Konsekwencje współczesnego kryzysu idei Boga według Josepha Ratzingera/Benedykta XVI

-DURVáDZ%DELĔVNL

.216(.:(1&-(:63Ïà&=(61(*2.5<=<68

,'(,%2*$:('à8*-26(3+$5$7=,1*(5$

%(1('<.7$;9,

:VWĊS 3UREOHPPyZLHQLDR%RJXMDNLSUyEDX]DVDGQLDQLDMHJRLVWQLHQLD]DF]\QDMąVLĊRGSUR EOHPyZWHUPLQRORJLF]Q\FKFRQDOHĪ\UR]XPLHüSRGSRMĊFLHPÄ%RJD´3\WDQLHWRQLHMHVW EDQDOQHF]\SR]RUQH]ZDĪ\ZV]\QDZLHOHQLHMDVQRĞFLLZąWSOLZRĞFL]JáDV]DQ\FKSU]H] ZVSyáF]HVQ\FKP\ĞOLFLHOL_{7RVDPRPyZL-RVHSK5DW]LQJHUÄ3\WDQLHR%RJDMHVWS\WD} QLHPSRGVWDZRZ\PVWDZLDMąF\PQDVQDUR]GURĪXOXG]NLFKHJ]\VWHQFML´_{2GSRZLHGĨ} QD QLH GHWHUPLQXMH UR]XPLHQLH F]áRZLHND SU]H] VLHELH VDPHJR FHO HJ]\VWHQFML L UHOD FMĊ]HĞZLDWHPVWąGZ\GDMHVLĊWR]DVDGQLF]\PSUREOHPHP7\PF]DVHP±SDUDGRNVDO QLH±ZVSyáF]HVQ\ĞZLDWVWDQRZLU]HF]\ZLVWRĞüZNWyUHM%yJVWDMHVLĊFRUD]EDUG]LHM QLHREHFQ\Ä0XVLP\SU]\]QDüĪHRGGDOHQLHRG%RJDFLHPQRĞüLZąWSOLZRĞFLFRGR-HJR LVWQLHQLDVąG]LVLDMZLĊNV]HQLĪNLHG\NROZLHN«1LHUD]PDP\ZUDĪHQLHĪHU]HF]\ZL VWRĞü%RJDZ\P\NDQDPVLĊ]UąN´_{'ODWHJRS\WDRSU]\F]\Q\WHJR]MDZLVNDLXVLáXMH} ZVND]DüGURJLZ\MĞFLD]LVWQLHMąFHJRNXOWXURZRUHOLJLMQHJRNU\]\VXF]DVXÄSR%RJX´ F]DVXÄ%RJDEH]VLOQHJR´F]DVXJáRV]HQLDWH]\ĪHMHVW2QW\ONRÄXURMHQLHP´5_.  _{.VGUKDE-DURVáDZ%DELĔVNLSURI8.6:XUNDSáDQGLHFH]MLSHOSOLĔVNLHMGUKDEWHRORJLLZ]DNUHVLHGR} JPDW\NLLGUQDXNKXPDQLVW\F]Q\FKZ]DNUHVLH¿OR]R¿LSURIHVRUQDG]Z\F]DMQ\SU]\.DWHGU]H+LVWRULL'RJPDWyZ :78.6:Z:DUV]DZLHRUD]Z\NáDGRZFDZ:6'Z3HOSOLQLH$XWRUF]WHUHFKSR]\FMLNVLąĪNRZ\FKRVWDWQLR 7HRORJLDĪ\FLD3UyEDUHLQWHUSUHWDFMLGRURENXNV)UDQFLV]ND6DZLFNLHJR3HOSOLQRUD]NLONXG]LHVLĊFLXDUW\ NXáyZLUHFHQ]ML$GUHVGRNRUHVSRQGHQFML:DUV]DZDXO6RELHVNLHJRHPDLOMEDELQVNL#ZSSO  _{5REHUW 6SDHPDQQ Ä3\WDQLH R ]QDF]HQLH VáRZD ©%yJª´ Communio   ± (QULTXH %RQHWH 3HUDOHV}

)LOyVRIRVDQWH&KULVWR0DGULG(GLFLyQ7HFQRV(PHULFK&RUHWK*RWWLPSKLORVRSKLVFKHQ'HQNHQ6WXWW

JDUW±%HUOLQ±.|OQ9HUODJ:.RKOKDPPHU

 _{-RVHSK5DW]LQJHU%HQHG\NW;9,Jezus z Nazaretu. &]ĊĞü,2GFKU]WXZ-RUGDQLHGR3U]HPLHQLHQLD.UDNyZ} :\GDZQLFWZR0  _{%HQHG\NW;9,2VHQVLHE\FLDFKU]HĞFLMDQLQHP.UDNyZ:\GDZQLFWZR6DOZDWRU±} 5 _{:EDUG]RUyĪQRURGQ\RNUHĞODVLĊF]DVZVSyáF]HVQ\MHĞOLFKRG]LRNZHVWLĊREHFQRĞFL%RJDEąGĨVSRVyEMHJR} UR]XPLHQLD7XSU]\ZRáXMHP\EDUG]LHM]QDQHPDUNRZDQHSRSXODUQ\PLSXEOLNDFMDPL'RQ&XSSLWPo Bogu. 2SU]\V]áRĞFLUHOLJLL:DUV]DZD:\GDZQLFWZR&,60DUN/LOOD%H]VLOQ\%yJ5HOLJLDSROLW\NDLQRZR-F]HVQ\=DFKyG:DUV]DZD:\GDZQLFWZR:$%5LFKDUG'DZNLQV%yJXURMRQ\:DUV]DZD:\GDZQLF WZR&,6 2017 nr 24 '2,VNN

 Ä1LHOXG]NLKXPDQL]P´MDNRZ\UD]GH]DEVROXW\]DFML%RJD -HGQ\P]HĨUyGHá]DV\JQDOL]RZDQ\FK]MDZLVNMHVWSURFHVVSRáHF]QRLGHRZRNXOWXURZ\ RNUHĞODQ\MDNRWUDQVIRUPDFMDREUD]X%RJD-HMZ\UD]HPVąÄK\EU\GRZHIRUP\UHOLJLMQH´± DXWRUHOLJLHGH¿QLRZDQHUyZQLHĪMDNR]MDZLVNRÄSRGZyMQHMSU]\QDOHĪQRĞFL´UR]XPLDQH MDNRXWRĪVDPLDQLHVLĊ]RNUHĞORQąUHOLJLąNWyUHQLHVWRLZVSU]HF]QRĞFL]SUDNW\NRZD QLHPU\WyZZLHU]HĔFDáNRZLFLH]QLąVSU]HF]Q\FK66]F]HJyOQ\PSURPRWRUHPW\FKWHQ GHQFMLMHVWLGHRORJLD1HZ$JHVWDQRZLąFDLUUDFMRQDOQ\NRQJORPHUDWUR]PDLW\FKZLHU]HĔ UHOLJLMQ\FK XVLáXMąFD Z\SU]Hü PyZLHQLH R %RJX Z\URVáH ] WUDG\FML MXGHRFKU]HĞFLMDĔ VNLHM QD U]HF] UR]PDLW\FK XMĊü ]UHODW\ZL]RZDQ\FK UR]P\W\FK H]RWHU\F]Q\FK7. Zain WHUHVRZDQLHUHOLJLMQRĞFLąH]RWHU\F]QąZLąĪHVLĊ]WUHQGDPLVW\PXOXMąF\PLZVSyáF]HVQą NXOWXUĊ FKDUDNWHU\]XMąF\PL VLĊ GąĪHQLHP NX XSURV]F]HQLX SUDJPDW\F]QHPX VWHFKQL F\]RZDQLXUHOLJLMQRĞFLPDMąF\PQDFHOXXF]\QLHQLH]QLHMMHV]F]HMHGQHJR]ZHNWRUyZ XNLHUXQNRZXMąF\FKOXG]NLHG]LDáDQLHQDVXNFHV2]QDF]DWRVSURZDG]DQLHUHOLJLLLMHM SUDNW\NRZDQLDGRLUUDFMRQDOQHMVIHU\HPRFMRQDOQRĞFL_. -RVHSK 5DW]LQJHU ]GHF\GRZDQLH SU]HFLZVWDZLD VLĊ WHJR W\SX WHQGHQFMRP 2VWDWHF] Q\PNU\WHULXPZRGQLHVLHQLXF]áRZLHNDQLHPRJąE\üXF]XFLD]UDFMLLFKQLHVWDELOQRĞFL L]PLHQQRĞFL2]QDF]DáRE\WRSU]\]QDQLHOXG]NLHPXRGQLHVLHQLXVLĊGR%RJDIXQGDPHQ WyZFDáNRZLFLHLOX]RU\F]Q\FKLVXELHNW\ZQ\FK7\PF]DVHPF]áRZLHNSRWU]HEXMHF]HJRĞ ZLĊFHMGRQDZLą]DQLDUHODFML]%RJLHPÄ&]áRZLHNRZLQLHZ\VWDUF]DĪH%yJSRZLHG]LDá QDPWRF]\WDPWRDOERĪHSRWUD¿P\VRELHWRF]\WDPWRZ\REUD]LüQD-HJRWHPDW-HG\QLH ZWHG\JG\ZLHP\ĪHFRĞGODQDVXF]\QLáLĪHMHVWGODQDVMHG\QLHZWHG\G]LHMHVLĊWR F]HJRSRWU]HEXMHP\LQDF]\PPRĪHP\VLĊRSU]Hü´_{.RQLHF]QHMHVWGODF]áRZLHNDRVR} ERZHVSRWNDQLH%RJD]NWyUHJRURG]LVLĊSHZQRĞüRZáDĞFLZ\PWHOHRORJLF]Q\P]RULHQ WRZDQLXĪ\FLD &]áRZLHNSRWU]HEXMHGRRNUHĞOHQLDVLHELHSRSU]H]UHODFMHÄĪ\MHZVLHFLUHODFMLDMHJR Ī\FLHEĊG]LHQDW\OHGREUHQDLOHZáDĞFLZHVąMHJRUHODFMH«NWyUHZ\ZDUá\ZSá\Z QD MHJR LVWRWĊ $OH ĪDGQH « QLH EĊG]LH ZáDĞFLZH MHĞOL QLH MHVW QDOHĪ\WH MHJR SLHUZ V]HRGQLHVLHQLH±RGQLHVLHQLHGR%RJD3RZLHG]LDáE\PĪHZáDĞFLZLHRQRVDPRVWDQRZL WUHĞüUHOLJLL´_{2GQLHVLHQLHGR%RJDRNUHĞODZLĊF-HJRPLHMVFHZĪ\FLXOXG]NLPQLH]DĞ} W\ONRRGF]XFLDHPRFMRQDOQH]1LPVLĊZLąĪąFH&RZLĊFHMVSRVyERGQLHVLHQLDVLĊ%RJD GHWHUPLQXMHZNRQVHNZHQFMLFDá\OXG]NLĞZLDWZDUWRĞFLLVSRVyEF]\WDQLDĞZLDWDSU]H] F]áRZLHND_{1DGWRMHVWWRGRRNUHĞOHQLHRSFMLIXQGDPHQWDOQHMOXG]NLHMHJ]\VWHQFMLNWyUD} 6 _{3LRWU-RUGDQĝOLZLĔVNLÄ6HNW\LUXFK\UHOLJLMQHZ]JOREDOL]RZDQ\PĞZLHFLH´Z*OREDORSROLV.RVPLF]QDZLRVND} 6]DQVHL]DJURĪHQLDUHG5REHUW%RUNRZVNL:DUV]DZD,QVW\WXW:\GDZQLF]\3$;± 7 _{$QGU]HM=ZROLĔVNL3RJXELHQLZZDUWRĞFLDFK2EUD]ZVSyáF]HVQHMUHOLJLMQRĞFL.UDNyZ:\GDZQLFWZR6DOZDWRU} ±  _{-DQXV]0DULDĔVNLÄ6HNXODU\]DFMDDQRZHIRUP\UHOLJLMQRĞFL´5RF]QLNL1DXN6SRáHF]Q\FK±}  -RVHSK5DW]LQJHU%yJLĞZLDW:LDUDLĪ\FLHZG]LVLHMV]\FKF]DVDFK=NDUG\QDáHP-RVHSKHP5DW]LQJHUHP%HQH-G\NWHP;9,UR]PDZLD3HWHU6HHZDOG.UDNyZ:\GDZQLFWZR=QDN  _{-RVHSK5DW]LQJHU6yO]LHPL&KU]HĞFLMDĔVWZRL.RĞFLyáNDWROLFNLQDSU]HáRPLHW\VLąFOHFL=NDUG\QDáHP-RVHSKHP} 5DW]LQJHUHPUR]PDZLD3HWHU6HHZDOG.UDNyZ:\GDZQLFWZR=QDN

