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View of Voters in the face of election mechanism and scope of leaders authority in Polish political parties

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Political Preferences

Preferencje polityczne

6/2013

Redakcja naukowa:

Robert Alberski

Waldemar Wojtasik

Katowice 2013

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CONTENTS

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Abstract:

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Key words:

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Wprowadzenie

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(13)

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(14)

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:SU]\SDGNXSRG]LDáXZ\ERUFyZQDRVLOHZLFDFHQWUXPSUDZLFDPRĪQD ]DXZDĪ\ü PLĊG]\ EDGDQ\PL UyĪQLFH: JUXSLH Z\ERUFyZ RNUHĞODMąF\FK VLĊ MDNRSUDZLFRZL]GHF\GRZDQLHGRPLQXMHZRODSRZLHU]DQLDOLGHURPSDUWLLV]HUR NLFKXSUDZQLHĔ=ZROHQQLNyZWDNLFKUR]ZLą]DĔMHVWRNRáRSRGF]DVJG\ SU]HFLZQH]GDQLHZ\UD]LáR UyĪQLFDSXQNWX 1LH]GHF\GRZDQLVą Z\ERUF\XPLHV]F]DMąF\VLHELHZFHQWUXPVFHQ\SROLW\F]QHM]DVLOQąZáDG]ą OLGHUyZ RSRZLHG]LDáR VLĊ RNRáR  D SU]HFLZ  ]DOHGZLH R SXQNW ZLĊFHM EDGDQ\FKZWHMNDWHJRULL1DWRPLDVWQLHFRLQQ\Z\QLNQLĪZSU]\SDGNX Z\ERUFyZSDUWLLOHZLFRZ\FKRGQRWRZDQRZSU]\SDGNXZ\ERUFyZRNUHĞODMą F\FKVLĊMDNRRVRE\RSRJOąGDFKOHZLFRZ\FK&RSUDZGDSU]HZDĪDMąZĞUyGQLFK ]ZROHQQLF\QLHSRZLHU]DQLDSU]\ZyGFRPSDUW\MQ\PV]HURNLHMZáDG]\VWDQR ZLąF\RNRáREDGDQ\FKMHGQDN]QDF]QąJUXSĊRNRáRVWDQRZLą RVRE\Z\UDĪDMąFH]GDQLHSU]HFLZQH5yĪQLFDMHVWWXQLHZLHONDQDSR]LRPLH SXQNWXSURFHQWRZHJR=DWHPEDUG]LHM]GHF\GRZDQLZVZRLFKSRJOąGDFKVą Z\ERUF\SUDZLFRZLQLĪOHZLFRZL &]\ SU]\ZyGF\SDUWLLSRZLQQLSRVLDGDüZUDPDFKLFKVWUXNWXUV]H URNL]DNUHVIRUPDOQ\FKSUDZNRPSHWHQFMLGRSRGHMPRZDQLDVDPRG]LHOQ\FK GHF\]ML"íUR]NáDGSURFHQWRZ\RGSRZLHG]LZGHNODUDFMDFKZRGQLHVLHQLXGR SRJOąGyZLGHRORJLF]Q\FK =GHF\GR 5DF]HMWDN 1LHPDP ]GDQLD 5DF]HMQLH =GHF\GR /HZLFD      &HQWUXP      3UDZLFD      1LHZLHPQLHSR WUD¿ĊRNUHĞOLü      =DUyZQRZJUXSLHZ\ERUFyZSUDZLFRZ\FKFHQWURZ\FKMDNLOHZLFR Z\FK]QDF]Q\RGVHWHNQLHPD]GDQLDQDWHQWHPDWDOH]GHF\GRZDQLHQDMZLĊNV]D JUXSDEDGDQ\FKRNRáRZ\EUDáDWDNąRGSRZLHGĨZĞUyGZ\ERUFyZNWyU]\ QLHSRWUD¿OLRNUHĞOLüVZRMHMSU]\QDOHĪQRĞFLGROHZLF\FHQWUXPF]\SUDZLF\ :JUXSLHZ\ERUFyZQLHZVND]XMąF\FKVZRMHJRPLHMVFDQDRVLOHZLFDSUDZLFD SU]HZDĪDOLSU]HFLZQLF\VLOQHMSR]\FMLSDUW\MQ\FKOLGHUyZíZVWRVXQNX GR]ZROHQQLNyZ

