Chemical & Metallurgical Engineering, Vol. 53, No. 5

I

MAY 1 9 4 6

S. D. K I R K P A T R IC K ... E d ito r TAMES A. L E E ...M an a g in g E d ito r TH E O D O R E R. O L I V E . . . . .A sso cia te E ditor HENRY M. B A T T E R S ...M a r k e t E d ito r LESTER B. P O P E . . . ... A ssista n t E d ito r R IC H A R D W . P O R T E R ... A ss ista n t E d ito r EDM OND C. F E T T E R ... A s s ista n t E d ito r R ICH ARD F . W A R R E N ___ A s s ista n t E d ito r

E D IT O R IA L R E P R E S E N T A T I V E S JO H N R. C A L L A H A M ..S a n Francisco J. V. H IG H T O W E R ... W ashington .E A R L E M A U L D I N ... A tla n ta R. S. M c B R ID E ...W ashington E. S. S T A T E L E R ... Chicago M. A. W I L L I A M S O N . ... Publisher

D IS T R IC T M A N A G E R S

E. H. B E D E L L ... N e w York R. G F R E D E R I C K ; N e w Y ork FR ED G R A N T ...CUcveland L. A. C U N N I N G H A M ... Chicago W. D. B O Y D ... Boston E. M. S C IIE L L E N G E R Philadelphia

Published m onthly. P ric e 35 cents p er copy.

Publication office, 99*129 N o rth B roadw ay, Albany 1, N. Y. A d d re ss com m unications about subscriptions to J . E . B lack b u rn Jr.', V ice-President (f o r circ u la tio n o p eratio n s), Chem. & M et. S u b scrip tio n ra te s — U nited States, and possessions: $3 p e r y ear, $4 fo r two years, $5 for th re e y e a rs ; C an a d a : $4 per year,

$6 for two y ears, $8 fo r th re e y e ars (payable in Canadian f u n d s ) ; P a n A m erican co u n tries

$5 for one y ear, $8 fo r tw o y ears, $10 for three y e a rs; A ll o th er co u n tries, $15 p e r year,

$30 for th re e y ears. P lease indicate position and company connection on all subscription orders. E n tered as second class m a tte r Septem ­ ber 3, 1936, a t P o st Office a t A lb an y , N . Y., U .S.A . u n d e r act of M arch 3, 1879. C opyright 1946 by M cG raw -H ill P u b lish in g Com pany, Inc.

■~-all rig h ts reserv ed . B ran ch offices: 520 North M ichigan A venue, Chicago 11; 68 P o st Street, San F ran cisco 4 ; A ldw ych H ouse, Ald- wych, London, W . C. 2 ; W ash in g to n 4 ; P h ila ­ delphia 2 ; C leveland 15: D e tro it 26; St. Louis 8; Boston 16; Los A ngeles 14: A tla n ta 3 ; Pittsburgh 22.

R etu rn P o stag e G u aran teed

M c G R A W -H IL L P U B L I S H I N G C O ., IN C .

JA M E S I I . M cG R A W Fo u n d e r an d H o n o ra ry C hairm an.

Publication Office

99-129 N o rth B roadw ay, A lb an y 1, N . Y . Editorial a n d E xecutive Offices

330 W est 42nd S tree t, N ew Y ork 18, N . Y . J A M E S H . M cG R A W , J r ., P re sid e n t; C U R ­ T I S W . M cG R A W , S e n io r V ice-P resident and T reasurer; H O W A R D E H R L I C H , V ice-P resi­

dent and G eneral B u sin e ss M a n a g e r; E U G E N E D U F F I E L D , E d ito ria l A ss ista n t to the P re si­

d en t; J O S E P H A. G E R A R D I, Secretary;-'***.

J: E. B L A C K B U R N , J r ., Vice-P resident (fo r circulation o p eratio n s).

-"M ember A .B .P . M em ber A .B .C.

Cable A d d ress M c G R A W H IL L New York

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E D IT O R IA L f o r e w o r d

B leach in g T allow W ith S o d iu m C h lo r ite ...

By J . B. T U T T L E a n d E . R . W O O D W A R D

S olvents Face D ifficult E x p a n sio n P r o b le m s ...

By J . G . P A R K

How C hem ical E n g in e e rs Can Use S tatistical M ethods

By E . I . ST E A R N S

H y d ro g en by th e S team -H y d ro carb o n P rocess j D ev elo p m en ts on th e N u clear F ro n t

E D IT O R IA L S T A F F SU M M A R Y

A u to x id atio n P rocess fo r S u lp h u ric Acid a n d 'S u lp h a te P ro d u c tio n

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C hem ical E n g in e e rin g C oncept in S teel In d u s try ...

By r. e. z i m m e r m a n;

B rita in ’s F e rtiliz e r I n d u s tr y ...

P ra c tic a l M ethods Used f o r D ust D isposal

Bv C . C . H E R M A N N | /

E stim a tin g Best O u tp u t a n d F u e l R ates o f W et F eed L im e K ilns

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H ig h T est H y d ro g en P e ro x id e .

F u tu r e O u tlo o k fo r P lastic M ateria ls S u p p ly S itu atio n

By Wr. S . LA N D E S

C lient. & M et. P la n t N otebook

M ark et R esearch S y m posium f o r J u n io r C h em ical E n g in e e rs

A CHEAT. & M E T . R E P O R T

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Fo r e i g n Ne w s ... ...

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148 C o n v e n t i o n P a p e r s ...

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181 B o o k R e v i e w s ...

182 G o v e r n m e n t P u b l i c a t i o n s ---

192 M a n u f a c t u r e r s ’ P u b l i c a t i o n s

198 E c o n o m i c s ... ...

214 P r o d u c t i o n T r e n d s ...

224 P r o d u c t i o n D a t a ...

231 P r i c e s ... ...

239 N e w C o n s t r u c t i o n ...

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P E T R O L E U M CH EM ICA L G E N E R A L P IP IN G S H IP B U IL D IN G P O W E R E Q U IP M E N T

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o m p a c t n e s s a n d fle x ib ility a r e b u ilt in t o p ip in g in s ta lla ­ tio n s w h e re p ip e is jo in e d w ith T u b e - T u r n w e ld in g fit­

tin g s. C eilin g m o u n te d p ip e a n d s tre a m lin e d e x p a n sio n loops, fo r e x a m p le , a r e c o n s tr u c te d w ith o n ly p la in b u t t w eld s in n e a rly a ll cases. T u b e - T u m elb o w s a n d r e tu r n s c a n be c u t to o d d a n g le t u r n s b e c a u se o f t h e i r u n ifo rm w a ll th ic k n e ss.