 _{-RVHSK 5DW]LQJHU 1RZD SLHĞĔ GOD 3DQD :LDUD Z &KU\VWXVD D OLWXUJLD G]LVLDM .UDNyZ:\GDZQLFWZR =QDN} 

 R]QDF]DUDG\NDOQH]DDNFHSWRZDQLHGHSR]\WXZLDU\EąGĨMHJRRGU]XFHQLHÄ:LDUDMHVW ZLDUąZ%RJDDOERMHMQLHPD´_. 5DW]LQJHUWZLHUG]LĪHGHNODUDFMDZLDU\LPSOLNXMHDNFHSWDFMĊQDSU]HQLNQLĊcie przez QLąU]HF]\ZLVWRĞFLOXG]NLHMHJ]\VWHQFMLZHZV]\VWNLFKMHMVIHUDFK&RZLĊFHMR]QDF]D UyZQLHĪNRQVHNZHQWQHEXGRZDQLHZL]MLĞZLDWDLZDUWRĞFLNWyUD±MHĞOLPDE\üSURMHNWHP FKU]HĞFLMDĔVNLP±PXVLFKDUDNWHU\]RZDüVLĊWHRFHQWU\]PHPÄ:FKU]HĞFLMDĔVWZLHQD SLHUZV]\PPLHMVFXQLHVWRL.RĞFLyáF]\F]áRZLHNOHF]%yJ1LHNLHUXMHRQRVZRMHMXZDJL JáyZQLHQDQDV]HQDG]LHMHREDZ\LĪ\F]HQLDOHF]QD%RJD-HJRPDMHVWDWLPRF3LHUZV]H ]GDQLHZLDU\FKU]HĞFLMDĔVNLHMSRGVWDZRZD]DVDGDFKU]HĞFLMDĔVNLHJRQDZUyFHQLDEU]PL %yJMHVW´_{%yJZWHG\MHVWGODF]áRZLHND%RJLHPJG\]DMPXMHMHG\QHPRĪOLZHGODQLHJR} PLHMVFH±DEVROXWQHJRDXWRUDQRUPPRUDOQRĞFLLSUDZU]HF]\ZLVWRĞFLMDNLRVWDWHF]QHJR FHOXLVHQVXOXG]NLHMHJ]\VWHQFML 'ODWHJRVSUDZą]DVDGQLF]ąZRGF]XFLXQLHPLHFNLHJRP\ĞOLFLHODMHVWSU]HFLZVWDZLH QLHVLĊZV]HONLPSUyERPPDUJLQDOL]DFML%RJDSRSU]H]DEVROXW\]DFMĊF]áRZLHND0LPR ]DFKZ\WXMDNLZF]áRZLHNXEXG]LWNZLąF\ZQLPVDP\PSRWHQFMDáZ\UDĪDMąF\VLĊWZyU F]\PSU]HNV]WDáFDQLHPĞZLDWDLFRUD]SHáQLHMV]\P]JáĊELDQLHPMHJRWDMHPQLFNRQLHF]QH MHVW]DDNFHQWRZDQLHVZRMHMSU]\JRGQRĞFLLFDáHJRV]HUHJXRJUDQLF]HĔ:RGQLHVLHQLXGR VIHU\OXG]NLHJRG]LDáDQLDR]QDF]DWRUH]\JQDFMĊ]X]XUSRZDQLDVRELHSU]H]F]áRZLHND SUDZDGRNZHVWLRQRZDQLDSUDZGIXQGDPHQWDOQ\FKLSUDZ%RĪ\FK&]áRZLHNPXVLĪ\ü EĊGąFĞZLDGRP\WHJRĪHMHVWVWZRU]HQLHPX]QDMąFW\PVDP\PSUDZGĊRVZHM]DOHĪQR ĞFLZLVWQLHQLXRG%RJD6WZyUF\LSRGSRU]ąGNRZXMąFVLĊ-HJRZROL1LHR]QDF]DWRE\QDM PQLHMMDNLHMNROZLHNIRUP\GHSUHFMRQRZDQLDF]áRZLHNDLSR]EDZLHQLHJRMHJRZROQRĞFL 3RGGDQLHVLĊZROL%RJDR]QDF]DZáDĞFLZHLSHáQHUR]XPLHQLHNLP2QMHVWLSR]ZDODĪ\ü GDUHP-HJRPLáRĞFL_.

5R]P\FLH LGHL %RJD MHM QLHRNUHĞORQRĞü D Z NRQVHNZHQFML RGU]XFHQLH -HJR SLHUZ V]HĔVWZDURG]LZLHOH]MDZLVNREVHUZRZDQ\FKZHZVSyáF]HVQ\PĞZLHFLH%HQHG\NW;9, QDGDMHLPPLDQRÄQLHOXG]NLHJRKXPDQL]PX´&KDUDNWHU\]XMąVLĊRQHSU]HGHZV]\VWNLP XWUDWąSU]H]F]áRZLHNDQDGSU]\URG]RQHMSHUVSHNW\Z\VZHMHJ]\VWHQFMLRUD]QLHPRĪQR ĞFLą]UR]XPLHQLDVDPHJRVLHELH±XWUDWąVZHMWRĪVDPRĞFL6\WXDFMDWDQLHSR]ZDODZNRQ VHNZHQFMLQDZáDĞFLZHEXGRZDQLHRGQLHVLHĔGRĞZLDWDLLQQ\FKOXG]LWDNMHĞOLFKRG]L RNZHVWLHLQG\ZLGXDOQLHEXGRZDQ\FKUHODFMLMDNIXQNFMRQRZDQLHZOXG]NLFKZVSyOQR WDFK:\QLNDMąFD]WHJREH]RZRFQRĞüOXG]NLHMDNW\ZQRĞFLURG]LZNRQVHNZHQFMLSRVWDZĊ ]QLHFKĊFHQLDLUH]\JQDFMLZREHFZ\]ZDĔMDNLHSU]\QRVLĪ\FLH&RZLĊFHMZ\NOXF]DQLH RGQLHVLHQLDF]áRZLHNDGR6WZyUF\QLHVLH]HVREąVNXWHNEáĊGQHJRKLHUDUFKL]RZDQLDFHOyZ LZDUWRĞFLFRVWDMHVLĊSU]\F]\Qą]DKDPRZDQLDUR]ZRMXOXEGDOHNRLGąFHMMHJRGHJHQHUD FMLFKDUDNWHU\]XMąFHMVLĊIXQNFMRQDOLVW\F]Q\PWUDNWRZDQLHPF]áRZLHNDLGHJUDGDFMąMHJR ZDUWRĞFL=GDQLHP%HQHG\NWD;9,W\ONRRWZDUFLHQD%RJDSR]ZDODF]áRZLHNRZLZSHáQL RWZRU]\üVLĊQDĞZLDWLX]HZQĊWU]QLüWNZLąF\ZQLPSRWHQFMDáPRĪOLZRĞFL'\VSR]\F\M QRĞüZREHF%RJDLPSOLNXMHG\VSR]\F\MQRĞüZREHFĞZLDWD:\UDĪDVLĊRQDZWZyUF]\P LRZRFQ\PXU]HF]\ZLVWQLDQLXIRUPĪ\FLDVSRáHF]QHJRLRE\ZDWHOVNLHJRNWyUHRSLHUDMąF  _{5DW]LQJHU1RZDSLHĞĔGOD3DQD}  _{-RVHSK5DW]LQJHU%yJ-H]XVD&KU\VWXVD0HG\WDFMHR%RJX7UyMMHG\Q\P.UDNyZ:\GDZQLFWZR=QDN}  _{%HQHG\NW;9,0\ĞOLGXFKRZH3R]QDĔ:\GDZQLFWZR:GURG]H±}

