CHEMICAL
e r - y t f ' t c / f / Z / v J y t c / l é '
I I G I 11 EE RI 11 G
JAMES A. L E E ...M anaging E d ito r
’riIEO DO RE R. O L IV E ...A sso cia te E ditor HENRY M. B A T T E R S M a rk et E d ito r LESTER 13. P O P E A ssista n t E d ito r RICHARD W . P O R T E R A ssista n t E d ito r EDMOND C. F E T T E R A ssistant E d ito r RICHARD F. W A R R E N A ssista n t E d ito r
EDITORIAL R E P R E S E N T A T IV E S JOHN R. C A L L A IIA M San F rancisco T. V. H IG H T O W E R ... W ashington EARLE M A U L D IN ... A tla n ta R. S. M cB R ID E ... W ashington E. S. S T A T E L E R ... Chicago
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tered as second class matter Septem ber 3, 1936, at Post Office at Albany, N . Y ., U .S .A . under act o f March 3, 1879. Copyright 1946 by McGraw-Hill Publishing Company. I n c . - all rights reserved. Branch offices: 520 North Michigan A venue, Chicago 11: 68 Post Street, San Francisco 4; A ldw ych H ouse, Aldwych, London, W . C. 2; W ashington 4: Philadel
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P u b lication Office
99-129 N orth Broadway, A lbany 1, N . E ditorial JUirT~Executive Offices
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JAM ES II. M cG RA W , Jr., P re sid e n t; CU R T IS W. M cG RAW , S e n io r V ice-P resid en t and Treasurer; H O W A R D E H R L IC H . Vice-Presi
dent and G eneral B u sin ess M anager; E U G E N E D U F F IE L D , E d ito ria l A ssista n t to the P re si
dent; J O S E P H A. G E R A R D I, S e c re to ry; and J; E. B L A C K B U R N , Jr., V ice-P residen t (fo r circulation operations).
M ember A .B .P. Member A.B.C.
Cable Address M cG R A W H IL L N ew York
Wa t c h i n g Wa s h i n g t o n... »u Eq u i p m e n t N e w s ...1 Ne w Pk o d u c t s...
»,
165Ne w s ... , 77 Pa c i f i c Pr o c e s s In d u s t r i e s...
F o r e i g n N e w s ...
l J.
Ge r m a n Ch e m i c a l In d u s t r i e s 2 0 1 Co r r o s i o n Fo r u m...
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In d e x t o Ad v e r t is e r s
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4 0 0
M A R C H • 1 9 4 6
Volum« 53 Number 3
S. D. K IR K PA T R IC K . .E d ito r
III this Issue
A tom ic E n g in e e rin g ’s F u l u r c ...
E D IT O R IA L f o r e w o r d
N ylon P ro d u c tio n T e c h n iq u e is U n iq u e ... 9 6
By JA M E S A . L E E
Chemical E n g in e e rin g P ro fessio n H o n o rs A -Bom b Project.'. ... 1 00
P r e s e n t a t i o n o f A w a r d ... 100 B y A lfr e d I I . W h ite
A c c e p ta n c e o f A w a r d ...
B y M o j. G en . I.. R . G roves
E lectro -P ro cess D eveloped to , “ cc„ l^ aRliic M a,,Sa Ilc s c * : : V'-V^ : 10
By G . L . A L L E N , J . H . JA C O B S a n d J . W . H U N T E R -
G erm an P ilo t P la n t P ro d u c tio n o f S y n th etic M ic a ... T O --- . .
Dy H A R R Y A . C U R T IS . v .t I
R o o t S ta rc h M ade iji die. F lo rid a E v erg la d es. . ... - • • ■ ...
L ib r a r ie s —A dvance Scouts fo r R e s e a rc h ... 112
By I - O . LE W T O N
S im p lified M ethods fo r C alcu latin g Stresses in P re ssu re V essels 1 1 4
By C A R S T E N F . . R O E
E n g in e e rin g R e p re se n ta tio n is a n A -Bom b “ M ust ...
A ir D uct D esign fo r In d u s tria l V en tilatin g S y ste m s... 1 1 8
By C. C . H E R M A N N
C h a rt a n d T ab les fo r V a p o r P ressu res o f O rg am cs Above 1 A tm ...
By E R N S T B E R L
W ar-D eveloped O xygen G e n e ra to r W ith P o stw ar P o s s ib ilitie s ... . . ™ C h em . & M et. P la n t N otebook ... ...
E q u ip m e n t P ro g ress P o rtra y e d a t 2 0 th C h em ical E x p o s itio n ... 1 29
A C H E M . & M E T . R E P O R T
... 1 4 8 N vlon P r o d u c t i o n ...
A C H E M . & M E T . P IC T U R E D F L O W S H E E T
C H E M IC A L P E T R O L E U M
T
3 1
PIN Garrangements such as this special header call for the design of Tube-Turn welding fittings.
Long radius and short radius . . . light weight to extra heavy . . . 45°, 90°, 180° or odd angles when necessary. .. all help to simplify modern piping design.
Close inspection insures th a t all T ube-T urn fit
tings of the same p a rt num ber are identical in all dimensions. Tube-Turn welding fittings are available in sizes ranging from one-half inch to 30 inches. Uni
form wall thickness, smooth inner wall and fine grain structure are plus features of th e Tube Turns line.
T u b e
T4AOI MM«- T u r n S S J
C o n su lt y o u r fa v o rite p ip in g a u th o rity a n d see your Tube T urns distributor. For more information on the superiority of Tube T urns’ exclusive m anu
facturing methods and data on successful installa
tions in m any industries, write for Catalog 111.
• • •
S e le c t e d Tube Turns D istrib u to rs in e v e r y p rin c ip a l c ity a r e r e a d y to s e r v e y o u fro m t h e ir c o m p le te s to c k s .
TU BE T U R N S ( in c .) , Louisville 1, Kentucky. Branch O ffic es: N e w York, W a s h in g to n , D . C ., P h ila d e lp h ia , Pittsburgh, C le v e la n d , D e tro it, C h ic a g o , Houston, S a n Francisco, S e a ttle , Los A n g e le s .
Welding Fittings and Flanges
G E N E R A L P IP IN G S H IP B U IL D IN G P O W E R E Q U IP M E N T
M A R C H 1 9 4 6 • CHEMICAL & METALLURGICAL ENGINEERING
Our N avy D id,, .on fleet tugs down in the tropics, where engine room temperatureswere running high as 140°F!
In 25 by 30 ft of space, that’s like having 140, thou
sand-watt radiant heaters "raising blisters” on you all at one tim e!
W e M e a s u r e d , and figured, and made designs— used a new, toxic gas-free Glass Melamine insulation that re
quired extensive changes in design and fabrication.
W e put special air passages inside the motor— yet kept accessibility. W e saved 25% space over our pre
vious commercial marine design by figuring a special shape cooler— without cutting down cooler efficiency.