C lo se -n e ste d , p e r m a n e n tly le a k p r o o f p ip in g s y s te m s a re f u r th e r a s s u re d b y t h e d im e n s io n a l a c c u ra c y o f T u b e - T u r n w e ld in g fittin g s . T h i s a c c u ra c y p e r m its in s ta llin g a n y p ip e lin e a c c o rd in g t o d e sig n w ith o u t m a k in g allo w a n c e s fo r v a r i­

a tio n s in in d iv id u a l fittin g s . A ll T u b e - T u r n fittin g s o f t h e sa m e p a r t n u m b e r a r e id e n tic a l in a ll d im e n sio n s. W h a te v e r y o u r fittin g s re q u ire m e n t, fro m o n e -h a lf in c h to 3 0 in c h e s ,

c h o o se q u a lity - c o n tro lle d T u b e - T u r n w e ld in g fittin g s fo r u n i­

fo rm w a ll th ic k n e s s , s m o o th in n e r w all, c lo s e -k n it g ra in s tr u c tu r e , fre e d o m fro m in h e r e n t s tra in s .

C o n s u lt y o u r fa v o r ite p ip in g a u th o r it y a n d see y o u r T u b e T u r n s d is tr ib u to r . F o r m o re in f o rm a tio n o n s u p e rio r T u b e - T u r n w e ld in g fittin g s a n d p a c e -s e ttin g in s ta lla tio n s in m a n y in d u s trie s , w r ite fo r C a ta lo g 111.

S e le c t e d T u b e T u r n s D is trib u to rs In e v e r y p r in c ip a l c ity a r e r e a d y t o s e r v e y o u fr o m t h e ir c o m p le t e s to c k s.

T U B E T U R N S ( in c .) Louisville 1, K en tu ck y . B ranch O ffic e s : N e w Y o rk , W ash in g to n , D . C ., P h ila d e lp h ia , Pittsburgh, C le v e la n d , D etro it, C h ic a g o , Houston, S a n Fran cisco , S e a tt le , Los A n g e le s.

T u b e

TRAHI MAS*

-T u r n

Welding Fittings an d Flanges

4 • M A Y 1 9 4 6 • CHEM ICA L & M ETA LLU RG ICA L E N G IN EE R IN G

w m m

To M a k e T E X R O P E V-Belts Run Longer

TEXROPE Super-7 Belts ...S elect the one you need

H e a l- R e s is lin g S u p e r-7

Stands temperatures up to 180°. The TEXROPE V-Belt for most drives.

O il-R e s is tin g S u p e r-7

Neoprene cover protects core against moderately oily or greasy conditions.

O il- P ro o f S u p e r-7

Made of Neoprene throughout. Use it when the belt must swim in oil.

S ta tic -R e sistin g S u p e r-7

Recommended w h ere ex p lo sio n haz­

ard exists. Static-conducting element throughout cover w on't wear off.

S u p e r-7 S teel

Twin steel cables, to pull extremely heavy loads w ith minimum stretch.

G ET T H E M — through your Allis- Chalmers district office o r dealer.

TEXROPE Super-7 V-Belts result from the co-opera- npanies— Allis-Chalmers -a n d arc sold exclusively by A-C.J tive research of tw o great companies— Allis-<

and B. F. G o o d rich - ’ *

ALLIS @ CHALMERS

TEXROPE V-BELT DRIVES

CHEM ICAL & M ETA LLU RG ICA L E N G IN E E R IN G • M A Y 19 4 6

E M B O D I E S N O M E T A L L I C M O V I N G PAJHTS

View above shows simplified parts assembly of Grove ChexFlo Valves consisting of: 1. Valve Body, 2. Flexible Synthetic Rubber Tube, 3 . Slot­

ted Cup-shaped Core, 4. Flange Closure

* Positive Bubble-tight shut-off

* Instantaneous in Operation

* Closes on Balanced Flow

* Avoids Pressure Impulses

* Self-compensating for W ear

* Requires no Maintenance

* Silent in Operation

C ontrasted to ord in ary check valves th e G ro v e C h ex ­ Flo em ploys n o m etallic m o v in g parts. O p e ra tio n is effected by m eans o f a synth etic ru b b e r tu b e w hich expands to o p e n a n d contracts to close o v er a slo tte d cup-shaped m etal core. U n ifo rm an d co n stan t sp rin g rate o f th e flexible tu b e sets up n o inertia to cause operation in excess o f flow requirem ents. T ube closes instantly o n balanced flow p rio r to in c e p tio n o f back flow. T h is elim inates any tendency to establish p res­

sure im pulses, sh o ck o r w ater h am m er in flow line.

For full details w rite fo r B ulletin 6 1 0 today.

M O D E L 6 0

k \ / A I * ™

a i n u

G R O V E R E G U L A T O R C O M P A N Y

6 5 th & G R E E N S T R E E T , O A K L A N D 8, C A L IF O R N IA • E a s te r n S a le s a n d E x p o rt O f f ic e : 3 0 R o c k e fe lle r P la x a , N e w Y o r k C it y F a c t o r y B r a n c h e s : 108 P o rtw o o d , H o u sto n , T e x a s • 1 9 3 0 W est. O ly m p ic B o u le v a r d , kos A n g e le s 6, C a l.f o r n .a

M A Y 1 9 4 6 • C H EM IC A L & M ETA LLU R G IC A L E N G IN E E R IN G

L in k -B e lt W o rm G e a r R e d u c e r s a r e s u ite d to h ig h ra tio re d u c tio n s , w ith h o riz o n ta l o r v e rtic a l o u tp u t s a s.

C o m p a c tn e ss, e x tr e m e sim p lic ity , fle x ib ility o a rra n g e - m e n t a n d s m o o th , q u ie t tra n s m is s io n o f p o w e r a r c am o n g th e a d v a n ta g e s o f t h e w o rm tra n s m is s io n gears. e ai in B o o k N o . 1824.

A L i n k - B e l t p o w e r t r a n s m i s s i o n e n g i n e e r h a s n o o n e ’s a x e t o g r i n d — e x c e p t h is c u s t o m e r ’s. N o t c o n ­ fin e d b y a l i m i t e d l i n e — h e c a n r e c o m m e n d t h e t y p e o f s p e e d r e d u c e r o r s p e e d c h a n g e r — t h e t y p e o f b e a r i n g — t h e t y p e o f c h a i n d r i v e — t h e e x a c t p o w e r tr a n s m i s s i o n u n i t s b e s t s u i t e d t o h is c u s t o m e r ’s n e e d s . L i n k - B e l t e n g i n e e r i n g a d v i c e o n y o u r p o w e r t r a n s m i s s i o n p r o b l e m s i s c o m p l e t e l y u n b i a s e d . T h e r e is n o r e a s o n f o r i t t o b e o th e r w i s e .

L I N K - B E L T C O M P A N Y

C hicago 9, In d ia n a p o lis 6, P h ila d e lp h ia 4 0 , A tla n ta , D allas 1, M in ­ neapolis 5, San Francisco 24 , L os A ngeles 33 , S e a ttle 4, T o ro n to 8.

Offices, F a c to ry B ra n ch S to res a n d D istrib u to rs m P rin cip al C ities.

