ISSN 1509-1619

Rada Programowa

Franciszek Apanowicz, Anna Bednarczyk, Józef Darski, W³adimir Griesznych, Aleksander Kiklewicz, Joanna Kokot, Jurij Kowbasenko,

Jolanta Miturska-Bojanowska, Ewa Nikadem-Malinowska, Grzegorz Ojcewicz (przewodnicz¹cy), Heinrich Pfandl, Stanis³aw Puppel,

Klaus Steinke, Ewa ¯ebrowska, Aleksander ¯o³kowski, Bogus³aw ¯y³ko Recenzenci

Franciszek Apanowicz, Artur Blaim, Jan Czykwin, Roman Kalisz, Zoja Nowo¿enowa, Jaros³aw Poliszczuk, Bogus³aw ¯y³ko

Sekretarz redakcji Joanna Orzechowska e-mail: joanaorzech@gmail.com

Adres redakcji

Uniwersytet Warmiñsko-Mazurski w Olsztynie Instytut Neofilologii

ul. Kurta Obitza 1, 10-725 Olsztyn, tel. fax (0-89) 527 58 47, (0-89) 524 63 69 http://human.uwm.edu.pl/slowianie/actaa.htm

Projekt ok³adki Barbara Lis-Romañczukowa

Redakcja wydawnicza Ma³gorzata Kubacka

ISSN 1509-1619

© Copyright by Wydawnictwo UWM • Olsztyn 2009

Wydawnictwo UWM ul. Jana Heweliusza 14, 10-718 Olsztyn tel. (0-89) 523 36 61, fax (0-89) 523 34 38

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e-mail: wydawca@uwm.edu.pl Nak³ad 130 egz. Ark. wyd. 12,9; ark. druk. 11 Druk: Zak³ad Poligraficzny UWM w Olsztynie, zam. 538

3 Spis treœci

SPIS TREŒCI

Jêzykoznawstwo i glottodydaktyka

Joanna Orzechowska, Îðíàìåíòèêà êíèã Âîéíîâñêîãî ìîíàñòûðÿ. Ê âîïðîñó î âðåìåíè

è ìåñòå èçäàíèÿ ... 5

Marta Bogus³awska-Tafelska, The Language of Medicine: Some Remarks on the Communicative Intention Violation ... 21

Joanna Nawacka, Derywaty czasownikowe okreœlaj¹ce mi³oœæ, erotykê i seks we wspó³czesnym rosyjskim ¿argonie m³odzie¿owym ... 27

Monika Piotrowska-Mazurowska, Derywaty rzeczownikowe we wspó³czesnym rosyjskim ¿argonie narkomanów ... 35

Literaturoznawstwo i kulturoznawstwo Þðié Êîâáàñåíêî, ˳òåðàòóðà ïîñòìîäåðí³çìó: øòðèõè äî ïîðòðåòó ... 45

Grzegorz Ojcewicz, W woskowym wianku Borysa Pop³awskiego. Analiza statystyczna i interpretacja ... 69

Ewa Nikadem-Malinowska, Obrazowanie samotnoœci w wierszu Josifa Brodskiego Íîâûå ñòàíñû ê Àâãóñòå w ujêciu kognitywnym ... 97

Ewa Kujawska-Lis, G.K. Chesterton’s Games with Identities ... 107

Darius Langhoff, The Fall of the House of Usher – Schizophrenia ... 119

Àýëèòà Áàçèëåâñêàÿ, Ïñèõîëîãèÿ ëþáâè ⠄òàèíñòâåííûõ ïîâåñòÿõ” È.Ñ. Òóðãåíåâà ... 129

Þëèÿ ×åðíÿâñêàÿ, Ýòíè÷íîñòü: cóùíîñòü è ñòðóêòóðà ... 151

Beata Goj³o, Borys Pop³awski i W³adimir Nabokow: dwa œwiaty i dwie poetyki ... 165

4 Spis treœci

„Acta Neophilologica” 1999–2009

Z okazji dziesiêciolecia rocznika naukowego „Acta Neo- philologica” Rada Programowa pisma sk³ada serdeczne po- dziêkowania wszystkim jego Autorom i Recenzentom, którzy przyczynili siê do propagowania treœci neofilologicznych w Polsce i poza jej granicami. Wspó³pracownikom „Acta Neo- philologica” ¿yczymy du¿o zdrowia i wielu sukcesów na ni- wie naukowej.

5

Îðíàìåíòèêà êíèã Âîéíîâñêîãî ìîíàñòûðÿ. Ê âîïðîñó î âðåìåíè è ìåñòå èçäàíèÿ

UWM Olsztyn Acta Neophilologica, XI, 2009

ISSN 1509-1619

JÊZYKOZNAWSTWO I GLOTTODYDAKTYKA

Joanna Orzechowska Instytut Neofilologii

Uniwersytet Warmiñsko-Mazurski w Olsztynie

ÎÐÍÀÌÅÍÒÈÊÀ ÊÍÈÃ ÂÎÉÍÎÂÑÊÎÃÎ ÌÎÍÀÑÒÛÐß.

Ê ÂÎÏÐÎÑÓ Î ÂÐÅÌÅÍÈ È ÌÅÑÒÅ ÈÇÄÀÍÈß

Key words: Old Believers, the monastery in Wojnowo, liturgical volumes, ornaments, Grebnev’s printing house

 ïîëîâèíå XIX â. â ñåëå Âîéíîâî, ïðè ïîääåðæêå ìîñêîâñêîé îáùèíû ôåäîñååâöå⠖ Ïðåîáðàæåíñêîãî êëàäáèùà, áûë îñíîâàí ìóæñêîé ñòàðîîáðÿä÷åñêèé ìîíàñòûðü. Íàèáîëüøåãî ðàñöâåòà îí äîñòèã ïðè èãóìåíå Ïàâëå Ïðóññêîì (1852–1867). Êîãäà Ïàâåë èçìåíèë ôåäîñååâñêèì âîççðåíèÿì íà áðàê è óåõàë â Ìîñêâó ñ áîëüøèíñòâîì ñâîèõ ó÷åíèêîâ, çäàíèå ìîíàñòûðÿ êóïèëà Àíàñòàñèÿ Ñîêîëîâà, íàñòîÿòåëüíèöà ñãîðåâøåãî æåñêîãî ìîíàñòûðÿ íà Ìàéäàíå. Áëàãîäàðÿ ìîñêâîâñêèì ôåäîñååâöàì îðãàíèçîâàëà çäåñü æåíñêèé ñòàðîîáðÿä÷åñêèé ìîíàñòûðü¹.

Ïîñëå Âòîðîé ìèðîâîé âîéíû íà÷èíàåòñÿ óïàäîê ìîíàñòûðÿ.  1978 ãîäó, ïîñëå ñìåðòè ïîñëåäíåé íàñòîÿòåëüíèöû – Ïðàñêîâèè Âàâèëîâîé (1898–

–15.01.1978), ïîñëåäíåé èíîêèíè èç Ðîññèè², ìîíàñòûðü ñòàë ñîáñòâåííîñòüþ äâóõ áåëèö – Ôèìû (Afimii Kuschmierz) (1916–2005) è Ëåíû (Heleny Stopki) (1912–2006), à òàêæå íå ñâÿçàííîãî ñî ñòàðîîáðÿä÷åñòâîì Ëåîíà Ëþäâèêîâñêîãî èç Ìèêîëàåê. Ïîñëå êîí÷èíû ìîíàõèíü ÷àñòü ìîíàñòûðñêèõ ïðèíàäëåæíîñòåé (èêîíû, êíèãè à òàêæå îäåæäà) áûëà ïåðåâåçåíà â Ìóçåé Âàðìèè è Ìàçóð â Îëüøòûíå.

 íàñòîÿùåå âðåìÿ áûâøèé ìîíàñòûðü íàõîäèòñÿ â ÷àñòíûõ ðóêàõ, íå âûïîëíÿåò ñàêðàëüíûõ ôóíêöèé è ïðèîáð¸ë ñòàòóñ ìóçåÿ.

1 Z. Jaroszewicz-Pieres³awcew, Starowiercy w Polsce i ich ksiêgi, Olsztyn, OBN w Olsztynie 1995, c. 43–46.

2 E. Iwaniec, Pamiêtnik Antoniny Kondratiewej (1914–1916). Przyczynek do dziejów ¿eñskiego klasztoru staroobrzêdowego w Wojnowie na Mazurach, Zeszyty Naukowe Katolickiego Uniwersytetu Lubelskiego 1982, ¹ 2–4 (98–100), c. 244.

6 Joanna Orzechowska

Êíèãè è èêîíû, ñîõðàíèâøèåñÿ â Âîéíîâñêîì ìîíàñòûðå, äî ñèõ ïîð íå èññëåäîâàíû. Âî âðåìÿ ïðåáûâàíèÿ â ìîíàñòûðå èíîêèíü è ïîñëóøíèö äîñòóï ê öåðêîâíûì êíèãàì èçîáèëîâàë ðàçíîãî ðîäà ïðåïÿòñòâèÿìè èç-çà ðåëèãèîçíîãî, êóëüòóðíîãî è ñîöèàëüíîãî èçîëÿöèîíèçìà è âûòåêàâøåãî èç íåãî íåäîâåðèÿ ê èíîâåðíûì. Òîëüêî ïîñëå ñìåðòè ïîñëåäíåé áåëèöû, áëàãîäàðÿ áëàãîæåëà- òåëüíîñòè íûíåøíèõ ÷àñòíûõ âëàäåëüöåâ ìîíàñòûðÿ, ïðåïîäàâàòåëè è ñòóäåíòû Âàðìèíñêî-Ìàçóðñêîãî óíèâåðñèòåòà ïîëó÷èëè âîçìîæíîñòü ôîòîãðàôèðîâàòü è îïèñûâàòü ñîõðàíèâøèåñÿ êíèãè.