 VLĊQDQLH]PLHQQ\FKSU\QF\SLDFKZ%RJXPDMąF\FKVZyMSRF]ąWHNLOHJLW\PL]DFMĊVą ZVWDQLHRSU]HüVLĊ]QLHZROHQLXMDNLHURG]ąLGHRZHPRG\_. .RQVHNZHQFMąQDMLQWHQV\ZQLHMGRVWU]HJDOQąÄQLHOXG]NLHJRKXPDQL]PX´MHVWZRFH QLH-RVHSKD5DW]LQJHUD%HQHG\NWD;9,EH]ERĪQRĞü-HVWRQDGRVWU]HJDOQDZSRMDZLD QLXVLĊZVSRáHF]Q\PG\VNXUVLHSURSR]\FMLQDMUR]PDLWV]HJRX]GUDZLDQLDĞZLDWDMHGQDN EH] MDNLHJRNROZLHN XG]LDáX %RJD F]\ FKRüE\ RGQLHVLHQLD VLĊ GR 1LHJR_{ 1DMZDĪQLHM} V]D]RZ\FKLGHLWRPDMąFDVZHNRU]HQLHZLGHDFKRĞZLHFHQLDPHVMDQLVW\F]QDLGHRORJLD SRVWVHNXODU\VW\F]QD JáRV]ąFD DXWRVRWHU\F]Qą PRĪOLZRĞü RVLąJQLĊFLD QD ]LHPL SHáQL V]F]ĊĞFLDSU]H]F]áRZLHNDEH]%RJDOXE]DFHQĊ-HJRSRU]XFHQLDSU]H]F]áRZLHND7DND UHGXNFMDZLQWHUSUHWRZDQLXU]HF]\ZLVWRĞFL±]PDUJLQDOL]RZDQLHSUDZG\RFKDUDNWHU]H WUDQVFHQGHQWQ\P 7\PF]DVHP ZáDĞQLH %yJ MHVW ÄIXQGDPHQWDOQ\P ]DáRĪHQLHP ZV]HO NLHJR©UHDOL]PXªWDNĪHEH]1LHJRQLFQLHPRĪHE\ü]GURZH´_{'ODWHJRXVXQLĊFLH%RJD} ] SU]HVWU]HQL SR]QDZF]HM MHVW W\ONR SR]RUHP UHDOL]PX L RELHNW\ZL]PX QDXNRZHJR_. $XWHQW\F]Q\]DĞUHDOL]PSURZDG]LUyZQRF]HĞQLHNXDXWHQW\F]QHPXÄKXPDQL]PRZL´WR ]QDF]\XMPXMąF\PF]áRZLHNDZVSRVyESHáQ\KROLVW\F]Q\_. 'RW\NDP\ZWHQVSRVyENZHVWLLSUDZG\MDNR]DJDGQLHQLDIXQGDPHQWDOQHJRGOD-RVHSKD 5DW]LQJHUD%HQHG\NWD;9,'RVWU]HJDRQERZLHPLVWQLHMąFąSUDZLGáRZRĞüZ]DFKRG]ą F\FKSU]HPLDQDFKVSRáHF]QRNXOWXURZ\FK.áDPVWZR]DZV]HVWDMHVLĊEXGXOFHPXWRSLL QLV]F]ąF\FKSUDZGĊRU]HF]\ZLVWRĞFLDRVWDWHF]QLHGRSURZDG]DGR]QLV]F]HQLDVDPHJR F]áRZLHND_{. ĩ\FLH F]áRZLHND ZWHG\ QLH MHVW ZLĊF SR]EDZLRQH VHQVX JG\ MHVW Ī\FLHP} RGNU\ZDMąF\P SUDZGĊ L Z SUDZG]LH 7\P NWyU\ SRND]XMH FHORZRĞü Ī\FLD OXG]NLHJR, MHVW%yJ±SHáQLD3UDZG\%UDNSUDZG\ZĪ\FLXF]áRZLHNDSRZRGXMHĪHĪ\FLHQDV\FD VLĊGHNDGHQW\]PHP_{0RĪQDJRSRNRQDüW\ONRSRSU]H]SRV]XNLZDQLHSUDZG\LĪ\FLH} QLą 2]QDF]D WR NRQLHF]QRĞü SU]HFLZVWDZLHQLD VLĊ ZVSyáF]HVQ\P SUyERP QHJRZDQLD PRĪOLZRĞFLSR]QDQLD%RJDDWDNĪHGHIRUPDFML-HJRREUD]X.RQVHNZHQFMąSUyE]DVWą SLHQLDSUDZG]LZHJR%RJDMHJRVXEVW\WXWHPVąERZLHPGHIRUPDFMHUHOLJLMQRĞFLRIHUXMąFH EXGRZDQLHĪ\FLDGXFKRZHJRSR]DUDPDPLVWUXNWXUHNOH]MDOQ\FKRUD]W]ZGHNRPSR]\ FMDZLDU\NáDGąFDQDFLVNQDVIHUĊHPRFMRQDOQąL]LQG\ZLGXDOL]RZDQHSR]DNRQIHV\MQH

 _{%HQHG\NW;9,Caritas in veritate. 2LQWHJUDOQ\PUR]ZRMXOXG]NLPZPLáRĞFLLSUDZG]LH.UDNyZ:\GDZQLFWZR} 0QU

 _{%HQHG\NW;9,Deus caritas est. %yJMHVWPLáRĞFLą.UDNyZ:\GDZQLFWZR0QU-HU]\6]\PLNÄ:R} EHFGHFKU\VWLDQL]DFML-RVHSK5DW]LQJHU%HQHG\NW;9,R]DVDGDFKLGXFKRZRĞFLQRZHMHZDQJHOL]DFML´3HUVSHFWL-YD/HJQLFNLH6WXGLD7HRORJLF]QR+LVWRU\F]QH±  _{-RVHSK5DW]LQJHU:SURZDG]HQLHZFKU]HĞFLMDĔVWZR.UDNyZ:\GDZQLFWZR=QDN}  _{-RVHSK5DW]LQJHUDuch liturgii3R]QDĔ:\GDZQLFWZR&KULVWLDQLWDV-HU]\6]\PLNÄ3RĪąGDMąF\ZLQ} QLF\$JQRVW\F\]PDWHL]PLDQW\WHL]PZRFHQLH-5DW]LQJHUD%HQHG\NWD;9,´3R]QDĔVNLH6WXGLD7HRORJLF]QH ±  _{%HQHG\NW;9,Ä1LHFKĞZ$XJXVW\QEĊG]LHGODQDVZ]RUHPGLDORJXLUR]XPX6SRWNDQLH]HZVSyOQRWąDNDGHPLF} NąQDG]LHG]LĔFXXQLZHUV\WHWX3DZLDNZLHWQLDU´/¶2VVHUYDWRUH5RPDQR  _{%HQHG\NW;9,ĝZLDWáRĞüĞZLDWD3DSLHĪ.RĞFLyáL]QDNLF]DVX:UR]PRZLH]3HWHUHP6HHZDOGHP.UDNyZ} :\GDZQLFWZR=QDN  _{%HQHG\NW;9,Caritas in veritateQU}

 SRV]XNLZDQLH sacrum_{ ZUHV]FLH GH]DEVROXW\]DFMD %RJD L XF]\QLHQLH *R MHV]F]H MHG} Q\PIHW\V]HPVW\PXOXMąF\POXG]NLHG]LDáDQLHLWZyUF]RĞü .U\]\VWU\QLWDUQRSHUVRQDOQHJRSRMĊFLD%RJD ']LDáDQLD]RULHQWRZDQHQDPDUJLQDOL]DFMĊ%RJDV]F]HJyOQHJRZ\PLDUXQDELHUDMąZREVHU ZRZDQ\FKWHQGHQFMDFKNWyUHXGHU]DMąZVDPIXQGDPHQWZLDU\F]\OLQDMSLHUZZSUDZGĊ R%RJXUR]XPLDQ\PMDNR2VREDDZNRQVHNZHQFMLZWDMHPQLFĊR7UyMF\3U]HQDMĞZLĊW V]HM(IHNWHPWHJRMHVWNU\]\VZLDU\WU\QLWDUQHMNOXF]RZHMSU]HFLHĪGODZLDU\FKU]HĞFL MDĔVNLHMZ\UDĪDMąF\VLĊZSRGZDĪDQLXIXQGDPHQWDOQ\FKSUDZG]DZDUW\FKZ&UHGR&R ZLĊFHMSUREOHPWHQGRW\F]\QLHW\ONRNXOWXURZHMSHUFHSFMLSUDZGZLDU\OHF]WDNĪHWHR ORJLF]Q\FKQDXNRZ\FKG\VNXUVyZ &KFąFZ\UD]LüVHGQRNU\]\VXGRW\F]ąFHJR%RJD±7UyMF\-RVHSK5DW]LQJHUIRUPXáXMH JRZKDVáRZ\PZUĊF]VWZLHUG]HQLXÄ2MFLHF]DSRPQLDQ\6\QSRPQLHMV]RQ\´_7\P VDP\PSUDJQLHRGGDüREHFQHZHZVSyáF]HVQHMUHÀHNVMLWHRORJLF]QHMWHQGHQFMHSU]HMD ZLDMąFHSRNXVĊ]UHGXNRZDQLDRZHMUHÀHNVMLW\ONRGRFKU\VWRORJLLEąGĨZVSRVyEVNUDMQ\ F]\QLąF Mą FKU\VWRFHQWU\F]Qą Ä%RMąF VLĊ QLHVáXV]QLH ĪH XZDJD ]ZUyFRQD QD 2MFD 6WZRU]\FLHOD PRĪH SU]HVáRQLü SRVWDü -HJR 6\QD SHZQHJR W\SX ZVSyáF]HVQD WHRORJLD RJUDQLF]DVLĊMHG\QLHGRFKU\VWRORJLL$OHMHVWWRFKU\VWRORJLDSRGHMU]DQDMHGQRVWURQQLH SRGNUHĞODMąFDOXG]NąQDWXUĊ-H]XVDSU]HPLOF]DMąFDEąGĨZ\UDĪDMąFDZVSRVyEQLHZ\ VWDUF]DMąF\-HJR%RVNąQDWXUĊZVSyáLVWQLHMąFąZWHMVDPHMRVRELH&KU\VWXVD0RĪQDE\ QDZHWSRZLHG]LHüĪHRWRZVNU]HV]RQRVWDURĪ\WQąKHUH]MĊDULDĔVNą´_{7HJRW\SXXMĊFLD} R]QDF]DMąGHSUHFMRQRZDQLHZWHRORJLF]QHMUHÀHNVML2VRE\%RJD2MFDDZGDOV]HMNRQVH NZHQFML±GHSHUVRQDOL]DFMĊERVNRĞFL_. 3U]\F]\Q\W\FKWHQGHQFMLQDOHĪ\LGHQW\¿NRZDüZHZVSyáF]HVQ\FKSU]HPLDQDFKLGH RZRNXOWXURZ\FK GOD NWyU\FK VZHJR URG]DMX ]QDNDPL UR]SR]QDZF]\PL MHVW SRVWPR GHUQL]PNXOWXURZ\LJHQGHU,FKNRQVHNZHQFMąMHVWQDMSLHUZQLHZáDĞFLZHUR]XPLHQLH RMFRVWZD D QDVWĊSQLH LGHL %RJD MDNR 2MFD 2F]\ZLĞFLH JHQH]\ W\FK ]MDZLVN QDOHĪ\ V]XNDü JáĊELHM 5DW]LQJHU%HQHG\NW ;9, LGHQW\¿NXMH MH ] GRPLQXMąF\PL WHQGHQFMDPL REHFQ\PLZ¿OR]R¿LQDSU]HáRPLH;,;L;;ZLHNX=DQDMEDUG]LHMEU]HPLHQQHZVNXWNL X]QDMHIUHXGRZVNąSV\FKRDQDOL]ĊDQWURSRFHQWU\F]QHSURMHNW\)HXHUEDFKDNU\W\NĊUHOL JLLLRJáRV]HQLHĞPLHUFL%RJDSU]H]1LHW]VFKHJR_.