T h e n W e M a d e T h o s e M o to r s S h o c k - P r o o f — by cut
ting out all cast iron, re-designing structural members for greater strength, resorting to modern, proven fab
rication throughout. Result: A new kind of water- cooled motor that put a "tough” Navy job on ice, and also proved a point ! A 1999
T h e re 's a P o in t to this story: Every time AHis- Chalmers engineering discovers new ways of solv
ing special motor problems, like this one, it also learns how to build better standard motors for you! Watch for these new and better motors from
A-C. Al l i s-Ch a l m e r s, Mi l w a u k e e 1, Wis.
B O S T O N S Y M P H O N Y : E v ery S a t u r d a y E v e n in g , A m e rica n B ro a d c a stin g Co.
CHEMICAL & METALLURGICAL ENGINEERING • M A R C H 1 9 4 6 • 5
BUBBLE
F o r A I I t » G A S » L I Q U
G R O V E R E G U L A T O R C O M P A N Y
6 5 t h & G R EE N STREET, O A K L A N D 8 , C A L IF O R N IA • E a s t e r n S a le s a n d E x p o r t O f f ic e : 3 0 R o c k e fe lle r P la z a , N e w Y o r k C ity F a c t o r y B r a n c h e s : 1 0 8 P o rt w o o d , H o u s to n , T e x a s t 1 9 3 0 W e s t O ly m p ic B o u le v a r d , Los A n g e le s 6 , C a lif o r n ia
EMBODIES NO METALLIC MOVING PARTS
Contrasted to ordinary check valves the Grove Chex- Flo employs no metallic moving parts. Operation is effected by means o f a synthetic rubber tube which expands to open and contracts to close over a slotted cup-shaped metal core. Uniform and constant spring rate o f the flexible tube sets up no inertia to cause operation in excess o f flow reqiitt-ements. Tube closes instantly on balanced flow prior to incfep.tion o f back flow. This eliminates any tendency to establish pres
sure impulses, shock or water hammer in flow line.
For full details write for Bulletin 610 today.
V iew ab o v e show s sim p lified p arts assem b ly of G rove C h ex F lo V alv es co n sistin g of: 1. V alve Body, 2 . F le x ib le S y n th e tic R u b b er T u be, 3 . S lo t
te d C u p -sh a p ed Core, 4 . F la n g e C losure.
* Positive Bubble-tight shut-off
* Instantaneous in O peration
* Closes on Balanced Flow
* Avoids Pressure Impulses
* Self-compensating for W e a r
* Requires no M aintenance
* Silent in O peration
6 • M A R C H 1 9 4 6 • CHEMICAL & METALLURGICAL ENGINEERING
G O V E R N S Q U A L I T Y , LINK-BELT RI.V. G E A R
t& e / 4 (tM ven > f
A bove: P .I.V . Gear on W eber Paper B ag M achine regulates the speed of the cutting-off device, which determines the exact length of bag.
>_
R ight: L ink-Belt P .I.V . Gear applies to slasher. In mills where P .I.V . Gears have been applied for stretch control on slashers, tests show that the yarn retains its elasticity after slashing. T ests made in the w eave room of one mill showed an increase in loom production due to less breaks and fewer loom stops. Production reports for w eaving before P .I.V . was installed, showed 9 1 .5 % . After the change-over to P.I.V . slasher stretch control, the report showed 9 3 .5 % or an increase of 2% .
G et any speed instantly— maintain it accurately with this positive, infinitely variable speed changing unit.
R
ro d u c ts a n d p ro c e s se s m a y d iffer w id ely , b u t if p re c is e s p e e d is a a c to r in th e re s u lt, th e sa m e u n iq u e P .I.V . G e a r s p e e d c h a n g e r w ill :u rn ish th e m ean s. W ith th is u n it, p o w e r is tr a n s m itte d p o s itiv e ly th ro u g h m a ll-m e ta l ch ain , m a k in g to o th -to -to o th c o n ta c t w ith m e ta l w heels.S peeds can b e v a rie d in fin ite ly w ith in fu ll ra n g e o f th e u n it, a n d o n ce selected, th e c h o se n s p e e d is m a in ta in e d a c c u ra te ly . S p e e d is ch an g e d while th e d riv e is ru n n in g b y a sm a ll h a n d w h e e l, o r b y a u to m a tic or
rem o te co n tro l. ,
P re c is e p o s itiv e s p e e d c o n tro l in a n y ty p e of in d u s tria l a p p lic a tio n can b e o b ta in e d b y m e a n s o f th e P .I.V . G e a r. B u ilt in a w id e ra n g e of sizes a n d ty p e s , fu lly d e s c rib e d in B o o k 1874. S en d fo r a copy.
L I N K - B E L T C O M P A N Y
Chicago 9. Indianapolis 6, Philadelphia 40 , A tlanta, D allas 1, M inneapolis 5, San Francisco 24 Los Angeles 33 , Seattle ' Toronto 8. Offices, Factory Branch Stores and Distributors
in Principal Cities.
10,209
CHEMICAL & METALLURGICAL ENGINEERING • M A R C H 1 9 4 6 • 7
• M A R C H 1 9 4 6 • CHEMICAL & METALLURGICAL ENGINEERING
the unnecessary
parts!
FARRIS Safety and Relief Valves have few er parts . . . so there is less risk of failure. And their few er parts are designed to give continuous service , . . without need of constant repair or replacement. Yes, w e’ve taken off the trouble-breeding parts!
Speedy, accurate over-pressure re
lief is delivered by the single blowdown ring, the precisely machined seat and disc, and the low- stressed springs.
Gone are the complicated dual adjustments requir
ing time-consuming and expensive balancing. And the single blowdown ring permits simple field ad
justment . . . requires no special instruments . . . no long and exhaustive pop testing to secure the relief setting required.
For few er maintenance troubles, long-life service, and sure protection from over-pressure dangers—
specify FARRIS Safety and Relief Valves.
Write to d a y for NEW Farris catalog!
FARRIS ENGINEERING CO.,374 Commercial Ave., Palisades Park, N
. ).
FARRIS V e n tu ri Port S a fe ty V a lv e , Typ e 2 2 5 0 . Sizes 1 Y \* to 6 " . Pressures: 6 0 0 lbs.—
7 5 0 ° F.
A S F O R C O N T I N U O U S F I L T R A T I O N
■
: - :
■> ■ ■1 ^ - :
* ) t 'i A
i aW h I Í # m ' H?;- : lii** if a 1
«Jtä&iii w § «
: í
i m
... - -s HI i i -j y
T h e B ird C entrifugal is en g i
neered and built by the m en w h o developed the B ird Continuous C entrifugal Filter, th e m o st im p o rta n t co n trib u tio n to solids- from -liquids separation in recen t years. W henever batch centrif
uging is called for, the B IR D has w hat it takes.