Âî âðåìÿ íàó÷íûõ ýêñïåäèöèé Ñòóäåí÷åñêîãî êðóæêà ñëàâèñòîâ (ëåòîì 2006 è 2007 ãã.), ïîä ðóêîâîäñòâîì äîêòîðà Åëåíû Ïîòåõèíîé è ïðè ó÷àñòèè àâòîðà íàñòîÿùåé ñòàòüè, â ñóíäóêå êíèæíèöû, â ïîìåùåíèè íàõîäÿùåìñÿ ðÿäîì ñ ìîëåííîé, áûëî îáíàðóæåíî íåñêîëüêî ëèòóðãè÷åñêèõ ïå÷àòíûõ êíèã.

Ñ áîëüøîé óâåðåííîñòüþ ìîæíî ïðåäïîëàãàòü èõ îáùåå ïðîèñõîæäåíèå èç-çà íàëè÷èÿ îáùèõ çàñòàâîê è îäèíàêîâîãî øðèôòà. Âûõîäíûå ñâåäåíèÿ òðåõ èç íèõ

– ×èíà ïîãðåáåíèÿ, Ñèíîäèêà è Ñâÿòöå⠖ â êîëîôîíå óêàçûâàþò Ïî÷àåâ, êàê ìåñòî èçäàíèÿ:

Ïîä òî÷êîé, çàêàí÷èâàþùåé ïîñëåäíþþ ñòðîêó, ïîñòàâëåí âîïðîñèòåëüíûé çíàê.

 ñòàòüå Ñòàðîîáðÿä÷åñêèé Âîéíîâñêèé Ñèíîäèê. Âðåìÿ è ìåñòî èçäàíèÿ³ ïðåäïîëàãàåì è ïûòàåìñÿ äîêàçàòü, ÷òî ýòè ñâåäåíèÿ íå ìîãóò áûòü ïîäëèííûìè.

Èññëåäóÿ ïå÷àòíóþ ïðîäóêöèþ ñòàðîîáðÿäöåâ, ñëåäóåò ó÷èòûâàòü òî, ÷òî çà èñêëþ÷åíèåì êîðîòêèõ ïåðèîäîâ, îíà áûëà íåëåãàëüíîé. ×òîáû íå ðàñêðûâàòü ìåñòîíàõîæäåíèÿ òèïîãðàôèè ïå÷àòíèêè íå ïîìåùàëè â êíèãàõ âûõîäíûå äàííûå èëè ïîìåùàëè ëîæíûå ñâåäåíèÿ. Êðîìå òîãî, ïîäïîëüíàÿ èçäàòåëüñêàÿ äåÿòåëüíîñòü ÷àñòî çàêàí÷èâàëàñü óòðàòîé ìíîãèõ ýêçåìïëÿðîâ èç-çà êîíôè- ñêàöèè êíèã, à òàêæå èçúÿòèåì è óòðàòîé òèïîãðàôè÷åñêèõ ïðèíàäëåæíîñòåé.

 íàñòîÿùåå âðåìÿ ýòè ôàêòîðû îñëîæíÿþò îïèñàíèå ñîõðàíèâøèõñÿ êíèã ñòàðîîáðÿäöåâ èç-çà îòñóòñâèÿ ïîäëèííûõ äàííûõ è ñîïîñòàâèòåëüíîãî ìàòåðèàëà. Ïîýòîìó äî ñèõ ïîð íåäîñòàòî÷íî èññëåäîâàíà âòîðàÿ ïîëîâèíà XIX

– íà÷àëî XX ââ., è òîëüêî â ïîñëåäíèå ãîäû ïîÿâèëàñü ëèòåðàòóðà, êàñàþùàÿñÿ èçäàòåëüñêîé äåÿòåëüíîñòè ýòîãî ïåðèîäà⁴.  âûøåóïîìÿíóòîé ñòàòüå⁵ ìû

3 J. Orzechowska, Ñòàðîîáðÿä÷åñêèé Âîéíîâñêèé Ñèíîäèê. Âðåìÿ è ìåñòî èçäàíèÿ, Slavia Orientalis 2008, LVII, ¹ 2, c. 203–210.

4 À.Â. Âîçíåñåíñêèé, Ï.È. Ìàíãèëåâ, È.Â. Ïî÷èíñêàÿ, Êíèãîèçäàòåëüñêàÿ äåÿòåëüíîñòü ñòàðîîáðÿäöåâ (1701–1918). Ìàòåðèàëû ê ñëîâàðþ, Åêàòåðèíáóðã 1996, c. 3–7.

5 J. Orzechowska, op. cit., c. 203–210.

Íàïå÷à1òàñz. Âú òvïîãðà1ô³è ïî÷à1ºâñêîé.

×åòâåðòàÿ êíèãà – Ïðàâèëíèê – ñîäåðæèò ñëåäóþùèå äàííûå:

Íàïå÷à1òàñz. âú òmïîãðà1ô³è Õðcò³z1íú, Ñîëîâå1öêàãw è6 Ñòàðîïîìî1ðñêàãw Ïîòî1ìñòâà ?

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Îðíàìåíòèêà êíèã Âîéíîâñêîãî ìîíàñòûðÿ. Ê âîïðîñó î âðåìåíè è ìåñòå èçäàíèÿ

ïîïûòàëèñü îïðîâåðãíóòü ïîäëèííîñòü âûõîäíûõ ñâåäåíèé ÷åòûðåõ êíèã è âûäâèíóëè ãèïîòåçó, ÷òî êíèãè áûëè íàïå÷àòàíû â òèïîãðàôèè Ë.À. Ãðåáíåâà â ñåëå Äåðãà÷è Âÿòñêîé ãóáåðíèè⁶, äåéñòâóþùåé â 1899–1905 ãîäû, òàê êàê èìåííî äëÿ ýòîé òèïîãðàôèè áûëè õàðàêòåðíû öèòèðîâàííûå ëîæíûå âûõîäíûå ñâåäåíèÿ.

Íàëè÷èå ëîæíûõ äàííûõ â êíèãàõ, èçäàííûõ íåëåãàëüíî, âûíóæäàþò èññëåäîâàòåëåé îáðàùàòüñÿ ê äðóãèì õàðàêòåðíûì ïðèìåòàì òèïîãðàôèé äëÿ ïðàâèëüíîãî îïðåäåëåíèÿ ìåñòà è âðåìåíè èçäàíèÿ êíèãè.

Íàøè ïðåäïîëîæåíèÿ î äåðãà÷åâñêîì ïðîèñõîæäåíèè ëèòóðãè÷åñêèõ êíèã, îáíàðóæåííûõ â ìîíàñòûðå, ïîäòâåðæäàåò èõ ñèñòåìà ñèãíàòóð è ôîëÿöèè⁷. Íóìåðàöèÿ ëèñòîâ è òåòðàäåé, ïðåäñòàâëÿåò ñîáîé åäèíóþ ñèñòåìó, õàðàêòåðíóþ äëÿ ñòàðîîáðÿä÷åñêèõ èçäàíèé âòîðîé ïîëîâèíû XIX – íà÷àëà XX âåêîâ⁸, ò.å. âðåìåíè ðàáîòû Ãðåáíåâñêîé òèïîãðàôèè.

Íåñîìíåííî, íàèáîëåå âûðàçèòåëüíîé ïðèìåòîé êàæäîé òèïîãðàôèè ÿâëÿåòñÿ åå îðàìåíòèêà.

 íàñòîÿùåå âðåìÿ â Êèðîâñêîì îáëàñòíîì êðàåâåä÷åñêîì ìóçåå, â ñîçäàíèè êîòîðîãî ïðèíèìàë ó÷àñòèå ñàì Ãðåáíåâ, íàõîäèòñÿ Àëüáîì ñ îòòèñêàìè çàñòàâîê (êëèøå), ðàìîê è áóêâèö, óïîòðåáëÿåìûõ â òèïîãðàôèè Ãðåáíåâà (ÊÎÊÌ

¹ 26761). Òîò æå Àëüáîì, äîïîëíåííûé îðíàìåíòèêîé, âûÿâëåííîé â èçäàíèÿõ ïå÷àòíèêà èç ôîíäîâ Ëàáîðàòîðèè àðõåîãðàôè÷åñêèõ èññëåäîâàíèé Óðàëüñêîãî ãîñóäàðñòâåííîãî óíèâåðñèòåòà, îïóáëèêîâàí È.Â. Ïî÷èíñêîé â Èíòåðíåòå⁹.

Îðíàìåíòû, ïðåäñòàâëåííûå â Àëüáîìå, óïîòðåáëåíû â êíèãàõ èç êîëëåêöèè ìîíàñòûðÿ.

Íà ëèñòàõ ×èíà ïîãðåáåíèÿ, Ñèíîäèêà, Ñâÿòöåâ, Ïðàâèëíèêà îòìå÷àåì îðíàìåòû, èìåþùèå ñâîè îáðàçöû â Àëüáîìå: 10 ðàçíûõ çàñòàâîê (¹ 8, ¹ 9,

¹ 10, ¹ 11, ¹ 13, ¹ 14, ¹ 28, ¹ 34, ¹ 35, ¹ 36), äâå êîíöîâêè (¹ 91, ¹ 92) è äâå ðàìêè äëÿ ìàðãèíàëèé (¹ 58, ¹ 62). Â Òàáëèöå ¹ 1 ïðåäñòàâëåíû îáíàðóæåííûå ñîîòâåòñòâèÿ èç ðàññìàòðèâàåìûõ êíèã ñ óêàçàíèåì èõ ìåñòîíàõîæäåíèÿ (óêàçûâàåòñÿ íîìåð ëèñòà èëè åãî îáîðîò, ñîãëàñíî íóìåðàöèè ëèñòîâ ñóùåñòâóþùåé â êíèãàõ).

6 À.Â. Âîçíåñåíñêèé, Ï.È. Ìàíãèëåâ, È. Ïî÷èíñêàÿ, op. cit., c. 27–32.

7 J. Orzechowska, Ê âîïðîñó î ìåñòå è âðåìåíè èçäàíèÿ áîãîñëóæåáíûõ êíèã ñòàðî- îáðÿä÷åñêîãî ìîíàñòûðÿ â Âîéíîâî. Ñèñòåìà ñèãíàòóð è ôîëèàöèè, Przegl¹d Rusycystyczny 2009,

¹ 1 (125), c. 5–12.