3U]\F]\Q\ NU\]\VX %RĪHJR 2MFRVWZD RPDZLDQ\ DXWRU XSDWUXMH PLQ Z VSRVRELH Z MDNL ZVSyáF]HVQH VSRáHF]HĔVWZR SRGFKRG]L GR WHM LGHL ]QLHNV]WDáFRQHM SRNáRVLHP )UHXGRZVNLHMNRQFHSFMLQLHXIQRĞFLZREHFNDĪGHJRRMFD:NRQVHNZHQFMLSU]HáRĪ\áDVLĊ  _{&]HVáDZ5\FKOLFNL%yJMHVWPLáRĞFLąUHÀHNVMDQDGHQF\NOLNą%HQHG\NWD;9,3áRFN3áRFNL,QVW\WXW:\GDZQLF]\} ,UHQD%RURZLNÄ6RFMRORJLDUHOLJLLZ;;ZLHNX2G©RGNU\FLDªVHNXODU\]DFMLGRMHM]DQHJRZDQLD´Ate-QHXP.DSáDĔVNLH±  _{-RVHSK5DW]LQJHU5DSRUWRVWDQLHZLDU\=NDUG\QDáHP-RVHSKHP5DW]LQJHUHPUR]PDZLD9LWWRULR0HVVRUL.UD} NyZ±:DUV]DZD±6WUXJD:\GDZQLFWZR0LFKDOLQHXP

 _{5DW]LQJHU5DSRUWRVWDQLHZLDU\, 66.}

 _{-RVp5DPyQ5HFXHUR/DFXHVWLyQGH'LRV'LiORJRVFRQ'HVFDUWHV)HXHUEDFK0DU[1LHW]VFKH\5DW]LQJHU} 0DGULG(GLFLyQ%LEOLRWHFD1XHYD

 RQD]ZáDV]F]DQDG]LHZLĊWQDVWRZLHF]QąNU\W\NĊUHOLJLLVWZLHUG]DMąFąMDNRE\LVWQLHQLH ZV]HONLFKV\VWHPyZUHOLJLMQ\FKE\áRXZDUXQNRZDQHW\PĪHOXG]LHVWZDU]DMąÄERJD´QD VZyMREUD]LSRGRELHĔVWZRSU]H]FRGRFKRG]LWDNĪHGRRGZUyFHQLDVWZyUF]HJRZ]RUFD ]NDUW.VLĊJL5RG]DMX_{7\PF]DVHPPLDUą2MFRVWZD%RJDMHVW2VRED-HJR6\QD-H]XVD} &KU\VWXVDLFDáD-HJRUHODFMDGRAbba5R]SDWU\ZDQLHWHMWDMHPQLF\ZWDNLPZáDĞQLHNRQ WHNĞFLHFKURQLSU]HGMDNąNROZLHNIRUPąEáĊGXUHGXNFMRQL]PXF]\DQWURSRPRU¿]DFML%yJ 2MFLHFREMDZLDMąF\VLĊZ3LĞPLHĝZLĊW\PQLHMHVWZĪDGQ\PUD]LHRGELFLHPOXG]NLHJR RMFRVWZDVNDĪRQHJRJU]HFKHP7U]HEDMHUR]XPLHüUDF]HMMDNRHIHNWNU\W\NLVNLHURZD QHMZMHJRVWURQĊ:VSyáF]HVQ\NU\]\VRMFRVWZDLURG]LQ\MHVWMHGQ\P]]DVDGQLF]\FK ĨUyGHáZáDĞFLZHJRMHJRUR]XPLHQLD%HQHG\NW;9,-RVHSK5DW]LQJHUXZDĪDĪHSU]HGH ZV]\VWNLPEUDNXMHPXÄPĊVNLHMVLá\VSUDZLHGOLZRĞFLSHZQRĞFLVLHELHQLH]DZRGQRĞFL DWDNĪHVHUGHF]QHMGREURFLSU]H]FRWDNĪHF]F]DLSXVWDVWDMHVLĊUyZQLHĪPRZDR%RJX´_. .U\]\VLGHL%RJDMDNR2MFDSROHJD]DWHPQDROEU]\PLFKWUXGQRĞFLDFKZ]EXGRZDQLX DQDORJLLPLĊG]\REUD]HP2MFD1LHELHVNLHJRD]LHPVNLPRMFHP-HGQRF]HĞQLHQLHPLHFNL WHRORJ RGĪHJQXMH VLĊ RG MDNLFKNROZLHN ZVSyáF]HVQ\FK SUyE SU\PLW\ZL]DFML 2MFRVWZD %RJDFKFąF\FKZ1LPZLG]LHüMHG\QLHSUyE\VDQNFMRQRZDQLDVSRáHF]QHJRF]\URG]LQ QHJRSRU]ąGNXSDWULDUFKDOQHJRÄ.LPMHVWRMFLHFLNLPSRZLQLHQE\üWHJRGRĞZLDGF]DP\ ZHZ]DMHPQRĞFL2MFDL6\QD,FK]DĞGLDORJVWDQRZLQRZąPLDUĊSU]HNUHĞODMąFąZV]HONLH DQDORJLH´_{:WHRORJLF]QHMUHÀHNVML5DW]LQJHUDMHJRU\VRZDQLHNRQFHSFML%RĪHJR2MFR} VWZDVWDMHVLĊZSHáQL]UR]XPLDáHSU]\XZ]JOĊGQLHQLXWU\QLWDUQHJRUR]XPLHQLD%RJDWR ]QDF]\ RMFRVWZR GRRNUHĞORQH ]RVWDMH SU]H] 6\QRVWZR :]DMHPQD UHODFMD 2MFD L 6\QD Z7UyMF\MHVWSRGVWDZąGRPyZLHQLDRSDUW\F\SDFMLZQLHMMDNR]DVDGQLF]\PSXQNFLH

RGQLHVLHQLDGROXG]NLHJRRMFRVWZD

6ZyM NXOPLQDF\MQ\ SXQNW NU\]\V WU\QLWRORJLF]Q\ RVLąJQąá MHGQDN QD JUXQFLH FKU\ VWRORJLF]Q\P:L]HUXQHN&KU\VWXVDERZLHPMHVW]DVDGQLF]\PSUREOHPHPMHĞOLFKRG]L o ZL]HUXQHN%RJDÄ%RJDPRĪQDVRELHZ\REUD]LüZWDNLHMSRVWDFLZMDNLHM]QDP\*R G]LĊNL -H]XVRZL &KU\VWXVRZL &KU\VWXV PyZL ZV]DN ©.WR 0QLH ]REDF]\á ]REDF]\á WDNĪH L 2MFDª´_{ =DVDGQLF]H QLHEH]SLHF]HĔVWZR %HQHG\NW ;9, GRVWU]HJD Z ]ZLą]NX} ]WHQGHQFMDPLGRVWU]HJDOQ\PLSRĞUyGWHRORJyZNWyU]\QLHQHJXMąFGH¿QLW\ZQLHZLDU\ ZERVNRĞü-H]XVD&KU\VWXVDSURSRQXMąUyĪQHVSRVRE\UR]XPLHQLDLLQWHUSUHWDFMLWHMĪH ERVNRĞFL 7R ZáDĞQLH MHVW GURJD GR SRPQLHMV]HQLD UROL 6\QD 2]QDF]D RQR UHGXNRZD QLHZLDU\Z-H]XVD&KU\VWXVDMDNRÄ-H]XVD±SURMHNWX´ħUyGHáWDNLFKWHQGHQFMLQDOHĪ\ ]GDQLHPEDZDUVNLHJRWHRORJDXSDWU\ZDüZSUyEDFKXSUDZLDQLDFKU\VWRORJLLRGHUZDQHM RGNRQWHNVWXHNOH]MRORJLF]QRNRPXQLMQHJRXVLáXMąFHJRW\PVDP\P]UHGXNRZDüMąGR Z\PLDUX VRFMRORJLF]QHJR SR]EDZLRQHJR HOHPHQWX QDGSU]\URG]RQHJR SRSU]H] SRU]X FHQLHZVSyOQRW\].RĞFLRáHPVSURZDG]DMąFW\PVDP\PGRWDNLHJRUR]XPLHQLD-H]XVD &KU\VWXVDNWyUH-RVHSK5DW]LQJHURNUHĞODNDWHJRULąÄ-H]XVD±SURMHNWX´]EDZLDMąFHJR W\ONR L Z\áąF]QLH Z KLVWRULL :LGDü ]DWHP ĪH Z WHJR W\SX WHQGHQFMDFK XWRĪVDPLHQLH

 _{0DUFHO1HXVFK8ĨUyGHáZVSyáF]HVQHJRDWHL]PX6WRODWG\VNXVMLQDWHPDW%RJD3DULV(GGX'LDORJXH}  _{-RVHSK5DW]LQJHU%HQHGLNW;9,Dogma und Verkündigung'RQDXZ|UWK:HZHO9HUODJ±}  _{5DW]LQJHU%HQHGLNW;9,Dogma und Verkündigung±}

