vv
THE ANALYSIS OF THE DEVELOPMENT
STRATEGIES OF SELECTED LOCAL
GOVERNMENT UNITS, INCLUDING TYPES OF
COMMUNES
(PLOLD1RUNRZVND 1
Abstract
This operation is aimed at economic growth, meeting the needs of local communities, creating new practical values of the commune, and improving the already existing ones. Local government units are a major reference point for the local development. The aim of this paper is to check whether the type of selected municipalities, urban-rural and rural units influences the direction of local development, as it is in the case of practical values of the unit, available natural resources, and funds. To meet this end, an analysis of the development strategies of three different communal units was made: Krakow PXQLFLSDOLW\.öW\UXUDOXUEDQFRPPXQHDQG.OXF]HUXUDOFRPPXQH%DVHG on a comparison of strategic and operational objectives included within the strategies, the hypothesis which claims that the type of units adopted to be analyzed influence the direction of their local development was confirmed. In their objectives of development strategies, all of the studied units emphasize the need to take action for economic development, education, and housing. However, the remaining strategic and operational objectives are divergent. The most significant difference was noticed between the municipality and the rural unit. Their targets range from fulfilling the need for international promotion of the city, to the necessity of ensuring the residents access to water and sewer systems. The conclusions derived from this analysis will allow further research. Its effect is to facilitate the selection of appropriate tools for local development in relation to a certain administrative unit.
Keywords: local development, local development objectives, commune, local
government unit, local development strategy.
3K'6WXGHQW)DFXOW\RI(FRQRPLFVDQG,QWHUQDWLRQDO5HODWLRQV'HSDUWPHQWRI(FRQRPLFVDQG5HDO(VWDWH,QYHVWPHQW 3URFHVV&UDFRZ8QLYHUVLW\RI(FRQRPLFVXO5DNRZLFND&UDFRZHPDLOQRUNRZVND#JPDLOFRP
vv 1. Introduction 7KHSUREOHPRIORFDOLVPRULJLQDWHGLQWKHODWHpVZKHQWKHFULVLVRIUHJLRQDO SROLWLFVPDQLIHVWHGLWVHOILQ:HVWHUQ(XURSH$VDUHVXOWHFRQRPLFVWDJQDWLRQ SDLQIXOO\DIIHFWHGORFDOFRPPXQLWLHVDQGWKHLUHQYLURQPHQWLQFOXGLQJODUJH HQWHUSULVHV3DMñ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äRSROVND.UDNRZPXQLFLSDOLW\DVZHOODV.öW\DQG.OXF]H FRPPXQHV
7KHHVVHQFHRIORFDOGHYHORSPHQW
