Chemical & Metallurgical Engineering, Vol. 53, No. 1

JA N U A R Y . 1 9 4 6

S . D. K I R K P A T R I C K ...E d ito r J A M E S A . L E E M an a g in g E d ito r T H E O D O R E R. O L I V E ..A s s o c ia te E d ito r H E N R Y M . B A T T E R S M a rk et E d ito r L E S T E R B. P O P E A ss ista n t E d ito r R IC H A R D W . P O R T E R . .A s s is ta n t E d ito r E D M O N D C- F E T T E R ... A s s i s t a n t E d ito r

E D I T O R I A L R E P R E S E N T A T I V E S J O H N R . C A L L A H A M .. ..Sa» Francisco J . V . H I G H T O W E R ...W ash in g to n E A R L E M A U L D IN ... A tla n ta R . S. M c B R I D E ...W a sh in g to n E . S. S T A T E L E R ... Chicago

M . A . W I L L I A M S O N ...P u b lish er

D I S T R I C T M A N A G E R S

E . H . B E D E L L ...N e w Y o rk R . G. F R E D E R I C K ... Nczu Y o rk F R E D G R A N T ... C leveland L. A . C U N N I N G H A M ...Chicago W . D . B O Y D ... B oston E . M . S C II E L L E N G E R ... Philadelphia

P u b lish ed m onthly. P ric e 35 cents p e r copy.

P u b lica tio n office, 99-129 N o rth B roadw ay, A lb an y 1, N . Y. A d d ress com m unications ab o u t su b scrip tio n s to V ice-P resid en t (fo r circ u la tio n o p e ra tio n s), Chem. & M et., 33U W est 42nd S t., N ew Y ork 18, N . Y. Sub­

scrip tio n r a te s : U n ited S ta te s, M exico, C en tral and S outh A m erican C o untries, $3 p e r year,

$4 fo r tw o y ears, $5 fo r th re e y e ars. C anada

$3.50 p e r y ear, $5 for tw o y ears, $6 fo r th re e y e a rs (payable in C anadian fu n d s ). All o th e r co u n tries, $5 p e r y ear, $10 fo r th ree y ears. Please indicate position am i com pany connection on all subscription orders. E n ­ te re d as second class m a tte r Septem ber 3, 1936, a t P o st Office a t A lbany, N . Y ., U .S .A . u n d e r act of M arch 3, 1879. Copy­

rig h t 1946 by M cG raw -H ill P u b lish in g Com­

p an y , In c .— all rig h ts reserv ed . B ran ch o f­

fices: 520 N o rth M ichigan A venue, Chicago 11; 68 P o st S tree t, S an F ran cisco 4 ; A ld- w ych H ouse, A ldw ych, London, W . C. 2 : W ash in g to n 4 ; P h ilad elp h ia 2 ; C leveland 35; D e tro it 2 6 ; S t. L ouis 8 ; B oston 36; Los A n g eles 14; A tla n ta 3 ; P ittsb u r g h 22.

R e tu rn P o stag e G u aran teed

M c G R A W -H IL L P U B L I S H I N G C O ..

IN C . J A M E S H . M cG R A W F o u n d e r a n d H o n o ra ry C h airm an

P u b licatio n Office

99-129 N o rth B roadw ay, A lb an y 1, N . Y . E d ito ria l and E x e c u tiv e Offices

330 W est 42nd S tr e e t, N ew Y ork 18, N . Y . J A M E S H . M cG R A W , J r . , P re sid e n t;

C U R T IS W . M cG R A W , S e n io r Vice-P resi­

d e n t and T r e a su r e r ; H O W A R D E H R L I C H , V ice-P resid en t (f o r b u siness o p e ra tio n s);

W IL L A R D C H E V A L IE R , V ice-P resident (fo a ed ito rial o p e ra tio n s ): J O S E P H A.

G '^ T A R D I, S e c r e ta r y ; an d J . E . B L A C K ­ B U R N , J r . , V ice -P re sid en t ( f o r circulation o p e ra tio n s).

M em ber A .B .P . M em ber A .B .C . C able A d d re ss M c G R A W H I L L N ew Y ork

P r ic e o f th is issue, one d o lla r p e r copy

in this

Chemicals From War Into P e a c e ...

Chem. & Met.Y 23rd Animal Review & Forecast Number

9 5

Introduction ... 96 Plastics . . . . Acids & Sulphur... 98 Kuyon ...

Alkalis & C h lo rin e .... 100 Alcohol . . . . Organics ... 102 Naval Stores Fertilizers... 10i Fats & Oils.

106 107 108 109110 Award for Chemical Engineering A ch iev e m en t... I l l Germany’s Vertical Rotating Cathode Mercury C e l l ... 113 Modernization Pays Dividends in Varnish In d u str y ... 116

By RICHARD W. PORTER

Mixing Liquids in Shallow Tanks Aided by Design A n a ly s is ... 118

By E. S. B1SSEL, H . J . EVERETT anil J. II. RUSHTOX

Solid CO., Industry Thrives on Improved Production Methods . . . 120

By GUSTAVE T. REICH

Control Occupational Hazards Through Industrial Hygiene : ... 124

Ry N. V. HENDRICKS

t a i l ®

Natural Gas Utilization in the U. S . \ * ... 126

By C. B. OBERFEI.L

Reactivation o f Adsorbent D e sic e a n ts... s . . 127

By EDWARD LEDOUX

Water Distillation Makes Successful Use of Vapor D eco m p ressio n 129

By EDITORIAL STAFF

New Charts Record Vapor Pressures of Inorganics Above 1 Atm... 130

By ERNST BERL

Chemical Marketing Statistics Program o f the Bureau o f Census 132

By J . A. VAN SWEARINGEN

Chem. & M et. Plant Notebook ... 136 Chemical Requirements o f the Petroleum Refining Industry 139

A ÇI1EM. & MET. REPORT

Strontium Chemicals ... 152

A CHEM. & MET. PICTURED FLOWSHEET Wa t c h i n g Wa s h i n g t o n...

Fo r e ig n Ne w s Co r r o s io n

81 Pe r s o n a l s ... . . 2 3 5 131 In d u s t r ia l No t e s ... . . 214 147 Co n v e n t i o n Pa p e r s ... . . 250 159 Fo r e ig n Ab s t r a c t s... . . 280 165 Bo o k Re v i e w s... . . 2 8 7 174 Go v e r n m e n t Pu b l i c a t i o n s ____ . . 2 9 0 176 Ma n u f a c t u r e r s’ Pu b l i c a t i o n s . . . . 291 190 Ec o n o m i c s ... . . -301 208 Pr o d u c t io n Tr e n d s ... . . 302 227 Pr ic e s ... . . 3 0 6 231 Ne w Co n s t r u c t i o n ... . . 3 1 0 An i n d e x t o a d v e r t is e r s w i l l b e f o u n d o n p a g e 4 0 6

• J A N U A R Y 1 9 4 6 • C H E M IC A L & M E T A L L U R G IC A L E N G IN E E R IN G

T ^{u b e} -T ^{u r n}

Selected Tube Turns distributors in every principal city a re rea d y to serve you from their complete stocks.