10214

U N K - B £ L T jm ^ m ,

MOTORIZED^

HELICAL

SPEED REDUCERS

L I N K - B E L T

H e r r in g b o n e G e a r R e d u c e rs , fo r lo w a n d m e d iu m sp eed s, h e a v v -d u ty a p p lic a tio n s w h e re la rg e re d u c tio n s a re n e e d e d , a n d sh o c k lo a d s a r e e n c o u n te re d . M a d e in sin g le, d o u b le a n d tr ip l e re d u c tio n s . C o m p le te d e ta ils in D a ta B o o k 1519-A

• A n y i n d u s t r i a l a p p l i c a t i o n f o r a s p e e d r e d u c e r c a n b e f ille d w i t h a L i n k - B e l t u n i t , a n d s a t i s f a c t o r y r e s u l t s a s s u r e d . L i n k - B e l t m a n u f a c t u r e s a l l t h r e e s t a n d a r d t y p e s , a n d L i n k - B e l t p o w e r t r a n s m i s s i o n s p e c i a l i s t s c a n o ff e r r e l i a b l e r e c o m m e n d a t i o n s a s to t y p e a n d s iz e t o

s u i t y o u r p r e c i s e n e e d .

M otorized H elical G ear R educers are s im p le , c o m p a c t, s e l f - c o n t a i n e d p o w e r u n i t s , f o r m edium speed ap­

plications, from 1 to 75 h.p. D etails a n d a p p l i c a t i o n d ata in Book 1515.

CHEMICAL & M ET A L L LR G IC A L EN G IN EER IN G • M A Y 1946 7

The seven G M V co m p resso rs in s ta lle d in the S ty re n e P la n ! o f The Dow C h e m ic a l C o m ­

p a n y a re h e re show n from the co m p re sso r c y lin d e r s id e . T h e fourth a n d fifth G M Y 's a re e ig h t-c y lin d e r, 800-hp fe e d g as u n its.

C o m p re sso rs s ix an d seven in th is in te re stin g lin e -u p a re G M V fo u r-c y lin d e r e th y le n e u n its.thyl line up GMV four cyl n d e r

G M V " a n g le s

For the Products o f Tomorro w

A t The Dow C hem ical C o m p an y 's S tyrene P la n t, Lo s A n g e le s , C a li fo r n ia , s e v e n m o d e rn GMV c o m p re s s o rs h e lp p r o d u c e m o n o m e ric sty re n e a s w ell a s s e v e r a l o th e r p r o d u c ts , a ll h a v in g im p o rta n t p e a c e tim e a p p lic a tio n s .

a s a lw a y s , s e le c tio n o f c o m p a c t, r u g g e d GMV s m a d e p o s s ib le an e c o n o m ic a l a n d h ig h ly p r a c t ic a l c o m p re s s o r se tu p . F o r e x a m p /e , fa s t, p o s itiv e r e s p o n s e to se n s itiv e c o n tro l in stru ­ m ents h a s b e e n h ig h ly d e v e lo p e d in th e G M V , m a k in g it p a rtic u la rly d e s ir a b le fo r m o d e rn p r o c e s s in g re q u ire m e n ts.

R esponsiveness is o n ly o n e o f th e m a n y p h a s e s o f o p e r a ­ tion in which th e GMV e x c e ls . L ik e w ise th e re a r e e x c lu ­ s iv e fe a tu re s o f d e s ig n a n d co n stru ctio n th a t h a v e h e lp e d e a rn fo r th is m odern 4 0 0 , 6 0 0 , 8 0 0 a n d 1 0 0 0 h p co m ­ p r e s s o r a re p u ta tio n fo r truly e x c e p tio n a l s e r v ic e a n d p e r fo r m a n c e .

T h e GMV B u lle tin , 4 8 p a g e s o f d a ta a n d in te re stin g in fo rm a tio n , w ill b e m a ile d in re s p o n s e to y o u r req u est.

C lo se -u p o f th e tw o G M V -4 4 0 0 -h p e th y le n e units s h o w in g c o m p re s s o r c y lin d e r s , p ip in g a n d co n tro l e q u ip m e n t.

^ Ih e

C o o p e r -B e s s e x n ex

M OUNT VERNON, O H IO — GROVE CITY, PENN A.

N e w Y o rk W a sh in g to n B r a d f o r d , P e n n s y lv a n ia P a r k e r s b u r g , W . V a . S a n F ra n c is c o , C a t . S e a t t le , W a s h . H o usto n , D a lla s , G r e g g to n , P a m p a a n d O d e s s a , T e x a s T u ls a S h r e v e p o r t S t. L o u is L o s A n g e le s

8 • M A Y 1 9 4 6 « C H EM ICA L & M ETA LLU R G IC A L E N G IN E E R IN G

H ere's A ll There Is . . . There Isn't A n y M ore

M A S S M O O T i O N l l i r i A T I

I

C O N T I N U O U S E l l T E E l ■

c i

n

i * t r I L I c K

-

' - V - . -•

CHEM ICAL & M ETA LLU RG ICA L EN G IN EER IN G • M A Y 1 9 4 6 •

Whether filtration in your flow sheet calls for a tenth of a ton or sixty tons of solids per hour, a gal­

lon or hundreds of gallons of clarified liquor a min­

ute, the BIRD has what it takes to turn out a better product and more of it at lower cost.

To get down to cases on your product, the Bird laboratory is equipped for running tests that approx­

imate your own actual operating conditions. Why not find out exactly what there is in it for you. Just get in touch with Bird Machine Company, South Walpole, Massachusetts.

* HERE'S WHAT WE MEAN BY T O D A Y 'S FILTRATION:

1 . C o n tin u o u s, th o r o u g h , u n ifo rm sep a­

r a tio n o f so lid s, c o a rs e o r fine.

2« A ll types o f slu rrie s h a n d le d w h e th e r th ic k o r th in , h o t o r co ld .

3. M in im u m h a n d lin g tim e — a re te n tio n on ly a few se c o n d s in th e filter. N o s to ra g e p ro b le m .

4. Efficient c o u n te r c u rre n t w ash if d e ­ sire d . U n w a n te d fines m ay be th ro w n off w ith th e filtrate.

5» T h e filterin g o p e ra tio n com pletely h o u sed . P ro d u c t p ro te c te d fro m dust o r c o n ta m in a tio n . F u m etig h t, if de­

sire d .

6. Easy an d in ex p en siv e to in stall, o p e ra te an d m ain tain . N o filter m ed ia to plu g o r re n e w . N o vacuum o r au x iliaries.

for Condenser Tubes and Plates

F

O R m a n y y e a r s R e v e r e h a s b e e n a p r i m e s o u r c e o f s u p p ly f o r t u b e s a n d p l a t e s n e e d e d i n t h e c h e m ic a l , m a r i n e a n d p o w e r f ie ld s f o r c o n d e n s e r s , h e a t e x c h a n g e r s , a n d s i m i l a r u s e s .

T o d a y , R e v e r e o n c e a g a i n is a b l e t o a c c e p t u n r e s t r i c t e d o r d e r s .

P l a t e s a r e o f f e r e d i n t h e f o l l o w i n g : M u n tz M e ta l, N a v a l B r a s s , H e r c u l o y ( s i l i c o n b r o n z e ) , C u p r o - N i c k e l , A d m ir a l ty M e ta l, C o p p e r .

T u b e s : M u n tz M e ta l, A d m ir a l ty M e ta l, C o p p e r , R e v a l o n ( a lu m in u m b r a s s ) , C u p r o - N i c k e l , H e r c u l o y , B ra s s .