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1DWRPLDVW FLHNDZ\ SU]\SDGHN VWDQRZLą ]ZROHQQLF\ 5XFKX 3DOLNRWD 3U]HZDJĊZĞUyGQLFKSRVLDGDMąWDNMDNZSU]\SDGNXOHZLFRZHJR6/']ZROHQ QLF\RJUDQLF]RQ\FKNRPSHWHQFMLSU]\ZyGF\-HGQDNQLHMHVWWRSU]HZDJDWDNGXĪD VWDQRZLąRQLRNRáRSRGF]DVJG\]ZROHQQLF\Z]PRFQLHQLDZáDG]\SU]HZRG QLF]ąFHJRSDUWLLWRRNRáR-HVWWRUyĪQLFD]DOHGZLHSXQNWyZSURFHQWR Z\FKF]\OLPQLHMQLĪQDSU]\NáDGZSU]\SDGNX36/ SXQNWX &RFLHNDZH MHĪHOLSU]\MU]\P\VLĊ]GHF\GRZDQ\P]ZROHQQLNRPWRMHVWLFKZSU]\SDGNX53 SURFHQWRZRQLHFRZLĊFHMQLĪZĞUyGZ\ERUFyZ32 RSXQNWXSURFHQWRZHJR 

: JUXSLH Z\ERUFyZ ]DPLHU]DMąF\FK RGGDü JáRV QD LQQH SDUWLH QLĪ Z\V]F]HJyOQLRQH Z EDGDQLDFK SU]HZDĪDMą ]ZROHQQLF\ VLOQHM ZáDG]\ OLGHUD 6WDQRZLą RQL RNRáR  ZREHF RNRáR  SU]HFLZQLNyZ UyĪQLFD SXQNWX &LHNDZ\MHVWUR]NáDGSRJOąGyZQDWHQWHPDWZĞUyGRVyENWyUHQLH ]DPLHU]DMąJáRVRZDü&KDUDNWHU\]XMHWĊJUXSĊ]QDF]Q\RGVHWHNRVyE   QLHSRVLDGDMąF\FK]GDQLDQDWHQWHPDW3R]RVWDáHRVRE\GHNODURZDá\]QDF]QLH F]ĊĞFLHMQLHFKĊüGRSRZLHU]DQLDOLGHURPSDUWLLV]HURNLFKXSUDZQLHĔ   ZVWRVXQNXGR]ZROHQQLNyZ-HVWWRUyĪQLFDQDSR]LRPLHSXQNWX SURFHQWRZHJR &]\ ]DWHP SU]\F]\Qą QLHFKĊFL GR XG]LDáX Z Z\ERUDFK PRĪHE\ü]E\WVLOQDSR]\FMDSDUW\MQ\FKOLGHUyZF]\PRĪHZLĊNV]DQLHFKĊü ZWHMJUXSLHEDGDQ\FKGRSDUWLLLSROLW\NyZ":HGáXJEDGDĔ$JQLHV]NL7XUVNLHM .DZ\ZJUXSLHRVyEQLHJáRVXMąF\FKZ\VWĊSXMHZLĊNV]HQLĪZSU]\SDGNXRVyE DNW\ZQ\FKZ\ERUF]RSRF]XFLHDOLHQDFML>7XUVND.DZD@

0RĪQD]DXZDĪ\üĪHZĞUyGSRWHQFMDOQ\FKZ\ERUFyZZV]\VWNLFKEDGD Q\FK SDUWLL SRJOąG\ QD WHPDW ]DNUHVX NRPSHWHQFML OLGHUD QDMF]ĊĞFLHM QLH Vą IRUPXáRZDQH Z VSRVyE ]GHF\GRZDQ\ 1DG RVREDPL GHNODUXMąF\PL VZRMH ]GDQLHMHGQR]QDF]QLHSU]HZDĪDMąUDF]HMSRSLHUDMąFHOXEUDF]HMQLHSRSLHUDMąFH WDNLHJRUR]ZLą]DQLD