T U B E T U R N S (Inc.)* Louisville 1, Kentucky. Branch O ffices: N ew Yo rk, C h icag o , P hila d elp h ia, Pitts­

burgh, C le v e la n d , D ayto n, W ashington, D. C ., Houston, San Francisco, S e a ttle , Los Angeles.

T 7 Q U IP M E N T manufacturers who build products using

r j

piping find m any advantages in Tube-Turn welding fittings. Here, for instance, is a Votator—one o f m any models o f food processing equipm ent made by T he Girdler Corporation. T h e piping system m ust be compact, leakproof, able to withstand pressure a t high temperatures. Tube-Turn welding fittings m eet every requirement.*

I f your product calls for piping insulation, remember that Tube-Turn welding fittings are streamlined, saving insulat­

ing tim e and expense. Their sm ooth interiors make for m atim nm efficiency o f flow. Their uniform wall thickness permits cutting for odd angles w ith complete assurance of perfect roundness.

M any equipm ent manufacturers are discovering what

piping engineers have long know n—that Tube-Turn welding

fittings offer exclusive advantages wherever piping efficiency

is a factor. T ube Turns engineers will be glad to help on

your individual problem, w ithout obligation.

Som e soid “ Im p o ssib le !” But the N avy insisted, "W e want a motor that Jikes water so w ell it’ll run in 25 feet o f it for 90 days. W hat’s more— it’s got to be lighter, more compact than standard motors.”

Then w e found that fabricated parts could be successfully welded together to assure water-tightness. For proper magnetic characteristics, w e decided to use field yokes o f one-inch rolled steel.

Th in g s look better! W e reinforced end-housings, double­

checked insulation, made sure exposed parts were leak-proof. N oth in g left to do but put our baby in the test-tank, check it regularly, and hold our breath.

9 0 d a y s la te r—w e took a good look. Motor still running and not. a drop o f water inside! That called for a short cheer and w id e smiles all around. Mass produc­

tion o f these motors follow ed.

T h e re ’s a M o ral: Every time Allis-Chalmers engineering solves special motor problems, w e discover new ways to build better stand­

ard m otors for you. Al l i s- Ch a l m e r s,

Mi l w a u k e e 1, W is. A

H EA R TH E B O ST O N S Y M P H O N Y : E v e r y S a tu r d a y E v e n in g , A m e ric a n B ro a d c a stin g C o .

CHEMICAL & METALLURGICAL ENGINEERING • JANUARY 1946 •

N o . 12 o f a S eries: "Looking o f th e FIVE ESSENTIAL THINGS y o u n e v e r s e e in ANODES!”

WITH C H E M IS T S

C arefully m easuring the ingre­

dients for " A c h e so n ” anodes.

Perfected through continuing research, these ano d es help low er u sag e costs, slo w dow n v o lta g e u s e , le n g th e n ce ll- diaphragm life.

U n d e r the stim u lu s o f w ar, th e chem ical industry has progressed in d e v e lo p in g n e w products and n e w h igh s in efficiency. T h e industry is thus better equipped to m eet th e ch a llen g e o f days to com e.

M atching strides w ith the chem ists, N a tio n a l Carbon C om pany, I n c . . . . th rou gh co n tin u in g re­

search . . . also successfully rose to m eet this w ar crisis. Carbon and grap h ite anodes perform ed as never before.

A n d n o w in the days to com e, co n tin u in g re­

s e a r c h -o n e o f the "five essential th in g s y o u never

see” in anode-m anufacture*—w ill continu e to help us to p a ra llel the progress o f chem istry by tu rn in g o u t m ore u n ifo rm , lo n g er-la stin g anodes.

• • •

*T h ese "five essential thin gs y o u never see” in anodes are: S election o f raw m aterials, m anufac­

tu rin g experience, m an u factu rin g control, con ­ tin u in g research, and custom er service. T h ey are a part o f every "A cheson” anode. W e sh a ll b e glad to ex p la in in d eta il h o w they can b e o f d istinct ad van tage to you.

• J A N U A R Y 1 9 4 6 • C H EM IC A L & M E T A L L U R G IC A L E N G IN E E R IN G

¿ S 3

GENERA L OFFICES' 3 0 E a st 4 2 n d Str*»t,

DIVISION SAIFS OFFICES.- Allanra, Chicago, Dallas, Kansas City, Na+v York, Pittsburgh, Sort Francisco h Coack/o - CoihkHoh Nafionof Carbon Company limited, Toronto d. Canada

They

MODERNIZED

2 5 0 H .P . S ilv erstreak S ile n t C hain D riv e, 2 "

p itch , 1 6 " w ide, 1972 ft. p e r m in u te speed. T o p of casing rem oved to show chain. N o te L in k -B elt ro lle r b e arin g a n d R C flexible coupling.

FOR HIGH S P E E D - - HIGH P O W ER -- and HIGH EFFICIEN CY

L I N K - B E L T C O M P A N Y

C hicago 9 , In d ia n a p o lis 6, P h ila d e lp h ia 4 0 , A tla n ta , D allas 1, M in n eap o lis 5, S a n F ran cisco 2 4 , Los A ngeles 3 3 , S e a ttle 4, T o ro n to 8.

Offices, F a c to ry B ra n ch S to res an d D istrib u to rs in P rin cip al C ities.

CH EM ICA L & M E T A L L U R G IC A L E N G IN E E R IN G • J A N U A R Y 1 9 4 6 W h e n a c o tto n o il m ill in T e n n e s s e e d e c id e d to e le c tr ify and c o n v e r t from ste a m -d r iv e n e q u ip m e n t, a th o r o u g h in v e stig a ­ tio n w a s m a d e o f p o w e r tr a n sm issio n e q u ip m e n t a n d its p er­

fo r m a n c e in m a n y o th e r p la n ts. D a ta th u s o b ta in e d le d to th e se le c tio n o f L I N K - B E L T S ilv e r str e a k S ile n t C hain D r iv e s, b e c a u s e t h e y d e liv e r fu ll p o w e r an d m a in ta in sh a ft s p e e d s w ith o u t s lip an d o p e r a te w ith n e g lig ib le a tte n tio n or u p k e e p o v e r lo n g p e rio d s o f tim e.

T h e d r iv e p ic tu r e d a b o v e is o n e o f th e fou r m a jo r in sta lla ­ tio n s o f L in k -B e lt S ilv e r str e a k S ile n t C h a in s in th is m ill, all n o te w o r th y for th e ir siz e, s p e e d an d h o rse p o w er tra n sm itted . T h e ch a in s h o w n is o f 2 in ch p itc h , 16 in c h e s w id e an d tran s­

m its 2 5 0 H .P . a t n e a r ly 2 0 0 0 ft. p er m in u te. O ther d riv es in th e m ill o p e r a te a t e v e n h ig h e r lin e a l sp eed s.

