Assignment of Usefulness of Physiotherapy Applied to Sports Training in the Case of Szczecin Swimmers

ASSIGNMENT OF USEFULNESS OF PHYSIOTHERAPY

APPLIED TO SPORTS TRAINING IN THE CASE OF SZCZECIN SWIMMERS

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, A, B, C, D, E

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1 _{Faculty of Physical Culture and Health Promotion, Szczecin University, Poland}

A _{Study Design;} B _{Data Collection;} C _{Statistical Analysis;} D0DQXVFULSW3UHSDUDWLRQE _{Funds Collection}

Address for correspondence: :LROHWWDàXENRZVND3K'

Szczecin University, Faculty of Physical Culture and Health Promotion Al. 3LDVWyZ%EXLOGLQJ6]F]HFLQ3RODQG

(PDLOZLROHWWDOXENRZVND#XQLYV]F]HFLQSO

Abstract.

7KHDLPRIWKLVDUWLFOHLVWRPDNHWKHDVVHVVPHQWRISK\VLRWKHUDS\XVHLQWKHFDVHRIVZLPPHUV¶UHJHQHUDWLRQ$ diagnostic VXUYH\ZDVXVHGDVWKHPHWKRG2SLQLRQVIURPWKHDXWKRU¶VVXUYH\ZHUHFRQVLGHUHGDQGWKHUHZHUHKLJKFODVVVZLPPHUVDQDO\]HG DJHG±7KHUHVHDUFKZDVFRQGXFWHGLQDWWKH)ORDWLQJ$UHQDVZLPPLQJSRROLQ6]F]HFLQ RIWKHVXUYH\HGVZLPPHUVEHQHILWIURPUHJHQHUDWLRQDIWHUSK\VLFDOHIIRUW7KHPRVWFRPPRQSK\VLRWKHUDSLVWWUHDWPHQWLQFDVHRI VZLPPHUVLVGU\FODVVLFPDVVDJH±7KHZDWHUEDWKVDXQDEDWKZKLUOEDWKZDWHUMHWV6FRWFKGRXFKH DQGK\GURPDVVDJHVDUHWKHPRVWFRPPRQW\SHVRIK\GURWKHUDS\2QWKHRWKHUKDQGXOWUDVRXQGVDQGFU\RWKHUDS\DUH WKHOHDVWFRPPRQWUHDWPHQWVZKHQFKRRVLQJDGHTXDWHW\SHVRIUHJHQHUDWLRQLHUHVSHFWLYHO\DQG 7KHELJJHVWDPRXQWRIPDVVDJHVLVSHUIRUPHGVKRUWO\EHIRUHVWDUW±0DVVDJHLQFDVHVODVWVPLQXWHV,QRIWKH VXUYH\HGJURXSSDUWLDOPDVVDJHLVEHLQJDSSOLHGZKHUHDVRQO\RIFRPSHWLWRUVWDNHWKHRYHUDOOPDVVDJH,QFDVHRIRI WKHVZLPPHUVPDVVDJHLVUHJDUGHGDVFRPSOHWHO\UHOD[LQJ)RURIWKHPLWUHOD[HVERWKSK\VLFDOO\DQGPHQWDOO\,QFDVHRI RIWKHVXUYH\HGLWLVUHJDUGHGDVWKHPRVWHIILFLHQWIRUPRIELRORJLFDOUHJHQHUDWLRQRIVZLPPHUVVD\LWLVKHOSIXOWRPDLQWDLQ UHDGLQHVVWRVWDUWDQGWRRYHUFRPHIHYHUIHHOLQJRIDQQR\DQFHRUDSDWK\

Key words:

