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WSPÓŁCZESNE ZARZĄDZANIE PUBLICZNE

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Konrad Raczkowski

WSPÓŁCZESNE ZARZĄDZANIE PUBLICZNE

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Rysunek 1. Definicyjne określenie terminu „zarządzanie publiczne”

w systemie rządzenia publicznego

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Tabela 1. Przeciwstawne definicje zarządzania publicznego Zarządzanie publiczne

Ujęcie pozytywne

prakseologiczny i praworządny proces służby publicznej wobec obywateli, w trosce o dobro ich i kolejnych pokoleń, na drodze wzmacniania sieci wzajemnych relacji, konkurencyjności gospodarki narodowej oraz praktycznego zwiększania użyteczności społecznej, poprzez efektywną alokację środków publicznych

Ujęcie negatywne

fikcja, której celem jest możliwość czasowego lub trwałego zawłaszczania dóbr publicznych do realizacji partykularnych interesów wąskiej grupy społecznej

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Krytyczna Teoria Organizacji DO III KOR 58

K onr ad R aczk owsk i

Tabela 2. Państwa najbardziej skuteczne w rządzeniu w latach 2007–2018 wg WGI

Państwo 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018

Singapur 100,00 100,00 100,00 100,00 99,53 99,53 99,53 100,00 100,00 100,00 100,00 100,00

Dania 99,51 99,51 99,52 99,04 99,05 99,05 99,05 97,12 97,60 99,04 95,67 97,12

Szwajcaria 99,03 98,54 98,09 97,61 97,63 97,63 97,63 99,52 99,52 99,52 99,52 99,52

Szwecja 98,54 98,06 98,56 98,56 98,58 98,58 98,58 95,67 96,63 94,71 96,15 96,15

Norwegia 98,06 97,09 97,13 98,09 97,16 98,10 98,10 97,60 98,08 98,56 99,04 97,60

Finlandia 97,57 99,03 99,04 99,52 100,00 100,00 100,00 99,04 96,15 96,15 98,08 99,04

Austria 96,60 94,66 93,78 97,13 93,36 92,89 92,89 91,35 90,38 91,83 91,83 90,87

Australia 96,12 95,63 94,26 95,22 94,79 94,31 94,79 92,31 92,31 92,31 92,31 92,79

Średnia 98,18 97,82 97,55 98,15 97,51 97,51 97,57 96,57 96,33 96,51 96,57 96,63

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