P la te s a r e o f f e r e d i n s q u a r e s , r e c t a n g l e s , c i r c l e s , h a l f ­ c ir c le s , s e g m e n t s , a n d s p e c ia l p a t t e r n s , u p t o 1 2 0 in c h e s m a x im u m d i m e n s i o n , f in is h e d w e i g h t a b o u t 1 1 ,0 0 0 lb s . m a x im u m . T h e s e p l a t e s a r e flat, d e n s e , f r e e f r o m b lo w h o l e s a n d s u r f a c e i m p e r f e c t i o n s , a c c u r a t e i n g a u g e .

R e v e r e tu b e s a r e a v a ila b le i n a ll c o n v e n t i o n a l s iz e s a n d g a u g e s , a n d a r e m a d e b y t h e e x t r u s i o n p r o c e s s , w h i c h p r o d u c e s d e n s e , u n i f o r m a n d h i g h l y c o r r o s i o n - r e s i s t a n t tu b e s .

R e v e r e is g la d t o c o o p e r a t e w i t h y o u i n d e t e r m i n i n g t h e b e s t a l lo y f o r a n y g iv e n c o n d i t i o n s o f u s e .

R E V E R E

C O P P E R A N D B R A S S IN C O R P O R A T E D

Founded by P a u l Revere in 1801 2 3 0 P a r k A v e n u e , N e w Y o r k 1 7 , N e w Y o r k M ills: Baltim ore, M d .; Chicago, III.; D etroit, M ich.;

N e w Bedford, M ass.; Rome, N . Y .

Sales Offices in P rincipal Cities, D istributors Everyw here

L isten to Exploring the U nknown o n th e M utual N e tw o rk every Sunday ev en in g , 9 to 9:30 p.m ., EDST.

E a s y m a c h in a b ilit y is o n e o f the im ­ p o rta n t fe a tu re s of R e v e r e C o n d e n s e r T u b e P la t e s .

10 • M A Y 1 9 4 6 * CH EM ICA L & M ETA LLU R G ICA L E N G IN E E R IN G

ALUS © CHALMERS

CONSTRUCTION DETAILS

that cut pump maintenance costs

2 . G e n e ro u s P a c k in g Means less leakage, less serv­

icing “ E le c trifu g a l” pum ps have five or more packings.

1. B ro n z e W e a r in g R ings They protect the casing and cover from wear — are re­

newable. A long-life feature.

4 . Q u ick , E asy S ervicing AH parts re a d ily accessible Maintenance time cut to a min imum.

5 . L o -M a in te n a n c e D e sig n Pump and motor in one frame eliminates alignment troubles, means fewer parts.

3 . S e a l C a g e a n d V a lv e Gives positive control of water seal pressure. Made of bronze.

GET THEM A L L ...

T hese fine-construction features are guide-posts to longer service — low er p u m p in g costs. Look fo r them in th e p u m p you buy.

Y ou g e t th em all — and m ore — in an Allis- C halm ers "E lectrifugal” pum p. By m ounting p u m p and m otor on th e same sh a ft and in the same fram e, A llis-C halm ers engineers not only save space, b u t they sim plify construction and

reduce cost. T hey give you a p u m p th a t's quick­

ly installed — operates in any position — has almost endless applications. M ade in stock sizes from % to 25 hp.

PART OF THE COMPLETE LINE O ther A llis-C halm ers centrifugal pum ps and m otors in capacities to 170,000 g p m ! Single suction, double suction an d m ulti-stage. C all your A llis -C h a lm e rs office o r d e a le r — o r w rite for bulletin N o . B 6 0 1 8 . A l u s - C h a l m e r s , M i l w a u k e e 1, W i s c o n s i n . a 203s

H E A R T H E B O S T O N “ P O P S " : E v e ry S a tu r d a y Eve n /n o , A m e ric a n B ro a d c a stin g C o .

CHEM ICAL & M ETA LLU RG ICA L E N G IN EE R IN G • M A Y 1946 11

• $ \ & : % !

• S p e c i a l a p p l i c a t i o n s th a t p r e s e n t u n u s u a l p r o b ­ l e m s i n m e a s u r i n g o r c o n t r o l lin g li q u i d l e v e l s a r e c o m p l e t e l y s o l v e d b y F is h e r L e v e l-T ro ls.

A n e x a m p l e is th e t y p i c a l L e v e l-T ro l i n s t a l l a ­ tio n s h o w n h e r e fo r m e a s u r i n g liq u i d l e v e l n e a r th e b o tto m o f t h e v e s s e l. T h e s i d e f l a n g e lo w e r e q u a l i z i n g c o n n e c t io n f e a t u r e s i n s t a l l a t i o n o f th e L e v e l-T ro l a d j a c e n t to th e v e s s e l — w ith d e c i d e d a d v a n t a g e a n d e c o n o m y in p i p e c o n n e c tio n s .

F is h e r L e v e l-T ro ls g u a r a n t e e t h e f in e s t in liq u i d l e v e l c o n tro l.

T h e f u ll tn r o ttl in g p n e u m a t i c p ilo t a c t u a t e s a r e m o t e l y i n s t a l l e d F is h e r D i a p h r a g m m o to r v a l v e w h ic h p r o v i d e s p o s it iv e , a c c u r a t e a n d d e p e n d a b l e p e r f o r m a n c e .

GOUERnoR compnnv

• 1 8 3 2 F I S H E R B U I L D I N G •

m R R S H H l L I O U J n , I 0 U J R

SIDE FLANGE LOWER EQUALIZING CONNECTION

• S i d e f l a n g e l o w e r e q u a l i z i n g c o n ­ n e c tio n m a k e s it p o s s i b l e to g e t th e lo w le v e l p o s it io n o f t h e f lo a t in liq u i d c o n t a c t w ith th e v e s s e l b o tto m . L iq u id le v e l c a n b e c o n t r o l l e d a t a n y p o in t u p to l e n g t h o f f lo a t. F lo a ts a v a i l a b l e in s t a n d a r d l e n g t h s u p to 120". W r it e t o d a y fo r B u lle tin F -l.

• M A Y 1 9 4 6 • CH EM ICA L & M ETA LLU R G IC A L E N G IN E E R IN G

SEND FOR THIS LITERATURE <m

BOOK No. 1 9 1 1 — — — — ►

ÜOTO-LOUVRE DRYER-COOLER D etails of th e design and o p eratio n o f th is h ig h ly effi­

cient e q u ip m e n t. Illu stra te s m a n y ty p ic a l a p p licatio n s.

FOLDER No. 2 0 0 9

MULTI-LOUVRE DRYER-COOLER

D escribes th is sm aller hig h ly efficient u n it, and gives b rie f d escrip tio n o f o th e r L in k -B elt d ryer-coolers.

A c o m e r o f t h e L in k -B elt d r y e r la b o ra to ry show ing, a t rig h t, a M u lti-L o u v re d ry er-co o ler a n d a t le ft o n e o f th e R oto -L o u v re dry er-co o lers w ith e q u ip m e n t fo r reco rd in g a c c u ra te m e a su re ­ m e n ts o f te m p e ra tu re , m o istu re, d u stin g , etc.