VZLPPLQJUHJHQHUDWLRQSK\VLRWKHUDS\VSRUWPDVVDJH

Introduction

/DERXURIFRQWHVWDQWVZKLFKLVSHUIRUPHGGXULQJWUDLQLQJVRIWHQH[FHHGVWKHSRVVLELOLWLHVRID VSRUWVPDQ¶V organism. Fatigue is regarded as a VWDWHRIRUJDQLVPZKLFKLVGHYHORSHGGXULQJSHUIRUPDQFHRISK\VLFDOZRUN as well as intellectual work, and is characterized by decreased ability to work, as well as increased feeling of arduousness caused by effort and weakened ability to continue work (motivation). In case when the stable efficiency LVNHSWLWLVDOZD\VDFFRPSDQLHGE\LQFUHDVHG³SK\VLRORJLFDOFRVW´.XĔVNL

([FHHGHGIDWLJXHLVD FRPPRQFRPSODLQWZLWKLQKDUGWUDLQLQJVSRUWVPHQ7KHPRVWSUREDEOHUHDVRQVIRU LWDUHRYHUWUDLQLQJYLUXVGLVHDVHVGLJHVWLRQGLVWXUEDQFHVQRWVXIILFLHQWDPRXQWRIFDUERK\GUDWHSURWHLQVLURQ GHILFLHQF\ QRW VXIILFLHQW DPRXQW RI VOHHS SV\FKRORJLFDO SUREOHPV DPRQJ WKHP DQ[LHW\ GHSUHVVLRQ DSDWK\ GHPRWLYDWLRQLUULWDELOLW\LQDELOLW\WRUHOD[7KH\PD\UHVXOWIURPD VSRUWVPDQ¶VDPELWLRQVRUIURPDQ\RWKHUVRXUFHV %UXQNHQDQG.KDQ2YHUODSSLQJRIWKHV\QGURPHVRIRYHUWUDLQLQJDQG&KURQLF)DWLJXH6\QGURPHLVD certain SUREOHP6KHSKDUG3DZODN,WFDQQRWEHH[FOXGHGWKDWLQERWKFDVHVD neurotransmitter causes fatigue of the central nervous system.

In swimming as a VSRUWVGLVFLSOLQHWKHVZLPPHUPD\IDFHDGGLWLRQDOREVWDFOHVVXFKDVZDWHUUHVLVWDQFH RUZDWHUZDYHUDLVHGE\RWKHUFRPSHWLWRUVàXENRZVNDHWDO7KHFUXFLDOPDWWHUIURPWKHSRLQWRIYLHZRI ELRPHFKDQLFVRIVZLPPLQJLVWKHODERURIERWKXSSHUDQGORZHUOLPEV7URXS7KHWUHDWPHQWRIRYHUWUDLQHG swimmers discovered shortage of glycogen in skeleton muscles (Costill et al. 1988). General mood disturbances DQ[LHW\GHSUHVVLRQH[DPLQHGE\0RRG6WDWHV3URILOH361VKRZHGKLJKHUVFRUHVLQFDVHRIRYHUWUDLQHGVZLPPHUV +RRSHUHWDODVZHOODVLQFDVHRIWKRVHVZLPPHUVZKRDFFRPSOLVKHGD SKDVHRILQWHQVLYHWUDLQLQJVZLWKRXW DQ\V\PSWRPVRIRYHUWUDLQLQJ2ǯConnor et al. 1991; Morgan et al. 1988).

Modernizing of training methods and introducing still bigger training burdens justify the introduction of new ZD\VRIIDWLJXHUHGXFWLRQ7KLVLVVHFXUHGEDVLFDOO\E\ELRORJLFDOUHJHQHUDWLRQDQGVSHFLILFWKHUDSHXWLFSURFHGXUHV which constitute it.