/RFDO GHYHORSPHQW LV WKH VXEMHFW RIWHQ XQGHUWDNHQ LQ ERWK GLVFXVVLRQV DQG VFLHQWLILFVWXGLHVFRQFHUQLQJLQWHUDOLDORFDOJRYHUQPHQW,WLVDOVRUHIOHFWHG LQ WKH PXOWLWXGH RI WHUPV GHILQLQJ WKLV LVVXH +RZHYHU WKHUH LV D FRPPRQ EHOLHIVWDWLQJWKDWORFDOGHYHORSPHQWVKRXOGEHDVVRFLDWHGZLWKGHVLUDEOHDQG SRVLWLYH TXDOLWDWLYH TXDQWLWDWLYH DQG VWUXFWXUDO WUDQVIRUPDWLRQV RI D JLYHQ V\VWHP7KLVLGHDUHODWHVWRWZRSULQFLSDOWHUPVWKDWLVWHUULWRU\DQGFKDQJH 1DZRUÑOS,QRUGHUWRIDFLOLWDWHWKHIRUPXODWLRQRIWKHGHILQLWLRQ LWLVZRUWKWRDQDO\]HERWKHOHPHQWVRIWKHWHUPrORFDOGHYHORSPHQWs
'HYHORSPHQWLVDVVRFLDWHGZLWKDFKDQJHRIWKHFXUUHQWVWDWH+RZHYHU WKLVLVE\DOOPHDQVDSURFHVVWKDWEULQJVEHQHILWVDQGOHDGVWRHYHQPRUHSHUIHFW
vv
VWDWHV'HYHORSPHQWLVGHILQHGE\:.UDMHZVNLSDVpDNLQGRI FKDLQRIGLUHFWHGDQGLUUHYHUVLEOHFKDQJHVRFFXUULQJLQWKHVWUXFWXUHRIFRPSOH[ REMHFWVq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äNRZVNDS v WKHDUHDRIGLVWULFWVDQGFRPPXQHV v WKHDUHDRIFRPPXQHV 7KLVGLYHUJHQFHVWHPVIURPWKHREMHFWLYHVDQGUHVRXUFHVXVHGRQDJLYHQ WHUULWRU\6RPHRIWKHWDVNVUHTXLUHFRRSHUDWLRQDWDKLJKHUOHYHOWKDQWKHORFDO DXWKRULWLHV7KHOLWHUDWXUHRQWKHVXEMHFWLVYHU\KHOSIXOLQGHWHUPLQLQJWKLV GLVWLQFWLRQ$FFRUGLQJWR07URMDQHNqVLQWHUSUHWDWLRQSORFDOLW\ FDQEHXQGHUVWRRGLQWKUHHYDULRXVZD\V
v ORFDOLW\ DV DQ HOHPHQW FKDUDFWHUL]LQJ D SURSHUW\ RI WKH DQDO\]HG V\VWHPRUHQWLW\ZLWKUHVSHFWWRWKHLQWHUFRQQHFWHGVXUURXQGLQJDQG SULPDU\V\VWHPVLQWKLVUHJDUGFRPPXQHLVDORFDOV\VWHPLQUHODWLRQ WRSURYLQFHZKLFKLQWXUQLVORFDOLQUHODWLRQWRWKHFRXQWU\ v ORFDOLW\DVDPHDVXUHRIDJLYHQSDUWRIWKHWHUULWRU\LQUHODWLRQWRWKH ZKROHVWDQGLQJDVLWVUHODWLYHO\VPDOOSDUWLWLVDVVXPHGWKDWORFDOLW\ UHIHUVWRZKDWLVELJJHUWKDQDVLQJOHVHWWOHPHQWXQLWEXWVPDOOHUWKDQ WKHUHJLRQ
v ORFDOLW\ DV GLVWLQFWQHVV ZKLFK PHDQV D SRVVLELOLW\ WR XQGHUWDNH DXWRQRPRXVDFWLRQVLQUHODWLRQWRVLPLODUV\VWHPV
7KLVLQWHUSUHWDWLRQLQGLFDWHVWKDWLQORFDOGHYHORSPHQWORFDOLW\GRHVQRW DSSO\H[FOXVLYHO\WRWKHWHUULWRU\/RFDOLW\VKRXOGEHXQGHUVWRRGDVDUHODWLRQ RI VXERUGLQDWLRQ EHWZHHQ XQLWV DQG WKH DELOLW\ WR WDNH FHUWDLQ LQGHSHQGHQW DFWLRQV :KDW LV PRUH WKLV UHVWULFWLRQ FKDUDFWHUL]HV QRW RQO\ JHRJUDSKLFDO FRQVWUDLQWEXWLWDOVRUHODWHVWRWKHVRFLHW\ZKLFKSOD\VDYHU\HVVHQWLDOUROH LQORFDOGHYHORSPHQW:LWKLQWKHWKHRU\RIORFDOGHYHORSPHQWWKLVSRSXODWLRQ LVUHIHUUHGWRDVrORFDOFRPPXQLW\s%UROS7KHFKDUDFWHULVWLFV RIWKLVFRPPXQLW\DUHFRQYHUJHQWZLWKWKHIRUHJRLQJLQWHUSUHWDWLRQRIORFDOLW\ SURSRVHGE\07URMDQHN7KLVLVDJURXSRISHRSOHZKRDUHFRQQHFWHGZLWK HDFKRWKHUE\DFHUWDLQV\VWHPRIUHODWLRQVKLSV7KLVJURXSKDVVRPHFRPPRQ YDOXHV DQG LW FRQVLGHUDEO\ GLVWLQJXLVKHV LWVHOI IURP RWKHU FRPPXQLWLHV
vv
DFFRUGLQJ WR WKH SULQFLSOH RI GLVWLQFWLRQ 7R VRPH H[WHQW ORFDO FRPPXQLW\ LV VHOIVXIILFLHQW DQG FDSDEOH RI PHHWLQJ WKH EDVLF QHHGV RI LWV PHPEHUV $FFRUGLQJWR$6]WDQGRWKHLQIOXHQFHZKLFKDORFDOFRPPXQLW\KDV RQORFDOGHYHORSPHQWFDQDSSHDULQWZRIRUPV