75 NRQNUHWQHM MHGQRVWNRZHM SRVWDFL KLVWRU\F]QHM ± -H]XVD ] 1D]DUHWX ± ] %RJLHP E\ZD X]QDZDQH]DSRZUyWGRPLWX_.

7DNLH UR]P\ZDQLH ]DVDGQLF]\FK NZHVWLL GRJPDW\F]Q\FK WU\QLWDUQ\FK L FKU\VWR ORJLF]Q\FK SURZDG]L Z NRQVHNZHQFML GR SR]EDZLDQLD FKU]HĞFLMDĔVWZD MHJR WRĪVDPR ĞFL3U]HMDZLDVLĊWRZWH]DFKX]QDMąF\FKMH]DMHGQą]ZLHOXGRVWĊSQ\FKQDUHOLJLMQ\P U\QNX SURSR]\FML EĊGąF\FK SRGVWDZą GOD Ī\FLRZ\FK ĞZLDWRSRJOąGyZ QLH]DNRU]HQLR Q\FKZĪDGQHMNRQNUHWQHMMHGQRURGQHMGRNWU\QLH_{5DW]LQJHUDQDOL]XMHWR]DJDGQLHQLH} GRVWU]HJDMąFSU]HQLNDQLHLQVSLUDFML]GZyFKZLHONLFKUHOLJLL'DOHNLHJR:VFKRGX±KLQ GXL]PXRUD]EXGG\]PX -HĞOLEUDüSRGXZDJĊKLQGXL]PV]F]HJyOQLHLVWRWQD±]GDQLHP5DW]LQJHUD±MHVWREHFQD ZQLPLGHDDZDWDUyZ, F]\OL]VWąSLHĔ%RJD:QLHM]QDMGXMHVLĊV]F]HJyOQHQLHEH]SLHF]HĔ VWZRGODFKU]HĞFLMDĔVNLHMNRQFHSFMLEyVWZDÄF]áRZLHNQLHFKFHMXĪ&KU\VWXVDLF]\QL ]1LHJRNROHMQHJRDZDWDUDMHGQą]ZLHOXHSLIDQLLERVNRĞFL´_{2]QDF]DWRUR]P\FLHWU\} QLWDUQHM NRQFHSFML RVRERZHJR %RJD 3RGREQLH RGG]LDáXMH EXGG\]P URG]ąF\ SUDJQLH QLHSU]H]Z\FLĊĪHQLDJUDQLFZáDVQHJRMD2ZV]HPMHVWWRLPSXOVURG]ąF\ZF]áRZLHNX WĊVNQRWĊ]DWUDQVFHQGHQFMą]DVSRWNDQLHP]%RJLHP-HVWWRMHGQDNNRQFHSFMDEyVWZD GLDPHWUDOQLHUyĪQDRGFKU]HĞFLMDĔVNLHMÄ=SRZRGXEXGG\]PXF]áRZLHNPRĪHEURQLüVLĊ SU]HG%RJLHPRVRERZ\PWDNMDNE\ZLDUDZ1LHJRE\áDDQWURSRPRU¿]PHPDZLĊFZDU WRĞFLąSU]HGRVWDWHF]Qą7DNZLĊFGURJDGR&KU\VWXVDPRĪHVLĊWXDOERRWZRU]\üDOER ]DPNQąü´_. -HGQR]QDF]QLH-RVHSK5DW]LQJHU%HQHG\NW;9,Z\ND]XMHQLHPRĪOLZRĞüSU]HSURZD G]HQLDXQL¿NDFMLUyĪQ\FKV\VWHPyZUHOLJLMQ\FK&RZLĊFHMZMHJRUR]XPLHQLXVWDQRZLą RQH]DJURĪHQLHGODRVRERZHMNRQFHSFML%RJDDZNRQVHNZHQFMLSURZDG]ąGRHOLPLQDFML RVRE\-H]XVD&KU\VWXVD7\PF]DVHPVSHF\¿NąUHOLJLLFKU]HĞFLMDĔVNLHM±]GDQLHP5DW ]LQJHUD±MHVWX]QDQLHDEVROXWQHJRJáRVX%RJDNWyU\ZSHáQLREMDZLDVLĊZ-H]XVLH&KU\ VWXVLH_{'ODWHJRWDNLVWRWQHGODEDZDUVNLHJRP\ĞOLFLHODMHVWSRGNUHĞODQLHDEVROXWQRĞFL} LSU\PDWXRVRERZHJR%RJDZNRQWHNĞFLHFKU\VWRORJLF]Q\P7R&KU\VWXVERZLHPREMD ZLD%RJDÄMDNRRF]\ZLVWHGREURF]áRZLHND«-H]XVGDMHQDP©Ī\FLHªGODWHJRĪHGDMH QDP%RJD«3U]\QLyVá%RJDWHUD]]QDP\-HJRREOLF]HWHUD]PRĪHP\*RZ]\ZDü =QDP\GURJĊNWyUąMDNROXG]LHPDP\NURF]\üQDW\PĞZLHFLH-H]XVSU]\QLyVá%RJD DW\PVDP\PSUDZGĊQDV]HJR©GRNąG"ªL©VNąG"ª'DáQDPZLDUĊQDG]LHMĊLPLáRĞü -HĞOLXZDĪDP\ĪHWRPDáRWRW\ONR]SRZRGX]DWZDUG]LDáRĞFLQDV]HJRVHUFD´_2UĊG]LH &KU\VWXVDWRSU]HGHZV]\VWNLPREMDZLHQLH%RJD:SU]\QLHVLRQ\PSU]H]-H]XVD&KU\ VWXVDRUĊG]LXFKRG]L]DWHPSU]HGHZV]\VWNLPR%RJDÄ&KRG]LRSU\PDW%RJD&KR G]LRX]QDQLH-HJRU]HF]\ZLVWRĞFL±U]HF]\ZLVWRĞFLEH]NWyUHMQLFLQQHJRQLHPRĪHE\ü 

*U]HJRU]%DFKDQHNÄ3V\FKRORJLDDWHRORJLD0LHMVFHVSRWNDQLDZDQWURSRORJLF]QHMUHÀHNVML-5DW]LQJHUD´6WX-dia Teologii Dogmatycznej±

 _{&KDUOHV7D\ORUÄĝZLHFNDHSRNDLUyĪQHĞFLHĪNLZLDU\´Znak±}  _{-RVHSK5DW]LQJHUÄ2QLKLOL]PLHSLHNOHLNU\]\VLHZ.RĞFLHOH5R]PRZD]NDUG\QDáHP-y]HIHP5DW]LQJHUHP´} Fronda±  _{5DW]LQJHUÄ2QLKLOL]PLHSLHNOHLNU\]\VLHZ.RĞFLHOH´}  _{-RVHSK5DW]LQJHU:LDUD±SUDZGD±WROHUDQFMD&KU]HĞFLMDĔVWZRDUHOLJLHĞZLDWD.LHOFH:\GDZQLFWZR-HGQRĞü} 

76 GREUH´_{5H]\JQDFMD]%RJDUHODW\ZL]DFMDF]\UR]P\FLHWUHĞFL-HJRSRMĊFLDSRFLąJD} ]DVREąNDWDVWURIDOQHVNXWNLÄ3U\PDW%RJDJG]LHMHJRQLHPDQLFQLHPRĪHE\üGREUH *G]LHQLHZLG]LVLĊ%RJDWDPJLQLHF]áRZLHNLJLQLHĞZLDW´_. 2GU]XFHQLHWHRWUR¿F]QHMZL]MLĪ\FLDOXG]NLHJR .RQVHNZHQFMąNU\]\VXSRMĊFLD%RJDMHVWRGU]XFHQLH*RUyZQR]QDF]QH]RGPyZLHQLHP PXE\FLDFHQWUXPOXG]NLHJRĪ\FLDF]\]DVDGQLF]\PSXQNWHPOXG]NLHJRZDUWRĞFLRZDQLD LSRGHMPRZDQ\FKZ\ERUyZ1LHFKRG]LWXW\ONRRDNFHSWDFMĊEąGĨRGU]XFHQLH%RJDMDNR RNUHĞORQHMZDUWRĞFLOHF]WDNĪHQLHFKĊüGRXĞZLDGRPLHQLDVRELHSU]H]F]áRZLHNDRQW\F] QHM]DOHĪQRĞFLRG1LHJR1DSHZQRPRĪQDWXZ\F]XüSRJáRVQLHW]VFKHDĔVNLFKSRVWXOD WyZÄĞPLHUFL%RJD´NWyU\PXVLRGHMĞü]HZ]JOĊGXQDOXG]NLHSUDZRGRVDPRVWDQRZLHQLD RVRELHLVWDZDQLDÄSR]DGREUHPL]áHP´OHJLW\PL]RZDQ\PGRWHMSRU\SU]H]6WZyUFĊ 5DW]LQJHUVWZLHUG]DĪHZVSyáF]HVQ\F]áRZLHNRGU]XFD%RJDUyZQLHĪSU]H]WRĪHUHOD FMD ] 1LP XĞZLDGDPLD PX MHJR PDáRĞü L RJUDQLF]RQRĞü 7\PF]DVHP F]áRZLHN ZVSyá F]HVQ\PDSRF]XFLHVZRMHMZLHONRĞFLLQLHZVPDNPXNRQLHF]QRĞü]ZUDFDQLDVLĊGR %RJDQDNRODQDFK6SU]HFLZLDVLĊWRZ\EXMDáHMOXG]NLHMPHJDORPDQLLMDNLXSRZV]HFK QLDQHMREHFQLHLGHLSDUWQHUVWZDZ\UDĪRQHMZUHODFMLNROHĪHĔVNLHMEH]PDáDUyZQRU]ĊG QHMMDNF]áRZLHND]F]áRZLHNLHP_. 5RG]LWRLPSXOVGRV]XNDQLDPRĪOLZRĞFLWáXPDF]HQLDĞZLDWDL]DFKRG]ąF\FKZQLP SURFHVyZL]MDZLVNEH]XZ]JOĊGQLDQLD%RJD:W\PQDOHĪ\XSDWU\ZDüWDNLQWHQV\ZQHM UHDNFMLQDSURSR]\FMHW]ZQRZHJRDWHL]PX_{6WDUHDUJXPHQW\EXGRZDQHQDSR]\W\ZL} VW\F]Q\PSDUDG\JPDFLHXSUDZLDQLDQDXNLVWDMąVLĊZVSyáF]HĞQLHZ\VWDUF]DMąF\PDUJX PHQWHPGODXND]DQLDWUXGQRĞFLZSRJRG]HQLXZLDU\ZVWZyUF]HG]LDáDQLH%RJD2MFD ]RGNU\FLDPLQDXNSU]\URGQLF]\FKRUD]WHRULąHZROXFMRQL]PX.RQVHNZHQFMąWHJRMHVW RGPDZLDQLH%RJXDXWRUVWZDDNWXVWZyUF]HJRLVSURZDG]DQLHGRĞZLDGF]HQLDU]HF]\ZL VWRĞFLGRQHRSR]\W\ZLVW\F]QHJR¿]\NDOL]PXGODNWyUHMMHG\Q\PVSRVREHPLQWHUSUHWDFML MHVWHPSLU\F]QLHUR]XPLDQDQDXND_{7HQGHQFMHWH-RVHSK5DW]LQJHURSLVXMHZQDVWĊSX} MąF\VSRVyEÄSRZVWDá\QRZHNDWHFKL]P\QLH]DF]\QDMąFHRG$GDPDRGSRF]ąWNX.VLĊJL *HQHVLVDOHRG$EUDKDPDOXERG.VLĊJL:\MĞFLD.DWHFKL]P\ZNWyU\FKVNRQFHQWUR ZDQRVLĊW\ONRQD«KLVWRULL»DRPLQLĊWRSUREOHP«VWZRU]HQLDE\WX»7DNRWRQDVWąSLáD UHGXNFMDZ\áąF]QLHGR&KU\VWXVDDF]ĊVWRNURüMHG\QLHGRF]áRZLHND±-H]XVD%yJSU]H VWDáE\ü%RJLHP,U]HF]\ZLĞFLHZ\JOąGDQDWRĪHSHZQHJRW\SXWHRORJLHQLHZLHU]ąMXĪ

