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Design of pattern-placed Revetments

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Delft University of Technology

Design of pattern-placed Revetments

Peters, Dirk Jan DOI

10.4233/uuid:0b67a0dd-a951-46f3-bbaa-86270e546c4e Publication date

2017

Document Version Final published version

Citation (APA)

Peters, D. J. (2017). Design of pattern-placed Revetments. https://doi.org/10.4233/uuid:0b67a0dd-a951-46f3-bbaa-86270e546c4e

Important note

To cite this publication, please use the final published version (if applicable). Please check the document version above.

Copyright

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This work is downloaded from Delft University of Technology.

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Design of Pattern-placed Revetments

Proefschrift

ter verkrijging van de graad van doctor

aan de Technische Universiteit Delft,

op gezag van de Rector Magnificus Prof. Ir. K.Ch.A.M. Luyben,

voorzitter van het College voor Promoties,

in het openbaar te verdedigen op

27 juni 2017 om 15:00 uur

door

Dirk Johannes PETERS,

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This dissertation has been approved by:

Promotor: Prof. Ir. J.K. Vrijling and

Copromotor: Ir. H.J. Verhagen

Composition of the doctoral committee:

Prof. Ir. K.Ch.A.M. Luyben

Rector Magnificus

Prof. Ir. J.K. Vrijling

Promotor

Ir. H.J. Verhagen

Copromotor

Independent members:

Prof. Dr. Ir. S.N. Jonkman,

TU Delft

Prof. Dr.-Ing. H. Schüttrumpf, Aachen University

Prof. Dr. Ir. A. Bezuijen,

Ghent University

Prof. W. Allsop,

Southampton University

Dr. Ir. M.R.A. van Gent,

Deltares

Prof. Dr. Ir. D.A. Hordijk,

TU Delft (reservelid)

This research has been supported by the Road and Hydraulic Engineering Division of the Ministry of Transport, Public Works and Water Management (Rijkswaterstaat – DWW) and by Delft Cluster.

ISBN-nr.: 978-946-295-665-0 Cover design: Renate van Beynum Copyright © 2017, D. J. Peters

The following trademarks are mentioned in this thesis: Basalton“, C-star“, Haringman“, Hillblock“, Hydroblock“, Rona“ton+ , Verkalit“.

All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced in any form, by any means, without written permission by the publisher.

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