:SU]\SDGNXSRG]LDáXZ\ERUFyZQDRVLOHZLFDFHQWUXPSUDZLFDPRĪQD ]DXZDĪ\ü PLĊG]\ EDGDQ\PL UyĪQLFH: JUXSLH Z\ERUFyZ RNUHĞODMąF\FK VLĊ MDNRSUDZLFRZL]GHF\GRZDQLHGRPLQXMHZRODSRZLHU]DQLDOLGHURPSDUWLLV]HUR NLFKXSUDZQLHĔ=ZROHQQLNyZWDNLFKUR]ZLą]DĔMHVWRNRáRSRGF]DVJG\ SU]HFLZQH]GDQLHZ\UD]LáR UyĪQLFDSXQNWX 1LH]GHF\GRZDQLVą Z\ERUF\XPLHV]F]DMąF\VLHELHZFHQWUXPVFHQ\SROLW\F]QHM]DVLOQąZáDG]ą OLGHUyZ RSRZLHG]LDáR VLĊ RNRáR  D SU]HFLZ  ]DOHGZLH R SXQNW ZLĊFHM EDGDQ\FKZWHMNDWHJRULL1DWRPLDVWQLHFRLQQ\Z\QLNQLĪZSU]\SDGNX Z\ERUFyZSDUWLLOHZLFRZ\FKRGQRWRZDQRZSU]\SDGNXZ\ERUFyZRNUHĞODMą F\FKVLĊMDNRRVRE\RSRJOąGDFKOHZLFRZ\FK&RSUDZGDSU]HZDĪDMąZĞUyGQLFK ]ZROHQQLF\QLHSRZLHU]DQLDSU]\ZyGFRPSDUW\MQ\PV]HURNLHMZáDG]\VWDQR ZLąF\RNRáREDGDQ\FKMHGQDN]QDF]QąJUXSĊRNRáRVWDQRZLą RVRE\Z\UDĪDMąFH]GDQLHSU]HFLZQH5yĪQLFDMHVWWXQLHZLHONDQDSR]LRPLH SXQNWXSURFHQWRZHJR=DWHPEDUG]LHM]GHF\GRZDQLZVZRLFKSRJOąGDFKVą Z\ERUF\SUDZLFRZLQLĪOHZLFRZL

Tabela 2. &]\ SU]\ZyGF\SDUWLLSRZLQQLSRVLDGDüZUDPDFKLFKVWUXNWXUV]H

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&]\ SU]\ZyGF\ SDUW\MQL SRZLQQL E\ü Z\ELHUDQL Z JáRVRZDQLX SRZV]HFKQ\P SU]H] ZV]\VWNLFK F]áRQNyZ SDUWLL" :LĊNV]RĞü Z\ERUFyZ SRV]F]HJyOQ\FK XJUXSRZDĔ RSRZLDGD VLĊ ]D WDNLP UR]ZLą]DQLHP -HGQDN PRĪQD]DXZDĪ\üSHZQHUyĪQLFH=EDGDQ\FKSDUWLLMHG\QLHZGZyFKSRMDZLáD VLĊ NRQFHSFMD EH]SRĞUHGQLHJR Z\ERUX OLGHUD ] WHJR W\ONR Z 6/' GR F]DVX SU]HSURZDG]RQ\FKEDGDĔ]RVWDáDRQDZSURZDG]RQDZĪ\FLH-HĪHOLSU]\MU]\P\ VLĊEDGDQ\PSRSLHUDMąF\PZ\EyUEH]SRĞUHGQLOLGHUDWRU]HF]\ZLĞFLH]DUyZQR Z32MDNLZ6/'MHVWWR]QDF]QDRGSRZLHGQLRRNRáRLOLF]ED Z\ERUFyZ Tabela 3. &]\SU]\ZyGF\SDUWLLSRZLQQLE\üZ\ELHUDQLZJáRVRZDQLXSR ZV]HFKQ\PSU]H]ZV]\VWNLFKF]áRQNyZDQLHQDSU]\NáDGSU]H]NRQJUHVSDUWLL" íUR]NáDGSURFHQWRZ\RGSRZLHG]LZGHNODUDFMDFKZRGQLHVLHQLXGRZ\ERUyZ GR6HMPX =GHF\GR wanie tak 5DF]HMWDN 1LHPDP ]GDQLD 5DF]HMQLH =GHF\GRwanie nie 3253      36/      3L6      53      6/'      Inne      1LHJáRVRZDáHP      -HGQDN]DVWDQDZLDMąFDMHVWVWRVXQNRZRGXĪDZSRUyZQDQLX]HOHNWR UDWHPSR]RVWDá\FKSDUWLLJUXSDZ\ERUFyZSU]HFLZQ\FKWDNLHPXUR]ZLą]DQLX ZĞUyGZ\ERUFyZ3ODWIRUP\VWDQRZLąFDRNRáREDGDQ\FK-HVWWRSU]\ W\P QDMOLF]QLHMV]D JUXSD SU]HFLZQLNyZ Z SRUyZQDQLX ] HOHNWRUDWDPL SR]R VWDá\FK SDUWLL: 6/' ]ZROHQQLF\ ]QDF]QLH SU]HZDĪDMą QDG SU]HFLZQLNDPL 3U]HFLZQ\FKE\áRFRSUDZGDRNRáRDOH]GHF\GRZDQLHSU]HFLZQ\FK E\áRMHG\QLHEDGDQ\FKZ\ERUFyZ6/'