v &RPPXQLW\OLYLQJLQDJLYHQWHUULWRU\WUDQVIRUPVLWWKURXJKLQGLYLGXDO DFWLRQVRILWVPHPEHUV
v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pKDUPRQL]HG DQG V\VWHPDWLF DFWLRQ FDUULHG RXW LQ D ORFDO FRPPXQLW\LQYROYLQJSHRSOHLQWHUHVWHGWKHUHVXOWVRIZKLFKVHUYHWRPHHWWKH VRFLDOQHHGVRIWKHORFDOVDQGFRQWULEXWHWRWKHRYHUDOOSURJUHVVq6]WDQGR S7KHLPSRUWDQFHRIORFDOFRPPXQLW\LQWKHFUHDWLRQRIORFDOGHYHORSPHQW LVDOVRHPSKDVL]HGE\-3DU\VHNSZKRGHILQHVLWDVpRSHUDWLQJIRU HFRQRPLFDQGVRFLDOGHYHORSPHQWRIDJLYHQWHUULWRULDOXQLWFLW\FRPPXQH XVLQJLWVUHVRXUFHVWDNLQJLQWRDFFRXQWWKHQHHGVRIWKHUHVLGHQWVWDNLQJLQWR FRQVLGHUDWLRQWKHLUFRQWULEXWLRQWRWKHDFWLYLWLHVXQGHUWDNHQq7KHODVWRIWKH GHILQLWLRQVZDVIRUPXODWHGE\5%UROTXRWHGDIWHU0DäNRZVND S$SDUWIURPORFDOFRPPXQLW\KHSD\VDWWHQWLRQWRDKLJKO\HVVHQWLDO DVSHFW ZKLFK LV KRZ GHYHORSPHQW LQIOXHQFHV UHJLRQDO HFRORJ\ +H GHILQHV GHYHORSPHQW DV pKDUPRQL]HG DQG V\VWHPDWLF DFWLRQ FDUULHG RXW E\ ORFDO FRPPXQLW\ ORFDO DXWKRULW\ DQG RWKHU VXEMHFWV IXQFWLRQLQJ LQ WKH FRPPXQH DQGLQWHQGHGWRFUHDWHQHZDQGLPSURYHWKHDOUHDG\H[LVWLQJSUDFWLFDOYDOXHV RI WKH FRPPXQH SURYLGH IDYRUDEOH FRQGLWLRQV IRU WKH ORFDO HFRQRP\ DQG HQVXUHVSDWLDODQGHFRORJLFDORUGHUq
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
vv
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þVNLS
/RFDOGHYHORSPHQWREMHFWLYHV
'HILQLWLRQV RI ORFDO GHYHORSPHQW HPSKDVL]H LWV YDULRXV OHYHOV 7KH PRVW IUHTXHQWO\LQGLFDWHGOHYHOVRIGHYHORSPHQWDUHVRFLDOHFRQRPLFHQYLURQPHQWDO SROLWLFDO FXOWXUDO DQG VSDWLDO ,W VKRXOG EH QRWHG WKDW WKH DERYHPHQWLRQHG DUHDVLQWHUIHUHZLWKHDFKRWKHUDQGFRPSOHPHQWHDFKRWKHU7KHVHOHYHOVFDQ DOVREHQRWLFHGLQWKHDVSHFWVRIFRPPXQHGHYHORSPHQWHQXPHUDWHGEHORZ DQGSURSRVHGE\0$GDPRZLF]S$FFRUGLQJWRWKHDXWKRUORFDO GHYHORSPHQWRIDFRPPXQHPDQLIHVWVLWVHOIE\ v HFRQRPLFJURZWK v LQFUHDVHRISURVSHULW\DQGTXDOLW\RIOLIHRIWKHSRSXODWLRQ v LQFUHDVHRILQYHVWPHQWDWWUDFWLYHQHVV v WHFKQLFDOGHYHORSPHQWDQGLPSOHPHQWDWLRQRILQQRYDWLRQV v UHVWUXFWXULQJDQGGLYHUVLILFDWLRQRIEXVLQHVVDFWLYLW\ v GHYHORSPHQWRISXEOLFZHOIDUHVHUYLFHVDQGUHVRXUFHV v JURZWKRIMREDQGVRFLDOPRELOLW\RIWKHSRSXODWLRQ v GHYHORSPHQWRIWKHLQVWLWXWLRQDOLQIUDVWUXFWXUH
v UHFXOWLYDWLRQ DQG LPSURYHPHQW RI WKH TXDOLW\ RI WKH QDWXUDO HQYLURQPHQW
v VWUHQJWKHQLQJORFDOUHJLRQDODQGHQYLURQPHQWDOLGHQWLW\
7KH DIRUHPHQWLRQHG OHYHOV RI GHYHORSPHQW FDQ DOVR EH QRWLFHG E\ DQDO\]LQJ WKH GHYHORSPHQW REMHFWLYHV ZKLFK UHODWH PDLQO\ WR WKH DUHDV HQXPHUDWHGDERYH7KHORFDOGHYHORSPHQWREMHFWLYHVDUHXQLYHUVDOEXWXQGHU FHUWDLQORFDOFRQGLWLRQVWKH\DUHVSHFLILHGDQGKLHUDUFKL]HGDQGDGMXVWHGWRWKH H[LVWLQJFRQGLWLRQVRIGHYHORSPHQW:RMWDVLHZLF]S,WPHDQVWKDW GHSHQGLQJRQDGLUHFWLRQRIGHYHORSPHQWWKHDXWKRULWLHVRIWKHXQLWHVWDEOLVK DGHTXDWHPDLQDQGGHWDLOHGREMHFWLYHV