How to get most efficient Drying, Cooling shown by Link-Belt laboratory te sts

• L i n k - B e lt C o m p a n y o p e r a te s a s p e c ia l la b o r a to r y w h e r e t e s t m a t e r i a l s a r e d r ie d o r c o o le d u n d e r re g u ­ la r o p e r a tin g c o n d itio n s o n fu ll-s iz e d e q u ip m e n t.

T h e o n ly d if fe r e n c e is t h a t s p e c ia l in s tr u m e n ts a re p r o v id e d . M a t e r i a l is c h e c k e d a n d w e ig h e d a c c u ­ r a te ly , a n d d e t a il e d r e c o rd s a r e m a d e o n e a c h b a tc h o f m a t e r i a l te s te d . T h u s t h e l a b o r a to r y o b ta in s e x a c t r e c o r d s o f m o is tu r e c o n t e n t a n d te m p e r a t u r e s b e fo re , d u r in g , a n d a f t e r te s ts , th e s p e e d o f d ry in g a n d t h e m o s t d e s ir a b le a i r t e m p e r a t u r e s a n d s p e e d s fo r e a c h m a t e r i a l te s te d .

H u n d r e d s o f m a te r ia ls h a v e b e e n te s te d o n th is l a b o r a t o r y e q u ip m e n t. A c c u r a te r e c o rd s o f e q u ip ­

m e n t w e a r a n d m a in te n a n c e h a v e b e e n m a d e , t h u s e n a b lin g L in k - B e lt M a te r ia ls H a n d li n g E n g in e e r s to g iv e a c lo se f o re c a s t o f t h e p e r f o r m a n c e o f th e i r e q u ip m e n t u n d e r m o s t o p e r a tin g c o n d itio n s . Y o u c a n t a k e a d v a n ta g e o f th is b r o a d l a b o r a to r y a n d p r a c tic a l e x p e r ie n c e in d r y in g a n d c o o lin g , b y c a llin g t h e n e a r e s t L in k - B e lt office a n d a s k in g fo r a M a te r ia ls H a n d li n g E n g in e e r. O r, if y o u p r e f e r , w rite fo r o n e o f t h e b o o k le ts s h o w n b e lo w .

L I N K - B E L T C O M P A N Y

Chicago 9 , In d ia n a p o lis 6 , P h ila d e lp h ia 4 0 , A tla n ta , D a lla s 1, M in neapolis 5, S an F ran cisco 2 4 , Los A ngeles 3 3 , S e a ttle 4 , T o ro n to 8.

Offices in P rin ic ip al C ities.

CHEM ICA L & M ETA LLU RG ICA L E N G IN EE R IN G • M A Y J 9 4 6 •

MULTI-LOUVRE DRYER-COOLER:

A pplication of th e R oto-L ouvre p rin ­ ciple to a new, sm aller, m ore com pact unit. H as m any of th e advantages of th e R oto-L ouvre dryer-cooler.

SOM E LIN K-BELT D R YER-C O O LERS--- ROTO-LOUVRE DRYER-COOLER:

A m ost highly effi­

cient dryer. F a s t drying w ithout danger of overheating; gentle han­

dling w ith m inim um degradation;

com pact; low pow er consum ption;

long life; m inim um m aintenance.

S u p e rfin e In s e c tic id e s T itan iu m Pig m en ts M a g n e siu m O x id e C a lc iu m S ilic a te Fu llers Ea rth Iron O x id e s C a r b o n M ixtu res

D e rris R o o t S y n th e tic Resins an d m an y o th ers

SINCE 1887

W rite for C a ta lo g $51

R n v m o n o P u l v e r i z e r D i v i s i o n

COMBUSTION E N G IN E E R IN G C O M P A N Y , INC.

1 3 1 1 N o r t h B r a n c h S t r e e t C H I C A G O 2 2 , ILL.

Sales Offices in Principal Cities . • * In Canada: Combustion Engineering Corporation, Ltd ., Montreal

M A Y 1 9 4 6 • CH EM ICA L & M ETA LLU R G IC A L E N G IN E E R IN G

High Fineness PULVERIZING

Such as:—

B A Y .

R O L L E R M I L L

T od ay’s econ om ic p roblem for m anufacturers is the p roduction o f p ow dered m aterials to m e et the advancing standards o f com m ercial specifications.

T h e an sw er is found . . . for a vast num ber of different products . . . in the R aym ond com bination of a R o ller M ill and a W h iz zer Sepa­

rator. In this en closed , d ustless system , the m aterial is handled auto­

m atically irom feed hopper to finish bin . . . drying, grinding, cla ssify ­ ing, rejecting im purities and con veyin g the product to storage.

Y ou obtain high fineness (controlled by varying w h izze r sp eed ), a u niform product, and a definite m oisture content (w hen flash drying is provided.) F o r details, re fer you r problem to R aym ond engineers.

e q u i p p e d w i t h DOUBLE W HIZZER

SEPARATOR

S o m e s a id “ Im p o s s ib le !” B ut the N avy insisted, " W e w ant a m otor th at likes w ater so w ell it’ll run in 25 feet o f it for 90 days. W h a t's more— it's g o t to be lighter, m ore com pact than standard m otors.”

Then w e found th a t fabricated parts could b e successfully w elded together to assure w ater-tightness. F or proper m agnetic characteristics, w e decided to use field yokes o f one-inch rolled steel.

N o d iv in g s u its a l lo w e d ! B iggest pro b lem w as w ater­

p roof, pressure-proof casings. Cast-iron w o u ld n ’t d o

— too porous. So w e turn ed to fabricated steel « tough, d u rable — an d lightw eight too!

SEPT.

T h in g s lo o k b e tte r ! W e reinforced end-housings, double­

checked insulation, m ade sure exposed parts w ere leak-proof. N o th in g le ft to do b u t p u t our baby in th e test-tank, check it regularly, a n d h o ld o ur breath.

9 0 d a y s l a t e r — we took a good look. M otor still ru n n in g and not a dro p o f w ater inside! T h a t called fo r a short cheer and w ide smiles all around. M ass p ro d u c­

tion o f these m otors follow ed.

T h e r e 's a M o ra l: Every tim e A llis-Chalm ers engineering solves special m otor problems, we discover new ways to build better stand­

ard m o to rs for you. A l l i s - C h a l m e r s , M i l w a u k e e 1, W is. . 19„

CHEM ICA L & M ETA LLU R G ICA L E N G IN E E R IN G • M A Y 1 9 4 6 • 15

A -9 1 7

■

I D ■' ■ ■

' •• ,/y »rr Ą ®j 'if 4 • .■ % y &~ .. i-i. 'Tir,' ■

-,

g |

_{SW fefe.}

^ A larg e atm ospheric tower.

Large section 13'-0" I. D.; small section 7 '-0 " I. D.; overall lenqth 10 7 '- 4 ".

C o m p l e x

CHEM ICAL & M ETA LLUR G ICAL E N G IN EE R IN G • M A Y 1 9 4 6 •

• M A Y 1 9 4 6 • C H EM ICA L & M ETA LLU R G IC A L E N G IN E E R IN G

Combustion Engineering

C O M P A N Y , I N C .