3URSHUO\DSSOLHGUHJHQHUDWLRQZLWKVSRUWVPHQJLYHVD chance to lessen the negative results of fatigue, gives a FKDQFHWRSUHSDUHIRUQH[WWUDLQLQJV6NDOVND,]GHEVNDHWDODQGSUHYHQWVIURPVSRUWVLQMXU\ 7KHDLPRIWKLVSDSHULVWRPDNHWKHDVVHVVPHQWRIXVHIXOQHVVRIUHJHQHUDWLRQUHVRXUFHVDSSOLHGWRVSRUWV WUDLQLQJEDVHGRQWKHRSLQLRQVRI6]F]HFLQVZLPPHUV7RDFKLHYHWKHDLPRIWKLVDUWLFOHWKHIROORZLQJUHVHDUFK SUREOHPVKDYHEHHQIRUPXODWHG 1. :KDWLVWKHRSLQLRQRI6]F]HFLQVZLPPHUVRQDSSO\LQJUHJHQHUDWLRQUHVRXUFHV" 2. :KDWLVWKHLQIOXHQFHRIDSSOLHGUHJHQHUDWLRQUHVRXUFHVRQVSRUWVUHVXOWVDFKLHYHGE\WKHFRPSHWLWRUV"

Methods

6FLHQWLILFUHVHDUFKKDVEHHQFRQGXFWHGLQDFFRUGDQFHZLWKJRRGVFLHQWLILFSUDFWLFHDQGHWKLFDOSULQFLSOHVLQ VFLHQWLILFUHVHDUFKDQG+LJHU(GXFDWLRQ.UXN ,QRUGHUWRUHFRJQL]HLQYHVWLJDWHGSKHQRPHQRQDQGDFKLHYHIXOO\REMHFWLYHUDQJHRIUHVXOWVWKHDXWKRUXVHG diagnostic survey method. The following techniques of investigation were used: analysis of documents (training GLDULHVREVHUYDWLRQVRIDSSOLHGPHWKRGVDQGUHVRXFHVRIUHJHQHUDWLRQLQWHUYLHZVFRQYHUVDWLRQZLWKWZRPDLQ FRDFKHVEDVHGRQSUHYLRXVO\SUHSDUHGTXHVWLRQQDLUHZLWKRSHQTXHVWLRQVDQGLQTXLU\TXHVWLRQQDLUHLQFOXGLQJ TXHVWLRQVERWKRSHQDQGFORVHG7KHTXHVWLRQVFRQFHUQHGDPRQJRWKHUVWKHIROORZLQJLVVXHV

– VH[DJHDGGUHVVHGXFDWLRQOHYHOILQDQFLDOVWDWXVRIUHVSRQGHUV

– style of swimming, duration of trainings in years, amount of trainings daily and weekly, most significant DFKLHYHPHQWVLQFRPSHWLWRUVµFDUHHUVZKLFKSDUWVRIPXVFOHVDUHPRVWO\RYHUORDGHG

– PHWKRGVDQGUHVRXUFHVRIUHJHQHUDWLRQDYDLODELOLW\WLPHDSSOLHGGXUDWLRQIUHTXHQF\RIDSSOLHGSDUWLFXODU methods of regeneration, methods and resources,

– LQIOXHQFHRIDSSOLHGPHDQVRIUHJHQHUDWLRQRQVSRUWDFKLHYHPHQWVRIFRPSHWLWRUVRQUHGXFWLRQRIWLUHGQHVV RQNHHSLQJUHDGLQHVVWRVWDUWHWF

– XVHIXOQHVVRIDSSOLHGPHDQVRIUHJHQHUDWLRQLQRSLQLRQRIVXUYH\HGSHUVRQV – LQMXULHVDQGWKHLUW\SHVDSSOLHGUHJHQHUDWLRQDIWHUVXVWDLQLQJDQLQMXU\