,Q LWV DFWLYLWLHV WKH DXWKRULWLHV RI WKH FRPPXQDO ORFDO JRYHUQPHQW DUH REOLJHG WR IROORZ WKH ZHOOEHLQJ RI WKH FLWL]HQV DQG PHHW WKHLU EDVLF QHHGV $FW RI 0DUFK DUW ,W LV WKHLU QHHGV WKDW VKRXOG EH JLYHQ SULRULW\ ZKLOHGHVLJQLQJORFDOGHYHORSPHQW)RUWKLVUHDVRQLQWKHOLWHUDWXUHRQWKH
vv
VXEMHFWLWLVDVVXPHGWKDWWKHVWUDWHJLFREMHFWLYHRIORFDODXWKRULWLHVZLWKLQ ORFDO GHYHORSPHQW LV WR pSURYLGH WKH UHVLGHQWV RI D JLYHQ VHOIJRYHUQPHQW XQLW ZLWK MREV DQG LQFRPH DW D OHYHO ZKLFK DOORZV GHFHQW VWDQGDUG RI OLYLQJq &KñG]\þVNL 1RZDNRZVND 3U]\JRG]NL S &RPSOHWH LPSOHPHQWDWLRQRIWKHDERYHDVVXPHGREMHFWLYHDOORZVIXUWKHUGHYHORSPHQW RIDVRFLHW\DQGDUHJLRQ
$OO WKH RWKHU REMHFWLYHV RI UHJLRQDO GHYHORSPHQW FDQ EH GLYLGHG LQWR VHYHUDOPDLQJURXSVZKLFKDUHHFRQRPLFVRFLDOSV\FKRVRFLDOWHFKQRORJLFDO SROLWLFDODQGFXOWXUDO7KHIROORZLQJWDEOHSUHVHQWVGHWDLOHGREMHFWLYHVZLWKLQ HDFKRIWKHVHFDWHJRULHV Table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ñG]\þVNLHWDOS 7KHSUREOHPRIORFDOGHYHORSPHQWLVDOVRUDLVHGE\WKH2UJDQL]DWLRQIRU (FRQRPLF&RRSHUDWLRQDQG'HYHORSPHQW,WVWHPVIURPWKHPDLQREMHFWLYH RIWKHRUJDQL]DWLRQZKLFKLVWRKHOSWKHFLWL]HQVDFKLHYHWKHKLJKHVWVWDQGDUG RIOLYLQJ7KHREMHFWLYHVRIORFDOGHYHORSPHQWSROLWLFVIRUPXODWHGE\2(&' UHIHU SULPDULO\ WR WKH JHQHUDOO\ IRUPXODWHG HFRQRPLF REMHFWLYHV VHH 7DEOH $FFRUGLQJ WR WKH 2(&' WKH ORFDO GHYHORSPHQW REMHFWLYHV VKRXOG EH XQGHUVWRRGDV
v LQFUHDVH RI FRPSHWLWLYHQHVV RI WKH UHJLRQ WKURXJK VNLOOIXO DQG DSSURSULDWHXVHRIDYDLODEOHUHVRXUFHVLQFOXGLQJDGHTXDWHSURPRWLRQ RIUHJLRQDOSURGXFWVDQGVHUYLFHV
v LPSURYHPHQW LQ WKH HPSOR\PHQW OHYHOV DQG WKH SXUVXLW WR SURYLGH ORQJWHUPFDUHHURSSRUWXQLWLHVIRUWKHUHVLGHQWVRIWKHUHJLRQ v SXUVXLWVXQGHUWDNHQWRLQFUHDVHSDUWLFLSDWLRQRIWKHGLVDEOHGDQGWKH QDWLRQDOPLQRULWLHVLQORFDOHFRQRP\ v WDNLQJFDUHRIODQGPDQDJHPHQWZKLFKFRQWULEXWHVWRWKHTXDOLW\RI UHVLGHQWVqOLIHDQGGHWHUPLQHVWKHSRVVLELOLWLHVWRXQGHUWDNHEXVLQHVV DFWLYLWLHV
vv
'LYHUVLILFDWLRQRIORFDOGHYHORSPHQWREMHFWLYHVGHSHQGLQJRQWKH DGPLQLVWUDWLYHW\SHRIDFRPPXQDOXQLW
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v PXQLFLSDOLWLHVuWKLVQDPHLVXVHGWRGHQRWHWKHFRPPXQHVZKLFKDUH ORFDWHGZLWKLQWKHDGPLQLVWUDWLYHERUGHUVRIDJLYHQFLW\ v XUEDQUXUDOFRPPXQHVuWKHVHDUHWKHFRPPXQHVZKLFKHQFORVHWKH FLW\DQGWKHVXUURXQGLQJYLOODJHVORFDODXWKRULWLHVDUHXVXDOO\ORFDWHG ZLWKLQDJLYHQFLW\ v UXUDOFRPPXQHVuWKHVHDUHWKHFRPPXQHVZLWKRXWDQ\FLW\RQWKHLU WHUULWRU\
'LIIHUHQW VWDWXVHV RI D JLYHQ XQLW VKRXOG FRQVLGHUDEO\ GHWHUPLQH WKH GLUHFWLRQRIORFDOGHYHORSPHQW6XFKGLYHUVLILFDWLRQVKRXOGEHVLJQDOHGE\WKH GLVFUHSDQFLHVZLWKLQWKHORFDOGHYHORSPHQWREMHFWLYHVDGRSWHGE\SDUWLFXODU XQLWV,QRUGHUWRWHVWWKHDERYHPHQWLRQHGK\SRWKHVLVWKHGHYHORSPHQWVWUDWHJLHV RI/HVVHU3RODQGFRPPXQHVZLWKGLIIHUHQWVWDWXVHVZHUHFRPSDUHG.UDNRZ PXQLFLSDOLW\.öW\UXUDOXUEDQFRPPXQHDQG.OXF]HUXUDOFRPPXQH