2 0 0 M A D I S O N A V E N U E • N E W Y O R K 1 6 , N. Y.

^ A cylindrical ty p e digester for the p a p e r industry; 10'-6" dia x 40'-9'/2"

overall length.

A w aste h e a t boiler of special d e ­ sign, one of m any built for high oc- Y ta n e g a s plants.

C ontactor for aviation g asoline m anufacture, i 95'/2" O . D. x 2 1 '-6 " long.

♦ A g r o u p o f a i r bottles, 16" O . D. x 54"

lo n g ; m a d e fo r 9 0 0 psi w o rk in g p r e s s u r e .

Two la rg e refinery vessels. At right a stabilizer column 6'-0" I. D. x 7 9 ' long. At left a la rg e b u ta n e sto ra g e tank 13'-0" I. D. x 80' long.

^ N ickel-clad steel processing ves­

sel for the m anufacture of plasti­

cizing m aterials.

fk A la rg e fractionating tow er. Large section, 13'-4" O . D.; small section, lO '-l" O . D.; over­

all length, 9 9 '-1'/j".

Small stainless steel jacketed vessels for chem- Y ical process work.

‘That is not clear. W hy? . . . There is some foreign matter in i t . . . som e matter that w e do not w ant . . . GET IT OUT!

Gravity Settling is TO O slo w . . . and all too often it is INCOMPLETE.

Use Centrifugal Force . . . it is FA ST . . . it breaks stubborn'm ixtures.

Sharpies Centrifugal Force has a power 13,000 times greater than gravity.

Get Sharpies . . . and yo u ’ll get not only scientifically designed and precision-m ade equipment . . . but w hat is even more important, you w ill get the benefit of more than 30 years Centrifugal Process Experience.

If you have a C LA R IFIC A T IO N PROBLEM . . . put it up to Sharp ies.”

T h e S H A R P L . E S Corporation

N C E N T R I F U G A L A N D P R O C E S S E N G I N E E R S

f 2300 WESTMORELAND STREET • PHILADELPHIA 40 " PENNA. * 4^.

\ LONDON • PARIS . NEW YORK • BOSTON • PITTSBURGH • CUVEIAND V _____/ DETROIT . CHICAGO • DAUAS • SEATTLE . SAN FRANCISCO • 105 ANGELES

. M A Y 1 9 4 6 • C H EM IC A L & M ETA LLU R G IC A L E N G IN E E R IN G

A D V E R T IS E M E N T — T h is en tire page is a paid advertisem ent Prepared M o n th ly by U. S . In d u stria l Chemicals, In c

U.S.I. CHEMICAL NEWS

May ★ A M onthly Series for Chemists and Executives of the Solvents and Chemical Consuming Industries ★ 1946

T ou glin ess, D u rab ility A re F eatures of

P h tlialie-A lk yd R esin

Aroplaz 1076 is Recommended For a Variety of Outdoor Finishes

Recently developed by U.S.I., Aroplaz 1076 offers many new possibilities to coatings man­

ufacturers. A pure long oil phtlialic-alkyd, it provides toughness and durability, and may be used in all types of exterior finishes.

S im ila r to Navy 52-R -13 R esin Except for interior color retentive finishes, Aroplaz 1076 is very similar in physical char­

acteristics and performance to Aroplaz 1240 (Navy 52-R-13 R esin). During the war, this resin helped to protect America’s “bridge of

W h e n c o a tin g s h a v e to “ la k e it ” , A r o p la z 1 0 7 6 p ro v id e s to u g h n e ss a n d d u r a b ilit y . C o a tin g s b a se d on th is v e r s a t ile re sin a r e u se d w id e ly

in o u td o o r a p p lic a tio n s .

's h ips” against salt spray, scorching sun, sting­

ing rain, and quick temperature changes. In addition to its resistance to severe service con­

dition, the Navy finish coat based on Aroplaz 1240 possessed good brushability and drying characteristics. Today, Aroplaz 1076 will pro­

vide the same superior qualities in a host of . tough, durable finishes for many types of '■ civilian work.

W id e A p p licatio n s

This versatile new U.S.I. resin is recom­

mended for all types of outdoor finishes. It is particularly suitable for trim and trellis, as well as railroad coach and freight car finishes.

Aroplaz 1076 may also he used for a wide variety of interior coatings except where ex­

treme color retention is paramount. Samples are available upon request.

Th e s p e c ific a tio n s fo r A r o p la z 1 0 7 6 a r e :

V is c o s ity (G H ) Z - Z ,

A c id N o . ( p la s t ic ) 8 -1 2

C o lo r G H 7 - 1 0

W t ./ G a l . a t 2 5 ° C . 7 .8 5 - 7 .9 5 lb s.

P h th a lic a n h y d rid e content 2 5 %

O il co ntent 6 4 %

R o sin co ntent N one

Low-Cost A m in o A cid S yn th esis Seen R evolutionizing Treatm ent O f Liver D am age, B urns, S h ock

Methionine, Made At Vast Cost Reduction by New U.S.I. Process, Should Play Vital Role in Extending Modern Amino Acid Therapy

W ith this issue o f C H EM IC A L N EW S, U .S .I. announces the developm ent of a com m ercially p ra c tic a l m ethod o f synthesizing r/Z-methionine, the am in o acid w hich has been know n fo r som e tim e to have g re a t v alu e in tre a tin g an d prev en t­

ing liver damage but which has been little used because of its high cost. The new process is expected to bring a cost reduction in the range of 40 to 1 and to make methionine widely available both for treatment of liver damage and for the still newer uses which also appear to hold far-reaching possibilities.

Among these newer uses are the treatment of shock, burns, exposure, as well as poison­

ing from a wide range of compounds, par­

ticularly halogenated carbon compounds.

U.S.I.’s methionine is supplied for manufac­

turing use only.

It is reported that protein hydrolysates con­

taining amino acids have been used with out­

standing success in the treatment of peptic ulcers and starvation cases. One of the prin­

cipal uses of methionine will be to fortify the protein hydrolysate and increase the methio­

nine content. It is known, for example, that yeast hydrolysates, long used for their nutri­

tional value, are deficient in methionine.

T re a tm e n t o f B u rn s , S h o c k a n d E x p o su re

Burns, shock, exposure, fracture and surgi­

cal wounds arc promptly followed by cell de­

struction on a major scale, owing to the raid­

ing of protein tissue to provide the required methionine. While high protein ingestion might prevent or overcome this destruction, in many cases the patient’s ability to consume or retain food is so impaired that a high-

( C ontinued on n e xt page)

R o ten o n e E xtra cted B y N ew B ritish Process

A new process for the extraction of rotenone from dcrris root is described in a recent British patent. According to the claims made, both the resins and the rotenone are first ex­

tracted with acetone. The hulk of the acetone is then removed and the rotenone and resin­

ous constituents: in the residue are separated by dissolving the residue in alcohol. The ro­

tenone is selectively precipitated from the alcohol on standing.