U p to the m inute in d esign and construction, the B ird C entrifugal is a heavy duty, high speed (up to 2000 x gravity), h ig h capacity m achine, custom-built for your particu lar service.
W rite for the new B ird Suspended C entrifugal Bulletin.
B I R D M A C H I N E C O M P A N Y
S O U T H W A L P O L E • M A S S A C H U S E T T S
CHEMICAL & METALLURGICAL ENGINEERING • M A R C H 1 9 4 6 •
CHEMICAL PROCESSING COSTS LESS
WITH REVERE COPPER, BRASS AND BRONZE
R
e v e r e C o p p e r W a te r T u b e , R e d -B ra s s P ip e a n d . o th e r se a m le s s tu b e s n o t o n ly g iv e e x tre m e ly lo n g s e rv ic e , b u t a ls o re d u c e th e fre q u e n c y a n d c o st o f m a in te n a n c e . T h e s e m a te ria ls n e v e r ru s t, a n d can re a d ily w ith s ta n d c o n s ta n t e x p o s u r e t o m a n y o f th e c o r r o s iv e liq u id s a n d g a s e s u s e d by in d u s try . In th a t w ay th e y h e lp to p r o te c t th e p u rity o f th e 's u b sta n c e s b e in g p r o c e s s e d , h e lp to k e e p w a te r c le a r, h e lp to k e e p p r o d u c tio n m o v in g sw iftly .T h a t is w h y s u g a r re fin e rie s , f o o d p r o c e s s in g la n ts , a n d th e c h e m ic a l in d u s trie s , as w e ll as lau n - rie s, h o s p ita ls a n d in d u s tr ia l b u ild in g s , u s e th e s e R e v e re p r o d u c ts f o r c o n d u c tin g e s s e n tia l fluids.
T h e illu s tr a tio n s h o w s h o w R e v e re C o p p e r T u b e is in s ta lle d in o n e la u n d r y a n d d ry c le a n in g p la n t.
S im ila r in s ta lla tio n s a r e s a v in g m o n e y f o r v a rio u s in d u s tr ie s th r o u g h o u t th e w o rid .
R e v e re S h e e t C o p p e r , B ra ss a n d B ro n z e o ffer c o m p a r a b le a d v a n ta g e s in b o ile r s , ta n k s , k e ttle s , d u c ts , p a n s a n d tra y s. T h e e a se w ith w h ic h th e s e
R e v e re m a te ria ls c a n b e fa b r ic a te d by c o p p e rs m ith s in to th e d e s ir e d e q u ip m e n t is a n a d d e d re a s o n w hy th ey a r e e c o n o m ic a l to use.
R e v e re m ill p r o d u c ts in c lu d e — Copper a n d Copper Alloys: P ip e a n d T u b e , S h e e t a n d P la te , R o lls a n d S trip , R o d a n d B a r, E x tru d e d S h a p e s, F o r g i n g s — A lu m in u m A lloys: T u b in g , E x tru d e d S h a p e s, F o r g in g s — M a g n esiu m A lloys: T u b in g , S h e e t a n d P la te , R o d a n d B a r, E x tru d e d S h a p e s, F o r g in g s — Steel:
E le c tric W e ld e d S teel T u b e . W e s o lic it y o u r o r d e r s f o r th e s e m a te ria ls .
* £ V £ J 9 £
C O P P E R A N D BRASS I N C O R P O R A T E D
Founded by P a u l R evere hi 1801 2 3 0 Park Avenue, N e w Y ork 17, N e w York M ills: B altim ore, Aid.: Chicago, 111.; D etroit, M ich.t N ew Bedford,
Mass.: Rome, N . Y .— Sales Offices in Principal Cities.
Listen to Exploring the Unknown on the Mutual N etw ork every Sunday evening, 9 to 9 :3 0 p.m ., EST.
10 • M A R C H 1 9 4 6 • CHEMICAL & METALLURGICAL ENGINEERING
T w o C l u e s
to Why A-Cs
Smooth-Running Electrifugal Pump is the Finest of its Kind!
CluG NO. 1:
O n e-p iece s h a f t carries m o to r-ro to r a n d p u m p - im p e lle r o n b a ll b e a rin g s— assures a lig n m e n t a n d sm o o th operatio n . C ast b ro n z e sleeve sh ield s it fro m liq u id b e in g p u m p e d .
COMPANY BUYS TOO
PUMPS
TO MOVE volatile liquids such as gasoline, kero sen e, naphtha from tank-car to storage tank, and into trucks—a large petroleum company depends on A-C Electrifugal Pumps.
Try-out of first 15 pumps was so successful (big test: surge-shock when valves snap sh u t!), 100 units were ordered, more later re-ordered.
Electrifugal Capacities: 15 to 1600 gpm—heads up to 500 feet.
SQUEEZE PLAY CUTS PUMP SPACE 33%
CLUE No. 2:
O n e-p iece iro n casting fo rm s m o to r yoke, th e b e a rin g h o u sin g , p u m p b rack et a n d feet— gives stability to en tire u n it. Saves 3 3 % space, lessens chance o f strain o n p a rts o r p ip in g .F
i n e e n g i n e e r i n gadds up to quality and value and that’s what Allis-Chalmers "Electrifugal” Pump now offers you! Entire unit is designed for efficient, depend
able service—gives you maximum protection against dan
gers of abnormal wear, leakage, corrosion, vibration. For further information call our nearby office, or write
A l l i s - C h a l m e r s , M i l w a u k e e 1, W i s c o n s i n . a ¡929H E A R TH E B O S T O N S Y M P H O N Y : E v e r y S a t u r d a y E v e n in g , A m e rica n B ro a d ca stin g C o .
How can we couple a pump and motor together better— to save space, provide stability, rigid alignment?
Electrifugal Design assures align
ment and smooth operation, cuts space 33% — 8 ives y°u greater pumping efficiency for your money!
ALLIS-CHALMERS PUMPS
CHEM ICAL & M ETALLU R G IC A L E N G IN EE R IN G ♦ M A R C H 1 9 4 6 • 11
i u M - t o t t â
f i f i s 1
■ R R iiw ÆXKSÊ
THE SECTIONAL
■: - : :: ■
M ADE UP OF
¡ P m m
STANDARD P A R T S If iiii :mnf- of.
• F i v e
lMp#:Sfoes
The w ords "N a tio n a l’’ and ",K arbate" are registered trade-m arks o f N a tio n a l Carbon Company, Inc.
N A T I O N A L C A R B O N * C O M P A N Y , I N C . U nit o f U nion Carbide a nd Carbon C orporation
General Offices: 30 East 42nd Street, N e w York 17, N . Y.