vv Figure 1/RFDWLRQRI.UDNRZPXQLFLSDOLW\.öW\DQG.OXF]HFRPPXQHVRQ WKHDGPLQLVWUDWLYHPDSRI0DäRSROVND .UDNRZLVDFLW\ZLWKGLVWULFWULJKWVDQGDUHVLGHQFHRIWKH0DäRSROVND SURYLQFHDXWKRULWLHV,QDGGLWLRQ.UDNRZLVWKHVHFRQGODUJHVWFLW\LQ3RODQG DOVRLQWHUPVRISRSXODWLRQ&XUUHQWO\LWLVDUHVLGHQFHRIFXOWXUHDQGVFLHQFH ,QWKH'HYHORSPHQW6WUDWHJ\RIWKH&LW\RI.UDNRZWKHFLW\DXWKRULWLHVKDYH WRWDNHLQWRDFFRXQWQRWRQO\LWVVWDWXVDQGWKHQHHGVRILWVUHVLGHQWVEXWDOVR WKH HFRQRPLF WRXULVW DQG VFLHQWLILF SRWHQWLDO 7R PHHW WKLV HQG HTXDOO\ LPSRUWDQWREMHFWLYHVZHUHFUHDWHG
v 6WUDWHJLFREMHFWLYH,u.UDNRZDVDIDPLO\IULHQGO\FLW\DQGDSODFH DWWUDFWLYHWROLYHRUYLVLW
v 6WUDWHJLFREMHFWLYH,,u.UDNRZDVDFLW\RIFRPSHWLWLYHDQGPRGHUQ HFRQRP\
v 6WUDWHJLF REMHFWLYH ,,, u .UDNRZ DV D (XURSHDQ PHWURSROLV ZLWK LPSRUWDQWIXQFWLRQVLQVFLHQFHFXOWXUHDQGVSRUW
7R VSHFLI\ WKH VWUDWHJLF REMHFWLYHV WKH FLW\ DGRSWHG D FDWDORJXH RI RSHUDWLRQDO REMHFWLYHV IROORZHG E\ SURJUDPV ZKLFK DUH WR KHOS ZLWK WKHLU UHDOL]DWLRQ7KHIROORZLQJWDEOHSUHVHQWVWKHOLVWRIWKHVHREMHFWLYHV
vv
Table 2. 2SHUDWLRQDOREMHFWLYHVDFFRUGLQJWRWKH'HYHORSPHQW6WUDWHJ\RIWKH &LW\RI.UDNRZ
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
.öW\ LV D UXUDOXUEDQ FRPPXQH ORFDWHG LQ ZHVWHUQ SDUW RI WKH /HVVHU 3RODQG LQ WKH 2ĈZLöFLP GLVWULFW 7KH UHVLGHQFH RI WKH FRPPXQH LV VLWXDWHG LQ.öW\$SDUWIURPWKHWRZQWKHFRPPXQHFRQVLVWVRI%LHODQ\%XORZLFH ãöNL1RZD:LHĈ0DOHFDQG:LWNRZLFHYLOODJHV&XUUHQWO\WKHFRPPXQH ORVW LWV W\SLFDOO\ LQGXVWULDO FKDUDFWHU 0RVW RI WKH LQKDELWDQWV DUH HPSOR\HG LQPLFURDQGVPDOOHQWHUSULVHVORFDWHGLQ.öW\DQGWKHVXUURXQGLQJDUHD,Q DGGLWLRQWKHXQLWKDVDKLJKSRWHQWLDOLQWHUPVRIUHVLGHQWLDOIDFLOLWLHVWRXULVP DQGUHFUHDWLRQIRUQHDUE\XUEDQFHQWHUV,QLWV6WUDWHJ\DVLWZDVLQWKHFDVHRI .UDNRZWKHORFDODXWKRULWLHVHVWDEOLVKHGPDLQVWUDWHJLFREMHFWLYHV
v 6WUDWHJLF REMHFWLYH , u KLJKHU HFRQRPLF FRPSHWLWLYHQHVV DQG LQYHVWPHQWDWWUDFWLYHQHVVRIWKHFRPPXQH
v 6WUDWHJLF REMHFWLYH ,, u H[SDQVLRQ DQG PRGHUQL]DWLRQ RI WUDQVSRUW URXWHVZKLFKVKRXOGLQFUHDVHWKHDFFHVVWRWUDQVSRUW
v 6WUDWHJLF REMHFWLYH ,,, u EURDGHU DFFHVV WR KLJK TXDOLW\ SXEOLF VHUYLFHV
vv
6KRUWWHUP\HDUVRSHUDWLRQDOREMHFWLYHVZHUHGHYHORSHGWRFRPSOHWH WKHVWUDWHJLFREMHFWLYHVHQXPHUDWHGDERYH7KHLUVWUXFWXUHZDVSUHVHQWHGLQ WKHIROORZLQJWDEOH
Table 3. 2SHUDWLRQDO REMHFWLYHV DFFRUGLQJ WR WKH 'HYHORSPHQW 6WUDWHJ\ RI .öW\&RPPXQHIRUWKH\HDUV