E n g in e e r s an d p la n t e x e c u tiv e s fa c in g th e c o m p e titiv e c o n d itio n s o f p e a c e -tim e o p e r a tio n w ill a p p r e c ia te th e o ld - f a sh io n e d a d v a n ta g e s o f lo w in v e stm e n t, lo w o p era tin g cost, h ig h e ffic ie n c y a n d lo n g life fo u n d in S ilv e r str e a k S ile n t C h ain D r iv e s. L in k -B e lt p o w e r tra n sm issio n sp e c ia lists w ill g la d ly a id y o u in g a in in g th e s e a d v a n ta g e s for y o u r p la n t

SILEN T C H A IN ITS

O U TST A N D IN G E F F IC IE N C Y A N D E C O N O M Y S ilv e rs tre a k S ile n t C h a in D riv e s ra n g e in sire from 3 /1 6 " p itch to 2 .5 " p itc h , a n d h a v e b een b u ilt in w id ths up to 48 in c h e s . They run on short ce n te rs, sta n d u p u n de r sh o ck lo a d s a n d when p ro p e rly

e n ca se d a n d lu b r ic a te d , a re not a ffe c te d by te m p e ra tu re v a ria tio n s o r fro m p e rio d s o f id le n e s s . T h e ir a c t u a l firs t cost is lo w , (o fte n lo w e r th an o th e r typ e s o f d riv e s } a n d th e ir y e a r ly , o v e r a ll s e rv ic e co s t is a lw a y s lo w e st.

M a n y L in k -B e lt S ile n t C h a in D riv e s a re in o p e ra tio n to d a y a f t e r 10, 20, 30 y e a rs o f s e rv ic e ,

w ith p r a c t ic a lly no a tte n tio n o r u p k e e p .

Send fo r D a ta Book 125, c o n ta in in g fu ll e n g in e e rin g an d a p p lic a t io n d a t a . W r ite to d a y !

R e m e m b e r :

IT’S TEETH, N O T T E N S IO N , THAT G IV E S SILV ERSTR EA K

e & ^GASKETS

America's Oldest and Largest Industrial Gasket Manufacturer

8 • J A M A R Y 1 9 4 6 • C H E M IC A L & M E T A L L U R G IC A L E N G IN E E R IN G

w o *D ¿aftent 'T O c h a n g e

WI T H (&U ^{B A B Y}

is self-con tain ed , w h o lly under cover, autom atic, in a space n o t m uch b igg er than your desk.

W ith Bird Filtration y o u g e t a better cake, cleaner filtrate, faster, m o re u n i­

form p rod u ctio n .

A sk us to sh o w y o u h o w m uch better and cheaper th e Bird can d o y o u r job . B ir d M achine Company, South W alpole, Massachusetts.

T h e B ird C o n tin u o u s C e n tr ifu g a l Filter effects th e separation by sed im en ­ ta tio n m u ltip lied by as m uch as 1800 tim es gravity.

T h er e are n o filter clo th s to b lo ck , b lin d or ch an ge —• n o filter m edia o f any kind — n o vacuum p u m p s or aux­

iliaries o f any kind. T h e entire o p era tio n

T H E B I R D F I L T E R

CHEM ICA L & M E T A L L U R G IC A L E N G IN E E R IN G • J A N U A R Y 1 9 4 6 9

SEE REVERE AT THE METAL SHOW CLEVELAND, FEBRUARY 4-8

¿ i

A T th e FIRST R EC O N V E R SIO N S H O W be sure to x a. see the R evere Exhibit. Y o u w ill find it in Space B 306, the sam e location in w h ich you found us in the tw o previous M etal Show s.

N o w w e are able to p o in t out, openly, definitely and in m uch m ore detail than ever before, the am azing advances in m etallurgy born o f war. In ad dition w e shall re-em phasize the virtues o f the m ore familiar R evere m ill products.

L ook for exhibits o f R evere m agnesium and aluminum, o f the n ew specially-prepared sw itch copper, the new Free-Cutting C opper, th e Certified O xygen-Free H ig h Conductivity C opper, the am azing sp ecial finishes avail­

able for Radar, and other products o f copper, brass and bronze offerin g great peace-tim e potentialities.

R evere T ech n ica l A dvisors and representatives w ill b e available to assist you.

Revere Exhibit at the 1944 M etal Show

R E V E R E

COPPER AND BRASS INCORPORATED

F o u n d ed by P a u l R evere in 1801 2 3 0 P a r k A venue, N e w Y o rk 17, N e w Y o rk Mills.' B altim ore, M d .; Chicago, III.: D etroit, M ich.;

N e w B edford, Mass.; Rom e, N . Y .

Sales Offices in p rin cip a l cities, d istributors everyw here

l / s f e n

' !

to Exploring the Unknown on the Mutual Network every Sunday evening, 9 to 9:30 p.m., EST

1 0 • J A N U A R Y 1 9 4 6 • C H EM IC A L & M E T A L L U R G IC A L E N G IN E E R IN G

ONE-PIECE Cast Frame Pump Motor

STURDY FEET

Cast in Frame BRONZE

Shaft Sleev HEAVY-DUTY

Ball Bearing ALUMINUM

Cooling Fans

X - R a y f a

Shows Why A-C’s

Smooth-Running Electrifugal Pump is the Finest of its Kind!

PROTECTIVE Metal Cover

EXTRA-LARGE Stuffing Box

SPECIAL BRONZE

Impeller

Sleeve

T

and extra value — that s what A-C s Electrifugal Pump gives you in terms of performance and economy ! X-ray view above shows how Allis-Chalmers engineering has magically combined pump-and-motor into a single compact unit — which takes less space, gives you smooth operation with maximum protection against dan­

gers of abnormal wear, leakage, corrosion, vibration ! Con­

sider these outstanding features: One-piece frame saves 33Jo in space; one shaft for pump-and-motor assures alignment; splash-proof motor is specially designed for pumping at low power cost. For further details on this great pump, call your nearby A-C office, or write

H EA R THE B O ST O N S Y M P H O N Y : S a tu r d a y , A m e rica n B ro a d c a stin g C o .

SQUEEZE PLAY

CUTS SPACE

33%!

PROBLEM: H ere is conventional pum p and motor. H o w can w e couple them together belter— to save space, increase stability, and provide rig id alignm ent.

A 1924

SO LU TIO N : W e design a new kind of pum ping unit— the one and only

"E lectrifugal” P um p! M otor and pum p are now on one shaft— w hich cuts space 3 3 % , assures alignm ent and sm ooth operation. N o w onder

"E lectrifugals” give you m ore p um p­

ing pow er fo r your m oney!

SEA-BLUE B EA U TY: M odern design o f E le c tr if u g a l P u m p looks w e ll on jobs anyw here! Capacities from 15 to 1600 gpm — heads up to 500 feet.