8 À.Â. Âîçíåñåíñêèé, Ñòàðîîáðÿä÷åñêèå èçäàíèÿ XVIII – íà÷àëà XIX âåêà: Ââåäåíèå â èçó-

÷åíèå, ÑÏá, Èçäàòåëüñòâî Ñ.-Ïåòåðáóðãñêîãî óíèâåðñèòåòà 1996, c. 51–53.

9 [Online] <http://www.eunnet.net/books/oldb3/chapter2/album.html>, dostêp: 31.05.2008.

8 Joanna Orzechowska

Òàáëèöà ¹ 1

Àëüáîì Ñèíîäèê ×èí ïîãðåáåíèÿ Ñâÿòöû Ïðàâèëüíèê

Çàñòàâêà ¹ 8 6 1

Çàñòàâêà ¹ 9 49

Çàñòàâêà ¹ 10 1 îá.

Çàñòàâêà ¹ 11 1, 23, 91 îá., 107, 65

110 îá., 121, 131 îá.

Çàñòàâêà ¹ 13 19 îá., 28 îá. 15 îá., 48, 65

Çàñòàâêà ¹ 14 12, 24 8 îá., 57, 90, 5, 39, 56 îá., 68 îá.

103 îá., 132

Çàñòàâêà ¹ 28 15 îá., 35, 46 îá.,

61, 173 îá., 188

Çàñòàâêà ¹ 34 66 îá., 92 îá.,

103 îá., 129 îá., 142 îá., 151 îá.

Çàñòàâêà ¹ 35 74, 96 îá., 102 îá.,

140 îá., 146 îá.

Çàñòàâêà ¹ 36 1, 23, 192, 222

Êîíöîâêà ¹ 91 131 15, 34 îá., 187 îá., 15

207 îá.

Êîíöîâêà ¹ 92 63

Ðàìêà äëÿ

ìàðãèíàëèé ¹ 58 1

Ðàìêà äëÿ

ìàðãèíàëèé ¹ 62 8 îá., 11, 14 îá., 32

 Òàáëèöàõ ¹ 2-14 ïðåäñòàâëåíû îáðàçöû îðíàìåíòîâ, ïîìåùåííûõ â Àëüáîìå è ñîîòâåòñòâóþùèé îðíàìåíò èç ðàññìàòðèâàåìûõ êíèã.

9

Îðíàìåíòèêà êíèã Âîéíîâñêîãî ìîíàñòûðÿ. Ê âîïðîñó î âðåìåíè è ìåñòå èçäàíèÿ

Òàáëèöà ¹ 2 Çàñòàâêà ¹ 8

Àëüáîì

Ñèíîäèê Ïðàâèëüíèê

10 Joanna Orzechowska

Òàáëèöà ¹ 3

Çàñòàâêà ¹ 9 Àëüáîì

×èí ïîãðåáåíèÿ

Òàáëèöà ¹ 4 Çàñòàâêà ¹ 10

Àëüáîì

Ñèíîäèê

11

Îðíàìåíòèêà êíèã Âîéíîâñêîãî ìîíàñòûðÿ. Ê âîïðîñó î âðåìåíè è ìåñòå èçäàíèÿ

Òàáëèöà ¹ 5 Çàñòàâêà ¹ 11

Àëüáîì

Ïðàâèëüíèê

×èí ïîãðåáåíèÿ

Òàáëèöà ¹ 6

Çàñòàâêà ¹ 13

Àëüáîì

Ñèíîäèê Ïðàâèëüíèê

12 Joanna Orzechowska

Òàáëèöà ¹ 7 Çàñòàâêà ¹ 14

Àëüáîì

Ñèíîäèê

×èí ïîãðåáåíèÿ Ñâÿòöû

Òàáëèöà ¹ 8 Çàñòàâêà ¹ 34

Àëüáîì

Ñâÿòöû

13

Îðíàìåíòèêà êíèã Âîéíîâñêîãî ìîíàñòûðÿ. Ê âîïðîñó î âðåìåíè è ìåñòå èçäàíèÿ

Òàáëèöà ¹ 9 Çàñòàâêà ¹ 35

Àëüáîì

Ñâÿòöû

Òàáëèöà ¹ 10 Çàñòàâêà ¹ 36

Àëüáîì

Ñâÿòöû

14 Joanna Orzechowska

Òàáëèöà ¹ 11 Êîíöîâêà ¹ 91

Àëüáîì

×èí ïîãðåáåíèÿ Ñâÿòöû Ïðàâèëüíèê

Òàáëèöà ¹ 12 Êîíöîâêà ¹ 92

  Àëüáîì

Ïðàâèëüíèê

15

Îðíàìåíòèêà êíèã Âîéíîâñêîãî ìîíàñòûðÿ. Ê âîïðîñó î âðåìåíè è ìåñòå èçäàíèÿ

Òàáëèöà ¹ 13

Àëüáîì Ïðàâèëüíèê

Ðàìêà äëÿ ìàðãèíàëèé

¹ 58

16 Joanna Orzechowska

Òàáëèöà ¹ 14

Àëüáîì Ñèíîäèê

Ðàìêà äëÿ ìàðãèíàëèé

¹ 62

Äâå èç çàôèêñèðîâàííûõ çàñòàâîê â Âîéíîâñêèõ êíèãàõ (¹ 13, ¹ 36) ïðèëàãàþòñÿ â êà÷åñòâå èëëþñòðàöèé (ñíèìêîâ) îòäåëüíûõ ëèñòîâ èç êíèã ãðåáíåâñêèõ èçäàíèé ê ñòàòüÿì Ãðåáíåâ è Òèï. Ãðåáíåâà â Ìàòåðèàëàõ ê ñëîâàðþ¹⁰.

Áëàãîäàðÿ îðíàìåíòèêå óäàëîñü îêîí÷àòåëüíî ïîäòâåðäèòü ðàíåå âûäâèíóòóþ ãèïîòåçó î ìåñòå èçäàíèÿ ÷åòûðåõ êíèã èç ñîáðàíèÿ ñòàðîîáðÿä÷å- ñêîãî ìîíàñòûðÿ â Âîéíîâî. Ðèñóíîê çàñòàâîê, êîíöîâîê, ðàìîê äëÿ ìàðãèíàëèé óêàçûâàåò íà èõ ïðîèñõîæäåíèå èç òèïîãðàôèè Ë.À. Ãðåáíåâà.

10 A .Â. Âîçíåñåíñêèé, Ï.È. Ìàíãèëåâ, È.Â. Ïî÷èíñêàÿ, op. cit., c. 30, 31.

17

Îðíàìåíòèêà êíèã Âîéíîâñêîãî ìîíàñòûðÿ. Ê âîïðîñó î âðåìåíè è ìåñòå èçäàíèÿ

5 îá.22 îá., 48 îá., 89 îá.,91, 106 îá.60 îá., 76 îá., 152 îá., 173, 179 îá., 191 îá., 196 îá., 211 îá.

64 îá., 74

Òàáëèöà ¹ 15 Êîíöîâêà 35 îá.8 îá., 85 îá., 197 Çàñòàâêà 29, 40, 52 îá., 77, 153, 180, 208 Çàñòàâêà

1 2 3 4 5 ÎðíàìåíòûÑèíîäèê ×èí ïîãðåáåíèÿÑâÿòöû Ïðàâèëüíèê

18 Joanna Orzechowska

Ðàìêà äëÿ ìàðãèíàëèé

6

1 2 3 4 5

19

Îðíàìåíòèêà êíèã Âîéíîâñêîãî ìîíàñòûðÿ. Ê âîïðîñó î âðåìåíè è ìåñòå èçäàíèÿ

 ðàññìàòðèâàåìûõ êíèãàõ îòìå÷àåì äðóãèå îðíàìåíòû, íå èìåþùèå àíàëîãîâ â Àëüáîìå. Èõ îòñòóñòâèå ñëåäóåò îáúÿñíèòü èçúÿòèåì ÷àñòè òèïîãðàôè÷åñêèõ ïðèíàäëåæíîñòåé â 1918 ãîäó. Åñòåñòâåííî, óòðà÷åííûå êëèøå îðíàìåíòîâ íå ïîïàëè â Àëüáîì, ïðèãîòîâëåííûé ñàìèì ïå÷àòíèêîì äëÿ ìóçåÿ â 1921 ãîäó¹¹.  íàñòîÿùåå âðåìÿ ñíèìêè ýòèõ ãðåáíåâñêèõ îðíàìåòîâ ìîãëè áû ïîïîëíèòü Àëüáîì.

Èõ îáðàçöû ñ óêàçàíèåì èõ ìåñòîíàõîæäåíèÿ ïðåäñòàâëåíû â Òàáëèöå ¹ 15.

Summary

The Ornaments in the Volumes of the Old Believers’ Monastery in Wojnowo.

The Time and Place of Publication

The article is a review of four volumes from the remaining collection of volumes in the Old Believers’ monastery in Wojnowo. The author established their place of publication on the basis of the analysis of ornaments, primarily book ends, as well as comparing them with the Catalogue of ornaments from L. Grebnev’s printing house published on the Internet.

11 Ibidem, c. 27.

20 Joanna Orzechowska

21

The Language of Medicine: Some Remarks on the Communicative Intention Violation

UWM Olsztyn Acta Neophilologica, XI, 2009

ISSN 1509-1619

Marta Bogus³awska-Tafelska Instytut Neofilologii

Uniwersytet Warmiñsko-Mazurski w Olsztynie

THE LANGUAGE OF MEDICINE: SOME REMARKS ON THE COMMUNICATIVE INTENTION VIOLATION

Key words: the language of medicine, communicative intention violation, psycholinguistic aware- ness, frame structures, prevention

This concise study will serve one general goal which, contrary to what may be inferred from the title with the reference to medical arts, will be specifically of psy- cholinguistic rather than medical character. The objective is to trace the possible co- gnitive outcome consequent on the language and conversational style typical of the medical expertise today. It will be shown how the stylistic and lexical convention can alter the process of treatment or even the pre-treatment phase, when prevention is pointed as the best medicine.

The inspiration to examine the language of medicine and its role in the process of the medical treatment came from a short written announcement I spotted on the board in one of the local shops of my homeplace. The note read:

The health centre in D. organises free of charge examination including:

– testing bones in the direction of osteoporosis;

– testing the lungs in the direction of asthma.

If you are interested, you are invited...

[translation – M. B.-T.]