6WUDWHJLFREMHFWLYH, 6WUDWHJLFREMHFWLYH,, 6WUDWHJLFREMHFWLYH,,, FUHDWLQJORFDODUHDVRI HFRQRPLFDFWLYLW\ LQFUHDVLQJFRPSHWLWLYHQHVV DPRQJPLFURDQGVPDOO HQWHUSULVHVWKURXJK HVWDEOLVKLQJFRRSHUDWLYH FRQQHFWLRQV GHYHORSLQJDQGLPSOHPHQWLQJ DFRKHUHQWV\VWHPRI HFRQRPLFDQGLQYHVWPHQW SURPRWLRQ FUHDWLQJWKHWRXULVWLFLPDJH RIWKHFLW\RI.öW\ FUHDWLQJHQWUHSUHQHXULDOVNLOOV DPRQJORFDOFRPPXQLW\ DOOHYLDWLQJWKHHIIHFWVRI XQHPSOR\PHQWDQGHQKDQFLQJ YRFDWLRQDODFWLYDWLRQ UHIOHFWLQJFKDQJHVLQWKHORFDO ODERUPDUNHW LPSURYLQJH[WHUQDO DFFHVVLELOLW\WR.ö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öW\&RPPXQH 7KHODVWFRPPXQHWREHDQDO\]HGLVWKHUXUDOFRPPXQHRI.OXF]H,WLVORFDWHG LQ WKH QRUWKHUQ SDUW RI 0DäRSROVND LQ WKH 2ONXV] GLVWULFW 7KH UHVLGHQFH RI WKHFRPPXQHLVVLWXDWHGLQ.OXF]H7KLVXQLWFRQVLVWVRIYLOODJHV:KDW GHWHUPLQHV WKH DWWUDFWLYHQHVV RI WKLV FRPPXQH LV LWV ORFDWLRQ ZKLFK LV WKH .UDNÑZ&]öVWRFKRZD8SODQGuDYHU\LQWHUHVWLQJDQGSLFWXUHVTXHVRXWKHUQ SDUWRI3RODQG,QWKLVDUHDWKHUHDUHVXFKPDQXIDFWXULQJSODQWVDV.LPEHUO\ &ODUN /WG DQG D JODVV IDFWRU\ LQ -DURV]RZLHF $JULFXOWXUH LV DOVR KLJKO\ GHYHORSHG 7KH VWUXFWXUH RI WKH GLYLVLRQ RI GHYHORSPHQW REMHFWLYHV LQ WKH .OXF]H FRPPXQH LV VLPLODU WR WKHVH SUHVHQWHG LQ WKH FDVH RI WKH SUHFHGLQJ
vv
FRPPXQHV,QRUGHUWRPDNHWKHLUDFWLRQVPRUHSUHFLVHWKHORFDODXWKRULWLHV GHFLGHGWRIRUPXODWHVWUDWHJLFREMHFWLYHV
v 6WUDWHJLF REMHFWLYH , u VXSSRUWLQJ WKH GHYHORSPHQW RI PRGHUQ HQWUHSUHQHXUVKLSDQGHQKDQFLQJFRPSHWLWLYHQHVVRIORFDOHFRQRP\ v 6WUDWHJLF REMHFWLYH ,, u GHYHORSLQJ WKH ORFDO LQIUDVWUXFWXUH ZKLFK
VHUYHVWRLPSURYHWKHTXDOLW\RIQDWXUDOHQYLURQPHQWDQGORFDOQDWXUDO UHVRXUFHV
v 6WUDWHJLF REMHFWLYH ,,, u FUHDWLQJ WKH FRQGLWLRQV IRU KDUPRQLRXV GHYHORSPHQW RI WRXULVP DQG FXOWXUH DQG VHFXULQJ WKH GXUDELOLW\ RI FXOWXUDOKHULWDJH
v 6WUDWHJLFREMHFWLYH,9uVWULYLQJIRULPSURYHPHQWLQWKHTXDOLW\RI OLIH RI WKH UHVLGHQWV DQG HQVXULQJ IDYRUDEOH FRQGLWLRQV IRU VRFLDO GHYHORSPHQWRIWKH&RPPXQH
,QWKH'HYHORSPHQW6WUDWHJ\RIWKH.OXF]H&RPPXQHWKHORFDODXWKRULWLHV WKRURXJKO\GHILQHGWKHRSHUDWLRQDOREMHFWLYHV7KHVHREMHFWLYHVZHUHSUHVHQWHG LQWKHIROORZLQJWDEOH
$OO RI WKH DQDO\]HG GHYHORSPHQW VWUDWHJLHV KDYH D VLPLODU SDWWHUQ DQG KLHUDUFK\RIWKHREMHFWLYHV/RFDODXWKRULWLHVGHILQHPDLQVWUDWHJLFREMHFWLYHV ZKLFK SRLQW RXW GLUHFWLRQV RI WKH GHYHORSPHQW $IWHUZDUGV WKH RSHUDWLRQDO REMHFWLYHVDQGWDVNVDUHIRUPXODWHGWKHFRPSOHWLRQRIZKLFKDOORZVWRREWDLQ WKHDVVXPHGGHYHORSPHQWGLUHFWLRQRIWKHXQLW
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
vv
Table 4. 2SHUDWLRQDO REMHFWLYHV DFFRUGLQJ WR WKH 'HYHORSPHQW 6WUDWHJ\ RI .OXF]H&RPPXQH
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
vv