ALLIS-CHALMERS PUMPS

CHEMICAL & METALLURGICAL ENGINEERING • JANUARY 1946 • 11

C e n tu r y S q u ir r e l C a g e M o to rs a r e a v a ila b le i n s ix e s 2 /6 to 6 0 0 h o rs e p o w e ri\

C E N T U R Y E L E C T R I C C O M P A N Y * 1806 Pine Street • St. Louis 3, Missouri

O f f i c e s a n d S t o c k P o i n f s i n P r i n c i p a l C i t i e s ____ _

1 2 • J A N U A R Y 1 9 4 6 • C H EM IC A L & M E T A L L U R G IC A L E N G IN E E R IN G

7. Ventilating Fans, one on each end of the rotor, and scientific arrangement of air passages remove heat and reduce danger of hot spots — assure long in­

sulation life.

T h e s e D esign Features of

CENTURY FORM J

SQUIRREL CAGE MOTORS,

A s s u r e P r o te c tio n a n d L o n g L ife On

G e n e r a l P u r p o s e A p p l i c a t i o n s

2. Bearing Nuts and outer G rease Seals lock the inner ball bearing race on the shaft and fit over a machined concentric extension on the inside of the bearing housing in the end bracket — forming a grease sealed enclosure — keeps dust out, grease in,

3.Lock W ashers hold the bearing nuts tight.

4. Ball Bearings are grease lubricated, self con­

tained, single row open ball bearings. Bearings may be removed and cleaned or replaced and positively locked in place when reassembled.

5. G rease Seals extend over a machined concentric extension on the inside of the bearing plate, forming a grease seal for the inside end of the bearings.

6. Bearing Plates hold the outer bearing race in place and close the inside of the, bearing housings.

8. W elded Copper Squirrel C ag e Rotor provides positive uniform cross section of conductors which gives uniform operating characteristics and long life.

9. Cast Iron Frame is rigidly reinforced with inner ribs; ventilating passages are large and smooth.

Stator core provides a high degree of resistance to industrial atmospheres and moisture in damp areas.

This is a result of Century's Triple Insulation — (1) high dielectric slot insulation, (2) use of the latest scientific developments in m agnet wire, (3) windings sealed with Century special insulating compound.

Specify Century Motors on all your electrically powered equipment. Engineered to the functional characteristics of the machines they drive to assure top performance — Century Motors are a vital factor in producing a better product at a lower cost,

t. Bearing Brackets are ruggedly built to maintain

bearing alignment; top half is closed to prevent

falling objects and dripping liquids from entering

the vital parts of the motor. Cooling air enters

through openings in the bottom half of the bracket,

• Seeking an im proved m ethod of cooling large flows of spent soybean flakes w ithout having a m ultiplicity of equipment, the engineers who laid out the A. E. Staley Mfg. Company’s large new solvent extraction plant at Decatur, 111., came to Link-Belt.

Taking into consideration the large cooling capacity required and certain other conditions, a Link-Belt M ulti-Louvre D ryer-Cooler was installed, with highly satisfactory results. (For sm aller capacity, a Link-Belt R oto- Louvre unit m ight have been recom mended.)

T h e M ulti-Louvre D ryer-Cooler applies the well-known Link-Belt R oto- Louvre principle of operation, and is especially suited to the drying or cooling o f m aterials that do not require long retention periods. It is ex­

trem ely compact in both sm all and large capacities, requires but little power for its operation, and effects substantial econom ies in drying or cooling m any materials.

T h e louvres o f th e M ulti-Louvre unit m ove the material gently through an air stream to secure uniform results with minimum degradation o f the prod uct W hen used as a dryer, this m ethod perm its relatively high air temperatures to b e utilized without danger of overheating or case-hardening the product, clogging, etc.

G et th e details on this and other Link-Belt dryers and coolers. Ask your nearest Link-B elt office to h a v e a M aterials Handling Engineer call on you.

L I N K - B E L T

C hicago 9, In d ia n a p o lis 6. P h ilad e lp h ia 4 0 , A tla n ta , D a lla s I , M in n eap o lis S a n F ran c isco 2 4 , L o s A ngeles 3 3 , S e a ttle 4 , T o ro n to 8 . Offices in P rin c ip a l C ities.

C O M P A N Y

4 0 , A tla n ta L D allas 5 ,

U N K * m B £ L T

DRYERS A N D C O O LER S

D R Y I N G P R O C E S S E N G I N E E R I N G

--- A b o v e : T h e n e w L in k -B e lt M u lti- L o u v re D ry e r-C o o le r, first an n o u n ced to th e tra d e a b o u t a y e a r ago. R ig h t:

S a m e e q u ip m e n t in u se a t A . E . S ta le y M fg . C o., D e c a tu r, 111. I n foreg ro u n d is d isch arg e sp o u t th ro u g h m ag n etic s e p a ra to r in to a n L -B screw conveyor.

A lso show n is a n L -B B u lk -F lo e le­

v a to r w ith tw o -w ay c h u te to a set of screens. O th e r ty p e s of L in k -B elt con­

v ey o rs a re also u sed th ro u g h o u t th is new p la n t.

How Staley Uses L-B M ulti-Louvre

to Dry and Cool Soybean Flakes

A d v a n t a g e s o f

M u lt i- L o u v r e D r y e r - C o o le r a t A . E. S t a l e y M f g . Co.

Compactness. One Multi-Louvre dryer- cooler serves in place of a number other units otherwise required. Great saving of floor space.

Cleanliness. Unit is fully enclosed. Any dust is collected in cyclone dust collectors.

Economy, both in first cost of installa­

tion and in operation. Low horse power requirements. Also saves floor space for other use.

Freedom from Condensation and subse­

quent dripping on floors.

Prevention of Balling of material through condensation.

Elimination of A ny Pockets and corners in which the product might lodge and become rancid.

C H EM IC A L & M E T A L L U R G IC A L E N G IN E E R IN G • J A N U A R Y 1 9 4 6 • 13

The flash drying system further in­

creases the utility of Raymond m ills by evaporating moisture from materials while pulverizing.

•

Y ou get complete product control in fine­

ness, dryness, purity and uniform ity . . . the key to quality in making chemicals, pigments, fillers, food products, plastic compounds and scores of sim ilar mate­

rials.

R A Y M O N D

P U L V E R I Z E R D I V I S I O N

WRITE FOR

CATALO GS AND DETAILS !

C O M B U S T I O N E N G

Soles O ffices in Principal C ities

C a n a d a : Com bustion Engineering C o rp . Ltd., M ontreal

I N E E R I N G C O M P A N Y , I N C ' . 1311 N o r th B r a n c h S t r e e t , C H IC A G O ^ 2 2 , ILL.

F O R producing the finest commercial grades of powdered materials, you need the latest type of Raymond equipment to do the job economically.

W ith a Raymond installation, you have the advantage of a double w h izse r sepa­

rator, which is built integral with either the R oller M ill or the Imp M ill.

M achines handling special products may also be provided with a throw-out attach­

ment for removing impurities or un- grindable particles where high purity is desired.

This selects the fines with extrem e accu­

racy and returns the oversize to the mill for regrinding. It provides easily ad­

justed fineness control from 60% minus 100-mesh up to 99.99% passing 325-mesh or better.