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=ZROHQQLF\ Z\ERUyZ EH]SRĞUHGQLFK SU]HZDĪDMą Z HOHNWRUDWDFK SRV]F]HJyOQ\FKSDUWLLQDGSU]HFLZQLNDPLMHGQDNLFKSRJOąG\QLHVą]GHF\GR ZDQH:HZV]\VWNLFKHOHNWRUDWDFK]GHF\GRZDQ\FK]ZROHQQLNyZMHVWPQLHMQLĪ ]ZROHQQLNyZ Z\ELHUDMąF\FK RSFMH ÄUDF]HM WDN´ 7DNĪH ZĞUyG SU]HFLZQLNyZ RVWURĪQHSRGHMĞFLHGRWHJRSUREOHPXGHNODUXMHZLĊFHMZ\ERUFyZQLĪ]GHF\GR ZDQH]Z\MąWNLHP53JG]LHZLHONRĞFLW\FKJUXSVą]EOLĪRQH

1LHPRĪQDVWZLHUG]LüĪHUR]NáDGJáRVyZSU]HFLZQLNyZL]ZROHQQLNyZ EH]SRĞUHGQLHJR Z\ERUX OLGHUD SU]H] F]áRQNyZ SDUWLL UyĪQLFXMH V\PSDW\NyZ SDUWLL SUDZLFRZ\FK L OHZLFRZ\FK -HGQDN QLHFR ZLĊNV]D F]ĊĞü Z\ERUFyZ SDUWLL XPLHV]F]DMąF\FK VLĊ QD OHZHM VWURQLH VFHQ\ SROLW\F]QHM RSRZLDGD VLĊ ]DWDNRZ\PUR]ZLą]DQLHPQLĪZSU]\SDGNXZ\ERUFyZSR]RVWDá\FKSDUWLL :SU]\SDGNXSRG]LDáXQDZ\ERUFyZ]DOLF]DMąF\FKVLĊGROHZLF\FHQWUXP LSUDZLF\PRĪQDWDNĪH]DXZDĪ\üSHZQHUyĪQLFHZSRJOąGDFK:NDĪGHM]W\FK JUXSSU]HZDĪDMą]ZROHQQLF\Z\ELHUDQLDOLGHUDSDUWLLZVSRVyEEH]SRĞUHGQL &]\SU]\ZyGF\SDUWLLSRZLQQLE\üZ\ELHUDQLZJáRVRZDQLXSR ZV]HFKQ\PSU]H]ZV]\VWNLFKF]áRQNyZDQLHQDSU]\NáDGSU]H]NRQJUHVSDU WLL"íUR]NáDGSURFHQWRZ\RGSRZLHG]LZGHNODUDFMDFKZRGQLHVLHQLXGRSR JOąGyZLGHRORJLF]Q\FK =GHF\GR 5DF]HMWDN 1LHPDP ]GDQLD 5DF]HMQLH =GHF\GR /HZLFD      &HQWUXP      3UDZLFD      1LHZLHPQLHSR WUD¿ĊRNUHĞOLü     

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