 _{5DW]LQJHU%HQHG\NW;9,Jezus z Nazaretu. &]ĊĞü,}  _{5DW]LQJHU%HQHG\NW;9,Jezus z Nazaretu. &]ĊĞü,}  _{5DW]LQJHU5DSRUWRVWDQLHZLDU\, 66.}

 _{3LRWU*XWRZVNLÄ&]\PMHVW©QRZ\DWHL]Pª"´Z1DXNLSU]\URGQLF]HDQRZ\DWHL]PUHG06áRPND/XEOLQ} :\GDZQLFWZR.8/±

77 ZLĊFHMZWDNLHJR%RJDNWyU\PRĪH]VWąSLüZPDWHULĊ±DWRMXĪMHVWZ\UD]RERMĊWQRĞFL MHĪHOLQLHQLHFKĊFLGRSR]QDQLDLVWRW\PDWHULL´_. 5DW]LQJHU]GHF\GRZDQLHLMDVQRSU]HFLZVWDZLDVLĊWHJRW\SXWHQGHQFMRPJG\VWZLHU G]DÄ%yJZLHF]Q\UR]XPNWyU\MHVWZLHF]QąPLáRĞFLąVWZRU]\áĞZLDWLWHQĞZLDWSR]R VWDMHZMHJRUĊNDFK´_{3UDZGDR%RJX6WZRU]\FLHOXMHVW]DVDGQLF]ąNZHVWLąMHĞOLFKFH} VLĊZáDĞFLZLHUR]XPLHüWHOHRORJLF]QRĞüĞZLDWDVHQVĪ\FLDOXG]NLHJRQDSLĊFLHURG]ąFH VLĊ ZREHF WDMHPQLF\ ĞPLHUFL 7\ONR XZ]JOĊGQLHQLH Z LQWHUSUHWDFML W\FK VSUDZ LQVSL UDFML FKU]HĞFLMDĔVNLHM NUHDWRORJLL JZDUDQWXMH LFK QLH]UHGXNRZDQ\ SHáQ\ REUD] L GDMH QDG]LHMĊQDU]HF]\ZLVWHLFK]UR]XPLHQLH&RZLĊFHMW\ONRZLDUDZ%RJD6WZyUFĊGDMH F]áRZLHNRZLSHáQH]UR]XPLHQLHMHJR]DGDĔZĞZLHFLHMDNLVWDQRZLLVWRWQ\LPSXOVGR LFKSRGHMPRZDQLDÄ&]\ĔFLHVRELH]LHPLĊSRGGDQą´5G]VWDQRZLERZLHPPDQGDW GR NV]WDáWRZDQLD ĞZLDWD ZH ZV]\VWNLFK NRRUJDQL]XMąF\FK SU]HVWU]HĔ OXG]NLHJR Ī\FLD Z\PLDUDFK UHOLJLMQ\P DNVMRORJLF]Q\P HW\F]Q\P SROLW\F]Q\P JRVSRGDUF]\P F]\ HNRORJLF]Q\P:áDĞQLH]SUDZG\RVWZRU]HQLXLMHMSU]HĪ\ZDQLDZ\QLNDWRĪHÄFKU]H ĞFLMDĔVWZRMHVWF]\PĞZLĊFHMQLĪHWRVHPSHZQHMJUXS\DPLDQRZLFLHRGSRZLHG]LDOQRĞFLą ]DF]áRZLHNDZRJyOHWDNDMHVWERZLHPNRQVHNZHQFMDIDNWXĪHMHJR2GNXSLFLHOHPMHVW ZáDĞQLH6WZyUFD´_.

,PSOLNXMH WR SU]HĪ\ZDQLH SU]H] F]áRZLHND VZHM HJ]\VWHQFML GOD NWyUHM V]F]HJyOQą HNVSOLNDFMąMHVWOXG]NDDNW\QRZRĞüLZROQRĞüZG]LDáDQLXÄ&DáDQDV]D]GROQRĞüWZR U]HQLDPDVZyMSRF]ąWHNZE\FLXVWZRU]RQ\PLZQDV]\PXF]HVWQLFWZLHZVWZyUF]\P G]LDáDQLX%RJD´_{3DUW\F\SDFMDZ%RJXNWyUDZ\QLNDGODF]áRZLHND]IDNWXE\FLDVWZR} U]RQ\PR]QDF]DUyZQLHĪ-HJRQDĞODGRZDQLHZ]URVWZGREUXE\]EOLĪDüVLĊGRLGHDáX MDNLP MHVW 2Q GOD OXG]NLHJR SRVWĊSRZDQLD L SDQRZDQLH QDG ĞZLDWHP 3R]ZDOD WDNĪH F]áRZLHNRZLZáDĞFLZLHUR]XPLHüVZRMHPLHMVFHZĞZLHFLH±MHJRZ\MąWNRZRĞüDOHLMHG QRF]HĞQLH]DOHĪQRĞüRG6WZyUF\5RG]LWRRGSRZLHG]LDOQRĞüF]áRZLHND]DSRGHMPRZDQH Z\ERU\L±ZLFKNRQVHNZHQFML±]DNV]WDáWQDGDZDQ\ĞZLDWXÄSRVWDZDZLDU\Z%RJD 6WZRU]\FLHODWR]QDF]\Z%RJDNWyU\QDSUDZGĊMHVW%RJLHPVWDQRZLMDNE\SXQNWFHQ WUDOQ\ZV]\VWNLFKLQQ\FKSUDZGFKU]HĞFLMDĔVNLFK-HĪHOLWDSRGVWDZDZLDU\VLĊ]DFKZLHMH FDáDUHV]WDUXQLH´_. &]áRZLHNQLHMHVW$EVROXWHP7RXĞZLDGDPLDPXQLHXVWDMąFRSUDZGDRVWZRU]HQLX ]NWyUąZLąĪHVLĊUyZQLHĪWDMHPQLFDOXG]NLHJRXSDGNXF]\OLJU]HFKXSLHUZRURGQHJR 5DW]LQJHUGRVWU]HJDLZ]ZLą]NX]W\PGRJPDWHPWHQGHQFMHZHZVSyáF]HVQHMNXOWXU]H XVLáXMąFH JR ]DNZHVWLRQRZDü 3RGZDĪDQLH SUDZG\ R ZSLVDQą Z OXG]Ną QDWXUĊ QLHGR VNRQDáRĞü L VNáRQQRĞü NX ]áX ZLąĪH VLĊ ] REHFQ\PL Z NXOWXU]H SUyEDPL ]UHGXNRZD QLDĨUyGHá]áDGRF]\QQLNyZZ\áąF]QLH]HZQĊWU]Q\FK±WDNLFKNWyUH]ZLą]DüPRĪQD  _{5DW]LQJHU5DSRUWRVWDQLHZLDU\6NXWNLHPQHJRZDQLDSUDZG\R%RJX6WZyUF\MHVWSRGZDĪDQLHLQQ\FKSUDZG} ZLDU\ Z ]DNUHVLH PDWHULDOQ\FK DVSHNWyZ %RĪHJR REMDZLHQLD L G]LDáDQLD PLQ Z RGQLHVLHQLX GR U]HF]\ZLVWHM REHFQRĞFL-H]XVD&KU\VWXVDZ(XFKDU\VWLLG]LHZLFWZD0DU\LSUDZG]LZRĞFL]PDUWZ\FKZVWDQLD-H]XVD&KU\VWXVD F]\WHĪ]PDUWZ\FKZVWDQLDFLDá  -RVHSK5DW]LQJHU%HQHG\NW;9,1DSRF]ąWNX%yJVWZRU]\á«&]WHU\ND]DQLDRVWZRU]HQLXLXSDGNX.RQVHNZHQ-FMHZLDU\ZVWZRU]HQLH.UDNyZ:\GDZQLFWZR6DOZDWRU  _{-RVHSK5DW]LQJHU%yJ-H]XVD&KU\VWXVD0HG\WDFMHR%RJX7UyMMHG\Q\P}  _{-RVHSK5DW]LQJHU%HQHG\NW;9,.RĞFLyá:VSyOQRWDZGURG]H.LHOFH:\GDZQLFWZR-HGQRĞü}  _{5DW]LQJHU5DSRUWRVWDQLHZLDU\, 67.}



