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Non-Returnable and Returnable Instruments of European Union’s Public Aid for Entrepreneurs

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NON-RETURNABLE AND RETURNABLE

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PUBLIC AID FOR ENTREPRENEURS

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Abstract

The role of the state within the economy, its range and form of activities have long been in the center of disputes on economic theory among many outstanding economists. Different functions and tasks were assigned to the state depending on the economic school of thought and the applied policy. This DUWLFOHGHDOVZLWKWKHTXHVWLRQVRISXEOLFDLGZLWKLQWKHHFRQRPLFWKHRU\DV well as with the non-returnable and returnable instruments of the public aid, it also presents the tendencies in their applications in the financial perspective RIDQG

Keywords:DLGLQVWUXPHQWV(8IXQGV

1. Introduction

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