RXWOLQHGDUHDLVWKHGHYHORSPHQWRIKRXVLQJ,QWKHFDVHRI.UDNRZWKLVGH YHORSPHQWUHODWHVSULPDULO\WRPXOWLIDPLO\KRXVLQJ$GGLWLRQDOO\WKLVREMHF WLYHZDVLQFUHDVHGE\UHYLWDOL]DWLRQRIGHJUDGHGDUHDV7KH.öW\UXUDOXUEDQ FRPPXQH DQG WKH .OXF]H UXUDO FRPPXQH LQFOXGHG LQIRUPDWLRQ FRQFHUQLQJ VLQJOHIDPLO\KRXVLQJ7KLVGHYHORSPHQWVKRXOGEHVXSSRUWHGWKURXJKLQLWLDW LQJFHUWDLQDFWLYLWLHVDQGSUHSDULQJDSSURSULDWHDUHDVE\WKHORFDODXWKRULWLHV 7KH REMHFWLYHV GHILQHG LQ WKLV ZD\ DUH FRQVLVWHQW ZLWK WKH XQLYHUVDO REMHF WLYHVRIORFDOGHYHORSPHQWVHH7DEOHDQGWKHVWUDWHJLFREMHFWLYHRIORFDO GHYHORSPHQWZKLFKLVWRSURYLGHWKHUHVLGHQWVRIDJLYHQORFDOJRYHUQPHQW XQLWZLWKSODFHVRIZRUNDQGLQFRPHVRQDOHYHOWKDWHQVXUHVWKHPDGHFHQW VWDQGDUGRIOLYLQJ
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
7KHXUEDQUXUDO.öW\FRPPXQHDVWKHRQO\RQHLQLWVREMHFWLYHV7DEOH HPSKDVL]HVWKHH[SDQVLRQDQGPRGHUQL]DWLRQRIWUDQVSRUWURXWHV7KURXJK LPSOHPHQWDWLRQ RI FHUWDLQ WDVNV ORFDO DXWKRULWLHV ZDQW WR HQVXUH WKDW DOO UHVLGHQWVRIWKHFRPPXQHKDYHHTXDODFFHVVWRWKHPDLQXUEDQFHQWHUZKLFK LV.öW\7KHVHDFWLRQVUHIHUQRWRQO\WRWKHFRQVWUXFWLRQRILQIUDVWUXFWXUHEXW WKHLUDLPLVDOVRWRSURPRWHSXEOLFWUDQVSRUW$VLWZDVPHQWLRQHGDERYHLQ FDVHRIWKLVXQLWWKH\VLJQLILFDQWO\HPSKDVL]HWKHQHHGWRFUHDWHHQWUHSUHQHXULDO VNLOOV DPRQJ WKH ORFDO FRPPXQLW\ )XOILOOPHQW RI WKLV WDVN DORQJVLGH ZLWK WKH IRUPDWLRQ RI ORFDO DUHDV RI HFRQRPLF DFWLYLW\ VKRXOG KHOS WR HQKDQFH HFRQRPLFFRPSHWLWLYHQHVVLQWKHFRPPXQH
7KHRSHUDWLRQDOREMHFWLYHVZHUHPRVWWKRURXJKO\GHILQHGLQWKHVWUDWHJ\ RIWKHODVWXQLWWKDWLVWKH.OXF]HUXUDOFRPPXQH7DEOH'XHWRLWVQDWXUH WKLV FRPPXQH LV WKH RQO\ RQH WKDW UDLVHV WKH LVVXH RI DJULFXOWXUH /RFDO DXWKRULWLHVUHFRJQL]HWKHQHHGWRVXSSRUWWKHIDUPHUVLQWHUPVRIUDWLRQDOL]DWLRQ RIDJULFXOWXUDOODQGPDQDJHPHQWDVZHOODVWKHQHFHVVLW\WRKHOSWKRVHSHRSOH
vv
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onclusion )RUVHYHUDO\HDUVORFDOGHYHORSPHQWKDVEHHQJDLQLQJPXFKLPSRUWDQFH7KLV LVEHFDXVHWKHDXWKRULWLHVQRWLFHGWKDWWKHSRWHQWLDORIVPDOOHUXQLWVFRXOGWR DODUJHH[WHQWFRQWULEXWHWRWKHGHYHORSPHQWRIODUJHUDUHDV7KHGHYHORSPHQW RIFHUWDLQFRPPXQDOXQLWVLVVXEMHFWWRWKHDYDLODEOHUHVRXUFHVIXQGVDQGWKH ORFDOFRPPXQLW\7KHDLPRIWKLVSDSHUZDVWRFKHFNZKHWKHUWKLVGHYHORSPHQW ZDVGHWHUPLQHGE\WKHW\SHRIWKHFRPPXQDOXQLWVFKRVHQ,QRUGHUWRWHVWWKLV K\SRWKHVLVWKHGHYHORSPHQWVWUDWHJLHVRIFRPPXQHVZHUHFRPSDUHGWKH .UDNRZPXQLFLSDOLW\WKH.öW\UXUDOXUEDQFRPPXQHDQGWKH.OXF]HUXUDO FRPPXQH7KHDQDO\VLVVKRZHGWKDWLQWKHLUVWUDWHJLHVDOOXQLWVUHFRJQL]HWKH QHHGWRVXSSRUWVSHFLILFDUHDVVXFKDVHFRQRPLFGHYHORSPHQWHGXFDWLRQDQG KRXVLQJ+RZHYHURWKHUREMHFWLYHVRIWKHXQLWVGLIIHUIURPHDFKRWKHU7KH PRVWVLJQLILFDQWGLYHUJHQFHFDQEHQRWLFHGEHWZHHQWKHPXQLFLSDOLW\DQGWKH UXUDOFRPPXQH7KHREMHFWLYHVHQXPHUDWHGLQWKHLUVWUDWHJLHVUHODWHWRWRWDOO\ GLIIHUHQWSUREOHPVu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
vv References
%DJG]LþVNL//RNDOQDSROLW\NDJRVSRGDUF]DZRNUHVLHWUDQVIRUPDFML
systemowej).7RUXþ :\GDZQLFWZR80.