Far behind us is the time when language was treated as an abstract system of sounds, words and sentences, functioning in isolation to the biological, mental and cultural contexts in which human activity is embedded. In order to understand the genuine effects of any linguistic activity one has to bear in mind a number of psycho- linguistic mechanisms – intrapersonal and interpersonal in character – that organise communication. Today, the psycholinguistic perspective which has found its faithful

22 Marta Bogus³awska-Tafelska

advocates among researchers in the language studies, accounts for such subtleties as the speaker’s and listener’s mental structures, updated continually and dynamic in nature, while analysing the speech acts; other essential aspects contextualising any linguistic exchange are the systemic parameters describing the language as being ap- plied for the communication goals of the communication dyad participants. Among these systemic values there are: the conversational style and the lexical choice.

The psycholinguistic analysis of linguistic behaviour requires one more level of the analysis to be introduced. Namely, in the current stage of evolution of the human organism, cognitive activity of humans is controlled by both: the rational mind and the emotional mind; as language is a mental process, the two ways of processing the data:

cognitive and emotional, apply to the linguistic data processing as well. Furthermore, apart form the emotional code, different situational or cultural contexts pre-mark the ultimate conversational effect as well. They can shed a totally new light on and may bring totally ‘new readings’ to even identical linguistic utterances. Consequently, the process of both language production and language reception, being dynamic and sub- jective, are of creative nature. Towards this kind of explanation is the below study of the language of medicine oriented.

1. The communicative intention violated

All that one is trying to accomplish with one’s language is referred to as his/her com- municative intention [Dirven 1998: 162,163]. When one wants to put his/her thoughts or opinions into words, one aims to evoke some result; the intention may be to inform, to release the emotions, or to manipulate the receiver. Regardless the goal, a healthy person – in the sense of the general cognitive abilities being within the norm

– is equipped cognitively to adjust the linguistic means to the awaited and intended communicative outcome. Simultaneously, the receiver of the message is able to decode the intended information in the intended way, that is activate the required frame of communication. The cognitive scenario of a successful communication involves the encoding and decoding processes based on the stylistic and lexical cues which, in turn, activate proper cognitive frames [Kiklewicz 2007]. In other words, the cognitive function of the style and lexical decision which orchestrate the linguistic performance consists in the activation of mental information structures in the cognitive system of the message receiver. Any defects in this process of identifying and locating a given message within a proper conversational frame are characteristic of various cognitive syndromes, schizophrenia being one of them [Kiklewicz 2007]. In such conversational situations, the defectively functioning language processor of the message receiver cannot decide on a mental frame to switch on and apply in the linguistic comprehension process.

Usually, however, healthy users of language hold the opinion that they are able to adjust the linguistic device to the metalinguistic aim in their linguistic activity, which is, unfortunately, not always the case. People with low psycholinguistics awareness are hardly ever aware of the consequences of their linguistic choices. The case discussed

23

The Language of Medicine: Some Remarks on the Communicative Intention Violation

in the current study exemplifies the incompetent language use, which leads to an usuccessful communicative exchange. The primary intention of the author of the note in question must have been to inform the reader about the unique offer put forth by the local health centre. Free tests, checking the condition of the bone structure and function- ing the lungs, constitute the opportunity that cannot be missed these days; after all, normally, the state-guaranteed specialist help in Poland requires a lot of patience on the part of the patient who has to take into account a considerable time period of waiting in the queue to the specialist, along with other needy patients. However, the underlying suggestion included in the text under discussion seems to include the incen- tive to take care of one’s physical condition, for which is still some time. The author of the announcement aimed to attract healthy people who would like to keep their well- ness up. However, the two adverbial phrases: ‘in the direction of osteoporosis’ and ‘in the direction of asthma’ spoiled the effect and, while violating the communicative intention of the author on the one hand, turned the offer into an invitation for already osteoporosis-suffering or asthma-suffering patients; on the other hand, made those not diagnosed, the cases already classified. The most probable result brought by the anno- uncement was that the voluntaries for the tests comprised mostly asthmatics, osteopo- rosis-suffering people or those who were convinced or in fear of having contracted either of the two disorders.

2. Psycholinguistic considerations

Humans understand the stimuli they receive from the external environment provid- ed that their cognitive representations contain proper information, that is, the keys to the cognitive package brought by the stimuli. The reformulated semantic theory propo- sed by George Mandler seems to be the happiest postulate since the time when seman- tics of the portion of language was equated with the sum of the composing lexemes.

Mandler proposes a holistic vision on the linguistic meaning. The scholar notices that

‘meaning equates (cognitive) structure’ [Mandler 1984: 51]. If some information is to be comprehended (or even received into one’s awareness), a mental counterpart or symbolic representative has to be activated in the mental vision of the world. Humans collect these ‘mental keys’ throughout their lifetimes; new data which enter the cogni- tive apparatus push away old data, modify them, or help to generate generalisations. In this sense, it is always possible to ‘teach the old mind new tricks’. Moreover, the cognitive mechanism of forming and updating the cognitive map is based on two complementary ways of handling the input: the cognitive/declarative/procedural pro- cessing and the emotional processing. There are cognitivists who assume the existence of two distinct ‘minds’ within one cognitive system; these minds may have their neurobiological unfolding in the dichotomy of the right and the left hemispheres. The biology of cognition has it that the two cerebral hemispheres are simultaneously invol- ved in any mental operation, preferring their own, specific strategies of dealing with this input [Springer and Deutsch 1998].

24 Marta Bogus³awska-Tafelska

2.1. The frame analysis

The mental representation, otherwise referred to as ‘the mind’, divides itself into the mental mechanisms and data, the later being portions of information encoded and continually updated in the mind, termed concepts, scripts, frames, schemata and other.

These chunks of information when activated form one’s awareness [Mandler 1984:

70]. As it has been already assumed, the stylistic and lexical parameters of the message have a cognitive consequence in the receiver’s mind, activating proper cognitive fra- mes. According to Barsalou, a frame is an attribute – value set, where its attributes are the constant, abstract features of an object, and the values are its concrete realisations.

If one considers A MEDICAL TEST as an attribute of a frame, constituting A MEDI- CAL CONSULTATION in general, two values come into play and fall into a comple- mentary relation, which are tests to name the illness in case of some symptoms, implying a given disorder; or tests which are to acknowledge the health and strength of the organism, when the organism is, generally speaking, in a good condition. The cognitive system when confronted with the notion ‘a medical test’ will search through the received message for more data to determine one value or the other. The obvious choice the reader of the note under the current discussion is going to make will be the former value, which composes a frame of a medical consultation for determining a disorder. The clue comes from the two adverbial phrases: ‘in the direction of asthma’

and ‘in the direction of osteoporosis’. The cognition of the reader of the message will be quite literarily directed towards these values.

3. Disorder-directed modelling

Similarly to the unique relationship between the parent and the child, based on the expert behaviour on the part of the parent and the pupil role of the child, the doctor and his/her patient enter a communication dyad being based on the relation between a suffering person and the care-taker or help-giver [Puppel 2000: 129–141]. The paral- lel analysis can go further, the patient seeks help and advise, hence his/her cognition is ready and open to receive and internalise the guidelines how to cope with the problem.

One can assume that a patient seeking the doctor’s advice has prepared his/her mental structures for reshuffle, having given inner consent and having built a necessary moti- vation to loosen the cognitive structures and immerse into the mental phase of the epistemic openness [Maruszewski, Œciga³a 1998; translation of the Polish term

– M. B-T]. The doctor, acting as an expert, is expected to provide the professional advice; in a sense, the doctor models his/her patient and implies the role the patient is to play as… a patient. The way in which the formal notice in question is written awakes in the potential patient’s mind the scene of any lungs’ ailments being somehow linked with asthma; and any bones disorder being due to osteoporosis. On the one hand, the notice refers to the knowledge of lungs or bones disorders, already stored in the mental representation of the potential patient; on the other hand, the notice builds

25

The Language of Medicine: Some Remarks on the Communicative Intention Violation

up a new mental scene which will, in the future, get activated every time any problem with the bones or the lungs occurs.

One of the first linguists to mention the psycholinguistic consequences of careless language in medicine was Alfred Korzybski [Steinberg 1998: 166]. Korzybski believed that improper language damages the brain and contributes to susceptibility to various diseases; only by transforming the language is one able to retrain the cell pathways in the brain. Although Danny Steinberg, in his monograph on psycholinguistics presented Korzybski’s ideas as far-fetched, one cannot escape the impression that Steinberg’s irony¹ was pre-emptive [Steinberg 1998: 165–166]. It is not my intention in this paper to discuss the freshest discoveries within neuropsychology but, to counterargument Steinberg, one needs to realise that the human mind is characterised by its life-long maturational and reshuffle potential; thus by means of proper therapeutic techniques or self-work (language being the most widely used and effectively potent tool in modern psychotherapy) one can alter the neural circuits in the brain, which equates correcting one’s chosen cognitive reactions.

4. Conclusions

This brief analysis of the medical announcement constituted an inspiration to consider the inevitability and two-directionality of the dyad: mind – language. The mind generates language, but the language sent and received has the potential to (re)model the mind. The immediate psycholinguistic conclusion is that not only lingui- stic but any professional expertise today requires this psycholinguistic awareness of the cognitive effects of the stylistic and lexical choices of the language communication participants. The above presented brief discussion points to the necessity of more conscious linguistic choices on the part of people working in the health care sector, which appears to be equally vital as proper choices of drugs. Prevention is the best cure, and it refers, above all, to the psycholinguistic modelling of healthy people who are potential patients, so that they will consider disorders as marginal life episodes.

Doctors are able to refocus patients ‘in the direction of health’; when confronting an illness, such patients will visualise the problem as a temporary obstacle towards good psychophysical condition, while patients oriented ‘in the direction of an illness’ are likely to strive to notice new signals confirming their fate to be ill.

1 At that stage of neurobiological and psycholinguistic research into the human brain and nervous system, Korzybski’s ideas must have been perceived as very original, if not shocking. From the contem- porary perspective, however, his analyses can be regarded as pioneering contemporary proposals of psy- choneuroimmunology.