EM
D ivision Sales Offices: A tlanta, Chicago, D allas, Kansas City, N ew Y o rk ,P ittsb u rg h , San Francisco
H
ERE’S a cascade cooler that you can order from stock to suit your particular process needs. Its interchangeable sections make construction—and additions or subtractions—a quick and easy matter.
N ine-foot-long, single-pipe "K arbate” cooler sections are stacked to form a series flow vertical bank. T he compact joint construction makes pos
sible close pipe spacing, and ends the need for redistribution baffles. Also, no external supports are necessary. Maximum effective external areas:
about 120 sq. feet in all five pipe sizes in the m axi
mum recommended cooler height o f six feet.
Gaskets are of synthetic rubber or of asbestos com position, as desired. A standard steel water distrib
utor is mounted atop the steel tie rod assemblies.
Has m any uses! Made o f "Karbate” im pervious graphite material, the Sectional Cascade Cooler is ideal for efficient coolin g o f almost all acids, caustics, and organic solvents at pressures up to 75 lbs. p.s.i., and temperatures up to 338° F. W ith minor changes in applying the cooling water, gases w ell above this temperature can be handled.
For engineering details on this Sectional
"Karbate” Cascade Cooler, ask our nearest D iv i
sion Office for a copy o f B ulletin M-8807.
12 • M A R C H 1 9 4 6 • CHEMICAL & METALLURGICAL ENGINEERING
L I N K - B I O 8
is "TOPS" for Material-Handling Efficiency in Modern Food and Chemical Plants
| h e p h o to g ra p h s on th is p a g e show how L in k -B e lt B u lk -F lo is b ein g e m p lo y e d to m o v e free-flo w in g b u lk m a te ria ls fro m o n e p ro c e ssin g o p e ra tio n to a n o th e r, an d fro m o n e floor to a n o th e r, in a g re a t m id w e s te rn p la n t m a n u fa c tu rin g food g ra d e in o rg an ic salts. T h is in s ta lla tio n is ty p ic a l o f B u lk -F lo ’s flex ib ility a n d a d a p ta b ility to a v a s t ra n g e of m a te ria l-h a n d lin g p ro b le m s — w h e th e r larg e o r sm all, sim p le o r c o m p lic a te d in th e c h e m ic a l a n d fo o d in d u strie s.
B u lk -F lo p ro v id e s a safe, efficient, low -cost m e th o d o f m o v in g p ra c tic a lly a n y flow able g ra n u la r, c ru sh e d , g ro u n d o r p u lv e riz e d m a te ria l of n o n a b ra s iv e , n o n c o rro siv e n a tu re . I t co n v ey s m a te ria l in c o m p a rtm e n ts , h o riz o n ta lly , v e rtic a lly , on a n y sla n t, a ro u n d c o rn e rs — w h e re v e r it is n e c e ss a ry to m o v e th e m , e v e n acro ss th e ro o f (s e e p h o to a t b o tto m le f t) if d esired ! B u lk -F lo ’s g e n tle h a n d lin g k e e p s d e g ra d a tio n , b re a k a g e a n d d u stin g a t a m in im u m . -
A sk a L in k -B e lt M a te ria ls H a n d lin g E n g in e e r fo r su g g estio n s on B u lk -F lo a n d / o r o th e r ty p e s of h a n d lin g e q u ip m e n t fo r y o u r p l a n t M e a n w h ile , s e n d fo r c a ta lo g N o. 20 7 5 to d ay .
l i n k
-
b e l t c o m p a n yChicago 8, Indianapolis 6, Philadelphia 40 . Atlanta, Dallas 1, Minneapolis 5, San Francisco 24 , Los Angeles 33 . Seattle 4 , Toronto 8.
Offices in Principal Cities. 10,23a
L o o p ty p e B u lk - F lo r e c e iv in g s a lt m oved from dryer by screw conveyor.
T op (discharge) end of B ulk-Flo u n it M aterial is discharged through chute onto a vibrating screen.
A Few Bulk-Flo Features
1. Suitable for w ide range of capacities.
2 . Slow -speed operation; usually 30 to 60 feet per minute,
3 . Autom atic loading (w ith ou t feed ers) at one or several points.
4 . A utom atic discharge at one or more points on horizontal runs.
5 . O perates w ith partial or full load.
6 . D ust-tight casing; no annoying updraft
D ischarge end of Bulk-Flo, w hich dis
charges into storage hopper, w hich in tu rn discharges into dryer.
Loading end of L -path B ulk-Flo receiving m a
terial discharged from drum ty p e dryer.
>.
H o r iz o n ta l B u lk -F lo running across roof, car
rying m aterial from a b u c k e t e le v a to r in to tw o s e p a r a te s to ra g e ' f hoppers.
CHEMICAL & METALLURGICAL ENGINEERING • M A R C H 1 9 4 6 13
Both types of Raymond Roller Mills m ay be equipped with llash drying . . . a system of introducing heated air into the mill for removing surface moisture from m ateric's during the grinding process. This permits handling products containing moisture without the use of separate dryers . . . a great saving in time and equipment. Ask for Catalogs.
R n v m o n o P u l v e r i z e r D i v i s i o n
CO M BUSTIO N E N G IN E E R IN G C O M PA N Y, INC.
1311
North Branch Street C H I C A G O
2 2, I L LS a l e s O f f i c e s i n P r i n c i p a l C i t i e s ♦ • • In C a n a d a : C o m b u s t i o n E n g i n e e r i n g C o r p o r a t i o n , L t d . , M o n t r e a l
* M A R C H 1 9 4 6 • CHEMICAL & METALLURGICAL ENGINEERING
(tyem tcai and THcttenal Grinding
with RAYM O N D Roller Mills
P r e c is io n in p rod u ction and e c o n o m y in op eration are c h a r a cter istics o f R a y m o n d R o lle r M ills. F le x ib ilit y in fin en ess a d ju stm en t g iv es c lo se p rod u ct con trol . . . w h ile the m eth od of m a in tain in g a m a x im u m “lo a d ” on the m ill by m ea n s o f a p n eu m a tic fe ed con trol d e v ic e in su res “g e t
ting the m ost out of the m ill” at all tim es. T h e high ratio of tonnage p ro d u ced to h o r se -p o w e r co n su m ed is the rea so n w h y R a y m o n d “ ro ller m ill e c o n o m y ” h elp s to in c r e a se the profits o f in d u stry.
In the medium fine grinding range up to 100-mesh m ate
rials, the Low Side R oller M ill gives excellent results at minimum cost per ton of finished product. Specially adapted for reducing phosphate rock for acidulation, pulverizing lim estone for soil liming, bauxite and various chemicals.
F o r extrem ely fine and uniform products . . . up to 99.99% minus 325-mesh . . . the H igh Side R oller M ill w ith a single or double type w h izzer separator is recom
mended. It may be provided w ith a throw -out attachm ent for rejecting im purities and refining the product. Spe
cially adapted for pulverizing superfine chemicals, talc, pigments, fillers, plastics, and many manufactured products.