Montan W ax Substitute Made From Lignite, Peat

A suitable substitute for Montan wax—a dark, hard, and odorless ester wax melting at about 80 degrees C. — may now he ex­

tracted from Devon lignite and various Eng­

lish and Scottish peats, according to a tech­

nical paper published recently. Prior to the war, Montan wax was extracted from the lig­

nites of Saxony and Thuringia. Devon lignite wax is similar to Montan wax in most re­

spects. hut peat wax is softer in texture and has a lower melting point by 10-15 degrees C.

Th e n e w lo w -c o st m e th io n in e h e lp s in m a n y a ilm e n t s , p ro m ise s g re a t th in g s in n u tritio n . T h e se a re m e th io n in e c ry s ta ls seen u n d e r a m icro sco p e .

A D V E R T IS E M E N T — T h is entire (-age is a paid ad vertisem en t.

May

U.S.I.CHEMICAL NEWS

¹⁹⁴⁶

Low-Cost M ethionine

{C ontinued fro m preceding page)

protein diet is impossible. In such cases, as well as those where over-feeding is contra­

indicated—such as stomach operations—it is relatively easy to administer the required methionine by capsule or intravenously.

M e th io n in e as a D e to x ic a n t It appears that methionine not only has definite therapeutic properties, but prophylac­

tic ones as well. Experimental and clinical results show that it exerts a remarkable pro­

tective effect on the livers of persons exposed to poisons known to cause liver injury. Among the poisons which yield to methionine are arsenical and phosphorus compounds. TNT, and halogenated carbons such as chloroform and carbon tetrachloride.

T N T P o iso n in g

TNT poisoning, often fatal, has been effec­

tively treated with methionine, which halts destruction of liver tissue, and aids in its re­

building. Methionine has also been used with outstanding success in cases of carbon tetra­

chloride poisoning which would normally prove fatal. There seems every reason to be­

lieve that other important applications may be just around the corner.

A ction o f M e th io n in e

Amino acids are the building blocks of proteins. That is another way of saying that proteins are broken down into various amino acids before they can be assimilated in the body. Of the ten essential amino acids, methionine is the one which seems to be essen­

tial to a healthy liver. In addition to poisons which attack the liver, there are other condi­

tions, such as burns, shock, and exposure that cause the animal system to raid tissue- protein molecules for their methionine, caus­

ing cell destruction at a rapid rate.

Methionine is primarily an exogenous sub­

stance which must be ingested with food, or introduced into the system in some other man­

ner. Best natural sources of methionine are dairy products, fish and liver. However, to administer therapeutic doses from natural methionine sources would call for an imprac- tically large food intake. For instance, 4 to 6 or even up to 10 quarts of milk would be in­

cluded in the daily diet in order to secure a curative dosage of methionine. A few grams of the new synthetic product will produce the same effect.

U.S.I. is making every effort to have methio­

nine available in sufficient quantities for man­

ufacturing use to supply clinics and experi­

mental laboratories.

THE M O N TH IN TEXTILES

A n e w w a s h a b le , w a te r p r o o f f a b r ic s u it­

a b le fo r se a t co v e rs Is d e v e lo p e d . . . A n y lo n s lip p e r Is m a rk e te d w h ic h can b e scru b b e d w it h s o a p a n d w a t e r . . . A m etho d is re p o rte d fo r m a k in g ra y o n s h rin k p ro o f . . . H ig h -sp e e d w a r p k n ittin g Is rep o rted fro m G e rm a n y . . . E le c t ric a lly h e a te d ru g s a r e p re p a re d . . . A n e w ty p e o f p o ly m e r iz a b le d y e stu ff Is rep o rted to be su p e rio r to o ld -ty p e d y e stu ffs . . . A carb o n Im p re g n a te d “ c o n d u c to r" ta p e is sta te d to be u se fu l In s h ie ld in g a n d e le c tro sta tic flu x g ra d in g . . . A n e w p ro ce ss Is d e v e lo p e d f o r im p a r lin g a p e rm a n e n t w a te r- re p e lle n t fin ish to clo th w ith e j t a ffe c tin g th e " f e e l ” . . . F lre -re s ista n c e Is Im p a rte d to t e x tile s b y a z in c b o ra te a n d p h o s p h a te c o m b in a ­ tio n . . . B y m e a n s o f a n e w tre a tm e n t, It Is c la im e d th a t a ll- w o o l su its can b e m a d e cool in w a rm w e a t h e r . . . A n e w m e c h a n l- . c a l cotton p ic k e r Is in v e n te d .

A te b r in H o ld s P ro m ise I n T r e a tm e n t o f C holera

Research recently carried out in India in­

dicates that atebrin, now used widely in the treatm ent of malaria, may also be of value in combating the equally dread disease, cholera.

This drug, which is synthesized w ith the aid of noval ketone, a product of U.S.I., is claimed to have shown promising results with more than a dozen cholera patients.

In dilutions of 1 to 4000, atebrin was found to be bacteriostatic to 10 strains of the Inaba Sub-type of vibrio cholera and 11 strains of the Ogawa sub-type. Its effect, however, was nil on 9 strains of para-cholera vibrios and 12 strains of saprophytic vibrios. The drug was also found to he non-bacteriostatic to enteric and dysenteric microorganisms.

Vitam in A Synthesis

The synthesis of biologically active Vitamin A substances was achieved by U.S. wartime research, but -was kept secret for a long time under government orders to prevent it from falling into enemy hands, it was revealed recently. The procedure for the synthesis of these substances is reported to involve seven or eight chemical steps, and to make use of such chemicals as ethyl chloroacetate, beta- ionone and acetylene.

T E C H N IC A L D E V E L O P M E N T S

Fu rth er inform ation on these item s m ay be ob tain ed by w riting to U .S.I.

A p h a rm a c e u tic a l s lid e ru le , d e s ig n e d for u se in p h a rm a c e u tic a l, c h e m ic a l, a n d a llie d in d u s ­ tries, is d e s c rib e d a s a ffo rd in g a r a p id m eth o d for c o n v e rtin g u n its in th e v a rio u s s y ste m s of w e ig h ts a n d m e a s u re s . Som e c o n v e rsio n s con­

ta in e d o n th is s lid e ru le a r e : g ra m s p e r k ilo to g r a in s p e r p o u n d , o u n c e s to c c .'s a n d d e g r e e s C.

to d e g r e e s F. (No. 063)

U S I

A n e w c le a n in g c o m p o u n d , d e s c rib e d a s a p a s te , is s a id to c le a n p a in te d s u rfa c e s , e n a m e ls , tiles, p o rc e la in , s ta in le s s ste e l, n ic k e l, a n d ch ro m e p la te w ith o u t th e u s e of a s o lv e n t. It is c la im e d to b e n o n -in ju rio u s to th e h a n d s . (No. 064)

U S I

N e w m o ld re le a s e a g e n ts a r e s a id to s e c u re r e ­ le a s e of p la s tic o r ru b b e r m a te ria ls fa b ric a te d b y in je c tio n o r c o m p re ssio n m o ld in g o r p re s s u re

la m in a tin g . (No. 065)