] SURFHVHP HGXNDFML F]\ Z\FKRZDQLD QLHNRU]\VWQ\PL XZDUXQNRZDQLDPL NXOWXURZR VSRáHF]Q\PL6]F]HJyOQ\PZ\UD]HPW\FKWHQGHQFMLMHVWSRMDZLDQLHVLĊZQDUUDFMLWHR ORJLF]QHMMDNLSXEOLF\VW\FH±]DPLDVWNDWHJRULLRGNXSLHQLD±SRMĊüÄSU]H]Z\FLĊĪDQLD´ EąGĨÄZ\]ZROHQLD´ :UD]]SURPRFMąZQRZHMIRUPLHPLQSU]H]QRZ\DWHL]PDWHLVW\F]QLHLQWHUSUHWR ZDQ\FKLGHLHZROXFMRQLVW\F]Q\FKGRVWU]HJDüPRĪQDWHQGHQFMHGRUH]\JQDFML]SRZLą]D QLDOXG]NLHMXSDGáHMQDWXU\JU]HFKSLHUZRURGQ\]WDMHPQLFąRGNXSLHQLDZ&KU\VWXVLH DSU]\QDMPQLHMSUyE\MHMUHGXNFMLW\ONRGRVIHU\V\PEROXF]\PLWXÄ-HĪHOLMXĪIXQNFMR QXMHWXWDNLHSRMĊFLHWRW\ONRMDNRV\PEROPLWZVND]XMąF\QDQLHGRVWDWNLGDQHJRHWDSX UR]ZRMXZKLVWRULLF]áRZLHNDSRF]ąWNRZRQLHGRVNRQDáHJRDGRSLHUR]PLHU]DMąFHJRGR GRVNRQDáRĞFLGRSHáQHMUHDOL]DFML´_. =GDQLHP -RVHSKD 5DW]LQJHUD%HQHG\NWD ;9, WHJR W\SX WHQGHQFMH VWDQRZLą ]DZR DORZDQHSUyE\UHODW\ZL]DFMLDQDZHWFDáNRZLWHJRSRGZDĪHQLDIXQGDPHQWDOQHMSUDZG\ ZLDU\ FKU]HĞFLMDĔVNLHM MDNą MHVW GRJPDW FKU\VWRORJLF]Q\ 0RJą RQH GRSURZDG]Lü GR ÄZ\ZUyFHQLDQDRSDNFKU]HĞFLMDĔVWZD±&KU\VWXVSU]HQRVLVLĊ]SU]HV]áRĞFLZ\áąF]QLH ZSU]\V]áRĞü]EDZLHQLHR]QDF]DW\ONRPDUV]ZSU]\V]áRĞüXZDUXQNRZDQ\NRQLHF]QR ĞFLą HZROXF\MQą PDUV] SURZDG]ąF\ GR SHUIHNFML´_{ 2]QDF]D WR ± SU]HVWU]HJD 5DW]LQ} JHU±UHGXNFMĊSRMĊFLDRVRE\OXG]NLHMGRXMĊüIXQNFMRQDOLVW\F]Q\FKLQWHUSUHWXMąF\FKMą MDNRÄSURGXNW´RNUHĞORQ\FKSURFHVyZL]MDZLVNSRWHQFMDOQLHXGRVNRQDODQ\]DSU]\F]\Qą RNUHĞORQ\FK SURFHGXU RGG]LDá\ZDQLD NV]WDáWXMąF\FK JR F]\QQLNyZ WRWDOQLH Z\]XW\ ] RGQLHVLHQLD GR WUDQVFHQGHQFML 7DNLH UR]XPLHQLH F]áRZLHND R]QDF]D ZLĊF FDáNRZLWH SRPLQLĊFLH]DJDGQLHĔJU]HFKXRGNXSLHQLDF]\áDVNL5H]\JQDFMD]SUDZG\RJU]HFKX SLHUZRURGQ\PWRZ\UD]JáĊERNLFKWUXGQRĞFLSRVWU]HJDQLDF]áRZLHNDSU]H]VDPHJRVLH ELHZRGQLHVLHQLXGR%RJDLĞZLDWD:\SLHUDMąFSUDZGĊRVZHMQLHGRVNRQDáRĞFLF]áRZLHN D¿UPXMHWH]ĊRPRĪOLZRĞFLZROQHJRQLF]\PQLHRJUDQLF]RQHJRDXWRNUHRZDQLDVDPHJR VLHELHRUD]RJáDV]DVLĊDEVROXWQ\PVXZHUHQHPĞZLDWDQLH]DĞMHJRÄG]LHUĪDZFą´NWy UHPXMHVWRQ]DGDQ\ =DNRĔF]HQLH

.ZHVWLD NU\]\VX LGHL %RJD GOD 5DW]LQJHUD QLH MHVW ]DJDGQLHQLHP W\ONR WHRUHW\F]Q\P 2F]\ZLVW\PMHVWGODQLHJRĪHÄEH]%RJDVSUDZ\QLHPRJąLĞüGREU]H´_{'ODWHJRWHĪ} FRNROZLHNZĪ\FLXOXG]NLPEĊG]LHVLĊGRNRQ\ZDüEH]%RJDRNDĪHVLĊGURJąGRQLNąG L RVWDWHF]QLH EĊG]LH GRPDJDü VLĊ SU]HPLDQ\ L QDZUyFHQLD 'ODWHJR ZVSyáF]HVQD NXO WXUDZHZV]\VWNLFKMHMDVSHNWDFKGRPDJDVLĊQRZHJRÄSU]HZURWXNRSHUQLNDĔVNLHJR´± QRZHJRSDUDG\JPDWXGODSHáQHJRLZáDĞFLZHMUHLQWHUSUHWDFMLU]HF]\ZLVWRĞFLD]ZáDV]F]D F]áRZLHNDZRGQLHVLHQLXGR%RJDLĞZLDWD 7DNLPSU]HZURWHPMHVWSU]\MĊFLHZLDU\LZMHMGXFKXSU]HZDUWRĞFLRZDQLHSRVWU]HJD QLDVZRMHMHJ]\VWHQFMLZHZV]\VWNLFKNRQVW\WXXMąF\FKMąXZDUXQNRZDQLDFKÄ.RSHUQLN  _{5DW]LQJHU5DSRUWRVWDQLHZLDU\}  _{5DW]LQJHU5DSRUWRVWDQLHZLDU\}  -RVHSK5DW]LQJHUÄ:\ELHU]P\Ī\FLH´Z1LHFKMDĞQLHMHĞZLDWáR%RĪH'XFKRZDZL]MD2MFDĝZLĊWHJR%HQHG\N-WD;9,UHG5D\0R\QLKDQ.UDNyZ:\GDZQLFWZR$$

 RGNU\áĪHWRQLH6áRĔFHNUąĪ\ZRNyá=LHPLOHF]ĪH=LHPLDLLQQHSODQHW\NUąĪąZRNyá 6áRĔFD.DĪG\]QDVQDSRF]ąWNXZLG]LVDPHJRVLHELHMDNRPDáą=LHPLĊZRNyáNWyUHM SRZLQQ\NUąĪ\üZV]\VWNLH6áRĔFD:LDUDXF]\QDVZ\MĞFLD]WHJREáĊGXLZáąF]HQLDVLĊ ZUD]]ZV]\VWNLPLLQQ\PLZVZHJRURG]DMXWDQLHFPLáRĞFLNWyU\SRUXV]DVLĊZRNyá MHG\QHJRFHQWUXP±%RJD7\ONRMHĞOL%yJLVWQLHMHW\ONRMHĞOL2QVWDáVLĊFHQWUXPPRMHJR Ī\FLDPRJĊU]HF]\ZLĞFLHNRFKDüLQQ\FK©MDNVLHELHVDPHJRª-HĞOLMHGQDN2QLVWQLHMH MHĞOLVWDáVLĊPRLPFHQWUXPZyZF]DVPRĪQD]GRE\üWĊZHZQĊWU]QąZROQRĞüPLáRĞFL´_.

:LDUD W\ONR ZWHG\ MHVW MHGQDN Z VWDQLH ]UHDOL]RZDü WDN IRUPXáRZDQą ZREHF QLHM PLVMĊJG\VWDQRZLSU]HVWU]HĔVSRWNDQLD]%RJLHPĪ\Z\PLSUDZG]LZ\P6]F]HJyOQą SRWU]HEąFKZLOLMHVWZLĊFLGHQW\¿NDFMDSRZVWDMąF\FKZRGQLHVLHQLXGRREUD]X%RJDWHR ORJLF]Q\FKLNXOWXURZ\FKSDWRORJLLREQDĪHQLHLFKGHVWUXNF\MQ\FKVNXWNyZLZ\GDQLH LPVNXWHF]QHMZDONL %LEOLRJUD¿D %DFKDQHN*U]HJRU]Ä3V\FKRORJLDDWHRORJLD0LHMVFHVSRWNDQLDZDQWURSRORJLF]QHMUHÀHNVML -5DW]LQJHUD´6WXGLD7HRORJLL'RJPDW\F]QHM± %HQHG\NW;9,&DULWDVLQYHULWDWH2LQWHJUDOQ\PUR]ZRMXOXG]NLPZPLáRĞFLLSUDZG]LH. .UDNyZ:\GDZQLFWZR0 %HQHG\NW;9,'HXVFDULWDVHVW%yJMHVWPLáRĞFLą.UDNyZ:\GDZQLFWZR0 %HQHG\NW;9,0\ĞOLGXFKRZH3R]QDĔ:\GDZQLFWZR:GURG]H %HQHG\NW;9,Ä©1LHFKĞZ$XJXVW\QEĊG]LHGODQDVZ]RUHPGLDORJXLUR]XPX»6SRWND QLH]HZVSyOQRWąDNDGHPLFNąQDG]LHG]LĔFXXQLZHUV\WHWX3DZLDNZLHWQLDU´ /¶2VVHUYDWRUH5RPDQR %HQHG\NW;9,2VHQVLHE\FLDFKU]HĞFLMDQLQHP.UDNyZ:\GDZQLFWZR6DOZDWRU %HQHG\NW ;9, ĝZLDWáRĞü ĞZLDWD 3DSLHĪ .RĞFLyá L ]QDNL F]DVX : UR]PRZLH ] 3HWHUHP

6HHZDOGHP.UDNyZ:\GDZQLFWZR=QDN %HUOLĔVNL'DYLG6]DWDĔVNLHXURMHQLH:DUV]DZD:\GDZQLFWZR3UyV]\ĔVNLL6ND %RQHWH3HUDOHV(QULTXH)LOyVRIRVDQWH&KULVWR0DGULG(GLFLyQ7HFQRV %RURZLN,UHQDÄ6RFMRORJLDUHOLJLLZ;;ZLHNX2G©RGNU\FLDªVHNXODU\]DFMLGRMHM]DQHJR ZDQLD´$WHQHXP.DSáDĔVNLH± &RUHWK(PHULFK*RWWLPSKLORVRSKLVFKHQ'HQNHQ6WXWWJDUW±%HUOLQ±.|OQ9HUODJ:.RKO KDPPHU &XSSLW'RQ3R%RJX2SU]\V]áRĞFLUHOLJLL:DUV]DZD:\GDZQLFWZR&,6 'DZNLQV5LFKDUG%yJXURMRQ\:DUV]DZD:\GDZQLFWZR&,6 *XWRZVNL3LRWUÄ&]\PMHVW©QRZ\DWHL]Pª´":1DXNLSU]\URGQLF]HDQRZ\DWHL]P, red. 06áRPND±/XEOLQ:\GDZQLFWZR.8/ /LOOD0DUN%H]VLOQ\%yJ5HOLJLDSROLW\NDLQRZRF]HVQ\=DFKyG:DUV]DZD:\GDZQLFWZR :$%:DUV]DZD 0DULDĔVNL-DQXV]Ä6HNXODU\]DFMDDQRZHIRUP\UHOLJLMQRĞFL´5RF]QLNL1DXN6SRáHF]Q\FK ±  _{-RVHSK5DW]LQJHU3DWU]HüQD&KU\VWXVD.UDNyZ:\GDZQLFWZR6DOZDWRU-RVHSK5DW]LQJHU%HQH} G\NW;9,2VHQVLHE\FLDFKU]HĞFLMDQLQHP.UDNyZ:\GDZQLFWZR6DOZDWRU

 1HXVFK0DUFHO8ĨUyGHáZVSyáF]HVQHJRDWHL]PX6WRODWG\VNXVMLQDWHPDW%RJD3DULV(G GX'LDORJXH 5DW]LQJHU-RVHSK%yJLĞZLDW:LDUDLĪ\FLHZG]LVLHMV]\FKF]DVDFK=NDUG\QDáHP-RVHSKHP 5DW]LQJHUHP%HQHG\NWHP;9,UR]PDZLD3HWHU6HHZDOG.UDNyZ:\GDZQLFWZR=QDN  5DW]LQJHU-RVHSK%yJ-H]XVD&KU\VWXVD0HG\WDFMHR%RJX7UyMMHG\Q\P.UDNyZ:\GDZ QLFWZR=QDN 5DW]LQJHU-RVHSKDuch liturgii3R]QDĔ:\GDZQLFWZR&KULVWLDQLWDV 5DW]LQJHU-RVHSK1RZDSLHĞĔGOD3DQD:LDUDZ&KU\VWXVDDOLWXUJLDG]LVLDM.UDNyZ :\GDZQLFWZR=QDN 5DW]LQJHU-RVHSKÄ2QLKLOL]PLHSLHNOHLNU\]\VLHZ.RĞFLHOH5R]PRZD]NDUG\QDáHP-y]H IHP5DW]LQJHUHP´Fronda± 5DW]LQJHU-RVHSK3DWU]HüQD&KU\VWXVD.UDNyZ:\GDZQLFWZR6DOZDWRU 5DW]LQJHU-RVHSK5DSRUWRVWDQLHZLDU\=NDUG\QDáHP-RVHSKHP5DW]LQJHUHPUR]PDZLD

Vittorio Messori.UDNyZ±:DUV]DZD±6WUXJD:\GDZQLFWZR0LFKDOLQHXP

5DW]LQJHU -RVHSK 6yO ]LHPL &KU]HĞFLMDĔVWZR L .RĞFLyá NDWROLFNL QD SU]HáRPLH W\VLąFOHFL =NDUG\QDáHP-RVHSKHP5DW]LQJHUHPUR]PDZLD3HWHU6HHZDOG.UDNyZ:\GDZQLF WZR=QDN 5DW]LQJHU-RVHSK:LDUD±SUDZGD±WROHUDQFMD&KU]HĞFLMDĔVWZRDUHOLJLHĞZLDWD.LHOFH :\GDZQLFWZR-HGQRĞü 5DW]LQJHU-RVHSK:SURZDG]HQLHZFKU]HĞFLMDĔVWZR.UDNyZ:\GDZQLFWZR=QDN 5DW]LQJHU-RVHSKÄ:\ELHU]P\Ī\FLH´:1LHFKMDĞQLHMHĞZLDWáR%RĪH'XFKRZDZL]MD2MFD ĝZLĊWHJR%HQHG\NWD;9,UHG5D\0R\QLKDQ.UDNyZ:\GDZQLFWZR$$ 5DW]LQJHU-RVHSK%HQHGLNW;9,Dogma und Verkündigung'RQDXZ|UWK:HZHO9HUODJ



5DW]LQJHU-RVHSK%HQHG\NW;9,Jezus z Nazaretu.

&]ĊĞü,2GFKU]WXZ-RUGDQLHGR3U]H-mienienia.UDNyZ:\GDZQLFWZR0 5DW]LQJHU-RVHSK%HQHG\NW;9,.RĞFLyá:VSyOQRWDZGURG]H.LHOFH:\GDZQLFWZR-HG QRĞü 5DW]LQJHU-RVHSK%HQHG\NW;9,1DSRF]ąWNX%yJVWZRU]\á«&]WHU\ND]DQLDRVWZRU]HQLX LXSDGNX.RQVHNZHQFMHZLDU\ZVWZRU]HQLH.UDNyZ:\GDZQLFWZR6DOZDWRU 5DW]LQJHU-RVHSK%HQHG\NW;9,2VHQVLHE\FLDFKU]HĞFLMDQLQHP.UDNyZ:\GDZQLFWZR 6DOZDWRU.UDNyZ 5HFXHUR-RVp5DPyQ/DFXHVWLyQGH'LRV'LiORJRVFRQ'HVFDUWHV)HXHUEDFK0DU[1LH-tzsche y Ratzinger0DGULG(GLFLyQ%LEOLRWHFD1XHYD 5\FKOLFNL&]HVáDZ%yJMHVWPLáRĞFLąUHÀHNVMDQDGHQF\NOLNą%HQHG\NWD;9,3áRFN3áRFNL ,QVW\WXW:\GDZQLF]\ 6SDHPDQQ5REHUWÄ3\WDQLHR]QDF]HQLHVáRZD©%yJª´ Communio± 6]\PLN-HU]\Ä3RĪąGDMąF\ZLQQLF\$JQRVW\F\]PDWHL]PLDQW\WHL]PZRFHQLH-5DW]LQ JHUD%HQHG\NWD;9,´3R]QDĔVNLH6WXGLD7HRORJLF]QH±

6]\PLN -HU]\ Ä:REHF GHFKU\VWLDQL]DFML -RVHSK 5DW]LQJHU%HQHG\NW ;9, R ]DVDGDFK LGXFKRZRĞFLQRZHMHZDQJHOL]DFML´3HUVSHFWLYD/HJQLFNLH6WXGLD7HRORJLF]QR+LVWR-ryczne±



ĝOLZLĔVNL3LRWU-RUGDQÄ6HNW\LUXFK\UHOLJLMQHZ]JOREDOL]RZDQ\PĞZLHFLH´:Globalo-SROLV.RVPLF]QDZLRVND6]DQVHL]DJURĪHQLDUHG5REHUW%RUNRZVNL±:DU V]DZD,QVW\WXW:\GDZQLF]\3$;

7D\ORU&KDUOHVÄĝZLHFNDHSRNDLUyĪQHĞFLHĪNLZLDU\´ Znak ±

=ZROLĔVNL $QGU]HM 3RJXELHQL Z ZDUWRĞFLDFK 2EUD] ZVSyáF]HVQHM UHOLJLMQRĞFL .UDNyZ :\GDZQLFWZR6DOZDWRU

6WUHV]F]HQLH

Ä3UDZG]LZ\PSUREOHPHPQDV]HMHSRNLMHVW©NU\]\V%RJDª´±VWZLHUG]D-RVHSK5DW]LQJHU %HQHG\NW;9,:MHJRGRURENXQDXNRZ\PMDNLSU]HSRZLDGDQ\PNHU\JPDFLHRGQDOHĨü PRĪHP\ SUHF\]\MQH Z\SXQNWRZDQLH SU]\F]\Q WHJR ]MDZLVND MDN UyZQLHĪ NRQVHNZHQFMH ]DFKRG]ąF\FK ]PLDQ L SURFHVyZ GOD Ī\FLD UHOLJLMQHJR WHRORJLL RUD] ZVSyáF]HVQHM NXOWXU\ :VZ\FKWHNVWDFKHPHU\WRZDQ\SDSLHĪMDZLVLĊQLHW\ONRMDNRE\VWU\REVHUZDWRUREHFQ\FK ZHZVSyáF]HVQ\PĞZLHFLH]MDZLVNDOHUyZQLHĪMDNRRVREDSU]HVWU]HJDMąFDSU]HGLFKQHJD W\ZQ\PLVNXWNDPLRUD]IRUPXáXMąFDSURSR]\FMHUR]ZLą]DĔSRMDZLDMąF\FKVLĊSUREOHPyZ 6áRZDNOXF]RZH-RVHSK5DW]LQJHU%HQHG\NW;9,NU\]\VLGHL%RJDWHRORJLDGRJPDW\F]QD DQWURSRORJLDWHRORJLF]QD $EVWUDFW -26(3+5$7=,1*(5%(1(',&7;9,217+(&217(0325$5<&5,6,6 2)7+(,'($2)*2'$1'7+(&216(48(1&(6 -RVHSK5DW]LQJHU%HQHGLFW;9,VWDWHVWKDW³7KHWUXHSUREOHPRIRXUWLPHVLVWKH©&ULVLVRI *RGª´,QKLVVFLHQWL¿FDFKLHYHPHQWVDQGWKHSURFODLPHGNHU\JPDDOOWKHUHDVRQVIRUWKDWSKH QRPHQRQFDQEHIRXQG0RUHRYHUKHLQGLFDWHVWKHFRQVHTXHQFHVRIWKHFKDQJHVDQGSURFHVVHV IRUWKHUHOLJLRXVOLIHWKHRORJ\DQGFRQWHPSRUDU\FXOWXUH7KHUHWLUHG3RSHDSSHDUVLQKLVZRUNV QRWRQO\DVDQDVWXWHREVHUYHURIWKHPRGHUQZRUOG¶VSKHQRPHQDEXWDOVRWKHRQHZKRZDUQV DJDLQVWLWVQHJDWLYHH൵HFWV$WWKHVDPHWLPHKHIRUPXODWHVVROXWLRQVWRWKHHPHUJLQJSUREOHPV .H\ZRUGV-RVHSK5DW]LQJHU%HQHGLFW;9,WKHFULVLVRIWKHLGHDRI*RGGRJPDWLFWKHRORJ\ &KULVWLDQDQWKURSRORJ\