5M r S elected
y lo n g -s ta p le c om b ed W c o tto n , tig h tly w o ven in to a fa b ric o f e x c e p tio n a l strength.
T w o c o m p le te p lie s , b ia s c u t, w r a p p e d in o p p o s ite d irectio ns fo r
un bro ken p ro te c tio n H e a v ily im p re g n a te d w ith to u g h ,
* d u ra b le synthetic ru b b e r com - . p o u n d , cu re d in p re c i- j
sion molds.
HHr f T » w l T BBBm *IW f Æ B » i l R
W v m f W i * W i l a NFJ IfU 1 I f i I
I |Allis-Chalmers Builds Longer Life Into Famous TEXROPE V-Belts
A
V-Belt is no better than its COVER. And . . . TEXROPE Super-7 belts today carry the toughest, most wear-resistant cover that Allis-Chalmers has developed since they invented the Multiple V-Belt Drive! It's the result of 20 years of continuous research and improvement.This tough, resilient sheath is unbroken and unweakened by grooves or serrations. It takes the wear, holds the belt in shape, protects the load-carrying core structure.
Added Strength — Smoother, Cooler Running 50% Stronger Cords, impregnated with friction-fighting gum rubber. War-proved Buna-S, better, cooler-running than natural rubber. Perfect Balance, every belt accurately proportioned, pre
cision molded to run true and cool. Make Allis-Chalmers your V-Belt headquarters! A l l i s - C h a l m e r s , Milwaukee 1, Wisconsin.
A 2003
5 T Y P E S . . . W H I C H D O Y O U N E E D ? iTEXROPE offers you the most com
plete line of V-Belts — types special
l y developed to meet ALL operating conditions. Pick the right TEXROPE Super-7 V-Belt — it’ll give you the most in efficient power transmission.
H e a t-R e s is tin g S u p e r -7
Stands temperatures up to 180°. The TEXROPE V-Belt for most drives.
O il-R e s is tin g S u p e r -7
Neoprene cover protects core against moderately oily or greasy conditions.
O il-P r o o f S u p e r -7
Made of Neoprene throughout. Use it when the belt must swim in oil.
S ta tic -R e s is tin g S u p e r -7
Recommended where ex p lo sio n haz
ard exists. Static-conducting element throughout cover won’t wear off.
S u p e r -7 Steel
Twin steel cables, to pull extremely heavy loads w ith minimum stretch.
G ET T H E M — through your Allis- Chalmers district office o r dealer.
TEXROPE Super-7 V-Belts result from the co
operative research of two great companies— Allis- Chalmers and B. F. Goodrich — and are sold exclusively by A-C.
V -B E LTS TEXROPE com plete lino
— Sizes, types for every power transmission prob*
lem and condition.
ALLIS B CHALMERS
TEXROPE V-BELT DRIVES
O R I G I N A T O R S O F T H E M U L T I P L E V - B E L T D R I V E
SHEAVES
"M AGIC-GRIP” . . . T EX - STEEL . . . T EX D R IV E . . . S p eed c h a n g e r s a n d VAIU-PITCH sheaves.
H E A R TH E B O S T O N S Y M P H O N Y ; Every S a t u r d a y E v e n in g , A m e rica n B ro a d c a stin g C o .
CHEM ICA L & M ETALLURG ICAL E N G IN EE R IN G • M A R C H 1 9 4 6 •
n l y s i g h t ' „ a a m
f o r s t , p , a n 1 . >
8 0 -to n G -E d ie s e l-e le c tric s w itc h e s r a ilr o a d cars a n d h a u ls c h a rg in g b u g g ie s a t th is la r g e s teel m ill.
Y o u g e t t h e s e o u t s t a n d i n g a d v a n t a g e s f r o m a G - E d i e s e l - e l e c t r i c
A v a ila b ility is 90 p er cen t up! A G -E diesel-electric carries sufficient fuel for several d a y s ’ o p eratio n ; req u ires only periodic in sp ectio n s;
ru n s for long periods betw een o v er
hauls.
Starts on th e press o f a b u tto n ! N o tim e is. lo st in g e ttin g diesel- electric re a d y for w ork.
Sw itching is speeded u p b y diesel- elec tric’s fast, responsive o p eratio n . Burns a b o u t one gallon of fuel oil (5 to 8 c e n ts ’ w o rth ) to do th e sam e w ork for w hich a ste a m loco
m o tiv e req u ires 100 p o u n d s o f coal (12 to 30 c e n ts’ w o rth ).
M a in te n a n c e is g reatly sim pli
fied because diesel-electric h as no boiler, firebox, n o r h e a v y recipro
c atin g p a rts.
Engine house expense is m ini
m ized b ecause diesel-electric re q uires no fire cleaning, ash h a n dling, w aterin g n o r w atch in g . Bridge and building m ain te
nance is lessened, because diesel- e lectric's ex h a u st is clean.
Track m a in te n a n c e is reduced, b ecause o f th e sm o o th to rq u e an d th e s h o rt w heelbase o f th e diesel- electric.
G-E d iesel-electrics often re
tu r n 20 to 30 per c e n t a n n u a lly on th e ir p u rch ase price.
A standard line delivery — low cost
16 • M A R C H 1 9 4 6 • CHEMICAL & METALLURGICAL ENGINEERING CHEMICAL & METALLURGICAL ENGINEERING •
NiSht and
> a veelc
the other d* 006 ^ u i 8 uy °n ^ e ' j o b 0 f ° ~ t o n k-E di
d o e s g e n e r a l ^ g i e s f o r ' a t a l e s e 1 “
h e t c h i n g ° r ° Pen h e ^ th 2 , ^
duty for 1/S years , • i c e for i /
t h f P e c t i °n aj>ri °nhy e l f f d Feara +h
®c °n om iC a l^ ^ 7e Paid 0f ^ 5 n ten an ce . a ¿ n t h
° » t h e 3 , , ^ ths
m t c t i * ! ' ' tr a c ;-a , e "
b“ S S i e s ^ : A *"4 th e y to n s i f 06 d l^ e l . el
I f ‘ B P * * g r a l e 5 0 0 - t ° n t r f j “ 1 ' “ ' (T ai’d t : r i c s
® h % h t W a n t h o c i a l o ° 5 6 r « « ° f
S o 't r 6 9 « l ,? 2 nt * e r ° i s ? g A “ c a ? a b le o r W ,
® - t o n ” % » • h eavy
c o n t r o l h o |a b le l i ? * 000“ * * * .
* * ooonony a v a i l J o p e r a t io n .