%URO 5 *RVSRGDUND ORNDOQD :URFäDZ :\GDZQLFWZR $( ZH :URFäDZLX
&KñG]\þVNL-1RZDNRZVND$3U]\JRG]NL=5HJLRQLMHJRUR]ZÑM
w warunkach globalizacji:DUV]DZD&H'H:X
-HZXFKWRZLF]$7HU\WRULXPLZVSÑäF]HVQHG\OHPDW\MHJRUR]ZRMX ãÑGĒ:\GDZQLFWZR8QLZHUV\WHWXãÑG]NLHJR
.RQVW\WXFMD5]HF]\SRVSROLWHM3ROVNLHM]GQLDNZLHWQLDU']8 1USR]
.UDMHZNL:3RMöFLHUR]ZRMXLSRVWöSX ,Q-.PLWD(G=DäRĔHQLD WHRUHW\F]QH EDGDþ QDG UR]ZRMHP KLVWRU\F]Q\P:DUV]DZD 3DþVWZRZH :\GDZQLFWZR1DXNRZH
0DäNRZVND $ *RVSRGDUND QLHUXFKRPRĈFLDPL MDNR F]\QQLN Z UR]ZRMX JPLQ ZRMHZÑG]WZD PDäRSROVNLHJR GRFWRUDO WKHVLV 5HWULHYHG IURPKWWSNDQJXUXHNNUDNRZSO
1DZRUÑO $ =DU]ñG]DQLH Z VDPRU]ñG]LH u 3ODQRZDQLH UR]ZRMX ORNDOQHJR$%&VDPRU]ñGXWHU\WRULDOQHJR:DUV]DZD)XQGDFMD5R]ZRMX 'HPRNUDFML/RNDOQHM
1RZDN - 0RGHUQL]DFMD ORNDOQHM DGPLQLVWUDFML SXEOLF]QHM D UR]ZÑM ORNDOQ\. ,Q Prace habilitacyjne QU 3R]QDþ :\GDZQLFWZR $( Z 3R]QDQLX 3LRQWHN % :VSÑäF]HVQH XZDUXQNRZDQLD UR]ZRMX VSRäHF]QR gospodarczego %\WRP+\OD 5DGD0LDVWD.UDNRZD6WUDWHJLD5R]ZRMX.UDNRZD5HWULHYHGIURP ZZZELSNUDNRZSO 5DGD0LHMVNDZ.öWDFK6WUDWHJLD5R]ZRMX*PLQ\.öW\ 5HWULHYHGIURPZZZNHW\SO 6]WDQGR$2GG]LDä\ZDQLHVDPRU]ñGXORNDOQHJRQDUR]ZÑMORNDOQ\Z ĈZLHFLHHZROXFMLPRGHOLXVWURMRZ\FKJPLQ6DPRU]ñG7HU\WRULDOQ\ 7URMDQHN 0 2GG]LDä\ZDQLH ZäDG]\ ORNDOQHM QD HIHNW\ZQRĈè
SU]HGVLöZ]LöèLQZHVW\F\MQ\FK=HV]\W\1DXNRZH$(Z3R]QDQLX 8U]ñG *PLQ\ .OXF]H 6WUDWHJLD 5R]ZRMX *PLQ\ .OXF]H 5HWULHYHG
IURPZZZELSPDORSROVNDSO
8VWDZD]GQLDPDUFDURVDPRU]ñG]LHJPLQQ\P']81U SR]]SÑĒþ]P
:RMWDVLHZLF] / &]\QQLNL UR]ZRMX ORNDOQHJR u QRZH XMöFLD PHWRGRORJLF]QH. ,Q:0DLND(G Biuletyn Komitetu Przestrzennego =DJRVSRGDURZDQLD.UDMX:DUV]DZD3DþVWZRZD$NDGHPLD1DXN