟ ɥɸɞɢ ɢɥɢ ɨɩɥɚɱɢɜɚɟɦɵɟ ɧɹɧɢ. ɗɬɚ ɪɨɥɶ ɡɚɮɢɤɫɢɪɨɜɚɧɚ ɜ ɦɢɮɨɥɨɝɟɦɟ ɨɛ Ⱥɪɢɧɟ Ɋɨɞɢɨɧɨɜɧɟ – ɧɹɧɟ ɉɭɲɤɢɧɚ. Ȼɚ-ɛɭɲɤɚ, ɩɨ ɫɥɨɜɚɦ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɢɰ, ɷɬɨ ɦɨɳɧɵɣ ɮɚɤɬɨɪ ɜɨɫɩɢɬɚɧɢɹ ɢ ɬɪɚɧɫ-ɥɹɬɨɪ ɬɪɚɞɢɰɢɨɧɧɨɣ ɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɵ. ȼ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɟɞɟɧɢɹɯ ɍɥɢɰɤɨɣ ɩɨɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɝɟɪɨɢɧɹ, ɤɨɬɨɪɚɹ ɩɨɥɧɨɫɬɶɸ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɭɟɬ ɜɵɲɟ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɧɨɦɭ ɬɟɡɢɫɭ. ɗɦɦɚ Ⱥɲɨ-ɬɨɜɚ – ɛɚɛɭɲɤɚ Ƚɚɹɧɟ ɢ ȼɢɤɬɨɪɢɢ ɢɡ ɪɚɫɫɤɚɡɨɜ ɑɭɠɢɟ ɞɟɬɢ ɢ ɉɨɞɤɢɥɵɲ28 : Ȼɵɥɚ ɗɦɦɚ Ⱥɲɨɬɨɜɚ ɱɟɥɨɜɟɤɨɦ ɨɪɢɝɢɧɚɥɶɧɵɦ, ɫɨ ɫɜɨɟɣ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɨɣ ɠɢɡɧɢ, ɜ ɤɨɬɨɪɨɣ ɪɚɜɧɨɩɪɚɜɧɨ ɩɪɢɫɭɬɫɬɜɨɜɚɥɢ ɫɬɪɨɝɢɟ ɧɪɚɜɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɟ ɩɪɚɜɢɥɚ, ɧɟɫɤɨɥɶɤɨ ɧɟ ɡɚɜɟɪɲɟɧɧɨɟ ɜɵɫɲɟɟ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɟ, ɧɚɛɨɪ ɭɩɨɦɹɧɭɬɵɯ ɫɭɟɜɟɪɢɣ, ɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɜɨɡɜɟɞɟɧɧɵɟ ɜ ɩɪɢɧɰɢɩ ɫɨɛ-ɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɟ ɩɪɢɯɨɬɢ ɢ ɤɚɩɪɢɡɵ, ɞɥɹ ɨɤɪɭɠɚɸɳɢɯ, ɜɩɪɨɱɟɦ, ɜɩɨɥɧɟ ɛɟɡɜɪɟɞɧɵɟ29 . Ɉɧɚ ɛɵɥɚ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɢɬɟɥɶɧɢɰɟɣ ɞɪɟɜɧɟɝɨ ɚɪɦɹɧɫɤɨɝɨ ɪɨɞɚ, ɫɢɥɶɧɨɣ ɠɟɧɳɢɧɨɣ, ɩɟɪɟɧɟɫɲɟɣ ɛɨɥɟɡɧɶ ɞɨɱɟɪɢ, ɨɬɫɭɬɫɬɜɢɟ ɡɹɬɹ, ɜɨɫɩɢɬɚɜɲɟɣ ɞɜɨɟ ɱɭɞɟɫɧɵɯ ɜɧɭ-ɱɟɤ. ȼɨɩɪɨɫ ɫɨɰɢɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɪɟɝɭɥɹɰɢɢ ɫɟɤɫɭɚɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɜ ɫɨɜɟɬɫɤɨɣ ɝɟɧɞɟɪɧɨɣ ɫɢ-ɫɬɟɦɟ, ɩɨ ɫɥɨɜɚɦ Ɂɞɪɚɜɨɫɦɵɫɥɨɜɨɣ ɢ Ɍɟɦɤɢɧɨɣ, ɪɚɡɪɟɲɚɥɫɹ ɜ ɲɤɨɥɚɯ ɩɨ ɫɩɟ-ɰɢɮɢɱɟɫɤɨɦɭ „ɫɩɨɧɬɚɧɧɨɦɭ” ɫɟɤɫɭɚɥɶɧɨɦɭ ɜɨɫɩɢɬɚɧɢɸ, ɚɝɟɧɬɚɦɢ ɤɨɬɨɪɨɝɨ ɛɵɥɢ ɫɜɟɪɫɬɧɢɤɢ ɢɥɢ ɫɬɚɪɲɢɟ ɛɪɚɬɶɹ ɢ ɫɟɫɬɪɵ, ɧɨ ɧɟ ɫɩɟɰɢɚɥɢɫɬɵ ɢ ɧɟ ɪɨɞɢ-ɬɟɥɢ30 . ȼ ɞɚɧɧɨɦ ɤɨɧɬɟɤɫɬɟ ɫɥɟɞɭɟɬ ɨɛɪɚɬɢɬɶ ɜɧɢɦɚɧɢɟ ɧɚ ɪɚɫɫɤɚɡ ȼɟɬɪɹɧɚɹ ɨɫɩɚ, ɜ ɤɨɬɨɪɨɦ ɨɛɳɢɦ ɫɨɛɵɬɢɟɦ ɫɬɚɧɨɜɹɬɫɹ ɢɝɪɵ ɜ ɝɨɫɬɹɯ ɭ Ⱥɥɟɧɵ ɉɲɟɧɢɱ-ɧɢɤɨɜɨɣ, ɪɭɫɫɤɨɣ ɚɦɟɪɢɤɚɧɤɢ. Ⱦɟɜɨɱɤɢ, ɫɨɛɪɚɜɲɢɟɫɹ ɭ ɧɟɟ ɧɚ ɞɟɧɶ ɪɨɠɞɟɧɢɹ, ɜ ɯɨɞɟ ɢɝɪɵ ɨɛɦɟɧɢɜɚɸɬɫɹ ɡɧɚɧɢɹɦɢ „ɩɨ ɩɨɥɨɜɨɦɭ ɜɨɩɪɨɫɭ”, ɪɚɡɵɝɪɵɜɚɸɬ ɫɰɟɧɵ ɫɜɚɞɶɛɵ, ɫɨɜɨɤɭɩɥɟɧɢɹ, ɪɨɞɨɜ, ɢ ɫɚɦɚ ɪɚɡɜɟɪɧɭɬɚɹ ɩɨɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ ɷɬɨɝɨ „ɫɩɟɤɬɚɤɥɹ” ɜɵɞɚɟɬ ɟɝɨ ɩɪɢɪɨɞɭ – ɩɪɢɪɨɞɭ ɢɧɢɰɢɚɰɢɢ, ɩɨɫɜɹɳɟɧɢɹ ɜɨ ɜɡɪɨɫɥɵɟ31 . Ⱦɟɧɶ ɪɨɠɞɟɧɢɹ ɧɚɱɢɧɚɟɬɫɹ ɧɟɜɢɧɧɨ: ɩɨɞɚɪɤɢ, ɭɝɨɳɟɧɢɹ, ɤɭɤɥɵ, ɨɬɤɪɵɬɤɢ. Ɉɞɧɚɤɨ ɞɨɜɨɥɶɧɨ ɛɵɫɬɪɨ ɯɨɡɹɣɤɚ ɩɪɟɞɥɚɝɚɟɬ ɛɨɥɟɟ ɢɧɬɟɪɟɫɧɨɟ ɡɚ-________________ 26_{Ɍɚɦ ɠɟ, ɫ. 40.