O f y 0 œ .
r o i » V O » . t i e e ia e o f a w , T e-i>ovw
e I e c t r i Cs
T h e S H A f l P L E S C o r p o r a t io n
C E N T R I F U G A L A N D P R O C E S S E N G I N E E R S
2 3 0 0 W E S T M O R E L A N D S T R E E T • P H I L A D E L P H I A 4 0 • P E N N A . LO N D O N • P A R IS • N EW Y O R K » B O S T O N • P IT T S B U R G H • C L E V E L A N D DETRO IT • CH IC A G O • D A LLA S • SEA TTLE • SAN FRAN C ISC O • LO S ANGELES
“ That Is not clear. W hy? . ., . There is some foreign m atter in i t . . . some m atter th at w e do not w a n t . . . GET IT O U T!
G ra v ity Settling is T O O s lo w . . . and all too often it is INCOMPLETE.
Use C entrifugal Force . . . it is FAST . . . it breaks stubborn m ixtures.
Sharpies C entrifugal Force has a p o w e r 1 3 ,0 0 0 tim es g reater th a n g ra v ity .
Get Sharpies . . . and y o u 'll get not o n ly scientifically designed and p recisio n -m ad e eq u ip m en t . . . but w h a t is even more im p o rtan t, you w ill get the benefit of m ore than 3 0 years C entrifugal Process Experience.
If you h a ve a C LA R IF IC A TIO N PROBLEM . . . put it up to S harpies.”
18 M A R C H 1 9 4 6 • CHEMICAL & METALLURGICAL ENGINEERING
ADVF.PTISEMENT—T/iw entire page is a paid advertisement. Prepared Monthly by U. S. IndustriaJ Chemicals, Inc.
U S 1 C H E M I C A I . N E W S
March A Monthly Series for Chemists and Executives of the Solvents and Chemical Consuming Industries * 1916
E tliyl A cetoacetate E m ployed W idely in
M edicinal Syntheses
Used for A ntim alarials, V itam in B ,, A ntipyretics and Am ino Acids Ethyl acetoacetate (acetoacetic ester) is playing an increasingly important role in the nation’s health program. It is a vital inter
mediate in the manufacture of many of medi
cal science’s “wonder-working” therapeutics.
Among the pharmaceuticals produced with the aid of this versatile compound are “SN 7618” and other antimalarials, leucine and other amino acids, antipyrine and other anti
pyretics, and thiamin hydrochloride (Vitamin B,). In many of these syntheses, the ethyl acetoacetate Is first converted to the sodium salt by means of another U.S.I. product, so
dium elhoxide. , . A n tim a la ria ls
Steadily increasing tonnages of ethyl aceto
acetate are now being consumed in the manu
facture of war-developed quinine substitutes such as atebrin and plasmoquin. Both these compounds have the same radical, 4-diethyl- amino-l-methyl-2-butvlamino, attached to 3- chlori>-7-methoxyacridone and methoxyquino- line, respectively. The first step in the forma
tion of this radical is the condensation of ethyl acetoacetate with ethylene oxide.
Another antimalarial, 7-chloro-4-(4-diethyl- amino-l-methyl-2-butylamino) quinoline has recently been developed by U. S. scientists.
Known as “ SN 7618,” it is claimed to be su
perior to quinine and all known quinine sub
stitutes. In the manufacture of this compound, acetoacetic ester is employed in the synthesis of U.S.I.'s noval ketone (5-diethylamino-2- pentanone). This compound is vital in the ad
dition of the side chain to the basic 4-amino- quinoline nucleus.
V itam in B,
In the synthesis of thiamin, ethyl sodium acetoacetate is reacted with ethylene oxide to give alpha - acetyl-gamma - butyrolactone.
From this compound, either 4-methyl-5-beta- hydroxycthyl thiazide, or 2-methyl-2-ethoxy-3- ehlorotetrahydrofurane is prepared. These are condensed with 2-melhyl-4-amino-5-halogeno- methyl-pyrimidine and 2-methyl-4-amino-5- thioformylaminomethyl - pyrimidine, respec
tively to give vitamin B,.
A m ino Acids
Alpha-aminohutyric acid, norvaline, nor- leucine, aspartic acid, glutamic acid, phenylal-
{ Ccm tinued on n ext page)
M a n u f a c t u r in g V it a m in B; ta b le ts . T h e v ita m in , syn th e s ize d b y th e use o f e th y l a c e to a c e ta te , Is p ro d u ced as a w h it e p o w d e r . M e a s u r e d am o u n ts a r e th e n m ix e d w it h in e r t fille rs a n d fe d to th e ta b le tt in g m a c h in e s .
Extensive Expansion Program Ready to Be Launched by U.S.I.
M anufacturing Facilities F or Insecticides, Chemicals,
Resins to Be E nlarged; New Research L aboratory Projected
Plans to launch an extensive program for the expansion of its manufacturing and research facilities, which will cost not less than 37,500,000, has been announced by U. S. Industrial Chemicals, Inc. The proposed program sontemplates the construction of additional manufacturing
THE M O N TH IN MEDICINE
A n e w a n t i-b io t ic is s a id to b e e ffe c tiv e a g a in s t tu b ercu lo sis in v itro . . . P o ly - sacch o rid es p ro v id e im m u n iz a tio n a g a in s t fo u r o f th e th ir t y - th r e e ty p es o f p n e u m o n ia . . . C a rb o n 1 3 th ro w s n e w lig h t on m e ta b o lic p ro b le m s . . . A n e w sy n th e tic a n t i - s p a s m o d ic p ro m o tes p a s s a g e o f k id n e y stones . . . A casein h y d ro ly z a te is s a id to bo s u p e rio r to p la s m a fo r su rg ic a l shock . . . A n e w ch e m ical a id s In th e r e lie f o f m ig r a in e a n d a s th m a . . . W h o le b lo o d is p re s e rv e d fo r th ir t y d a y s w it h th e a id o f t w o r a d io a c tiv e isotopes o f iron . . . O n e c a n c e r-in c ite r is id e n tifie d as a la r g e m o le c u la r w e ig h t p ro te in . . . U n p le a s a n t odors fro m w o u n d s a r e p re v e n te d b y d ilu te solutio ns o f b ro m in e . . . V a rie tie s o f p e n ic illin a r e c la rifie d on th e bas is o f ch e m ic a l structures . . . C a ffe in e is e x o n e r
a te d as th e cau se o f p e p tic ulcers.
P roduces Insoluble
Cellulose D erivatives
The preparation of an insoluble cellulose derivative suitable for molding or extruding is described in a recent British patent. The first manufacturing stage, according to the claims made in the patent, consists of dis
solving a partly acetylated cellulose in acetone and treating with a monomeric crystalline polyalkoxymethylmclamine such as N,N’,N"- tris-(ethoxymethyl)-melamine.
A film of the material is then cast on a glass plate. After drying, it is stripped from the glass and heated for several days at tem
peratures ranging between 65 degrees C. and 160 degrees C. This produces a film insoluble in acetone. Threads insoluble in solvents are made similarly by extrusion.