®

1 4 • J A N U A R Y 1 9 4 6 • C H EM IC A L & M E T A L L U R G IC A L E N G IN E E R IN G

n HUNT O U T T H E H O T S P O T S . 180" F? 15 J U S T C O M FO R T A B LY 1 W ARM FOR. S U P E R - 7 H E A T % . R E S IS T IN G . T H A T 'S M E ! J I L O O K F O R H E A V Y L O A D S , A N D T H E N

I L I C K ’ E M . I ’M S U P E R-7 S T E E L . . M Y ST E E L C A B L E S ADD P O W E R , R E D U C E S T R E T C H / N. - , ^ - T y AN D S L I P P A G E . J ~

I T A K E T H E T O U G H E 5 T O IL .. A S S IG N M E N T S . I B A T H E

<

77

\ DONY MIND AT A L L . I ’M ,

\ \ S O P E R - 7 O IL -P R O O F . - ■' I v ^ i s o u p M f i n g a s y g -/

LOOKING

^TROUBLE/

D esig n ed to s ta n d up in tro u b le sp o ts, A m erica’s n ew est a n d w id e s t line of V-Belts -— A llis-C haim ers’ Texrope —

solves ev ery o n e of th e se drive p roblem s.

FI

MY PLACE WHERE EXPL05I0M 1

1$ A DANGER.. I'M / \

5 U P E R - 7 5TATIC ( >

R E S IS T IN G ; MY \ BUILT-IN CONDUCT-l

ING ELEMENT V CARRIES CHARGES TO THE MACHINE WHERE

THEY'RE GROUNDED,

BULLETIN!

WITH HELP OF NEW FREE M l RET!

Guide to "How to Take Reconversion inventory" o f Drives,

Motors, Pumps

H elp in the b ig job o f reconverting for peacetime production is now offered to plants everywhere by Allis-ChaLmers M fg. Co., its district offices and dis­

tributors. T o all w h o request it, w e ’re sending the new "Reconversion Inven­

tory Kit” , planned to speed th e task o f determining the condition o f your ex ­ isting equipment — V -belt drives, m o­

tors, and centrifugal pumps — which w ill be used in reconverted production.

SUGGESTS PROCEDURE, STATES STANDARDS U sed by foremen, maintenance men, and engineers, th e K it is a real time- saver. . . leads efficiently to p rob ab le tro u b le spots, helps clear them up.

Gives bearing tolerances, resistance for­

mulae, etc., in compact, easily-used form.

Check List appraisal charts help deter­

mine present and future condition o f units inventoried.

H O W TO

Milwaukee 1, W is.

Texrope V -belts are available nation-wide through Allis- Chalmers Dealers and Sales Offices. It pays to make A llis-

Chalmers your V -belt drive headquarters.

ALLIS-CHALMERS

Texrope Super-7 V-Belts result from th e cooperative research of tw o g reat com­

panies— A llis-C halm ers and B. F. G oodrich— and are sold exclusively b y A -C . ^ ^

. ■ — — — — — MBBMJb m m m m m m mmm

H EA R TH E B O ST O N SY M P H O N Y : Every S a tu r d a y Evening, Am ericon B ro a d c a stin g Co.

CHEMICAL & METALLURGICAL ENGINEERING • JANUARY 1946 •

A LLIS-C H A LM ER S M F G . CO.

D ep t. 143, M ilw au k ee 1, W is.

Please send Reconversion Inventory K it free o f charge to:

Com pany--- A ddress---

Attn, of Mr..

BUCKET

Duck, chemically tre a te d , is p assed through a continuous dryer. The Sarco Bucket steam trap keeps the steam coils free from condensate regardless of sp eed or load. Result: uniform production. Bulletin No. 3 5 0 .

H eat is a larg e p a rt o f the cost o f so ap . The S arco No. 9 therm ostatic steam tra p extracts all usable h eat befo re it opens. A recent im­

provem ent has dou b led the capacity o f this tra p . Bulletin No. 2 50.

For ap p ro x im ate tem p eratu re control, the Sarco No. 8 7 trap-control acts both as a tra p a n d a te m p eratu re regulator. It is inexpensive., reliable a n d easy to install. Bulletin No. 5 5 0 .

This scrap er strainer protects the production

of high g ra d e varnish. The purity of syrup, fruit /jjS S jj juices a n d petroleum products is also insured *.- ■ ; by S arco Strainers. Self cleaning, hand or

m otor o p e ra te d types up to 8 ” size. Bulletin

N o. 12 0 0 .

JANUARY 1946 CHEMICAL & METALLURGICAL ENGINEERING

HOW SARCO SAVES

• • • I N THE CHEM ICAL IN D U ST R Y

■

t M : m f e

T A Y L O R F O F G E & P IP E W O R K S , G e n eral Offices & W o rk s: C h.cago P.O . B ox 4 8 5 N e w Y o S Office: 50 C h u rch Scree. . P h ila d c .p h la Office: B ro ad Scree. Scauon B ldg.

CHEMICAL & M E T A L L U R G IC A L E N G IN E E R IN G • J A N U A R Y 1 9 4 6 •

TEE FO R T W O

“T a A f i& i " p & iy e c w i a a y e * t t e * t t —

■Jc Of course two tees with a nipple welded between them could be made to provide an assembly with the same dimen­

sions as this special "tandem outlet tee." However, a rigid set of conditions demanded this seamless one-piece fitting.

From there on it was the old familiar story: "This is a tough one — one for Taylor Forge."

Y

su p p lied by T a y lo r F orge. ,

T h ey

should

fittin g s for p ip e w e ld in g . „ . , „

In the sense o f k n o w le d g e and exp erien ce, W eldE L L S, too, are special.

S pecial steps are necessary to a ch ieve u n ifo rm stren gth th rou gh selective d istrib u tio n o f extra m etal w h ere stresses are greatest. S pecial tru in g op eration s g iv e W eldE L L S th eir rem arkable d im en sio n a l accuracy. Special processes accou n t for th e tan gen ts and m any oth er features o e .

In fact, you w ill find T a y lo r Forge k n o w -h o w reflected in every on e o f the features listed op p o site. C heck the list and w e b elie v e y o u w ill agree that

• S e a m le s s — g re a te r s t r e n g t h and u n ifo rm ity.

• Tangents— keep weld aw ay from zone of highest stress— sim p lify lining up.

• Precision quarter-m arked ends

— sim plify layout and help insure accuracy.

• Selective reinforcem ent —- pro*

vidcs u nifo rm strength.

• Permanent and com plete identi­

fication marking— saves tim e an<l eliminates errors in shop and field.

• W all thickness n ever less than specification minimum— assures fu ll strength and long life.

• Machine tool beveled ends— pro*

vides best w elding surface and ac­

curate bevel and land.

• The most complete line of W eld­

ing F it t in g s an d F o r g e d S t e e l Flanges In the W o r ld — insures complete service and undivided re- A n o th e r e x a m p le o f T a y l o r F o r g e ‘ k n o w ­ h o w ’ - f h a t m ea n s e x t r a v a lu e in W eldELLS.,.