} 27_{ȿ.Ⱥ. Ɂ ɞ ɪ ɚ ɜ ɨ ɦ ɵ ɫ ɥ ɨ ɜ ɚ, Ⱥ.Ⱥ. Ɍ ɟ ɦ ɤ ɢ ɧ ɚ, ɋɨɰɢɚɥɶɧɚɹ ɤɨɧɫɬɪɭɤɰɢɹ ɝɟɧɞɟɪɚ...,} ɭɤɚɡ. ɫɨɱ., ɫ. 5–13. 28_{Ʌ. ɍ ɥ ɢ ɰ ɤ ɚ ɹ, ɉɨɞɤɢɞɵɲ, [ɜ:] ɟɟ ɠɟ, Ⱦɟɜɨɱɤɢ, ɭɤɚɡ. ɫɨɱ., ɫ. 76–142.} 29_{Ʌ Ʌ. ɍ ɥ ɢ ɰ ɤ ɚ ɹ, ɑɭɠɢɟ ɞɟɬɢ, ɭɤɚɡ. ɫɨɱ., ɫ. 49–50.} 30_{ȿ.Ⱥ. Ɂ ɞ ɪ ɚ ɜ ɨ ɦ ɵ ɫ ɥ ɨ ɜ ɚ, Ⱥ.Ⱥ. Ɍ ɟ ɦ ɤ ɢ ɧ ɚ, ɋɨɰɢɚɥɶɧɚɹ ɤɨɧɫɬɪɭɤɰɢɹ ɝɟɧɞɟɪɚ...,} ɭɤɚɡ. ɫɨɱ., ɫ. 5–13. 31_{Ɍ. Ʉ ɚ ɡ ɚ ɪ ɢ ɧ ɚ, Ɋɟɰɟɧɡɢɹ ɧɚ ɫɛɨɪɧɢɤ Ʌ. ɍɥɢɰɤɨɣ, „ɉɪɟɨɛɪɚɠɟɧɢɟ. Ɋɭɫɫɤɢɣ} ɮɟɦɢ-ɧɢɫɬɫɤɢɣ ɠɭɪɧɚɥ”, Ɇɨɫɤɜɚ 1996, ʋ 4, ɫ. 172.

ɧɹɬɢɟ – ɢɝɪɭ ɜ ɬɭɪɟɰɤɨɝɨ ɲɚɯɚ ɢ ɟɝɨ ɧɟɜɟɫɬɵ. Ⱦɟɜɨɱɤɢ ɩɟɪɟɨɞɟɜɚɸɬɫɹ ɢ ɩɪɚɡɞ-ɧɭɸɬ ɫɜɚɞɶɛɭ Ʉɨɥɵɜɚɧɨɜɨɣ – ɬ.ɟ. ɲɚɯɚ ɢ ɬɪɟɯ ɟɝɨ ɧɟɜɟɫɬ (ɉɥɢɲɤɢɧɚ, Ƚɚɹɧɟ ɢ ȼɢɤɚ Ɉɝɨɧɟɫɹɧ). ɉɨɫɥɟ ɤɨɪɨɬɤɨɝɨ ɫɜɚɞɟɛɧɨɝɨ ɩɢɪɚ Ƚɚɹɧɟ ɩɪɢɯɨɞɢɬ ɤ ɜɵɜɨ-ɞɭ, ɱɬɨ ɬɟɩɟɪɶ ɨɧɚ ɯɨɬɟɥɚ ɛɵ ɪɨɞɢɬɶ ɞɨɱɶ. Ɂɞɟɫɶ ɜɨɡɧɢɤɚɟɬ ɜɨɩɪɨɫ, ɨɬɤɭɞɚ ɛɟɪɭɬɫɹ ɞɟɬɢ. ɇɟɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɞɟɜɨɱɤɢ ɨɛ ɷɬɨɦ ɧɢɱɟɝɨ ɧɟ ɡɧɚɸɬ, ɭ ɧɟɤɨɬɨɪɵɯ ɫɭ-ɳɟɫɬɜɭɸɬ ɫɜɨɢ ɩɨɞɨɡɪɟɧɢɹ. Ɉɞɧɚɤɨ ɧɚɢɛɨɥɟɟ ɩɪɨɞɜɢɧɭɬɨɣ ɜ ɞɚɧɧɨɣ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɢ ɨɤɚɡɵɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɫɬɚɪɲɟ ɜɫɟɯ Ʉɨɥɵɜɚɧɨɜɚ, ɩɪɢɱɟɦ ɢɦɟɧɧɨ ɟɟ „ɨɩɵɬɧɨɫɬɶ” ɜɵɡɵ-ɜɚɟɬ ɭɜɚɠɟɧɢɟ ɫɪɟɞɢ ɫɨɛɪɚɜɲɢɯɫɹ. Ɉɧɚ ɪɚɫɫɤɚɡɵɜɵɡɵ-ɜɚɟɬ ɢɦ ɫɱɢɬɚɥɨɱɤɭ, ɤɨɬɨɪɚɹ ɩɨɞɪɨɛɧɨ ɢɡɨɛɪɚɠɚɟɬ ɜɟɫɶ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫ: ȿɞɢɧɨɠɞɵ ɨɞɢɧ – ɩɪɢɟɯɚɥ ɝɨɫɩɨɞɢɧ […] – ɞɜɚɠɞɵ ɞɜɚ – ɩɪɢɲɥɚ ɟɝɨ ɠɟɧɚ, ɬɪɢɠɞɵ ɬɪɢ – ɜ ɤɨɦɧɚɬɭ ɜɨɲɥɢ, ɱɟɬɵɪɟɠɞɵ ɱɟɬɵɪɟ – ɫɜɟɬ ɩɨɝɚɫɢɥɢ […] – ɉɹɬɶɸ ɩɹɬɶ – ɥɟɝɥɢ ɧɚ ɤɪɨɜɚɬɶ, ɲɟɫɬɶɸ ɲɟɫɬɶ – ɨɧ ɟɟ ɡɚ ɲɟɪɫɬɶ […] – ɋɟɦɶɸ ɫɟɦɶ – ɨɧ ɟɟ ɫɨɜɫɟɦ, ɜɨɫɟɦɶɸ ɜɨɫɟɦɶ – ɞɨɤɬɨɪɚ ɩɪɨɫɢɦ, ɞɟɜɹɬɶɸ ɞɟɜɹɬɶ – ɞɨɤɬɨɪ ɟɞɟɬ, ɞɟɫɹɬɶɸ ɞɟɫɹɬɶ – ɪɟɛɟɧɨɤ ɥɟɡɟɬ!32. Ɂɚɬɟɦ ɞɟɜɨɱɤɢ ɪɟɲɚɸɬ, ɱɬɨ ɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɢɦ ɷɬɚɩɨɦ ɢɯ ɢɝɪɵ ɞɨɥɠɧɵ ɛɵɬɶ „ɛɪɚɱ-ɧɵɟ ɧɨɱɢ” ɲɚɯɚ ɢ ɟɝɨ ɧɟɜɟɫɬ. Ʉɨɥɵɜɚɧɨɜɚ-ɲɚɯ ɥɟɝɥɚ ɩɨɞ ɫɬɨɥɨɦ, ɚ ɧɟɜɟɫɬɵ ɩɨɨɱɟɪɟɞɧɨ ɩɪɨɯɨɞɢɥɢ ɩɟɪɜɨɟ ɫɛɥɢɠɟɧɢɟ ɫ ɠɟɧɢɯɨɦ. ȼ ɫɨɜɟɬɫɤɨɣ ɪɟɚɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɭ ɞɟɜɨɱɟɤ ɧɟ ɛɵɥɨ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɫɬɢ ɭɡɧɚɬɶ ɱɬɨ-ɥɢɛɨ ɨɛ ɢɧɬɢɦɧɵɯ ɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɹɯ, ɜɨɡɧɢɤɚɸɳɢɯ ɦɟɠɞɭ ɦɭɠɱɢɧɨɣ ɢ ɠɟɧɳɢɧɨɣ, ɧɢ ɜ ɲɤɨɥɟ ɧɢ ɞɨɦɚ. ȼ ɬɨ ɜɪɟɦɹ ɩɪɚɜɢɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɨ ɧɟ ɞɨɩɭɫɤɚɥɨ ɬɚɤɨɣ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɫɬɢ, ɩɨɷɬɨɦɭ ɟɞɢɧɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɦ ɩɭɬɟɦ ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɢ ɛɵɥɢ ɛɨɥɟɟ ɨɩɵɬɧɵɟ ɫɜɟɪɫɬɧɢɰɵ. ɂɬɚɤ, ɦɧɨɝɨɥɟɬɧɹɹ ɩɨɥɢɬɢɤɚ ɫɨɰɢɚɥɢɫɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɜɥɚɫɬɢ ɩɪɢɜɟɥɚ ɤ ɫɚɦɨ-ɭɫɬɪɚɧɟɧɢɸ ɠɟɧɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ, ɷɪɨɬɢɤɢ ɢ ɥɸɛɜɢ. Ɇɨɠɟɬ ɢɦɟɧɧɨ ɩɨɷɬɨɦɭ ɠɟɧ-ɫɤɚɹ ɩɪɨɡɚ ɩɪɢɞɚɟɬ ɷɬɨɦɭ ɜɨɩɪɨɫɭ ɫɬɨɥɶ ɜɟɫɨɦɨɟ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɟ. Ʌɸɛɨɩɵɬɧɨ ɩɪɢ ɷɬɨɦ, ɱɬɨ ɷɪɨɬɢɤɚ ɭ ɍɥɢɰɤɨɣ ɩɪɢɧɰɢɩɢɚɥɶɧɨ ɧɟɷɪɨɬɢɱɧɚ33 . Ɉɧɚ ɥɢɲɟɧɚ „ɡɚ-ɡɵɜɧɨɫɬɢ ɢ ɢɝɪɢɜɨɫɬɢ”, ɩɪɢ ɜɫɟɯ ɨɝɨɥɟɧɧɨɫɬɹɯ ɢ ɨɛɧɚɠɟɧɢɹɯ ɨɧɚ ɩɨɤɚɡɵɜɚɟɬ ɧɟ ɬɟɥɨ, ɚ ɦɟɯɚɧɢɡɦ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹ ɫɨɰɢɚɥɶɧɨ-ɛɢɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɧɚɱɚɥɚ. Ɉɞɧɚɤɨ ɫɥɟ-ɞɭɟɬ ɨɬɦɟɬɢɬɶ, ɱɬɨ ɍɥɢɰɤɚɹ ɩɨɞɪɨɛɧɨ ɤɚɫɚɟɬɫɹ ɜ ɪɚɫɫɤɚɡɟ ɢɧɬɢɦɧɵɯ ɞɟɬɚɥɟɣ ɫɟɤɫɭɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɠɢɡɧɢ ɫɜɨɢɯ ɝɟɪɨɢɧɶ, ɩɪɢ ɷɬɨɦ ɜɨɩɥɨɳɚɹ ɢɯ ɩɨ-ɠɟɧɫɤɢ, ɢɡɧɭɬɪɢ. ɂɫɫɥɟɞɭɹ ɫɢɥɭɷɬɵ ɠɟɧɳɢɧ ɜ ɬɜɨɪɱɟɫɬɜɟ ɍɥɢɰɤɨɣ ɜ ɝɟɧɞɟɪɧɨɦ ɚɫɩɟɤɬɟ, ɯɨɬɟɥɨɫɶ ɛɵ ɨɛɪɚɬɢɬɶ ɜɧɢɦɚɧɢɟ ɧɚ ɝɟɧɞɟɪɧɭɸ ɢɞɟɧɬɢɱɧɨɫɬɶ34 _{ɝɟɪɨɢɧɶ, ɤɚɤ} ɨɞɧɭ ɢɡ ɩɹɬɢ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɸɳɢɯ ɱɟɥɨɜɟɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɫɟɤɫɭɚɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ, ɤɨɬɨɪɚɹ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɟɬ ɫɚɦɨɢɞɟɧɬɢɮɢɤɚɰɢɸ ɢɧɞɢɜɢɞɚ ɫ ɬɟɦ ɢɥɢ ɢɧɵɦ ɝɟɧɞɟɪɨɦ, ɜɧɭɬɪɟɧɧɟ ɫɚɦɨ-ɨɳɭɳɟɧɢɟ ɜ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɟ ɦɭɠɱɢɧɵ ɢɥɢ ɠɟɧɳɢɧɵ, ɥɢɛɨ ɤɨɝɨ-ɬɨ ɩɪɨɦɟɠɭɬɨɱɧɨ-ɝɨ35 . ɀɟɧɳɢɧɚ ɞɥɹ ɍɥɢɰɤɨɣ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɟɬ ɧɟɤɨɣ ɧɨɫɢɬɟɥɶɧɢɰɟɣ ɫɟɦɟɣɧɵɯ ɰɟɧ-________________ 32_{Ʌ. ɍ ɥ ɢ ɰ ɤ ɚ ɹ, ȼɟɬɪɹɧɚɹ ɨɫɩɚ, [ɜ:] ɟɟ ɠɟ, Ⱦɟɜɨɱɤɢ, ɭɤɚɡ. ɫɨɱ., ɫ. 215–216.} 33_{Ɍ. Ʉ ɚ ɡ ɚ ɪ ɢ ɧ ɚ, Ɋɟɰɟɧɡɢɹ ɧɚ ɫɛɨɪɧɢɤ Ʌ. ɍɥɢɰɤɨɣ, ɭɤɚɡ. ɫɨɱ., ɫ. 170–172.