The research was conducted with a FRQFHSWXDOSKDVHLQ,QWKHILUVWVWDJHRIWKHLQYHVWLJDWLRQVWKH DQDO\VLVRIGRFXPHQWVDVZHOODVSDUWLFLSDWLQJREVHUYDWLRQDQGLQWHUYLHZVZLWKPDLQWUDLQHUVZHUHPDGH7KHVHFRQG VWDJHFRPSULVHGRIVXUYH\UHVHDUFK7KHUHVHDUFKFRYHUHG6]F]HFLQ¶VKLJKUDQNVSRUWVVZLPPHUVZRPHQ DQG  PHQ ZKRVH WUDLQLQJ SURJUDP LQFOXGHG UHJHQHUDWLRQ 7KH\ ZHUH KLJKUDQN FRPSHWLWRUV 2O\PSLF WHDP FRPSHWLWRUVQDWLRQDODQGUHJLRQDOWHDPUHSUHVHQWDWLYHVDJHG±8QGHUDJHFRPSHWLWRUVKDYHKDGSDUHQWDO FRQVHQWIRUFKRRVLQJUHJHQHUDWLRQPHWKRGVDQGUHVRXUFHV2XWRIWKHP±\HDUVROGEHWZHHQ ±\HDUVROG±\HDUROGVDQGWKHROGHVW FRPSHWLWRUVRYHU\HDUVROGFRPSULVHGRIDOO LQWHUYLHZHGSHUVRQV7KHPRVWQXPHURXVRIFRPSHWLWRUVZHUHWKH\RXQJHVWJURXSEHWZHHQ±\HDUVROG± DQGZHUHEHWZHHQ±DOWKRXJKWKHOHDVWUHSUHVHQWHGJURXSZDVEHWZHHQDQGDVZHOODVRYHU 7KHPDLQVSRUWVIDFLOLW\ZKHUHWKHUHVHDUFKZDVWDNHQZDVD QHZO\EXLOW7KH)ORDWLQJ$UHQD6]F]HFLQ,WLV UHJDUGHGDVWKHRQO\IDFLOLW\LQ3RODQGZKLFKHQDEOHVERWKWUDLQLQJDQGUHJHQHUDWLRQFRPSOH[FDUHRIFRPSHWLWRUV )ORUNLHZLF]HWDO 6XUYH\HGFRPSHWLWRUVZHUHWUDLQLQJWZRWLPHVGDLO\7KHVWDWLVWLFDOPHWKRGVZHUHXVHGWRZRUNRXWSHUFHQWDJH VSHFLILFDWLRQ LQ WKH SDSHU DV ZHOO DV UHODWLRQV EHWZHHQ VH[HV DQG WKH ZD\ RI DSSO\LQJ UHJHQHUDWLRQ XVHG E\ FRPSHWLWRUV

Results

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Figure 1.

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Figure 2.

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Discussion

$W SUHVHQW FRPSHWLWLYH VSRUW VHHNV IRU QHZ VROXWLRQV WR DFKLHYH EHVW UHVXOWV (IIHFWLYH SHUIRUPDQFH RI a VSRUWVPDQDWWKHFRPSHWLWLRQVGHSHQGVPRVWO\RQWKHULJKWVHOHFWLRQDQGUHDOL]DWLRQRIWUDLQLQJEXUGHQV.DOF]\ĔVNL HWDOàXENRZVNDDQG7URV]F]\ĔVNL6LHZLHUVNLHWDO$ success is conditioned, among other WKLQJVE\WKHPRUSKRORJLFDOVWUXFWXUHRIFRPSHWLWRUV)RUWKLVFDXVHWKHLUVRPDWLFIHDWXUHVVKRXOGEHWDNHQLQWR FRQVLGHUDWLRQLQWKHVHOHFWLRQSURFHVV3LHWUDV]HZVNDDQG-DNXERZVNLàXENRZVNDDQG7URV]F]\ĔVNL return attention to the substantive quality of the intake and selection of swimmers. In the selection, it is necessary WRWDNHVXFKSK\VLRORJLFUDWHVDV922PD[RU922/HR into consideration.5ROHRIELRUHJHQHUDWLRQEHFRPHVPRUH DQGPRUHLPSRUWDQW7KHVDPHVLWXDWLRQLVLQVZLPPLQJZKHUHMXQLRUDJHLVXQGHU\HDUVROGDQGIURPRQZH FDQVSHDNDERXWWKH\RXQJRUVHQLRUDJH)XOOEXUGHQLVXVHGZLWKVHQLRUVZLPPHUVàXENRZVNDDQG7URV]F]\ĔVNL ,QWKLVJURXSRIVZLPPHUVWKHRYHUEXUGHQPD\RFFXUEHFDXVHWKHLUWUDLQLQJLVEDVHGRQVSHFLDOL]HGWUDLQLQJ It is a restricted form of movement, similar in form to a VWDUW&DSDFLW\RIVZLPPLQJFRYHUVHYHQNLORPHWHUVGDLO\ LQFHUWDLQSHULRGV5HDOL]DWLRQRIVXEVHTXHQWWDVNVLVQRWSRVVLEOHZLWKRXWV\VWHPDWLFELRUHJHQHUDWLRQWUHDWPHQW of which main form is massage.