WeldELLS alone

combine these featu res:

THE SHARPLES

CRYSTAL DRIER

THE SU PER-D -H YD RATO R*

Nearly 6,000,000 pounds of crysta ls/ near-dryness and discharged without

/ /

y - are being dried every day in Sharpies Super-D-Hydrators. Although new in design, already this machine is han­

dling a wide variety of crystalline V materials.

The Sharpies Super-D-Hydrator* is FULLY AUTOMATIC in its operation.

Crystals are removed from mother liquor—efficiently washed—spun to

attendant labor. Completely labor-free and trouble-free, THE SUPER-D-HY- DRATOR provides a modern answer for the continuous automatic crystal drying problem.

If your material is crystalline, chances are that it can be handled in The S h a r p ie s A u to m a tic C e n tr ifu g a l Crystal Drier.

*Trade Name Registered

C o r p o r a t i o n

C E N T R I F U G A L A N D P J R O C E S S E N G I N E E R S

2 3 0 0 W E S T M O R E L A N D S T R E E T • P H I L A D E L P H I A 4 0 • P E N N A .

LONDON • PARIS • NEW YORK • BOSTON • PITTSBURGH • CLEVELAND \ \ DETROIT • CHICAGO • DALLAS • SEATTLE • SAN FRANCISCO • LOS ANGELES \ R E P R E S E N T A T I V E S T H R O U G H O U T T H E W O R L D \ f

1 8 J A M A R Y 1 9 4 6 • C H EM IC A L & M E T A L L U R G IC A L E N G IN E E R IN G

JANUARY * A M onthly Series for Chem ists and Executives of the Solvents ana m e - u r » . - -

New Syntheses Hinge on High Reactivity of Ethyl Chloroforniate

Low-Cost Chem ical Paves W ay to N ew Products and Processes

R ecent investigations have shown that ethyl chloroform ate ( “ ethyl chlorocarbonate” ) en­

ters into a wide variety of organic reactions that should lead to the rap id and efficient m anufacture of m any im portant in d u strial and m edicinal products. T h is versatility, coupled with the p ro d u ct’s low cost and present-day availability, points to its expanded use in v a ri­

ous bran ch es of the industry.

In view of the quickening in terest in the new uses for ethyl chloroform ate, U.S.I. p re­

sents here a resum e of the reactions which have appeared from tim e to tim e in U.S.I.

C H EM IC A L N EW S.

Reactions

1. E thyl chloroform ate reacts with amm onia, amines, am ides, im ides, and amino acids to produce such com pounds as ureth an , ethyl im idodicarboxylate, N-carbethoxy-im idodicar- boxylate, ethyl allophanate, cyanuric acid,

( C ontinued on n e xt page)

U ltra H igh-Speed B odying

A fforded by New H a rd R esin

U .S.I. Arochem 333 Is R adically D ifferent M odified P henolic Ideal for U se w ith U nbodied Linseed or Dehydrated Castor Oil

The first really significant postwar developm ent in th e field of

is a modified phenolic, Arochem 333, just announceu by U.S.I. Chief amo the m any unusual properties exhibited

V ersatile M etal C leaner

A p a te n t has recently been issued describ ­ ing a new m etal cleaner designed to remove oil, grease, carbon, gums, ethyl gasoline stains, and other contam inants. P a rtic u lar usefulness is claim ed fo r it on zinc die castings, alum i­

num castings, and m etals w hich have u n d e r­

gone dichrom ic and anodic treatm ents. The cleaner contains: butyl alcohol, ethyl alcohol, rosin, ethylene dichloride, propylene dichlo­

ride, vegetable oil soap, and other ingredients.

THE MONTH IN PLASTICS

RECORDINGS — Solos boom In n on-shatter- a b le v in y l p h o n o g r a p h r e c o r d s . . MEDICINE — N e w w a ter-so lu b le p lastic — p o lyvin y lp y rro lid o n e —- ad m in istered a s a blood substitute . . . MOLDING MATERIALS

— High h eat-resistant silicon e resins cured by c a ta ly s is . . . MUSIC — An a ll-p la stic

harm o nica — w a rtim e G l m orale-b ooster n o w a v a ila b le to civ ilia n s . . . PROTECTIVE COATINGS — A n e w p lastic — p o lyeth ylen e

—n o w a p p lie d In fla m e-sp ra yed co a tin g s...

DOMESTIC — P IcrH c bobb y pins en d clothes p in s h it th e m a r k e t . . . PSYCHIATRY

— Plastic kits introduced to occup ation al therap y . . . AERONAUTICS - Pressurized cab ins In stratosphere lin ers m ad e po ssib le by a la m in a te of p o lyvin yl bu tyra! resin a n d methyl m eth acryla te . . . INDUSTRIAL DESIGN — M odern p lastic household a p p li­

ances n o w on exhibit in N ew Yo rk.

S p e c ific a tio n s—A ro ch em 3 3 3

A cid N u m b e r ... 3 5 -4 5 M elting Point (M ercu ry M ethod)

1 65-175 C.

Color (G .H . 1 9 3 3 - 5 0 % cut In Toluol I

10-12

Specific G r a v i t y ... 1,1 So lub ility: Com p letely solu ble in coal- tar solvents an d m edium and lo w viscosity drying o ils; p a rtia lly soluble In petroleum

solvents. Insolub le in ethyl alcohol.

Superior Safety Glass Results f r o m TSew Process

A recently granted p atent describes a proc­

ess w hich may brin g about ibe production ot improved safety glass. By m e—is of this proc­

ess, polyvinyl acetals — a group of plastics used in the form ation of safety glass in te r­

layers - are stabilized and their adherence to glass increased.

According to claim s m ade in the Pa te a t’

this superior interlayer m aterial is m ade by suspending 100 parts of a polyYjnyl acetal such as polyvinyl butyral, in 1000 p a rts of a 37 per cent ethyl alcohol-w ater solution at 45 degrees F. for 5 hours. T h e reactio n is carried on in the presence of sufficient quater- nary amm onium hydroxide to ren d er the solu- tion slightly alkaline. P referred q u atern ary am m onium com pounds are: dimethyldibenzyl- am m onium hydroxide anv. tnm etliylbenzyl- amm onium hydroxide.

need for prebodying the slow-polymerizing oils currently used in varnish m anufacture.

V arnishes m ade with this resin art- o b tain ­ able in light colors, show less tendency to yellow, and are faster drying than o th er m odi­

fied phenolic varnishes. Arochem 333 is used in m any types of printing inks as well as in soft oil varnishes.

Saves Production Time

Since Arochem 333 elim inates the need of prebodying the oils, the tim e and expense involved in this prelim inary process is saved.

T h e actual cooking tim e of the varnish, m ore­

over, is equal to or only slightly greater than the tim e req u ired to cook conventional m odi­

fied resins w ith pre-hodied oils. For exam ple, 20-35 gallon length unbodied linseed Arochem 333 varnishes can be cooked to conventional viscosity with only one hour holding tim e at top tem perature (580° F .) , w hereas the same holding tim e is req u ired to achieve equivalen viscosity witli typical modified phenolics and

“ Z” viscosity linseed. S till shorter cooking cycles can be employed w ith unbodied dehy­

drated castor oil. .

