JOURNAL OF THE I N S T I T U T E O F
P E T R O L E U A f c ^
H on orary E d ito r:
A. E. D U N S T A N , D.Sc., F.I.C., F.C.S., F.Inst.Pet.
H on orary Asso ciate E d ito r:
F. H. GARNER, Ph.D., M.Sc., F.I.C., F.Inst.Pet.
VO LU M E T W E N T Y -N IN E 1943
Published by
THE INSTITUTE OF PETROLEUM M AN SO N HOUSE,
26, PO RTLAN D PLACE,
L O N D O N , W . I.
1014-1910 1918-1917
1917-1919 1919-1921 1921-1923 1923-1925 1925-1927 1927-1929 1929-1931 1931-1933 1933-1935 1935-1937
1937-1939 1939-1942
çjUTËÇHMlM
^ s # T > . ^ / 4 î / r
THE INSTITUTE OF PETROLEUM''
(Founded 1913 as The Institution of Petroleum Technologists)
Past-Presidents :
Si e Boyertox Redw ood, B a rt., D .Sc., F .R .S .E . (died 1919.)
The Rt. Ho n. Lord Cadman of Sil y e r d a l e, G.C.M.G., H on. L L .D ., D.Sc., D .E n g M .Inst.M.M. (died 1941.)
Th e Rt. Hon. Lord Gre en w a yo p St a nbridqe Ea r is. (died 1934.) Sir Fr e d e r ic k W . Black, K .C .B ., B.A .(Lond.). (died 1930.) Prop. John Sah e e l Strappord Br a h e, C .B .E ., F .I.C ., F.C.S.
Her b er t Ba r r in g er, M .Inst.C .E ., M .I.M ech.E., M .I.N .A ., lI.In a t.M a r.E n g . (died 1932.) Sir TnoMAS H . Holland, K .C .S .I., K .C .I.E ., H on. L L .D ., D.Sc., F .R .S .
Al fr ed C. Adams.
A. E . DCNSTAN, D .Sc., F .I.C ., F.C.S.
James Ke w l e y, M.A., F .I.C ., F.C .S., M .I.C hera.E.
T . De w h b r st, A .R .C.Sc., F.G .S.
Th e Rt. Ho n. Lord Cadman op Sily e r d a l e, G.C.M.G., H on. L L .D ., D.Sc., D .E ng M .Inst.M .M . (died 1941.)
LT.-COL. S. J. M. AHLD, O.B.E.. M.C., D.Sc.
PROF. A. W. Nash, M.Sc., M.I.Mech.E. (died 1942.)
COUNCIL 1943
President : C. Da l ley, M .I.E .E .
Past-Presidents :
A. E . Dunstan, D.Sc., F .I.e .
S ir Thomas H . Holland, K .C .S .I., K .C .I.E ., D.Sc., F .R .S .
J . Ke w l e y, M.A., F .I.C .
Vice-Presidents :
A. C. Hartley, O .B .E., F.C .G .I.
V. 0 . Il lin g, M.A.
J . A. Or ie l, M.C., M.A.
Members ot C o u n cil:
C. A. P . Sou thw ell, M.C., B.Sc.
H . C. Te t t, B.Sc., D .I.C . F . B. Th o l e, D .Sc., F.I.C .
A. Be e b y Thom pson, O .B .E.
A. Wa d e, D .Sc., A.R.C.S.
W . J . Wilso n, F .I.C ., F.C .G .I.
C. W . Wood, F .I.C .
Honorary Treasurer : Th e Rt. Hon. Lord Pl e n d e r, G.B.E.
Joint Honorary Secretaries:
Arth u r W . Eastlake, A .M .I.M ech.E.
Ash le y Cart e r, A .M .I.M ech.E.
Chairmen of Branches : Burma Branch:
Iranian Branch:
Northern Branch: J . C u t h i l l . Rumanian Branch :
Scottish Branch : R. C r ic h to n . South Wales Branch : A. E . H o l l e y . Stanlow Branch: J . S. P a r k e r . Trinidad Branch : L. K . WHITE.
Uuited States Branch : D r. G. E g lo f p .
Students' Section: Birmingham Branch: G. K . A s h f o r t h , London Branch;
R . Cr ic h t o n, J .P .
A. Frank Dabe l l, M .I.M ech.E.
E . A. Evans, M .I.A .E .