New P rocess R eclaim s Cured Synthetic R ubbers
Vulcanized rubber-like products formed by the eopolymerization of butadiene with sty
rene or aeryhmitrile can be regenerated by a method described in a recently issued patent.
The method consists of comminuting the syn
thetic rubber, then treating it with a coal tar oil and a monohydric aliphatic alcohol. Ethyl, butyl, or oropyl alcohol'may be employed.
capacity at Baltimore, Maryland and Newark, New Jersey and enlargement of »he Dodge ft Olcott plants at Bayonne, New Jersey. The plan also contemplates participation in the construction of one or more plants for the commercialization of processes of Petroleum Chemicals, Inc.
Another significant feature of the program will be the construction of new, enlarged re
search laboratories at Stamford, Connecticut.
It is contemplated that the U.S.I. plants at Baltimore and Newark will manufacture the company’s growing line of synthetic resins together with a wide variety of industrial chemicals. The activities of Dodge ft Olcott, Inc., wholly owned subsidiary uf U.S.I., will be greatly expanded in the insecticide field.
R u bber M old Lubricant
A lubricant mixture for molds used in molding rubber is described in a recent patent.
The mixture, claimed to clean as weU as lubricate, contains trisodium phosphate, T ur
key red oil, pine oil, an alkali metal water soluble soap, gum arabic mucilage and water.
W ool R ecovery P rocess Claimed in N ew P atent
Wool can be recovered from textile mate
rials containing a mixture of wool and .cellu
lose acetate fibers, according to the claims made in a recently granted patent. The seper- ation is accomplished by first immersing the textile material in a bath »onhiming water, ethyl alcohol, sulphuric acid, and hydrochloric acid until penetration of the cellulose acetate fibers is effected. The fibers are then dried and baked at high temperatures. The cellulose acetate fibers carbonize under this treatment, but the wool fibers are unaffected.
A n e w p a te n te d process m a k e s p o s s ib le th e r e c la m a tio n o f w o o l in w o o l- a n d - t o x t ile m ix tu res. R e c la im e d w o o l can b e t r e r t e d in m uch th e s a m e m a n n e r as v irg in w o o l. H e re , th e w o o l is c o m b e d p r io r to le n g th e n in g a n d r o llin g .
A D V E R T IS E M E N T — This entire page is a paid advertisem ent.
- * U.S.I.CHEMICAL NEWS
E thyl A cetoacetate
(Continued fro m preceding page)
anine, and ortho-methyltyrosine are some of the amino acids prepared by the following process. Substituted acetoacetic esters are first dissolved in 80% sulphuric acid, then treated with butyl nitrite. This produces alpha- oximino esters, which, upon reduction, yield the amino acids or their esters.
Another method for the synthesis of amino acids involves the condensation of aromatic diazo compounds with compounds of the alkylacetoacctic ester type. By means of this reaction, alanine, valine, leucine, isoleucine, and phenylalanine have been produced.
A n tip y retics
Among the principal antipyretics synthe
sized from ethyl acetoacetate are antipyrine, and aminopyrine. In the manufacture of anti
pyrine, for example, acetoacetic ester is used in the formation of 3-methyl-l-phenylpyrazo- lone. This is accomplished by heating the ester with phenylhydrazine. Upon treatment of the pyrazolone with methyl iodide and methyl al
cohol, antipyrine (2,3-dimethyl-l-phenylpyra- zolone) is formed.
O th e r Uses
Ethyl acetoacetate is also used in substaffî tial quantities in the manufacture of dyes o'fÿ the pyrazolone, benzidine and Hansa yellow groups. In addition, the structure of this com
pound makes possible a wide variety of end products. Because of the reactivity of hydro
gen on the carbon adjacent to the COOCJIs group, hydrogen substitution at this point can lead to the introduction of such groups as halogen, metal, acyl and alkyl radicals. In addition, these end products have a tendency to close into various ring structures.
This is th e a d u lt f e m a le A n o p h e le s q u a d r i- m a c u la tu s , o n e o f th e th re e d a n g e ro u s ty p e s o f m a la r ia - c a r r y in g m o s q u ito e s in th e U n ite d S ta te s . A n t lm a la r la ls , m a d e w it h e th y l a c e to a c e ta te as a n in te rm e d ia t e , a r c h e lp in g to com b a t th e d r e a d d is e a s e it c a rrie s .
E thyl Oxalate M inim izes M etal Bearing C orrosion
Recent research work carried out in India indicates that the incorporation of small amounts of oxalic acid or ethyl oxalate in blends of vegetable and mineral oils inhibits the corrosion of metallic bearings. These com
pounds act specifically by preventing the oxidation products of the lubricants from attacking the bearings. It is believed that this is accomplished by the formation of a thin protective film of oxalate on the metal. A mixture of ethyl oxalate and an antioxidant, such as alpha-naphthol, is said to inhibit both the oxidation of the oil and the corrosive action on the bearings.
New P rocess L engthens Slxelf-Life o f B acon
The use of antioxidants lengthens the time before bacon becomes rancid, according to a recently published technical paper. The proc
ess is based on the newly discovered principle that rancidity is caused by the formation of peroxides on the surface of the meat. Anti
oxidants, such as the following, successfully retard the development of these peroxides:
nordihydroguairetic acid (NDGA), d-isoas- corbyl palmitate, soybean lecithin, mixed toco- pherols, and gossypol.
Plant H orm one Is Boon to Hay Fever Victim s
A plant hormone which destroys ragweed, the plant responsible for 90 per cent of the country’s hay fever, will soon go into large scale production, according to a recent gov
ernment announcement. Known as 2,4-di- chlorophcnoxvacetic acid, this compound also kills common lawn weeds, such as dandelion, morning glory, thistle, and burdock without harming ordinary grass.
In a d d itio n , 2,4-dich lo ro p h en o x y acetic acid, ripens bananas after they are picked, hastens the ripening of green apples, pears and other fruits, and makes apples cling to the tree longer than usual at harvest time.
The hormone also can rid wheat fields of weeds without harming the grain, but it is deadly to cotton and some other crops.
T E C H N IC A L D E V E L O P M E N T S
Further information on these items may be obtained by writing to U.S.J.
A n e w d eg rea ser, sa id to contain no a b r a siv es, is recom m ended b y the m anufacturer for rem ov
ing g r e a se from g la z e d surfaces w h ich m ight be harm ed b y scouring or scrubbing. It is claim ed to be particularly effective on d ish es, g la s se s , w in d o w s, pots, p a n s, a nd w oodw ork. (No. 042)
USI
To join porous w ith non-porou3 surfaces, two n ew p la stic cem ents h a v e b e e n d e v e lo p e d w h ich are d escrib ed a s forming a perm anent bond b y the ap p lication of h e a t a n d pressure. (No. 043)
USI
A n artificial lea th er, s a id to resem ble gen u in e lea th er in m an y resp ects including w orkability, e y e-a p p e a l, a nd flexibility, h a s b e e n an n ounced.