} 34_{Ƚɟɧɞɟɪɧɚɹ ɢɞɟɧɬɢɱɧɨɫɬɶ – ɛɚɡɨɜɚɹ ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɚ ɫɨɰɢɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɢɞɟɧɬɢɱɧɨɫɬɢ, ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɡɭɸɳɚɹ} ɱɟɥɨɜɟɤɚ ɫ ɬɨɱɤɢ ɡɪɟɧɢɹ ɟɝɨ ɩɪɢɧɚɞɥɟɠɧɨɫɬɢ ɤ ɦɭɠɫɤɨɣ ɢɥɢ ɠɟɧɫɤɨɣ ɝɪɭɩɩɟ. Ɂɞɟɫɶ ɭɱɢɬɵɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɧɟ ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɪɨɥɟɜɨɣ ɚɫɩɟɤɬ, ɧɨ ɨɛɪɚɡ ɱɟɥɨɜɟɤɚ ɜ ɰɟɥɨɦ. ɇ.Ʉ. Ɋ ɚ ɞ ɢ ɧ ɚ, Ƚɟɧɞɟɪɧɚɹ ɢɞɟɧɬɢɱɧɨɫɬɶ, [ɜ:] ɋɥɨɜɚɪɶ ɝɟɧɞɟɪɧɵɯ ɬɟɪɦɢɧɨɜ, ɭɤɚɡ. ɫɨɱ., http://www.owl.ru/gender/020.htm (05.05.2010). 35_{Ɍɚɦ ɠɟ.}

ɧɨɫɬɟɣ. ɋɥɟɞɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɨ, ɩɢɫɚɬɟɥɶɧɢɰɚ ɭɤɚɡɵɜɚɟɬ ɧɚ ɮɚɦɢɥɶɧɨɟ ɫɯɨɞɫɬɜɨ ɞɚɠɟ ɜɨ ɜɧɟɲɧɟɦ ɨɛɥɢɤɟ ɝɟɪɨɢɧɶ. Ɇɨɬɢɜ ɫɟɦɟɣɧɨɝɨ ɫɯɨɞɫɬɜɚ ɪɚɫɤɪɵɬ, ɧɚɩɪɢɦɟɪ, ɜ ɨɛɥɢɤɟ ɞɨɱɟɤ Ɇɚɪɝɚɪɢɬɵ (ɑɭɠɢɟ ɞɟɬɢ): […] ɜɟɪɯɧɹɹ ɝɭɛɚ, ɤɚɤ ɭ ɦɚɬɟɪɢ ɢ ɛɚɛɤɢ, ɛɵɥɚ ɜɵɪɟɡɚɧɚ ɥɭɤɨɨɛɪɚɡɧɨ, ɢ ɢɦɟɧɧɨ ɜ ɷɬɨɣ ɤɪɨɯɨɬɧɨɣ, ɧɨ ɹɜɫɬɜɟɧɧɨ ɡɚɦɟɬɧɨɣ ɜɵɟɦɤɟ ɢ ɫɤɚɡɵɜɚɥɨɫɶ ɫɟɦɟɣɧɨɟ ɢ ɤɪɨɜɧɨɟ ɧɚ-ɱɚɥɨ36 . ɀɟɧɫɤɢɟ ɨɛɪɚɡɵ ɩɢɫɚɬɟɥɶɧɢɰɚ ɪɚɫɤɪɵɜɚɟɬ, ɩɪɟɠɞɟ ɜɫɟɝɨ, ɜ ɢɯ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɧ-ɫɤɨɦ ɩɪɟɞɧɚɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɢ. ɍɥɢɰɤɚɹ, ɚɧɚɥɢɡɢɪɭɹ ɫɭɳɧɨɫɬɶ ɠɟɧɫɤɨɣ ɩɪɢɪɨɞɵ, ɞɚɟɬ ɹɪɱɚɣɲɢɣ ɨɛɪɚɡɟɰ ɠɟɧɳɢɧɵ-ɦɚɬɟɪɢ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɧɨɣ ɫɨɜɟɪɲɟɧɧɨ ɡɚɛɵɬɶ ɨ ɫɟɛɟ ɢ ɠɢɬɶ ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɠɢɡɧɶɸ ɫɜɨɟɝɨ ɪɟɛɟɧɤɚ. Ɇɚɬɟɪɢɧɫɬɜɨ ɩɪɟɨɛɪɚɠɚɟɬ ɠɟɧɳɢɧɵ ɍɥɢɰɤɨɣ. ɋɨɧɟɱɤɚ, ɝɟɪɨɢɧɹ ɨɞɧɨɢɦɟɧɧɨɣ ɩɨɜɟɫɬɢ, ɤɨɬɨɪɭɸ ɬɚɤ ɝɥɭɛɨɤɨ ɢɡɦɟ-ɧɢɥɨ ɡɚɦɭɠɟɫɬɜɨ ɢ ɪɨɠɞɟɧɢɟ ɪɟɛɟɧɤɚ, ɫɬɚɥɚ ɫɨɜɟɪɲɟɧɧɨ ɞɪɭɝɨɣ ɠɟɧɳɢɧɨɣ. Ɂɚɛɨɬɥɢɜɨɫɬɶ ɨ ɛɥɢɠɧɢɯ, ɠɟɧɫɤɚɹ ɫɚɦɨɨɬɜɟɪɠɟɧɧɨɫɬɶ ɢ, ɩɪɟɠɞɟ ɜɫɟɝɨ, ɫɱɚɫɬɶɟ ɡɚɦɭɠɟɫɬɜɚ ɢ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɧɫɬɜɚ ɧɚɩɨɥɧɹɸɬ ɟɟ ɞɨɛɪɨɟ ɫɟɪɞɰɟ: ɉɪɨɫɵɩɚɥɚɫɶ ɋɨɧɟɱɤɚ ɧɚ ɪɚɫɫɜɟɬɟ ɨɬ ɦɟɥɤɨɝɨ ɤɨɩɨɲɟɧɢɹ ɞɟɜɨɱɤɢ, ɩɪɢɠɢɦɚɥɚ ɟɟ ɤ ɠɢɜɨɬɭ, ɫɨɧɧɨɣ ɫɩɢɧɨɣ ɨɳɭɳɚɹ ɩɪɢɫɭɬɫɬɜɢɟ ɦɭɠɚ [...]. Ɇɨɥɨɤɚ ɛɵɥɨ ɦɧɨɝɨ, ɨɧɨ ɲɥɨ ɥɟɝɤɨ, ɢ ɤɨɪɦɥɟɧɢɟ ɫ ɦɚɥɟɧɶɤɢɦɢ ɬɨɪɤɚɧɶɹɦɢ ɫɨɫɤɚ, ɩɨɞɟɪɝɢɜɚɧɢɟɦ, ɥɟɝɤɢɦ ɩɪɢɤɭɫɵɜɚɧɢ-ɟɦ ɝɪɭɞɢ ɛɟɡɡɭɛɵɦɢ ɞɟɫɧɚɦɢ ɞɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɥɨ ɋɨɧɟ ɧɚɫɥɚɠɞɟɧɢɟ, ɤɨɬɨɪɨɟ ɧɟɩɨɫɬɢɠɢɦɵɦ ɨɛɪɚ-ɡɨɦ ɱɭɜɫɬɜɨɜɚɥ ɦɭɠ, ɛɟɡɨɲɢɛɨɱɧɨ ɩɪɨɫɵɩɚɹɫɶ ɜ ɷɬɨ ɩɪɟɞɭɬɪɟɧɧɟɟ ɪɚɧɧɟɟ ɜɪɟɦɹ. Ɉɧ ɨɛɧɢ-ɦɚɥ ɟɟ ɲɢɪɨɤɭɸ ɫɩɢɧɭ, ɪɟɜɧɢɜɨ ɩɪɢɠɢɨɛɧɢ-ɦɚɥ ɤ ɫɟɛɟ, ɢ ɨɧɚ ɨɛɦɢɪɚɥɚ ɨɬ ɷɬɨɝɨ ɞɜɨɣɧɨɝɨ ɝɪɭɡɚ ɧɟɩɟɪɟɧɨɫɢɦɨɝɨ ɫɱɚɫɬɶɹ37 . Ƚɟɪɨɢɧɹ ɧɚɯɨɞɢɬ ɬɟɥɟɫɧɨɟ ɧɚɫɥɚɠɞɟɧɢɟ ɜ ɨɬɞɚɜɚɧɢɢ ɫɟɛɹ. ɍɥɢɰɤɚɹ ɫɬɚɜɢɬ ɋɨɧɟɱɤɭ ɜ ɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɟ ɤ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɧɫɬɜɭ ɜ ɫɦɵɫɥɟ ɬɟɥɚ ɤɚɤ ɞɨɦɚ: ɬɨɧ ɟɟ ɤɨɠɢ, ɟɟ ɝɪɭɞɢ ɢ ɩɨɬɨɤ ɦɨɥɨɤɚ, ɠɢɜɨɬ ɢ ɫɩɢɧɚ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɧɵ ɤɨɪɦɢɬɶ ɞɢɬɹ ɢ ɝɪɟɬɶ ɦɭɠɚ. Ɉɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɠɟɥɚɧɢɹ ɤɚɠɟɬɫɹ ɫɚɦɨ ɫɨɛɨɣ ɪɚɡɭɦɟɸɳɢɦɫɹ, ɤɚɤ ɦɨɠ-ɧɨ ɩɪɟɞɩɨɥɨɠɢɬɶ ɧɚ ɨɫɦɨɠ-ɧɨɜɚɧɢɢ ɡɚɦɟɱɚɧɢɹ ɨ „ɧɟɭɫɬɚɧɦɨɠ-ɧɨɦ ɢɫɩɨɥɧɟɧɢɢ ɫɭɩɪɭ-ɠɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɞɨɥɝɚ” ɫɨ ɫɬɨɪɨɧɵ Ɋɨɛɟɪɬɚ. ɋɨɡɞɚɟɬɫɹ ɜɩɟɱɚɬɥɟɧɢɟ, ɱɬɨ ɞɥɹ ɩɢɫɚ-ɬɟɥɶɧɢɰɵ-ɩɪɨɡɚɢɤɚ ɷɬɨ, ɩɪɟɠɞɟ ɜɫɟɝɨ, ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɫɬɶ ɩɨɤɚɡɚɬɶ, ɱɬɨ ɥɸɛɹɳɟɣ ɠɟɧɫɤɨɣ ɧɚɬɭɪɟ ɜɫɟɝɞɚ ɫɜɨɣɫɬɜɟɧɧɚ ɛɟɡɨɝɥɹɞɧɚɹ ɠɟɪɬɜɟɧɧɨɫɬɶ ɜɨ ɢɦɹ ɥɸɛɜɢ ɥɢɛɨ ɤ ɦɭɠɱɢɧɟ, ɥɢɛɨ ɤ ɪɟɛɟɧɤɭ38 . ȼ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɟ ɭɫɜɨɟɧɢɹ ɠɟɧɳɢɧɚɦɢ ɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɧɨɣ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ ɋɋɋɊ, ɜ ɫɬɪɚɧɟ ɮɨɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɥɢɫɶ ɫɜɨɟɨɛɪɚɡɧɵɟ ɨɛɳɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɟ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɢɹ ɦɟɠɞɭ ɩɨɥɚɦɢ – ɬ.ɧ. ɩɨɥɨɪɨɥɟɜɚɹ ɫɨɰɢɚɥɢɡɚɰɢɹ39 . ɗɬɚ ɫɩɟɰɢɮɢɱɟɫɤɚɹ ɞɢɮɮɟɪɟɧɰɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɚɹ ɫɨɰɢɚ-________________ 36_{Ʌ. ɍ ɥ ɢ ɰ ɤ ɚ ɹ, ɑɭɠɢɟ ɞɟɬɢ, ɭɤɚɡ. ɫɨɱ., ɫ. 48.} 37_{Ʌ. ɍ ɥ ɢ ɰ ɤ ɚ ɹ, ɋɨɧɟɱɤɚ, ɭɤɚɡ. ɫɨɱ., ɫ. 42–43.} 38_{Ʉ. ɉ ɚ ɪ ɧ ɟ ɥ ɶ, Ʉ ɜɨɩɪɨɫɭ ɨ „ɞɪɭɝɨɦ”…, ɭɤɚɡ. ɫɨɱ., ɫ. 136–149.} 39_{ɉɨɥɨɪɨɥɟɜɚɹ ɫɨɰɢɚɥɢɡɚɰɢɹ – ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫ ɭɫɜɨɟɧɢɹ ɢɧɞɢɜɢɞɨɦ ɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɧɨɣ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ} ɝɟɧ-ɞɟɪɚ ɬɨɝɨ ɨɛɳɟɫɬɜɚ, ɜ ɤɨɬɨɪɨɦ ɨɧ ɠɢɜɟɬ, ɫɜɨɟɨɛɪɚɡɧɨɟ ɨɛɳɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɟ ɤɨɧɫɬɪɭɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɪɚɡ-ɥɢɱɢɣ ɦɟɠɞɭ ɩɨɥɚɦɢ. ȿ.ɘ. Ʉ ɪ ɚ ɫ ɨ ɜ ɚ, ɉɨɥɨɪɨɥɟɜɚɹ ɫɨɰɢɚɥɢɡɚɰɢɹ, [ɜ:] ɋɥɨɜɚɪɶ ɝɟɧɞɟɪɧɵɯ ɬɟɪɦɢɧɨɜ, ɭɤɚɡ. ɫɨɱ., http://www.owl.ru/gender/134.htm (05.05.2010).