26 Marta Bogus³awska-Tafelska

Bibliography

Barsalou, L. W. (1992). Frames, Concepts and Conceptual Fields. In: E. Feder, A. Lehrer (ed.) Frames, Fields and Contrasts: New Essays in Semantic and Lexical Organisation. New Jersey, Hillsdale, Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Inc. Publishers.

Bogus³awska-Tafelska, M. (2006). Self-education as a Strategy of Life. The Psycholinguistic Profile of the Polish Student of English. Toruñ, Wydawnictwo Adam Marsza³ek.

Dirven, R., Verspoor, M. (1998). Cognitive Exploration of Language and Linguistics. Amster- dam–Philadelphia, John Benjamins Publishing Company.

Kiklewicz, A. (2007). O funkcji stylistycznej wypowiedzenia. Acta Neophilologica IX.

Mandler, G. (1984). Mind and Body. New York, WW Norton and Company.

Maruszewski, T., Œciga³a, E. (1998). Emocje – aleksytymia – poznanie. Poznañ, Wydawnictwo Fundacji Humaniora.

Puppel, S., Dziubalska-Ko³aczyk, K. (2000). Multis Vocibus De Lingua. Poznañ, Dziekan Wy- dzia³u Neofilologii Uniwersytetu im. A. Mickiewicza.

Springer, S.P., Deutsch, G. (1998). Lewy mózg, prawy mózg. Warszawa, Prószyñski i S-ka.

Steinberg, D. (1998). An Introduction to Psycholinguistics. London–New York, Longman.

Summary

The Language of Medicine: Some Remarks on the Communicative Intention Violation

The paper constitutes a psychodynamic analysis of the language as used in the medical expertise today. Particularly, low psycholinguistic and stylistic awareness on the part of medicine practitioners is discussed, which contributes to the communication intention violation, ultimately to communication failure between the doctor and the patient being two participants in the commu- nication dyad. This preliminary discussion points to the necessity of more conscious linguistic choices on the part of people working in the health care sector, who can model their patients ‘in the direction of health’, and start prevention programs based on psycholinguistic modeling via language used in communication with the patient.

27

Derywaty czasownikowe okreœlaj¹ce mi³oœæ, erotykê i seks...

UWM Olsztyn Acta Neophilologica, XI, 2009

ISSN 1509-1619

Joanna Nawacka Instytut Neofilologii

Uniwersytet Warmiñsko-Mazurski w Olsztynie

DERYWATY CZASOWNIKOWE OKREŒLAJ¥CE MI£OŒÆ, EROTYKÊ I SEKS WE WSPÓ£CZESNYM ROSYJSKIM

¯ARGONIE M£ODZIE¯OWYM

Key words: jargon, verbal derivatives, prefixal, suffixal, paradigmatic, postfixal and complex formants suffixation, prefixation, contamination

Przedmiotem analizy strukturalnej s¹ czasownikowe nominacje okreœlaj¹ce mi-

³oœæ, erotykê i seks, wyekscerpowane z nastêpuj¹cych s³owników ¿argonowych:

Áîëüøîé ñëîâàðü ðóññêîãî æàðãîíà W.M. Mokijenki i T.G. Nikitiny¹, Ñëîâàðü ìîñêîâñêîãî àðãî W.S. Jelistratowa², Ñëîâàðü ðóññêîãî àðãî (ìàòåðèàëû 1980–

–1990-õ ãã.) W.S. Jelistratowa³, Ñëîâàðü ðóññêîãî ñëåíãà I. Juganowa i F. Jugano- wej⁴, Òàê ãîâîðèò ìîëîä¸æü. Ñëîâàðü ìîëîä¸æíîãî ñëåíãà Ò.G. Nikitiny⁵, Ìîëîä¸æíûé ñëåíã. Òîëêîâûé ñëîâàðü Ò.G. Nikityny⁶. Z wymienionych s³owników

¿argonowych wynotowano 400 czasowników.

Derywaty czasownikowe s¹ motywowane przez czasowniki, przymiotniki i rzeczowniki. Derywaty od zaimków, liczebników, przys³ówków i wykrzykników na- le¿¹ do wyj¹tków⁷. Wyk³adnikami derywacji czasownikowej s¹ formanty prefiksalne i charakterystyczne dla formacji odczasownikowych formanty sufiksalne, paradygma- tyczne, postfiksalne i z³o¿one.

Derywacja czasowników odczasownikowych, odmiennie od derywacji rzeczow- ników, opiera siê przede wszystkim na prefiksacji. Stosowanie formantów prefiksalnych

1 Â.Ì. Ìîêèåíêî, Ò.Ã. Íèêèòèíà, Áîëüøîé ñëîâàðü ðóññêîãî æàðãîíà, Ñàíêò-Ïåòåðáóðã 2000.

2 Â.Ñ. Åëèñòðàòîâ, Ñëîâàðü ìîñêîâñêîãî àðãî, Ìîñêâà 1994.

3 Â.Ñ. Åëèñòðàòîâ, Ñëîâàðü ðóññêîãî àðãî (ìàòåðèàëû 1980–1990-õ ãã.), Ìîñêâà 2000.

4 È. Þãàíîâ, Ô. Þãàíîâà, Ñëîâàðü ðóññêîãî ñëåíãà, Ìîñêâà 1997.

5 Ò.Ã. Íèêèòèíà, Òàê ãîâîðèò ìîëîä¸æü. Ñëîâàðü ìîëîä¸æíîãî ñëåíãà, Ñàíêò-Ïåòåðáóðã 1998.

6 Ò.Ã. Íèêèòèíà, Ìîëîä¸æíûé ñëåíã. Òîëêîâûé ñëîâàðü, Ìîñêâà 2003.

7 Por. À.Í. Ãâîçäåâ, Ñîâðåìåííûé ðóññêèé ëèòåðàòóðíûé ÿçûê, cz. 1, Ìoñêâà 1967, s. 359.

28 Joanna Nawacka

jest bardzo rozbudowane i stanowi jedn¹ z najbardziej charakterystycznych cech s³o- wotwórstwa czasowników rosyjskich⁸. Analizowany materia³ badawczy zawiera od- czasownikowe formacje prefiksalne derywowane za pomoc¹ prefiksów:

â–: âäàðèòü (¬äàðèòü) ‘pozalecaæ siê’, âëóïèòü (¬ëóïèòü), âïàðèòü (¬ïàðèòü), âïåðåòü (¬ïåðåòü) ‘odbyæ stosunek p³ciowy’;

âû–: âûïèëèòüñÿ (¬ïèëèòüñÿ), âûõàðèòü (¬õàðèòü) ‘odbyæ stosunek p³ciowy’;

çà–: çàáàëäåòü (¬áàëäåòü) ‘odczuæ silne emocje’, çàâàôëèòü (¬âàôëèòü), çàäðþ÷èòü (¬äðþ÷èòü) ‘odbyæ stosunek p³ciowy’, çàêàäðèòü (¬êàäðèòü) ‘za- poznaæ siê’, çàêîðåôàíèòüñÿ (¬êîðåôàíèòüñÿ), çàêîðåøèòüñÿ (¬êîðåøèòüñÿ)

‘zaprzyjaŸniæ siê’, çàìàðüÿæèòü (¬ìàðüÿæèòü) ‘nak³oniæ do ma³¿eñstwa’, çàïåòóøèòü (¬ïåòóøèòü) ‘zmusiæ do odbycia stosunku homoseksualnego’, çàñàíäàëèòü (¬ñàíäàëèòü) ‘odbyæ stosunek p³ciowy’, çàñòýíäîâàòü (¬ñòýíäîâàòü) ‘odczuæ erekcjê’, çàòîïòàòü (¬òîïòàòü) ‘odbyæ stosunek p³ciowy’, çàòîð÷àòü (¬òîð÷àòü) ‘polubiæ’, çàòðÿõíóòüñÿ (¬òðÿõíóòüñÿ)

‘zdziwiæ siê’, çàôèãåòü (¬ôèãåòü), çàôîíàðåòü (¬ôîíàðåòü) ‘odczuæ silne emocje’, çàøèçåòü (¬øèçåòü) ‘zdziwiæ siê’;

íà–: íàäèíàìèòü (¬äèíàìèòü) ‘poflirtowaæ’, íàäðþ÷èòü (¬äðþ÷èòü), íàïóëÿòü (¬ïóëÿòü) ‘odbyæ stosunek p³ciowy’, íàøïàêëåâàòü (¬øïàêëåâàòü), íàøïàêëåâàòüñÿ (¬øïàêëåâàòüñÿ), íàøïàòëåâàòü (¬øïàòëåâàòü), íàøïàòëåâàòüñÿ (¬øïàòëåâàòüñÿ), íàøòóêàòóðèòü (¬øòóêàòóðèòü), íàøòóêàòóðèòüñÿ (¬øòóêàòóðèòüñÿ) ‘upiêkszyæ siê, ³adnie wygl¹daæ’;

o–: îïåòóøèòü (¬ïåòóøèòü), îïèäaðàñèòü (¬ïèäaðàñèòü), îïèäîðàñèòü (¬ïèäîðàñèòü) ‘odbyæ homoseksualny stosunek p³ciowy’, îôèãåòü (¬ôèãåòü), oôîíàðåòü (¬ôîíàðåòü) ‘wpaœæ w skrajnie emocjonalny stan’;

îò–: îòäóïëèòü (¬äóïëèòü) ‘odbyæ analny stosunek p³ciowy’, îòïèäîðàñèòü (¬ïèäàðàñèòü) ‘odbyæ stosunek p³ciowy’, îòïåòèòü (¬ïåòèòü), îòïåòóøèòü (¬ïåòóøèòü) ‘odbyæ homoseksualny stosunek p³ciowy’, oòñòåáàòü (¬ñòåáàòü), îòòàðàáàíèòü (¬òàðàáàíèòü) ‘odbyæ stosunek p³ciowy’, îòòîð÷àòü (¬òîð÷àòü) ‘doznaæ zadowolenia’, îòòðàõàòü (¬òðàõàòü), îòôà÷èòü (¬ôà÷èòü), îòõàðèòü (¬õàðèòü), îòûìåòü (¬èìåòü) ‘odbyæ stosunek p³ciowy’;

ïåðå–: ïåðåïèõíóòüñÿ (¬ïèõíóòüñÿ) ‘odbyæ stosunek p³ciowy’;

ïîä–: ïîäâàôëèòü (¬âàôëèòü) ‘odbyæ oralny stosunek p³ciowy’, ïîäçàêëåèòü (¬çàêëåèòü), ïîäêàäðèòü (¬êàäðèòü), ïîäêàäðèòüñÿ (¬êàäðèòüñÿ), ïîäñíÿòü (¬ñíÿòü) ‘zapoznaæ siê’, ïîäôàêíóòüñÿ (¬ôàêíóòüñÿ) ‘odbyæ stosu- nek p³ciowy’;

ïî–: ïîêàéôîâàòü (¬êàéôîâàòü) ‘doznaæ zadowolenia’, ïîìàòðîñèòü (¬ìàòðîñèòü) ‘pozalecaæ siê’, ïîïàðèòüñÿ (¬ïàðèòüñÿ), ïîïèëèòüñÿ (¬ïèëèòüñÿ), ïîïÿëèòüñÿ (¬ïÿëèòüñÿ) ‘odbyæ stosunek p³ciowy’, ïîñîñàòüñÿ (¬ñîñàòüñÿ) ‘poca³owaæ siê’, ïîñóíóòü (¬ñóíóòü), ïîòðàõàòüñÿ

8 Por. Å.À. Çåìñêàÿ, op. cit., s. XXIV.

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(¬òðàõàòüñÿ), ïîòóëèòü (¬òóëèòü), ïîòóëèòüñÿ (¬òóëèòüñÿ), ïîôàêàòü (¬ôàêàòü), ïî÷èêàòüñÿ (¬÷èêàòüñÿ) ‘odbyæ stosunek p³ciowy’, ïîøàêàëèòü (¬øàêàëèòü) ‘poszaleæ’;

ïðè–: ïðèáàëäåòü (¬áàëäåòü) ‘odczuæ zadowolenie’, ïðèêàäðèòü (¬êàäðèòü)

‘zapoznaæ siê’, ïðèêàéôîâàòü (¬êàéôîâàòü) ‘odczuæ zadowolenie’, ïðèñóíóòü (¬ñóíóòü) ‘odbyæ stosunek p³ciowy’, ïðèòîð÷àòü (¬òîð÷àòü) ‘odczuæ zado- wolenie’, ïðèôèãåòü (¬ôèãåòü) ‘zachwyciæ siê’, ïðèøíóðèòüñÿ (¬øíóðèòüñÿ)

‘zalecaæ siê’;

ïðî–: ïðîäèíàìèòü (¬ïðîäèíàìèòü) ‘poflirtowaæ’;

ðàç–: ðàçäðþ÷èòü (¬äðþ÷èòü) ‘zmusiæ do odbycia stosunku p³ciowego’;

ñ–: ñäðþ÷èòü (¬äðþ÷èòü) ‘zmusiæ do odbycia stosunku p³ciowego’, ñêàäðèòüñÿ (¬êàäðèòüñÿ) ‘zapoznaæ siê’, ñêàíòîâàòüñÿ (¬êàíòîâàòüñÿ), ñêàðåôàíèòüñÿ (¬êàðåôàíèòüñÿ), cêåíòîâàòüñÿ (¬êåíòîâàòüñÿ), ñêîðåôàíèòüñÿ (¬êîðåôàíèòüñÿ), ñêîðèôàíèòüñÿ (¬êîðèôàíèòüñÿ), ñêîðåøèòüñÿ (¬êîðåøèòüñÿ) ‘zaprzyjaŸniæ siê’, ñìèòèíãíóòüñÿ (¬ìèòèíãíóòüñÿ), ñìèòèíãîâàòüñÿ (¬ìèòèíãîâàòüñÿ), ñòóñîâàòüñÿ (¬òóñîâàòüñÿ) ‘spotkaæ siê’. Prefiksy jako semantyczne modyfikatory najczêœciej s¹ wieloznaczne, to jest wyra¿aj¹ kilka ró¿norodnych znaczeñ, odcieni znaczeniowych. Wymienione pre- fiksy nale¿¹ do najczêœciej u¿ywanych w rosyjskim prefiksalnym s³owotwórstwie czasowników.

Drugi rodzaj formantów stosowanych w derywatach odczasownikowych to for- manty sufiksalne, które pe³ni¹ funkcjê modyfikuj¹c¹, czyli wnosz¹ znaczenie jedno- krotnoœci lub wielokrotnoœci czy te¿ zmieniaj¹ aspekt czasownika. ¯argonizmy nazywaj¹ce czynnoœci zwi¹zane z mi³oœci¹, erotyk¹ i seksem s¹ derywowane nastêpu- j¹cymi sufiksami:

–à–/–ÿ–: âäàðÿòü (¬âäàðèòü) ‘zalecaæ siê’, øàðàøèòü (¬øàðàõàòü) ‘odbyæ sto- sunek p³ciowy’, øë¸íäèòü (¬øë¸íäàòü), øë¸íäðàòü (¬øë¸íäðèòü), øëûíäàòü (¬øëûíäèòü), øëûíäðàòü (¬øëûíäðèòü) ‘zajmowaæ siê prostytu- cj¹’;

–èâà–/–ûâà–: âïàðèâàòü (¬âïàðèòü) ‘odbywaæ stosunek p³ciowy’, çàòðÿõèâàòüñÿ (¬çàòðÿõíóòüñÿ) ‘zachwycaæ siê’, íàäðþ÷èâàòü (¬íàäðþ÷èòü), íàðåçûâàòü (¬íàðåçàòü) ‘odbywaæ stosunek p³ciowy’, íàøòóêàòóðèâàòü (¬íàøòóêàòóðèòü) ‘upiêkszaæ siê’, îáïðóäîíèâàòüñÿ (¬îáïðóäîíèòüñÿ) ‘wpadaæ w skrajnie emocjonalny stan’, îáñèêèâàòüñÿ (¬îáñèêàòüñÿ) ‘reagowaæ emocjonalnie’, îáñïóñêèâàòüñÿ (¬îáñïóñêàòüñÿ)

‘odczuwaæ silne emocje’, oñòîïûðèâàòüñÿ (¬îñòîïûðèòüñÿ) ‘wpadaæ w skrajnie emocjonalny stan’, îòñò¸áûâàòü (¬îòñòeáàòü), îòôèãà÷èâàòü (¬îòôèãà÷èòü), îòõðåíà÷èâàòü (¬îòõðåíà÷èòü) ‘odbywaæ stosunek p³cio- wy’, îõìóðÿæèâàòü (¬îõìóðÿæèòü) ‘zmuszaæ do zakochania siê’, ïðèàðìÿíèâàòüñÿ (¬ïðèàðìÿíèòüñÿ), ïðèãðóçèíèâàòüñÿ (¬ïðèãðóçèíèòüñÿ)

‘zalecaæ siê’, ïóòàíèðîâàòü (¬ïóòàíèòü) ‘zajmowaæ siê prostytucj¹’, ñêàäðîâàòüñÿ (¬ñêàäðèòüñÿ) ‘zapoznawaæ siê’, óññûâàòüñÿ (¬óññàòüñÿ) ‘od- czuwaæ silne emocje’;

30 Joanna Nawacka

–îâà–/–åâà–: îïóïåâàòü (¬îïóïåòü) ‘odczuwaæ silne emocje’, îôèãåâàòü (¬îôèãåòü) ‘wpadaæ w skrajnie emocjonalny stan’, ïðèôèãåâàòü (¬ïðèôèãåòü)

‘reagowaæ emocjonalnie’;

–(a)íó–: âòþêíóòüñÿ (¬âòþêàòüñÿ), âòþðêíóòüñÿ (¬âòþêàòüñÿ), âòþõíóòüñÿ (¬âòþõàòüñÿ) ‘zakochaæ siê’, äîëáàíóòü (¬äîëáàòü), äðþêíóòü (¬äðþêàòü), ïèëüíóòü (¬ïèëèòü) ‘odbyæ stosunek p³ciowy’, ðîêèðíóòüñÿ (¬ðîêèðîâàòüñÿ)

‘zamieniæ siê partnerami’, ñêîðåøíóòüñÿ (¬ñêîðåøèòüñÿ) ‘zaprzyjaŸniæ siê’, ñòåáàíóòüñÿ (¬ñòåáàòüñÿ), òèðàíóòü (¬òåðåòü) ‘odbyæ stosunek p³ciowy’, òðóõíóòü (¬òðóõàòü) ‘zaj¹æ siê onanizmem’, ôàêàíóòü (¬ôàêàòü), ôàêíóòü (¬ôàêàòü) ‘odbyæ stosunek p³ciowy’, öåïíóòü (¬öåïëÿòü) ‘zapoznaæ siê’,

÷ïîêíóòü (¬÷ïîêàòü), øèíêàíóòü (¬øèíêîâàòü), øïîêíóòü (¬øïîêàòü)

‘odbyæ stosunek p³ciowy’;

–¸âûâà–: íàøïàêë¸âûâàòü (¬íàøïàêëåâàòü), íàøïàòë¸âûâàòü (¬íàøïàòëåâàòü)

‘upiêkszaæ siê’.