It is sa id to b e su ita b le for the m anufacture of electric razor c a se s , portable radios a n d Record p la y e r c a se s , silv e rw a r e c a se s , picture fram es,
a nd sim ilar item s. (No. 044)
USI
A n e w w ater-purifying d e v ic e , claim ed to oper
a te w ithout h eat, ch em ica ls, or electricity, is stated to produce 5 to 15 g a llo n s of mineral-free
w ater per hour. (No. 045)
USI
A n e w w a ter-w a sh com pound for sp ra y booth w a te r curtains is sa id to prevent the accu m u la
tion of lim e s c a le , a n d to act a s a defiocculator in d isp ersin g pigm en ts. (No. 046)
USI
A bright dip formula, sa id to elim in ate hazards present in con ven tion al sulphuric a n d nitric acid dip s, is claim ed to be e a s y to prepare, harm less to the skin, a n d free of offen sive fum es.
(No. 047) USI
A n e w d e s c a lin g a g e n t qu ickly lo o sen s a n d d is
lo d g e s s c a le from evaporator tubes a n d coils, a c cording. to the manufacturer. It is claim ed to be harm less to boiler m etals, construction m aterials,
and p erson s. (No. 048)
USI
To record h ig h tem peratures, a n e w typ e ther
mom eter is d e sig n e d to c h a n g e color e v er y 25 d e g r ee s from 500°C. to 900°C. M ade of a sp ecia l a llo y , it is sa id to b e particularly u sefu l , in g a s turbines and sim ilar equipm ent. (No. 049)
USI
A h a n d fire extingu ish er w ith a carryin g h an d le a nd control button for fast operation h a s been a nn ounced . It is described a s contain ing four
pounds of carbon dioxide. (No. 050)
USI
A non-slip surface coverin g is describ ed a s a w eatherproof fabric coated w ith a n extrem ely hard granular m aterial w hich bites through oil, rea se, mud, and w a ter to provide sure footing, h e covering is sa id to b e e a sily a p p lied to a n y c le a n surface b y a s p e c ia l a d h esiv e . (No. 051)
USI
An all-purpose so a p le ss clea n er, claim ed to be entirely so lu b le a n d to contain no a b r a siv e, is sa id to sud instan tly in hard, soft or s e a w ater.
USI (No. 052)
U .S .I N D U S T R I A L C H E M I C A L S , I N C .
6 0 E A ST 4 2 N D ST., NEW YORK 17 , N . Y.
(usi)
BRANCHES IN A U PRINCIPAL CITIESA L C O H O L S A m y l A lco h o l
Butanol (Normal Butyl Alcohol'.
Fusel Oil—Refined Ethanol (E th y l A lc o h o l)
Specially Denatured—al’ 'egu'ar and anhydrous fo rm yJas Completely Denaturec—ail- -ea.'*'
and anhydrous formulas Pure—190 proof, C.P. 96CF,
Absolute
•Super Pyro Ant!-free:e
‘Solox Prop'-ietary Solvent
*AN$OLS Ansol M Ansci PR
•Registered Trade
A C E T IC ESTERS Amyl Acetate Bjtyl Acetate Em*: Acetate O X A L IC ESTERS
D-butyl Oxala.e D ethyl Oxe!ate
P H T H A L IC ESTERS D:amyl Pnthalate Dibutyl Phthalate Diethyl Phthalate O TH E R ESTERS
•Diatol
Diethyl Carbonate Ethyi Choloroformate Ethyl Formate Mark
IN T E R M ED IA T ES Acetoacetanilide Acetoacet-ortho-anisidide Aceroacet-prthc-chloranilide Acetoacet-ortho-toluidide Acetoacet-para-chloranilioe Aloha •acetylbutyrolactone
5-Ch!orc-2-pentanone 5-Diethvlam;no-2-pentanone Ethyl Acetoacetate Ethyl Benrovlacetate
£thvi Alpha-Oxalpropionate Ethvl Sod*um Oxalacetate Methyl Cyclopropyl Ketone ETHERS
Ethyl Ether
Ethyl Ether Absolute—A.C.S.
FEED C O N C E N T R A T E S
*Curbay 8-G
‘Curbay Special Licuid
•Vacatone 40 A C E T O N E
C"e~ ;callv Pure R ESINS
Este> Gum*—all types
Congo Gums—raw, fused & esterified
"Aroplaz—aUyds and allied materials'
‘ Arofene—pure phenplics
•Arocherr—modified types Natural Resins—all standard graces
O T H E R PR O D UC TS
Collodions Ethylene
Ethylene Glycol Urethan
Nitrocellulose Solutions
Printed in U.S.A.
DAYTON 1, OHIO, U.S.A.
THE DURIRON COMPANY, Inc.
D o Y o u r A c id V a l v e s N e e d C o a x in g
L e t D u rco V a lv e s H elp Y o u E -a -s -i-I-y
R e g u l a t e
mr o VAivm
B CO RR O SIO N RESISTING I ALLOYS8 . E Q U IP M E N T
CHEMICAL & METALLURGICAL ENGINEERING • M A R C H 19 4 6 • 21
TEXROPE
fiSSH“ M A G IC -G R IP ”
... Fastest Mounting Sheave Ever M ade!
Saves m anhours... this improved sheave with
"Magic-Grip” bushing comes completely as
sembled. You slide it on the shaft to exact position, tighten three cap screws — and it grips like magic. N o filing or scraping, no hammering. And it comes off just as easily!
More advantages: "M agic-G rip” sheave mounts close to the motor. Less overhang,
less vibration, less strain on bearings. Clamp f t can’t damage shaft. N o wobble, shear or backlash.
You get these advantages without increase in prices! See "Magic-Grip” sheaves — at your nearest A-C district office or dealer. For literature, write to
Al l i s- Ch a l m e r s,Mil
waukee 1, Wisconsin.
a 2004V-BELTS TEXROPE complete line
— Sizes, types for every
f
>ower transmission prob- em and condition.ALLIS # CHALMERS
TEXROPE V-BELT DRIVES
O R I G I N A T O R S O F T H E M U L T I P L E V - B E L T D R I V E
SHEAVES
“ MAGIC-GRIP” . . . TEX - STEEL . . . TEXDRIVE . . . S p eed ch a n g e r s a n d VARI-PITCH sheaves.
H E A R THE B O S T O N S Y M P H O N Y : E very S a tu r d a y E v e n in g , A m e rica n B ro a d ca stin g C o .
2 2 • M A R C H 1 9 4 6 • CHEM ICA L & M ETALLURG ICAL E N G IN EE R IN G