E . B. Evans, M.Sc., F .I.C ., P h .D . W . E . GOODAY, A .R.S.M ., D .I.C . J . S. Jackson, B.Sc., F .I.C . E . R . Red g r o v e, P h .D ., B.Sc.
Ash ley Ca rter, A.M .I.M ech.E.
G. 11. Coxon.
F . H . Ga r n er, O .B .E., P h .D ., F .I.C . Al fr ed C. Adams.
S. J . M. AOLD, O .B .E ., M.C., D.Sc.
J . S. S . Bramk.'C .B .E ., F .I.C . T. DEWHURST, A.R.C.S.
LIST OF OFFICERS
Joint Honorary Secretaries : Honorary Treasurer :
A r t h u r W. E a s t l a k f ,, M.I.MIn.E., A.M.I.Mech.E. T h e R t . H o n . L o r d P l k n d e r o f S u n d r i d o e , A s h l e y C a r t e r , A.M .I.M ech.E.
f
Honorary Editor : Honorary Associate Editor : A. E. DUNSTAN, D . S c ., F.I.C., F.C.S. F . H. GARNER, O.B.E., Ph.D., F.I.C.
Secretary : F. H . Coe.
Solicitors : Messrs. A s h u r s t, M o rris , C ris p & Co.
Auditors: Messrs. P r i c e , W a t e r h o u s e & Co.
Banl-crs: W e s tm in s te r B a n k L im ite d , 21 Lombard Street, London, E.C.3, and 115 Old Brompton Road, London, S.W.7.
Offices: Manson House, 26, P ortland Place, W .l.
Telephone: LANghani 2250.
Telegraphic Address: Instpetcch, Westdo, London.
COMMITTEES OF COUNCIL
T h e P re sid e n t an d th e J o in t H o n o ra ry S e c re ta rie s a re ex-officio M em bers of all C o m m ittees.
Benevolent Fund C om mittee:
A . E . D u n s t a n (C hairm an). E . A . E v a n s .
As h l e y Ca r t e r. V . C. Il l i n o.
C. Da l l e y.
Election Committee : A . C. H a r t l e y . V . C. I l l i n o . J . A. O r i e l .
C. A. P . S o u t h w e l l . H . C. T e t t .
Ce c i l W . Wo o d.
Finance Committee : J . A . Or i e l. E . R . R e d o r o v e . W . J . W i l s o n .
H ousing Committee:
A . E . D u n s t a n . J . A. O r i e l . H , C. Te t t. C. Da l l e y.
S. J . M. Au l d. A s h l e y C a r t e r , 0 . H . Cox o n. C. D a l l e y (C hairm an).
A s h l e y C a r t e r G . H . C o x o n . J . K e w l e y .
A s h l e y C a r t e r (C hairm an).
S. J . M. A u l d . G. H . C o x o n . C. Da l l e y. E . B . E v a n s . F . H . G a r n e r .
Publication Committee:
A . E . D u n s t a n (C h airm an ). V. C. I l l i n o . As h l e y Ca r t e h. J . S . Ja c k s o n.
O . H . Co x o n. J . A . Or i e l
C. D a l l e y . C. A . P . S o u t h w e l l .
E . A . E v a n s . H . C. T e t t .
E . B . Ev a n s. A . Be e r y Th o m p s o n.
F . H . G a r n e r . C e c i l \V. W o o d .
A . C. Ha r t l e y.
Co-opted Members.
W . H . C a d m a n . D . A . H o w e s .
Advisory Editorial Board.
A . E . D u n s t a n (C h airm an ). V. C. I l l i n o .
A s h l e y C a r t e h . J . A .- O r i e l -
F . H . G a r n e r . C. A. P . S o u t h w e l l .
Standardization Committee : F . H . G a r n e r (C h airm an ). V. C. I l l i n o .
G. H . C o x o n . J . S. J a c k s o n .
A. E . D u n s t a n . J . A . O r i e l .
E . A . Ev a n s. E . R . Re d o r o v e.
E . B . Ev a n s. W . J . Wil s o n.
Co-opted Members.
W . E . J . Br o o m. D . S. Pa u l.
D . A . H o w e s . J . E . R a m s b o t t o m .
H . H y a m s . K . E . W . R i d l e r .
C. D . La w r e n c e. A . R . St a r k.
Electrical and Allied Matters Committee.