In a JURXSRI\RXQJHUVZLPPHUVWKHWUDLQLQJVKHOGDUHPRUHFRPSUHKHQVLYHDQGGLUHFWHG7KHEXUGHQVXVHG GRQRWUHVXOWZLWKRYHUEXUGHQLQJRIPRYHPHQWDSSDUDWXV2QWKHQH[WGD\WKHFRPSHWLWRULVDEOHWRSHUIRUPQHZ WUDLQLQJWDVNVRIZKLFKLQWHQVLW\DQGFDSDFLW\LVVLJQLILFDQWO\VPDOOHUWKDQLQD VHQLRUJURXS 7KDQNVWRFRPSOH[FRPELQDWLRQRIWUDLQLQJDQGELRORJLFDOUHJHQHUDWLRQWUHDWPHQWZHFDQFRQWUROEHWWHUD course RIWUDLQLQJF\FOHDQGZKDWLVPRVWLPSRUWDQWZHFDQLQIOXHQFHWKHLPSURYHPHQWRIDFKLHYHGUHVXOWV=LPPHU 7KHUHVHDUFKDPRQJ6]F]HFLQVZLPPHUVVKRZHGWKDWDFFRUGLQJWRRIVXUYH\HGFRPSHWLWRUVPDVVDJHGRHVQRW LQIOXHQFHWKHLUDFKLHYHGVSRUWVUHVXOWV$YHUDJHRSLQLRQRIFRPSHWLWRUVRQWKHUROHDQGVLJQLILFDQFHRIPDVVDJHLQ VZLPPLQJFRPSHWLWRUVWUDLQLQJOHDQVRQWRWKH\RXQJHUJURXSXSWRZKLFKPDGHXSRIWKHVXUYH\HGWRWDO 7KLVJURXSGLGQRWKDYHVXFKQHFHVVLW\WREHQHILWIURPUHJHQHUDWLRQWUHDWPHQWDVPRVWRIWKH\RXQJHUFRQWHVWDQWV GLGQRWPHQWLRQWKHVHNLQGRISURFHGXUHV

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,QVSHFLDOLVWVOLWHUDWXUHRQHFDQILQGRQO\D IHZZRUNVFRQFHUQLQJWKHSURFHVVRIELRUHJHQHUDWLRQLQVZLPPHUV KRZHYHULWVSRVLWLYHSV\FKRORJLFDOHIIHFWZDVREVHUYHG+HPPLQJVHWDO5REHUWVRQHWDO,Q6WDURVWD¶V RSLQLRQDQLQWHQVLYHPDVVDJHVWULNLQJSDWWLQJIDVWIODWWHQLQJLQFUHDVHVDQGFDOPPDVVDJHFKDILQJVORZVWURNLQJ decreases stimulation of the nervous system. Their effects may be observed in a ORQJWHUPDSSOLFDWLRQRIPDVVDJHV 7KHVWXG\RI6]F]HFLQVZLPPHUVFRQILUPHGWKHHIIHFWLYHQHVVRIPDVVDJHLQWKHSURFHVVRIELRUHJHQHUDWLRQ WUHDWPHQW±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7KHVHHOHPHQWVVLPSOHPHDQV RIELRUHJHQHUDWLRQSURFHVVDUHFKHDSDQGDWWKHVDPHWLPHYHU\HIIHFWLYHDQGWKH\FDQVXSSRUWWKHWUDLQLQJ SURFHVV

Conclusions

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Cite this article as:

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