ɥɢɡɚɰɢɹ ɤɨɦɦɭɧɢɫɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɜɪɟɦɟɧ ɤɨɧɫɬɪɭɢɪɨɜɚɥɚ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɧɵɟ ɦɭɠɫɤɢɟ ɢ ɠɟɧɫɤɢɟ ɩɨɜɟɞɟɧɢɹ40 . Ɋɚɫɫɦɚɬɪɢɜɚɹ ɬɜɨɪɱɟɫɬɜɨ ɍɥɢɰɤɨɣ, ɫɤɜɨɡɶ ɩɟɪɫɩɟɤɬɢɜɭ ɩɨɥɨɪɨɥɟɜɨɣ ɫɨ-ɰɢɚɥɢɡɚɰɢɢ, ɦɨɠɧɨ ɨɬɦɟɬɢɬɶ ɞɜɟ ɮɨɪɦɵ ɟɟ ɤɨɧɫɬɪɭɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɜ ɫɨɜɟɬɫɤɨɦ ɨɛ-ɳɟɫɬɜɟ ɩɹɬɢɞɟɫɹɬɵɯ ɝɨɞɨɜ. ɉɟɪɜɚɹ ɢɡ ɧɢɯ ɷɬɨ, ɩɪɟɠɞɟ ɜɫɟɝɨ, ɰɟɥɟɜɚɹ ɠɟɧɫɤɚɹ ɩɨɥɢɬɢɤɚ ɫɨɰɢɚɥɢɫɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɚ, ɜɨɫɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɢɜɲɚɹ ɞɜɨɣɧɭɸ ɨɪɢɟɧ-ɬɚɰɢɸ – ɧɚ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɧɫɬɜɨ ɢ ɫɜɹɡɚɧɧɨɟ ɫ ɧɟɣ ɫɭɩɪɭɠɟɫɬɜɨ, ɫ ɨɞɧɨɣ ɫɬɨɪɨɧɵ, ɢ ɧɚ ɚɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɶ ɜ ɩɭɛɥɢɱɧɨɣ ɫɮɟɪɟ, ɫ ɞɪɭɝɨɣ. Ɇɟɬɨɞɵ ɩɪɨɩɚɝɚɧɞɵ ɢ ɫɨɰɢɚɥɢɫɬɢ-ɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɜɢɞ ɫɨɰɢɚɥɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɠɟɧɳɢɧ ɍɥɢɰɤɚɹ ɜɨɫɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɢɬ ɜ ɪɚɫɫɤɚɡɟ Ⱦɚɪ ɧɟ-ɪɭɤɨɬɜɨɪɧɵɣ41, ɜ ɤɨɬɨɪɨɦ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɵ ɩɢɨɧɟɪɤɢ-ɨɬɥɢɱɧɢɰɵ ɢ ɭɫɜɨɟɧɢɟ ɢɦɢ ɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɧɨɣ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ ɋɋɋɊ. ɉɢɫɚɬɟɥɶɧɢɰɚ ɨɩɢɫɵɜɚɟɬ ɩɪɚɡɞɧɢɱɧɵɣ ɩɚɪɚɞ ɞɟɜɹ-ɬɢɥɟɬɧɢɯ ɭɱɟɧɢɰ ɨɞɧɨɣ ɢɡ ɦɨɫɤɨɜɫɤɢɯ ɲɤɨɥ, ɢɯ ɩɪɢɝɨɬɨɜɥɟɧɢɟ, ɩɟɪɟɠɢɜɚɧɢɹ ɢ ɜɨɫɯɢɳɟɧɢɟ „ɢɦɩɟɪɫɤɨ-ɪɟɜɨɥɸɰɢɨɧɧɵɦ ɜɟɥɢɤɨɥɟɩɢɟɦ”42 _{ɫɨɰɢɚɥɢɫɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ} ɫɬɪɚɧɵ. Ɂɞɟɫɶ ɭɤɚɡɚɧɵ: ɪɚɡɧɨɝɨ ɜɢɞɚ ɩɢɨɧɟɪɫɤɢɟ ɦɟɪɨɩɪɢɹɬɢɹ, ɝɥɚɜɧɵɟ ɩɪɢɧ-ɰɢɩɵ ɩɢɨɧɟɪɨɤ, ɜɫɹ ɢɟɪɚɪɯɢɹ ɠɟɧɫɤɨɝɨ ɩɢɨɧɟɪɫɤɨɝɨ ɨɬɪɹɞɚ – ɩɪɟɞɫɟɞɚɬɟɥɶ ɫɨɜɟɬɚ ɨɬɪɹɞɚ, ɫɬɚɪɲɢɟ ɩɢɨɧɟɪɜɨɠɚɬɵɟ, ɤɥɚɫɫɧɵɟ ɜɨɠɚɬɵɟ ɢ ɬ.ɞ. ȼɬɨɪɚɹ ɮɨɪɦɚ ɤɨɧɫɬɪɭɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɩɨɥɨɪɨɥɟɜɨɣ ɫɨɰɢɚɥɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɠɟɧɳɢɧ ɭ ɍɥɢɰɤɨɣ ɩɨɥɧɨɫɬɶɸ ɡɚɜɢɫɢɬ ɨɬ ɧɚɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɫɪɟɞɵ, ɜ ɤɨɬɨɪɨɣ ɨɧɢ ɩɨɦɟ-ɳɟɧɵ43 . ȼ ɧɚɰɢɨɧɚɥɢɫɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɢɞɟɨɥɨɝɢɹɯ ɩɨɩɭɥɹɪɧɨ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɢɟ, ɱɬɨ ɠɟɧɳɢɧɵ, ɜ ɫɜɹɡɢ ɫ ɢɯ ɪɨɥɶɸ ɜ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɟ ɛɢɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɜɨɫɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɫɬɜɚ, ɧɟɫɭɬ ɨɫɨɛɭɸ ɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɫɬɶ ɩɟɪɟɞ ɧɚɰɢɟɣ, ɤɨɬɨɪɚɹ ɦɨɠɟɬ ɨɝɪɚɧɢɱɢɜɚɬɶ ɢɯ ɩɪɚɜɨ ɪɚɫɩɨɪɹɠɚɬɶɫɹ ɫɜɨɢɦ ɬɟɥɨɦ ɢ ɫɜɨɛɨɞɭ ɜɵɛɨɪɚ44 . ȼ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɟɞɟɧɢɹɯ ɩɢɫɚ-ɬɟɥɶɧɢɰɵ ɩɨɞ ɜɨɩɪɨɫ ɫɬɚɜɹɬɫɹ ɬɪɟɛɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɤ ɠɟɧɳɢɧɚɦ ɢɡ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɧɨɣ ɷɬ-ɧɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɫɪɟɞɵ. ɍɥɢɰɤɚɹ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɹɟɬ, ɝɥɚɜɧɵɦ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɦ, ɟɜɪɟɣɫɤɢɟ, ɚɪɦɹɧ-ɫɤɢɟ ɢɥɢ ɝɪɭɡɢɧɚɪɦɹɧ-ɫɤɢɟ ɫɟɦɶɢ. ȼ ɫɜɹɡɢ ɫ ɱɟɦ ɩɟɪɟɞ ɱɢɬɚɬɟɥɟɦ ɪɚɫɤɪɵɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɨɛɪɚɡ ɠɟɧɳɢɧɵ – „ɜɨɫɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɢɬɟɥɶɧɢɰɵ” ɧɚɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɵ, ɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɣ ɡɚ ɫɨɯɪɚɧɟɧɢɟ ɬɪɚɞɢɰɢɢ ɞɚɧɧɨɣ ɧɚɰɢɢ, ɧɟɫɭɳɟɣ ɛɪɟɦɹ ɪɟɩɪɟɡɟɧɬɚɰɢɢ, ɧɨɫɢ-ɬɟɥɶɧɢɰɵ ɧɚɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɢɞɟɧɬɢɱɧɨɫɬɢ ɢ ɱɟɫɬɢ. ɂɦɟɧɧɨ ɬɚɤɢɟ ɠɟɧɳɢɧɵ ɩɨɹɜ-ɥɹɸɬɫɹ ɜ ɪɚɫɫɤɚɡɚɯ: Ƚɭɥɹ45 , Ȼɪɨɧɶɤɚ, Ⱦɨɱɶ Ȼɭɯɚɪɵ, ȼɬɨɪɨɝɨ ɦɚɪɬɚ ɬɨɝɨ ɝɨɞɚ46, ɑɭɠɢɟ ɞɟɬɢ, ɉɨɞɤɢɞɵɲ. ________________ 40_{Ɍɚɦ ɠɟ.} 41_{Ʌ. ɍ ɥ ɢ ɰ ɤ ɚ ɹ, Ⱦɚɪ ɧɟɪɭɤɨɬɜɨɪɧɵɣ, [ɜ:] ɟɟ ɠɟ, Ⱦɟɜɨɱɤɢ, ɭɤɚɡ. ɫɨɱ., ɫ. 5–44.} 42_{Ɍɚɦ ɠɟ, ɫ. 11.} 43_{ɇɚɰɢɹ ɪɚɫɫɦɚɬɪɢɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɜ ɫɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɨɣ ɫɨɰɢɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɬɟɨɪɢɢ ɤɚɤ „ɢɞɟɚɥɶɧɚɹ ɤɨɧɫɬɪɭɤɰɢɹ” ɢɥɢ} „ɜɨɨɛɪɚɠɟɧɧɨɟ ɫɨɨɛɳɟɫɬɜɨ” (Ȼɟɧɟɞɢɤɬ Ⱥɧɞɟɪɫɨɧ) ɥɸɞɟɣ, ɜɟɪɹɳɢɯ ɜ ɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɨɛɴɟɞɢɧɹɸɳɟɝɨ ɧɚ-ɱɚɥɚ, ɫɜɹɡɚɧɧɨɝɨ ɫ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɢɟɦ ɨ ɧɚɥɢɱɢɢ ɭ ɧɢɯ ɨɛɳɟɣ ɢɫɬɨɪɢɢ, ɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɵ, ɹɡɵɤɚ, „ɫɭɞɶɛɵ” ɢ ɬ.ɞ. ȿ.ɂ. Ƚ ɚ ɩ ɨ ɜ ɚ, ɇɚɰɢɹ, [ɜ:] ɋɥɨɜɚɪɶ ɝɟɧɞɟɪɧɵɯ ɬɟɪɦɢɧɨɜ, ɭɤɚɡ. ɫɨɱ., http://www.owl.ru /gender/275.htm (05.05.2010). 44_{Ɍɚɦ ɠɟ.} 45_{Ʌ. ɍ ɥ ɢ ɰ ɤ ɚ ɹ, Ƚɭɥɹ, [ɜ:] ɟɟ ɠɟ, Ȼɟɞɧɵɟ ɪɨɞɫɬɜɟɧɧɢɤɢ, ɭɤɚɡ. ɫɨɱ., ɫ. 193–222.} 46_{Ʌ. ɍ ɥ ɢ ɰ ɤ ɚ ɹ, ȼɬɨɪɨɝɨ ɦɚɪɬɚ ɬɨɝɨ ɠɟ ɝɨɞɚ, [ɜ:] ɟɟ ɠɟ, Ⱦɟɜɨɱɤɢ, ɭɤɚɡ. ɫɨɱ., ɫ. 142–} 179.

ȼ ɰɟɥɨɦ ɯɭɞɨɠɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɚɹ ɫɬɪɚɬɟɝɢɹ ɍɥɢɰɤɨɣ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɟɬ ɨɬɪɚɠɟɧɢɟɦ ɬɨɝɨ ɫɥɨɠɧɨɝɨ ɞɭɯɨɜɧɨɝɨ ɩɭɬɢ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɣ ɩɪɨɯɨɞɢɬ ɠɟɧɳɢɧɚ – ɢ ɝɟɪɨɢɧɹ, ɢ ɫɚɦɚ ɩɢɫɚɬɟɥɶɧɢɰɚ – ɜ ɩɨɢɫɤɚɯ ɫɜɨɟɣ ɢɧɞɢɜɢɞɭɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɫɚɦɨɫɬɢ ɢ ɢɞɟɧɬɢɱɧɨɫɬɢ ɜ ɨɛɳɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɦ ɢ ɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɧɨɦ ɩɪɨɫɬɪɚɧɫɬɜɟ. ɂɦɟɧɧɨ ɩɨɷɬɨɦɭ ɩɨɜɟɫɬɜɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɩɢɫɚɬɟɥɶɧɢɰɵ ɧɨɫɢɬ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪ ɝɥɭɛɨɤɨɣ ɩɨɝɪɭɠɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ ɜ ɫɟɛɹ ɢ ɫɨɫɪɟɞɨɬɨɱɢ-ɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɜ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɨɦ ɧɚ ɨɛɧɚɪɭɠɟɧɢɢ, ɝɥɭɛɢɧɧɨɦ ɨɫɦɵɫɥɟɧɢɢ ɢ ɯɭɞɨɠɟɫɬɜɟɧ-ɧɨɣ ɪɟɩɪɟɡɟɧɬɚɰɢɢ ɡɨɧ ɩɫɢɯɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɧɟɛɥɚɝɨɩɨɥɭɱɢɹ ɠɟɧɳɢɧ – ɛɨɥɶɲɟɣ ɢ, ɩɨ ɭɬɜɟɪɠɞɟɧɢɸ ɦɭɠɱɢɧ, „ɥɭɱɲɟɣ ɩɨɥɨɜɢɧɵ” ɱɟɥɨɜɟɱɟɫɬɜɚ47 . ȼ ɪɚɫɫɤɚɡɟ ɑɭɠɢɟ ɞɟɬɢ ɩɪɢɱɢɧɨɣ ɞɥɹ ɫɬɪɚɞɚɧɢɣ ɝɟɪɨɢɧɢ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɪɨɠɞɟɧɢɟ ɞɟɜɨɱɟɤ--ɛɥɢɡɧɟɰɨɜ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɯ ɦɭɠ ɫɱɢɬɚɟɬ ɱɭɠɢɦɢ ɢ ɨɛɜɢɧɹɟɬ Ɇɚɪɝɚɪɢɬɭ ɜ ɪɚɫɩɭɬ-ɫɬɜɟ. ȼɧɭɬɪɟɧɧɢɣ ɦɨɧɨɥɨɝ ɝɟɪɨɢɧɢ ɫ ɟɝɨ ɤɨɥɶɰɟɜɨɣ ɤɨɦɩɨɡɢɰɢɟɣ, ɢɞɟɧɬɢɱ-ɧɨɫɬɶɸ ɧɚɱɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɢ ɤɨɧɟɱɧɨɣ ɮɪɚɡ ɩɟɪɟɞɚɟɬ ɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɟ „ɡɚɰɢɤɥɢɜɲɟɣɫɹ” ɧɚ ɫɜɨɟɦ ɝɨɪɟ ɠɟɧɳɢɧɵ: Ɇɵ ɬɚɤ ɥɸɛɢɥɢ ɞɪɭɝ ɞɪɭɝɚ, ɬɵ ɬɚɤ ɯɨɬɟɥ ɪɟɛɟɧɤɚ, ɹ ɪɨɞɢɥɚ ɬɟɛɟ ɫɪɚɡɭ ɞɜɨɢɯ, ɚ ɬɵ ɝɨɜɨɪɢɲɶ, ɱɬɨ ɷɬɨ ɧɟ ɬɜɨɢ ɞɟɬɢ, ɧɨ ɹ ɧɢ ɜ ɱɟɦ ɧɟ ɜɢɧɨɜɚɬɚ ɩɟɪɟɞ ɬɨɛɨɣ, ɤɚɤ ɠɟ ɬɵ ɦɨɠɟɲɶ ɦɧɟ ɧɟ ɜɟɪɢɬɶ, ɜɟɞɶ ɦɵ ɬɚɤ ɥɸɛɢɥɢ ɞɪɭɝ ɞɪɭɝɚ, ɬɵ ɬɚɤ ɯɨɬɟɥ ɪɟɛɟɧɤɚ, ɹ ɪɨɞɢɥɚ ɬɟɛɟ ɫɪɚɡɭ ɞɜɨɢɯ […]48 . ȼ ɫɜɨɢɯ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɟɞɟɧɢɹɯ ɍɥɢɰɤɚɹ ɜɫɟɝɞɚ ɨɩɢɫɵɜɚɟɬ ɥɢɱɧɭɸ ɠɢɡɧɶ ɠɟɧ-ɳɢɧ, ɢɯ ɫɟɦɶɢ ɜ ɫɨɜɟɬɫɤɭɸ ɷɩɨɯɭ. Ɋɨɥɶ ɠɟɧɳɢɧɵ ɜɢɞɢɬɫɹ ɩɢɫɚɬɟɥɶɧɢɰɟɣ, ɫ ɨɞɧɨɣ ɫɬɨɪɨɧɵ, ɤɚɤ ɛɵ ɬɪɚɞɢɰɢɨɧɧɨ, ɞɚɠɟ ɫ ɧɟɤɨɬɨɪɵɦɢ ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɚɦɢ ɦɚɬɪɢ-ɚɪɯɚɬɚ („ɦɚɬɶ ɫɟɦɟɣɫɬɜɚ”). ɋ ɞɪɭɝɨɣ – ɍɥɢɰɤɚɹ ɧɟ ɨɬɪɢɰɚɟɬ, ɫɤɨɪɟɟ, ɞɨɜɨɥɶɧɨ ɩɪɚɝɦɚɬɢɱɧɨ ɩɨɞɞɟɪɠɢɜɚɟɬ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɫɬɶ „ɥɢɛɟɪɚɥɶɧɵɯ” ɢɩɨɫɬɚɫɟɣ49 . ɉɨɥɢɬɢɤɚ ɢ ɫɨɛɵɬɢɹ ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɣ ɜɚɠɧɨɫɬɢ ɨɫɬɚɸɬɫɹ ɜɧɟ ɩɨɥɹ ɡɪɟɧɢɹ ɩɢɫɚɬɟɥɶɧɢɰɵ, xɨɬɹ ɟɟ ɝɟɪɨɢ ɩɨɥɧɨɫɬɶɸ ɡɚɜɢɫɹɬ ɨɬ ɝɟɧɞɟɪɧɨɣ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ ɝɨɫɭ-ɞɚɪɫɬɜɚ ɋɋɋɊ. Ƚɥɚɜɧɵɟ ɠɟɧɫɤɢɟ ɩɟɪɫɨɧɚɠɢ ɟɟ ɪɚɫɫɤɚɡɨɜ, ɤɚɤ ɩɪɚɜɢɥɨ, „ɥɟɧɶɤɢɟ ɠɟɧɳɢɧɵ” – ɠɢɬɟɥɶɧɢɰɵ ɤɨɦɦɭɧɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɩɨɦɟɳɟɧɢɣ, ɫɬɚɪɭɲɤɢ, ɦɚ-ɬɟɪɢ-ɨɞɢɧɨɱɤɢ, ɭɛɨɪɳɢɰɵ, ɛɨɥɶɧɵɟ, ɛɟɞɧɵɟ, ɨɬɜɟɪɠɟɧɧɵɟ ɨɛɳɟɫɬɜɨɦ – ɫɥɨ-ɜɨɦ, ɬɟ, ɤɨɝɨ ɫɟɣɱɚɫ ɩɪɢɧɹɬɨ ɧɚɡɵɜɚɬɶ ɦɚɪɝɢɧɚɥɚɦɢ. Ɉɞɧɚɤɨ ɩɪɢ ɷɬɨɦ ɜɚɠɧɨ ɨɬɦɟɬɢɬɶ, ɱɬɨ ɷɬɢɯ ɫɚɦɵɯ ɦɚɪɝɢɧɚɥɨɜ ɍɥɢɰɤɨɣ ɧɢɤɚɤ ɧɟ ɧɚɡɨɜɟɲɶ ɧɢ ɭɧɢɠɟɧ-ɧɵɦɢ, ɧɢ ɛɟɡɝɥɚɫɧɵɦɢ. Ɉɧɢ ɧɟ ɛɨɹɬɫɹ ɱɬɨ-ɥɢɛɨ ɩɨɬɟɪɹɬɶ, ɩɨɫɤɨɥɶɤɭ ɧɟ ɢɦɟɸɬ ɧɢ ɢɦɭɳɟɫɬɜɚ, ɧɢ ɜɵɫɨɤɨɝɨ ɨɛɳɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɩɨɥɨɠɟɧɢɹ. ɍɥɢɰɤɚɹ ɪɚɫɤɪɵɜɚɟɬ ɩɟɪɟɞ ɱɢɬɚɬɟɥɟɦ ɫɜɨɢ ɨɛɪɚɡɵ ɠɟɧɳɢɧ ɫɨɜɟɬɫɤɨɣ ɷɩɨɯɢ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɩɨɦɟɳɟɧɵ ɜ ɩɫɟɜɞɨɷɝɚɥɢɬɚɪɧɭɸ ɝɟɧɞɟɪɧɭɸ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɭ ɢ ɩɨɷɬɨɦɭ ɛɨɪɸɬɫɹ ɡɚ ɫɜɨɣ ɢɞɟɧɬɢ-ɬɟɬ, ɱɭɜɫɬɜɭɹ, ɱɬɨ ɫɨɜɟɬɫɤɢɣ ɫɨɰɢɭɦ ɧɟ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɞɥɹ ɧɢɯ ɪɨɞɧɨɣ ɢ ɧɚɬɭɪɚɥɶ-ɧɨɣ ɫɮɟɪɨɣ ɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɨɜɚɧɢɹ. ________________ 47_{Ƚ.Ⱥ. ɉ ɭ ɲ ɤ ɚ ɪ ɶ, Ƚɟɧɞɟɪɧɨɟ ɫɜɨɟɨɛɪɚɡɢɟ ɪɭɫɫɤɨɣ ɠɟɧɫɤɨɣ ɩɪɨɡɵ ɪɭɛɟɠɚ ɏɏ–ɏɏI} ɜɟ-ɤɨɜ, „ȼɟɫɬɧɢɤ ɋɬɚɜɪɨɩɨɥɶɫɤɨɝɨ ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɭɧɢɜɟɪɫɢɬɟɬɚ” 2007, ʋ 50, ɫ. 244–245. 48_{Ʌ. ɍ ɥ ɢ ɰ ɤ ɚ ɹ, ɑɭɠɢɟ ɞɟɬɢ, ɭɤɚɡ. ɫɨɱ., ɫ. 61.} 49_{ȿ.ɂ. Ɍ ɪ ɨ ɮ ɢ ɦ ɨ ɜ ɚ, ɇɚ ɪɭɢɧɚɯ „ɛɨɥɶɲɨɝɨ ɫɬɢɥɹ”: ɠɟɧɫɤɚɹ ɥɢɬɟɪɚɬɭɪɚ ɜ ɩɨɢɫɤɚɯ} ɧɨɜɵɯ ɝɟɧɞɟɪɧɵɯ ɤɨɧɫɬɪɭɤɬɨɜ, http://www.topos.ru/article/2281 (01.06.2010).