Arochem 333 can be used with all slou- polymerizing oils., h ut it is not recom m ended w ith straig h t tung or oiticica oils or with k ettle bodied oils w ith vtscos hes above O-K

( Gardner-1 lo ld t) .

Other Unusual Properties Soft oil varnishes made with Arochem 333 dry faster than com parable varnishes m ade w ith a wide variety of modified phenolics now available. Relatively pale colored varnishes w hich show less tendency to after-yellow are obtainable w ith this resin. T hey are equal or

( C o n tin u e d o n n e x t p a g e )

V egetab le Oil Soap Stock N ew P h o sp h a tid e S ou rce

S ubstantial qu an tities of phosphatide».can be produced as a by-product in the a l^a l,;r£

fining of vegetable oils, according to the claims m ade in a recent patent. T he phos- phatides are recovered by extraction from the.

vegetable oil soap stock.

Two m ethods of cx tra-tio n may be em ­ ployed. In the first, the soap stock is treated w ith a soap-solvent, sucli a; acetone, in which the phosphatides are insoluble. T he phos- i phatides are then sep arated by filtration, j the second, the soap stock is treated ™ th .a

phosphatide-solvent, such as petroleum ether,

! -in which the soap is insoluble. T he phos-

! L r i d e s are then recovered by evaporation.

| T he crude phosphatides recovered by either

! 0f these m ethods are purified by w ashing with an aqueous solution of an acid or an acid salt to i-d u c e th e pH to betw een 3 and 4.5.

V A R N ISH M A K I N G — R e s in s a n d o ils a r e c o o k e d in l a r g e k e t t le s . V / h e n A r o c h e m 3 3 3 is u s e d , p r e ­ b o d y in g s lo w - p o l y m e r iz i n g o ils i s u n n e c e s s a r y .

6 0 E A S T 4 2nD S T ., N E W Y O R K 1 7 . N . Y

A C E T O N E

C h e m ic a lly P yre ...

RESIN S

S& W E ste r G u m s — a li types S & W . C o n g o G u m s — ra w , fu sed &

e ste rifie d

S A W * A ro D la2—a lk y d s an d a llie d m a te ria ls

S& W • A ro fe n c — p ure p h e n o lics S& W ‘ A ro c h e m — m o d ifie d ty p e s S& W N a tu ra l Resins— a ll s ta n d a rd

g ' j d e s

O TH ER PROD UCTS

C o llo d io n s E th y le n e

E th yle n e G ly c o l ‘ lo d a lo n e N itro c e llu lo s e So lu tio n s . U reth an IN TERM ED IA TES

A c e t o a c e t a n ilid e A c e t o a c e t - o rth o - a n is id Id e '’

A c e to a c e t - o rt h o - c h lo r a n illd e A c e t o a c e t o r t h o - t o lu id id e A c e t o a c e t - p a ra - c h lo ra n ilid e Eth y l A c e t o a c e t a te Eth y l B e n z o y la c e ta te Eth yl S o d iu m O x a la c e t a te ETH ER S

E th yl E th e r

Eth y l E th e r A b s o lu te — A .C .S . FEED C O N C EN T R A T ES

" C u r b a y S - G °

‘ C u r b a y S p e c ia l L iq u id

• V a c a to n e 40 A C E T IC ESTER S

A m y l A c e t a te B utyl A c e t a t e Eth y l A c e t a te O X A L IC ESTER S

D ib u ty l O x a la te D ie th yl O x a la te P H T H A L IC ESTER S

D ia m y l P h th a la te D ib u ty l P h th a la te D ie th yl P h th a la te O TH ER ESTER S

•Dlatol

D ieth yl C a rb o n a te E th yl C h o lo ro io rm a te Eth y l Fo rm a te A L C O H O L S

A m y l A lc o h o l

Butanol (N o rm a l Butyl A lc o h o l) Fusel O i l — R e fin e d

Ethanol (Eth y l Alcohol) S p e c ia lly D e n a tu re d — a ll re g u la r

an d an h y dro u s fo rm u la s C o m p le te ly D e n a tu re d — a ll re g u la r

a n d an h y d ro u s fo rm u la s Pure— 190 p ro o f, C .P . 9 6 % , i A b s o lu te

• S u p e r P yro A n ti-fre e z e

•S o lo x P ro p rie ta ry S o lve n t / A N S O L S

A n s o l M A n s o l PR

• R e g is te re d T ra d e M ark

E tliy l C h loroform ate

(C o n tin u ed fr o m preceding page)

ethyl qu an id in e dicarboxylate, and ethyl cy- anam idedicarboxylate.

2. It forms condensation products w ith ethyl iodide in the presence of m etallic sodium to produce ethyl secondary-butyl ketone and o th er products.

3. It reacts w ith G rig n ard reagents to give:

ethyl benzoate, trip h en y l carbinol, triethyl carbinol, and ethyl alkylcarboxylates.

4. W ith allyl iodide in the presence of zinc, it gives, am ong other things, triallylcarbinol.

5. W ith m etal com pounds of alkylacetylenes, it gives ethyl alkylacetylene-carboxylates.

6. W ith alcohol or alcoholates, it produces n eu tral alkyl carbonates — eith er m ixed ethyl carbonates, or di-substituted alkyl carb o n ates;

with quinine th ere results q u in in e ethyl c ar­

bo n ate; with sodium ethylene glycol, it gives diethyl ethylene dicarbonate from w hich ethylene carbonate can be obtained.

7. W ith phenol, it gives ethyl phenyl c ar­

bonate and ethyl salicylate.

8. W ith sodium su lphide, th ere resu lts dicar- bethoxysulphide; with sodium ethanethiol, th ere results ethyl thiolcarbonate.

9. By m eans of m alonic ester, acetoacetic ester, and cyanoacetic ester syntheses, it forms ethyl m ethanetricarboxylate, ethylm ethanete- tracarboxylate, ethyl carbelhoxyacetoacetate, and ethyl cyanom alonate.

10. It reacts w ith benzene in the presence of alum inum chloride to give ethylbenzene.

11. W ith sodium benzoate, it gives ethyl b e n ­ zoate and benzoic an h y d rid e; ethyl benzoate is also produced by its reaction with brom oben- zene and sodium am algam .

12. W ith acetone and potassium cyanide, th ere resu lts O -carbethoxy-alpha-hydroxyiso- b u ty ro n itrile; w ith potassium cyanate, th ere results, carbethoxy isocyanate, and, depending on the conditions, the tricarbethoxy derivative of isocvanuric acid, and also the trie th y l, th e diethyl carbethoxy, and the ethyl dicarbethoxy derivatives of isocyanuric acid.

13. W ith phenol carboxylic acids an d alkali, it gives carbethoxy derivatives.

N ew H ard R esin

( C ontinued fr o m preceding page)

T h e c o p p e r o r e fr o m t h is m in e i s c o n c e n t r a t e d w i t h th e a i d o f f lo t a t io n a g e n t s s y n t h e s i z e d b y th e u s e o f e t h y l c h lo r o f o r m a t e a s a n in t e r m e ­ d i a t e . T o d a t e t h is h a s b e e n th e p r i n c ip a l u s e o f t h is U .S . I . p r o d u c t , b u t it s r e a c t i v i t y p o in t s to w i d e p o t e n t i a l it ie s in c h e m ic a l m a n u f a c t u r e .

su p erio r to any of the o th er w idely used m odi­

fied phenolics in alkali and w ater resistance.

T he fast bodying properties of this resin m ake it of extrem e value to the gloss ink m an u fa ctu rer. T h e fast drying and color re ­ tentive qu alities add to its usefulness. T he exceptionally larg e polymer size of th is resin yields ink vehicles of m axim um hold-out.

E ther Extraction Yields H yperten sion Anti-Pressor

A new th erap eu tic ag en t for the treatm ent of either essential hypertension, or the h y p er­

tension of pregnancy com plicated by ecclamp- sia, is described by a New Y ork chem ist. This new anti-pressor, for in tram u scu lar injection, is extracted from n atu rally occuring composi­

tions w ith butyl and ethyl ethers.

The final product, a fte r recrystallization from hot, distilled w ater, is a w hite crystalline m aterial w ith a m elting point of 119° C.

P e n ic illin Q uality U p

Both the q uality an d potency of penicillin have risen, according to a rece n t government announcem ent. O riginally, 100 u n i t s ^ r m illi­

gram w as acceptable fo r clinical use, but the average potency today ranges from 500 to 800 un its per m illigram .

T E C H N IC A L D E V E L O P M E N T S

Further inform ation on these ite m s m ay be obtained by w riting to U .S.I.

A rot-p ro o f fa b ric , m a d e of m o d ified cotto n , h a s b e e n d e v e lo p e d b y a g o v e rn m e n t b u re a u .

(No. 018) USI

A d is p e r s in g a g e n t, d e s c rib e d a s b e in g a c id - s ta b le , is re c o m m e n d e d for u s e w h e r e v e r w e t­

tin g , th ic k e n in g o r d is p e r s in g a g e n t s a r e u s e d in th e o re s e n c e of a c id s , b a s e s o r m in e ra l s a lts .

(No. 019) USI

A n e w s e a lin g m a te ria l, u s e d to s e a l th e p ro x im ­ ity fu se a g a i n s t m o is tu re , is n o w a v a i l a b l e for u s e o n m e ta l, g la s s , p la s tic s o r w o o d . (No. 020)

USI

A co rro sio n -p ro o fin g co m p o u n d , in te n d e d to p r o ­ tect s u rfa c e s a g a i n s t c o rro sio n b -jr w a te r a n d c h e m ic a ls s u c h a s th o se u s e d in p la tin g a n d rin s e ta n k s , m a y b e a p p lie d b y b r u s h , s p r a y or

d ip p in g . (No. 021)

USI

pH te s t p a p e r s a r e a n n o u n c e d w h ic h p e rm it r e a d in g s in s te p s of 0.25 p H th ro u g h th e r a n g e

from pH 1.0 to pH 14.0. (No. 022)

USI

To m a k e te x tile s w a te r re s is ta n t, a w a x e m u l­

sio n is o ffered for a p p lic a tio n b y s im p ly a d d in g it to th e rin s e w a te r . M ild ew re p e lle n c y is a n ­ o th e r fe a tu re c la im e d . (No. 023)

USI

A n e w d e s-zin g a g e n t, d e s c rib e d a s a n e n z y m e in p o w d e r e d form , is c la im e d to b e n in e tim es a s effe c tiv e a s liq u id d e s iz e rs in re m o v in g s ta r c h a n d g e la tin e s iz in g s from te x tile s. (No. 024)

USI

A s e a lin g c o m p o u n d , d e v e lo p e d for u s e o n p ip e th re a d s a n d g a s k e ts , is s a i d to b e im p e rv io u s to oil, g a s o lin e a n d o th e r p e tro le u m -b a s e so lv e n ts, a n d to r e m a in fle x ib le so a s to c o n tra c t a n d e x ­

p a n d w ith th e m e ta l. (No. 025)

USI

N o v el fin ish e s, in a w id e v a r ie ty of e ffects, is o n e of th e c la im s m a d e for a n e w s p r a y g u n th a t a p p lie s tw o d iffe re n t c o lo rs a t th e s a m e

tim e. (No. 026)

USI

A s y n th e tic w a x , d e s c rib e d a s w h ite , c ry s ta llin e a n d o d o rle s s is s a i d to h a v e p ro m isin g p o s s i­

b ilitie s in c o sm e tic s, w a te r -re p e lle n t c o m p o si­

tio n s, film m o d ifiers a n d p la s tic iz e rs . (No. 027) USI

A n a ly s is of c o m b u stib le s c o n te n t of a g a s e o u s m ix tu re, a n d c o n tro l of th is c o n te n t, is th e a n ­ n o u n c e d fu n c tio n of a n e w a u to m a tic in s tru m e n t, c la im e d to b e re s p o n s iv e to c h a n g e s of 0.05

p e r cen t. (No. 028)

USI

To s trip b a k e d fin ish e s, a n e w so lu tio n w h ic h m a y b e a p p lie d b y b ru s h , d ip o r s p r a y , is s a id to m in im ize n e c e s s ity for s c r u b b in g p a rts .

(No. 029) USI

N D U S T R I A L C H E M I C A L S , I N C .

B R A N C H E S ' I N A H P R I N C I P A L C I T I E S A D V E R T IS E M E N T — T h is en tire page is a paid ad vertisem en t.

U.S.I,CHEM ICAL NEW S

D A Y T O N , OHIO T H E DU RIRO N C O M P A N Y, Inc

n o t in a b u c k e t

Step out of the mop and bucket brigade. Use D

bell-and- spigot pipe for acid waste lines.

from

D v c h o u ses A c id w a sh tank s

P la tin g p la n ts E n g ra v in g room s

P ic k lin g tan k s B r ig h t d ip ta n k s G a lv a n iz in g sh o p s C h e m ica l la b o r a to r ie s

D

bill - and - spigot pipe 9— ? normally outlasts the plant.

9 5 % s u lfu r ic a c id ...

25% s u lfu r ic a c id ...

1 0 % s u lfu r ic a c id ...

7 0 % n itric a c i d ...

1 0 % n itric acid 5 % h y d ro c h lo r ic a c id . . 9 9 % ace tic acid ...

87% p h o sp h o r ic acid . . . 1 0 % p h o sp h o r ic acid . . . 7 .9 % o x a lic a c id . . . . 2 5 % c o p p e r su lfa t e . . . . . 2 7 % am m o n iu m ch lo rid e

¡g S M -D L W iS a

■ I a 1>V1 r .r r « j.lilljin c n i

CHEMICAL & METALLURGICAL ENGINEERING • J ANVARI 1946

Today, if you’re sm art

Y o u carry acid in pipe