C. D a l l e y (C h airm an ). J . A. O r i e l .
As h l e y Ca r t e r.
Co-opted Members.
G. S. A m b r o s e . A. D . M a c l e a n .
O. L. G. A u s t . D. H . M c L a c h l a n . .
Bl a g r a v e De a n e. W . S. Mo r r is.
P . A. F r e n c h . C. E . S p e a k i n g .
H O N . SECRETARIES OF BRANCHES
N orthern Branch : E . J . D u n s t a n , M a n ch ester Oil R efinery L td ., T w ining R o a d , B a rto n , M anchester.
Scottish B ranch : P rof. W . M. C u m m in g , R o y a l T echnical Collego, Glasgow.
SotUh Wales Branch : E . T h o r n t o n , N a tio n a l Oil R efineries, L la n d a rc y , G lam . S tanlow B r a n c h: J C. W o o d - M a x l o c k , L o b ito s O ilfield, E llesm ere P o rt, Choshire.
T rin id a d Branch : A . F . C a s t l b , A pex(T ) O ilfields, L td ., S ip a ria , T rin id a d .
CONTENTS.
E ngin eering Developm ent in the Petroleum Industry. Christopher Dalloy
Institute Luncheon . . . . . . . . . . .
New Edition of the I.P . Standard Methods for Testing Petroleum and its Products.
J. Cantor, E. P. Driscoll and A. Osborn . . . . . . .
Compaction and Some Oilfield Features. G. D . H o b s o n ...
The A nalysis of Trinidad Crude Oils. F . Morton and A. R . Richards The Oil-Fields of W estern Canada. Campbell M. Hunter, O.B.E.
Institute Meeting . . . . . . . . . . .
Oil— An Additional Basie M aterial for the B ritish P lastics Industry. G.
Tugendhat . . . . . . . . . . . .
V iscosity M easurem ent and V iscosity Index. J. C. Cragg and E . A. Evans
Institute Meeting . . . . . . . . . . .
W artim e Chemicals from Natural Gas. G. E g l o f f ...
Peacetim e Values from a W ar Technology. G. E g l o f f ...
F ractional D istillation on Binary M ixtures. Number of Theoretical P lates and
Transfer U nits. A. J. Y. Underwood . . . . . . .
R ecent D evelopm ents in W elding. C. W. Brett . . . . . . Chemistry and the Petroleum Industry. A. E. Dunstan . . . . Standard Temperature for Specific Gravity D eterm ination and Volum e Correction The Perm eability of Porous Solids to Gases and Liquids. L. Grunberg and A. H.
Nissan . . . . . , . . . . .
Phase Transform ations of Normal Paraffins. C. G. Gray . . . . Calibration of C.F.R. Reference F u els...
The Solvent Extraction of Lubricating Oils. H . Ter Meulen . . . .
Institute Mooting . . . . . . . . . . .
A M odification of the C.F.R. B ouncing P in Spring-Tension B alance and In structions for U se. P. D r a p e r ...
Education and the Petroleum Industry. V. C. Illing . . . . .
Institute Meeting . . . . . . . . . . .
Annual Luncheon . . . . . . . . . . .
Trinidad Branch Report . . . . . . . . . .
A Study of Oil Oxidation as Related to Lubrication. Part I — Apparatus, Techni
que, and Prelim inary R esults. Paul G. Exline, W. E . Kramer, and John R.
Bowman . . . . . . . . . . . .
Petroleum as a Source of Synthetic M a t e r i a l s ...
Estim ation of Mercaptan Sulphur A lone or in Presence of Elem entary Sulphur in Petroleum Products. E. R . H . Davies and J. W. Armstrong
The Filter Freezing Temperature of A viation Fuels. J- M. A. Court Synthetics for the Petroleum Industry. E. A. Evans . . . . .
Instituto Meeting . . . . . . . . . . .
Correlation of I.P . Lovibond and Saybolt Chromometer M easurem ents on Motor'
Fuels and Refined Petroleum . . . . . . . . .
Definitions for W axes, etc., Derived from P e t r o l e u m ...
Author Index . . . . . . . . . . . .
PA OF,
1
19
21
37 55 75 8489 99 110 124 135
147 157 163 190
194 226 235 237 249
253 259 278 284 292
295
308323 329 333 353
357 361 364