Trzeci sposób derywacji czasowników odczasownikowych to postfiksacja, tj. do- danie postfiksu –ñÿ do czasownika nierefleksywnego w tzw. derywatach pseudozwrot- nych: áàðàòüñÿ (¬áàðàòü) ‘odbywaæ stosunek p³ciowy’, âêëåïàòüñÿ (¬âêëåïàòü)

‘zapoznaæ siê’, äðî÷èòüñÿ (¬äðî÷èòü) ‘zajmowaæ siê onanizmem’, äóïëèòüñÿ (¬äóïëèòü) ‘odbywaæ stosunek p³ciowy’, çàðóáàòüñÿ (¬çàðóáàòü) ‘zainteresowaæ siê’, êàäðèòüñÿ (¬êàäðèòü) ‘zalecaæ siê’, êàéôàíóòüñÿ (¬êàéôàíóòü) ‘odczuæ za- dowolenie’, êåíòîâàòüñÿ (¬êåíòîâàòü) ‘przyjaŸniæ siê’, êèñàòüñÿ (¬êèñàòü) ‘ca-

³owaæ siê’, êîðåôàíèòüñÿ (¬êîðåôàíèòü), êîðåøèòüñÿ (¬êîðåøèòü) ‘przyjaŸniæ siê’, ëàòàòüñÿ (¬ëàòàòü), ìàðüÿæèòüñÿ (¬ìàðüÿæèòü) ‘zalecaæ siê’, ìàõàòüñÿ (¬ìàõàòü) ‘odbywaæ stosunek p³ciowy’, íàøïàêë¸âûâàòüñÿ (¬íàøïàêë¸âûâàòü), íàøïàòë¸âûâàòüñÿ (¬íàøïàòë¸âûâàòü), íàøòóêàòóðèâàòüñÿ (¬íàøòóêàòó- ðèâàòü) ‘upiêkszaæ siê’, îêîëüöåâàòüñÿ (¬îêîëüöåâàòü) ‘¿eniæ siê’, îïåòèòüñÿ (¬îïåòèòü), îïåòóõàòüñÿ (¬îïåòóõàòü), îïåòóøèòüñÿ (¬îïåòóøèòü), îïåòóøèòüñÿ (¬îïåòóøèòü) ‘zostaæ homoseksualist¹’, ïàðèòüñÿ (¬ïàðèòü), ïèëèòüñÿ (¬ïèëèòü), ïèëüíóòüñÿ (¬ïèëüíóòü) ‘odbyæ stosunek p³ciowy’, ïðèêàëûâàòüñÿ (¬ïðèêàëûâàòü), ïðèêîëîòüñÿ (¬ïðèêîëîòü) ‘odczuæ zadowole- nie’, ïóëüíóòüñÿ (¬ïóëüíóòü) ‘odbywaæ stosunek p³ciowy’, ïûðÿòüñÿ (¬ïûðÿòü)

‘odbywaæ stosunek p³ciowy’, ðàñêîáëèòüñÿ (¬ðàñêîáëèòü) ‘staæ siê osob¹ hetero- seksualn¹’, càðàôàíèòüñÿ (¬càðàôàíèòü) ‘kokietowaæ’, ñëîâèòüñÿ (¬ñëîâèòü)

‘spotkaæ siê’, ñîñàòüñÿ (¬ñîñàòü) ‘ca³owaæ siê’, òåðåòüñÿ (¬òåðåòü), òèðàíóòüñÿ (¬òèðàíóòü), ôàêàòüñÿ (¬ôàêàòü), ôàêíóòüñÿ (¬ôàêíóòü), ôàëîâàòüñÿ (¬ôàëîâàòü), ôà÷èòüñÿ (¬ôà÷èòü), õàðèòüñÿ (¬õàðèòü),

÷åáóðàøèòüñÿ (¬÷åáóðàøèòü) ‘odbywaæ stosunek p³ciowy’, ÷åõëèòüñÿ (¬÷åõëèòü) ‘korzystaæ z prezerwatywy’, ÷èêàòüñÿ (¬÷èêàòü), ÷èêíóòüñÿ (¬÷èêíóòü), ÷ïîêàòüñÿ (¬÷ïîêàòü), ÷ïîêíóòüñÿ (¬÷ïîêíóòü), øïèëèòüñÿ (¬øïèëèòü) ‘odbywaæ stosunek p³ciowy’, øàëàâèòüñÿ (¬øàëàâèòü) ‘zajmowaæ siê prostytucj¹’.

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Ostatnia grupa derywatów motywowanych czasownikiem to przyk³ady derywacji z³o¿onej. Czasowniki powsta³y za pomoc¹ formantów, w sk³ad których wchodz¹ jed- noczeœnie:

prefiks i postfiks: îáâàôëèòüñÿ (¬âàôëèòü) ‘o polucji’, îáïðóäîíèòüñÿ (¬ïðóäîíèòü) ‘wpaœæ w skrajnie emocjonalny stan’, îáñèêàòüñÿ (¬ñèêàòü) ‘za- reagowaæ emocjonalnie’, îáñïóñêàòüñÿ (¬ñïóñêàòü) ‘odczuæ silne emocje’, ñïèäàðàñèòüñÿ (¬ïèäàðàñèòü) ‘zostaæ homoseksualist¹’, óêàéôîâàòüñÿ (¬êàéôîâàòü) ‘doznaæ przyjemnoœci’, óññàòüñÿ (¬ññàòü) ‘odczuæ silne emo- cje’;

prefiks i sufiks: ïîïèõèâàòü (¬ïèõàòü), ïîïõíóòü (¬ïèõàòü) ‘odbywaæ stosunek p³ciowy’, ïðèôàêèâàòüñÿ (¬ôàêàòüñÿ) ‘zalecaæ siê’, óêîëáàøèâàòüñÿ (¬êîëáàñèòüñÿ) ‘zachwycaæ siê’;

sufiks i postfiks: ëàâíóòüñÿ (¬ëàâèòü) ‘podobaæ siê’, ÷óõíóòüñÿ (¬÷óõàòü) ‘odbyæ stosunek p³ciowy’.

Oddzieln¹ grupê stanowi¹ czasowniki derywowane od czasowników za pomoc¹ formantu alternacyjnego, opartego na alternacji iloœciowej dodatniej: ñêðåáñòèñü (¬ñêðåñòèñü), áàðàõòàòüñÿ (¬áàðàòüñÿ) ‘odbywaæ stosunek p³ciowy’, öåïàíóòü (¬öåïíóòü) ‘zapoznawaæ siê’, êèññàòüñÿ (¬êèñàòüñÿ) ‘ca³owaæ siê’, lub na alterna- cji iloœciowej ujemnej: òóëèòüñÿ (¬ïðèòóëèòüñÿ) ‘zajmowaæ siê mi³oœci¹’, czy te¿

na alternacji jakoœciowej: âòþõàòüñÿ (¬âòþêàòüñÿ) ‘zakochiwaæ siê’, ÷âàêíóòüñÿ (¬÷ìîêíóòüñÿ) ‘poca³owaæ siê’, çàïåíäþðèòü (¬çàïèíäþðèòü), øïîêàòü (¬÷ïîêàòü) ‘odbywaæ stosunek p³ciowy’.

Czasownikowe derywaty odprzymiotnikowe wystêpuj¹ce w analizowanych no- minacjach zosta³y utworzone z u¿yciem formantów paradygmatycznych. Przymiotni- kowe koñcówki fleksyjne zosta³y odrzucone, a na ich miejsce do tematów przymiotni- kowych zosta³y dodane czasownikowe sufiksy –èòü i –àòü. Tak powsta³y formacje procesualne ìåäîâàòü (¬ìåäîâûé) ‘spêdzaæ miesi¹c miodowy’, ãîëóáèòüñÿ (¬ãîëóáîé) ‘byæ homoseksualist¹’ (z postfiksem –ñÿ) i formacja kauzatywna äûðÿâèòü (¬äûðÿâûé) ‘odbywaæ stosunek p³ciowy’.

Czasowniki odrzeczownikowe derywowane s¹ za pomoc¹ formantów sufiksal- nych i prefiksalno-sufiksalnych z mo¿liwoœci¹ towarzyszenia alternacji morfonolo- gicznych i postfiksu –ñÿ. W analizowanym materiale badawczym wysegmentowano nastêpuj¹ce formanty sufiksalne:

–èòü: áóáëèòü (¬áóáëü) ‘zajmowaæ siê prostytucj¹’, âàôëèòü (¬âàôëÿ) ‘odbywaæ stosunek p³ciowy’, äèíàìèòü (¬äèíàìî) ‘flirtowaæ’, äóïëèòü (¬äóïëo) ‘odby- waæ homoseksualny stosunek p³ciowy’, êàäðèòü (¬êàäðà) ‘zalecaæ siê’, êëèìàòèòü (¬êëèìàò) ‘podobaæ siê’, êîíòà÷èòü (¬êîíòàêò) ‘podtrzymywaæ przyjacielskie stosunki’, êîðåôàíèòü (¬êîðåôàí), êîðåøèòü (¬êîðåø) ‘przy- jaŸniæ siê’, êóìàðèòü (¬êóìàð) ‘zalecaæ siê’, ëàâèòü (¬ëàâ) ‘kochaæ’, ìàíüÿ÷èòü (¬ìàíüÿê) ‘interesowaæ siê’, ìàòðîñèòü (¬ìàòðîñ) ‘prowadziæ rozwi¹z³e ¿ycie’, îõìóðÿæèòü (¬îõìóðÿæ) ‘zmusiæ do zakochania siê’, ïåòðóøèòü (¬ïåòðóøêà) ‘odbywaæ stosunek p³ciowy’, ïåòóøèòü (¬ïåòóøêà), ïèäàðàñèòü (¬ïåäåðàñò) ‘odbywaæ homoseksualny stosunek

32 Joanna Nawacka

p³ciowy’, ïóòàíèòü (¬ïóòàíà) ‘zajmowaæ siê prostytucj¹’, ñàðàôàíèòü (¬ñàðàôàí) ‘kokietowaæ’, òàðàêàíèòü (¬òàðàêàí), òåë åôîíèòü (¬òåëåôîí), ôà÷èòü (¬ôàê) ‘odbywaæ stosunek p³ciowy’, õàìðèòü (¬õàì)

‘pieœciæ organy p³ciowe’, õàðèòü (¬õåð), ÷åáóðàøèòü (¬÷åáóðàøêà) ‘odbywaæ stosunek p³ciowy’, ÷åõëèòü (¬÷åõoë) ‘korzystaæ z prezerwatywy’, ÷åðåïàøèòü (¬÷åðåïàõà) ‘odbywaæ stosunek p³ciowy’, øàêàëèòü (¬øàêàë) ‘czêsto zmieniaæ dziewczyny’, øàëàâèòü (¬øàëàâà) ‘zajmowaæ siê prostytucj¹’, øìàðèòü (¬øìàðà), þëäà÷èòü (¬þëäàê) ‘odbywaæ stosunek p³ciowy’;

–èòüñÿ: âüþæèòüñÿ (¬âüþãà) ‘flirtowaæ’, êîëáàñèòüñÿ (¬êîëáàñà) ‘byæ w dobrym nastroju’, êîðîëèòüñÿ (¬êîðîëü) ‘zachowywaæ siê wyzywaj¹co’, ëåñáèòüñÿ (¬ëåñáà) ‘ca³owaæ siê’, ìàíäèòüñÿ (¬ìàíäà) ‘flirtowaæ’, ìàíèêþðèòüñÿ (¬ìàíèêþð) ‘kokietowaæ’, ìàðàôåòèòüñÿ (¬ìàðàôåò) ‘upiêk- szaæ siê’, øíóðèòüñÿ (¬øíóðîê) ‘natarczywie zalecaæ siê’;

–àòü: âåðçîõàòü (¬âåðçîõà) ‘odbywaæ analny stosunek p³ciowy’, êèñàòü (¬êèñ)

‘ca³owaæ siê’, êëûêàòü (¬êëûê) ‘odbywaæ stosunek p³ciowy’, ëýêàòü (¬ëýê)

‘lizaæ organy p³ciowe’, ÷ïîêàòü (¬÷ïîê), ÷óõàòü (¬÷óõà) ‘odbywaæ stosunek p³ciowy’;

–àòüñÿ: ñòåáàòüñÿ (¬ñò¸á) ‘odbywaæ stosunek p³ciowy’;

–åòü: ôàíàòåòü (¬ôàíàò), ôèãåòü (¬ôèã) ‘zachwycaæ siê’, ôîíàðåòü (¬ôîíàðü), õðåíåòü (¬õðåí) ‘odczuwaæ silne emocje’;

–èðîâàòü: àëüôîíñèðîâàòü (¬àëüôîíñ) ‘zalecaæ siê’;

–íóòüñÿ: ìèòèíãíóòüñÿ (¬ìèòèíã) ‘spotkaæ siê’, øèçàíóòüñÿ (¬øèçà) ‘doznaæ silnego wstrz¹su’;

–íè÷àòü: ëåñáèéíè÷àòü (¬ëåñáèÿ), ëåñáèÿííè÷àòü (¬ëåñáèÿ) ‘zajmowaæ siê les- bijsk¹ mi³oœci¹’, ïðèõåõåøíè÷àòü (¬ïðèõåõåøíèöà) ‘nawi¹zywaæ romans’, ôèíòèôëþøíè÷àòü (¬ôèíòèôëþøêà) ‘kokietowaæ’;

–îâàòü: êàéôîâàòü (¬êàéô) ‘odczuwaæ zadowolenie’, êåíòîâàòü (¬êåíò) ‘przy- jaŸniæ siê’, ñòýíäîâàòü (¬ñòýíä) ‘mieæ erekcjê’, ôàêåðíóòüñÿ (¬ôàêåð) ‘od- bywaæ stosunek p³ciowy’, ôàëîâàòü (¬ôàë) ‘namawiaæ do odbycia stosunku p³ciowego’, ôðýíäîâàòü (¬ôðýíä) ‘przyjaŸniæ siê’, öèðêîâàòü (¬öèðê) ‘godziæ siê na uczestnictwo w grupowym seksie’;

–îâàòüñÿ: ìèòèíãîâàòüñÿ (¬ìèòèíã) ‘spotykaæ siê’, ïîíòîâàòüñÿ (¬ïîíò), ïóïêîâàòüñÿ (¬ïóïîê) ‘zachowywaæ siê wyzywaj¹co’, ñåêñîâàòüñÿ (¬cåêñ) ‘od- bywaæ stosunek p³ciowy’;

–óòüñÿ: íèðâàíóòüñÿ (¬íèðâàía) ‘odczuæ zadowolenie’.

Jak sygnalizowano wy¿ej, wœród czasowników odrzeczownikowych wystêpuj¹ tak¿e formacje prefiksalno-sufiksalne. Zosta³y one utworzone za pomoc¹ nastêpuj¹- cych formantów:

çà– + –èòü: çàáðþ÷èòü (¬áðþ÷èíà) ‘odbyæ stosunek p³ciowy’, çàìàðüÿíèòü (¬Ìàðüÿíà) ‘zapoznaæ siê’, çàñèãàðèòü (¬ñèãàðà) ‘odbyæ stosunek p³ciowy’;

çà– + –åòü: çàêàéôåòü (¬êàéô) ‘odczuæ zadowolenie’;

î– + –åòü: îêîçëåòü (¬êîç¸ë) ‘zostaæ homoseksualist¹’, îïóïåòü (¬ïóï) ‘odczuæ silne emocje’, îøèçåòü (¬øèçà) ‘wpaœæ w skrajnie emocjonalny stan’;

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Derywaty czasownikowe okreœlaj¹ce mi³oœæ, erotykê i seks...

î– + –èòü: îïàðàôèíèòü (¬ïàðàôèí), îïåäåðàñèòü (¬ïåäåðàñò), îïåòèòü (¬ïåòÿ) ‘odbyæ homoseksualny stosunek p³ciowy’;

î– + –àòü: îïåòóõàòü (¬ïåòóõ) ‘odbyæ homoseksualny stosunek p³ciowy’;

îò– + –à÷èòü: îòôèãà÷èòü (¬ôèã), îòõðåíà÷èòü (¬õðåí) ‘odbyæ stosunek p³cio- îò– + –èòü: îòøàìïóðèòü (¬øàìïóð) ‘odbyæ stosunek p³ciowy’;wy’;

ïðè– + –èòü: ïðèùåëèòü (¬ùåëü) ‘zmusiæ do ma³¿eñstwa’;

ðàñ– + –èòü: ðàñêîáëèòü (¬êîáëa) ‘zrobiæ z lesbijki heteroseksualn¹ kobietê’;

âç– + –óòüñÿ: âçáðà÷íóòüñÿ (¬áðàê) ‘zawrzeæ ma³¿eñstwo’;

âû– + –èâàòüñÿ: âûéîãèâàòüñÿ (¬éîãà) ‘zachowywaæ siê wyzywaj¹co’;

çà– + –èòüñÿ: çàðåçèíèòüñÿ (¬ðåçèíêà) ‘kupiæ prezerwatywê’;

ïî– + –èòüñÿ: ïîáàòîíèòüñÿ (¬áàòîí) ‘przyjemnie spêdziæ czas zajmuj¹c siê seksem’, ïîóäà÷èòüñÿ (¬óäà÷à) ‘odbyæ stosunek p³ciowy’;

ïðè– + –èòüñÿ: ïðèàðìÿíèòüñÿ (¬àðìÿíèí), ïðèãðóçèíèòüñÿ (¬ãðóçèí) ‘natar- czywie pozalecaæ siê’;

ðàç– + –èòüñÿ: ðàçìàãíèòèòüñÿ (¬ìàãíèò) ‘odbyæ stosunek p³ciowy’, ðàçìåäóçèòüñÿ (¬ìåäóça) ‘rozkoszowaæ siê’;

ñ– + –èòüñÿ: ñäðóæáàíèòüñÿ (¬äðóæáàí) ‘zaprzyjaŸniæ siê’, ñêëåùèòüñÿ (¬êëåù) ‘odbyæ stosunek p³ciowy’;

ñ– + –îâàòüñÿ: ñáëàòîâàòüñÿ (¬áëàò) ‘zaprzyjaŸniæ siê’.

Czêœæ badanych derywatów czasownikowych powsta³a w wyniku kontaminacji⁹: îñòîïûðèòüñÿ ‘wpaœæ w skrajnie emocjonalny stan’ – poprzez skrzy¿owanie wyrazu z jêzyka normatywnego ðañòîïûðèòüñÿ i wyrazów dialektycznych îñòîïûíèòüñÿ, îñòîôûíèòüñÿ, îñòîôûðèòüñÿ, maj¹cych znaczenie ‘os³upieæ’; õàðåêðèøíè÷àòü

‘uczestniczyæ w grupowym seksie’ – poprzez na³o¿enie siê rzeczownika ¿argonowego õàð¸ê i nazwy ruchu religijnego Hare Kriszna.

Wspó³czesny rosyjski ¿argon m³odzie¿owy mieœci siê w ca³oœci we wspó³cze- snym systemie jêzykowym i podporz¹dkowuje siê jego fundamentalnym prawom.

Przedstawiona analiza strukturalna materia³u badawczego dowodzi wysokiej produk- tywnoœci morfemowego sposobu tworzenia s³ów¹⁰. Derywacja czasowników odcza- sownikowych opiera siê przede wszystkim na prefiksacji; stosowanie formantów pre- fiksalnych jest mocno rozbudowane i stanowi jedn¹ z najbardziej charakterystycznych cech s³owotwórstwa socjolektycznych czasowników rosyjskich. Sufiksacja natomiast jest charakterystyczna dla derywatów czasownikowych odprzymiotnikowych i odrze- czownikowych. Nielicznie reprezentowane s¹ w badanej grupie ¿argonizmów konta- minacje.

9 Por. Á. Òîøîâè÷, Ñåìàíòè÷åñêàÿ ñòðóêòóðà æàðãîííûõ ãëàãîëîâ, w: Ðóññêèé ÿçûê ñåãîäíÿ 1, red. Ë.Ï. Êðûñèí, Ìîñêâà 2000, s. 447–448.

10 Patrz: Ñ. Òîò, Ê âîïðîñó î ïðèåìàõ îáðàýîâàíèÿ ðóññêèõ æàðãîííûõ ñëîâ (èñòîðè÷åñêèé àñïåêò), Studia Russica XVI, red. Á. Òàòàð, Áóäàïåøò 1997, s. 72–73.

34 Joanna Nawacka

Summary

Verbal Derivatives Referring to Love, Eroticism and Sex in the Modern Jargon of Russian Youth

The article focuses on the structural analysis of 400 verbal nominations referring to love, eroticism and sex excerpted from modern Russian dictionaries.

Modern Russian youth jargon remains within the language system and is subjected to its fundamental rules. The structural analysis of research material presented in the article confirms high productivity of the morphemic word formation process. Derivation of verbs from verbal roots is based primarily on prefixation. Application of prefixal formants is highly developed and consti- tutes one of the most characteristic features of the word formation process of sociolectal Russian verbs. Suffixation, in turn, is characteristic of verbs derivated from nominal and adjectival roots.

Among all the analyzed examples of jargonisms contaminations are infrequent.