U S I

A n e w m a rb le -lik e m a te r ia l is s ta t e d to b e h a r d e r th a n m a rb le a n d to b e te n tim es m o re re s is ta n t th a n p la s t e r to p e n e tra tio n b y w a te r . T h e m a n u ­ fa c tu re r c la im s it c a n b e s a w e d , s a n d e d , p o l­

is h e d , a n d g e n e r a l ly h a n d le d lik e a p la stic . (No. 066) U S I

A n o w w e ttin g a g e n t of th e fa tty -a m id e ty p e is d e s c rib e d a s a fre e ly flo w in g a m b e r liq u id w h ic h c o n g e a ls a t 0 d e g re e s C., h a s a m ild o d o r, a n d is m iscib le w ith w a te r , v e g e t a b le oil, fa t, a n d

w a x e s . (No. 067)

U S I

A n e w m ild e w p ro o fin g a g e n t, d e s c rib e d a s a s p e c ia lly tre a te d textile re s in , is c la im e d to b e non-toxic a n d n o n -irrita tin g to th e s k in a t re c o m ­ m e n d e d c o n c e n tra tio n s . It is re p o rte d to b e w a te r s o lu b le a n d e a s y to a p p ly . (No. 068)

U S I

A n e w p la s tic a d h e s iv e , m a rk e te d a s a w in e - c o lo re d liq u id w ith a s e p a r a t e c a t a ly s t in p o w d e r form , is c la im e d to c u re a t room te m p e ra tu re w ith o n ly s lig h l p re s s u re . It is re c o m m e n d e d b y the m a n u fa c tu re r a s a stro n g a d h e s iv e for b o n d in g w o o d , le a th e r , v u lc a n iz e d fib e r, clo th , o r p a p e r .

(No. 069) U S I

A n e w sc o u rin g c g e n t fo r w o o l is d e s c rib e d a s a d e te rg e n t s o lu b le in h o t w a te r . It is s a id to g iv e u n ifo rm sc o u rin g a c tio n w ith o u t so a p .

(No. 070) U S I

A n e w in je c tio n m o ld in g p la s tic h a s b e e n a n ­ n o u n c e d . It is d e s c rib e d a s lig h t in w e ig h t a n d to u g h , w ith a sp e c ific g r a v ity of 1.17 to 1.2. It is re p o rte d to h a v e a n u n lim ite d co lo r r a n g e a n d to m old to a fin e fin ish . (No. 071)

U S I

A re p la c e m e n t for m e th y l o ra n g e a s a s ta n d a r d for to ta l a lk a lin ity titra tio n s is s a id to b e e x ­ tre m e ly s e n s itiv e a n d to p ro d u c e a c le a r ly d e ­

fin e d e n d p o in t. (No. 072)

U . S . I N D U S T R I A L C H E M I C A L S , I N C .

6 0 EAST 4 2 N D ST., N EW YORK 17. N . Y

. S . K B R A N C H ES IN A IL P R IN C IP A L CITIES

A L C O H O L S Amyl Alcohol

Butanol (Norm al Butyl Alcohol) Fusel O il-R e fin e d

Ethanol (E t h y l A lco h o l) Specially Denatured—all ^eoula'

and anhydrous ?O ?m iiias C om pletely Denatureo—a*l reg u u r

and anhydrous formulas?

Pure— 190 oroof. C .P . 9 6C ;.

Absolute

*5uoer Pyro Anti.freeze

“ Solox Proprietary Solvent

* A N S O L S Ansol M Ansoi PR

•Registered Trade, t

A C E T IC E S T E R S « Am yl A c e ’ are Butyi A cetate Efhvl Acetate O X A L IC E S T E R S

Difcutvl O xalate Diethvl O xalate P H T H A L IC E S T E R S

D iam vi Phthalate Diputyl Phlnalate Diethyl Phthalate O TH ER E S T E R S

•Dlatol

Diethyl Carbonate Ethyl Cholorofcrm ate Ethyl Formate

IN T E R M E D IA T E S Acetoacetanilide

• Acetoacet-ortno-anisicide Acetoacet-ortno-chloranilioe Ace^cacet-ortho-toluiaioe Ace*o3cet-oare-chloranilide Alpr.o-acetylbutvrolactone

-•CHo-’ c-2-Dentancne 5-Die*hv, amino-2-oen,'ar.or.e Ethvl Acetoacetate Etnyl Benzoyiacetate Ethyl Alpha-O xalproplonate Ethvl Sodium O xalacetate Methyl Cvclo prop yl Ketone E T H E R S

Ethyl Ether

Ethyl Ether A bsolute—A .C .S .

FEED C O N C E N T R A T E S

•C u rb ay 8-G

•Curfcay Special Liquid

•Vacatone 40 A C E T O N E

. C re- ' cally pure R ESIM S

Este*. G u r , - a ll types

Congo Gu-^s—raw. fused & estenfied

•A ro p 'az—alkyds ano allie d m aterials

•Arofene—pure phenolics

•Arochem —modified types N atural Res«ns—all standard grades

O T H E R P R O D U C TS

Collodions Ethylene

Ethylene G lyco l Urethan

N itrocellulose Solutions

Printed in U .S .A .

DAYTON 1, OHIO, U . S . A

Id D U R I R O N P U M P

h a n d le d o v er

łłlestn»« C*U *1

:chnic*l bulled»*

ou >rc inierc»«ed- youf requ«*‘1

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CO RRO SIO N RESISTIN G A LLO YS Ł E Q U IP M EN T

Y E A R S a n d 10,0 0 0 , 0 0 0 G A L L O N S OF AC ETI C A C I D

■ A r-l '■ / /*’ •,' . :

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l a t e r !

4 m

THE DU RIR ON COMPANY, I n c

m

1 - i

This is a seq u el to the suc­

cess story o f a D uriron pum p that we told in an advertisem ent six years ago. At that tim e th e pum p we’re talk ing about had already b een in con tin uou s service fo r 12

y e a r s a n d h a d p u m p e d o v e r 2 0 ,0 0 0 ,0 0 0 g a llo n s o f acetic acid

fo r the Pennsylvania A lcohol and C h em ic a l Co. (t h e n k n o w n as F r a n c o - A m e r i c a n C h e m ic a l W ork s) at Carlstadt, N. J.

T o d a y, th is p u m p is 1 8 years o ld a nd has p u m p e d o v e r 30,- 0 0 0 ,0 0 0 gallon s o f acetic acid o f all c o n c en tra tio n s a n d te m p e r a ­ tu re s ra n g in g f r o m 6 0 ° to 1 3 0 ° F .

W ith th is c o r r o s iv e -h a n d lin g s e r v ic e b e h in d it, th e p u m p is about to be retired and a standby pum p purchased 16 years ago w ill b e put to work fo r the first time.

T his case is not u n iq u e — w e have records o f D u riron pum ps that have given equally efficient service and on such corrosives as su lfuric, nitric, alum inu m su l­

fate, etc.

D u r ir o n a n d o th e r D u r c o c o r r o s io n -r e s is ta n t c e n t r ifu g a l p um ps are available w ith capaci­

ties ranging up to 2 0 0 0 g.p.m . and fo r heads up to 2 3 0 feet.

B ulletin 8 1 0 covers the m odern M odel 4 0 D uriron and D uriehlor D u r c o p u m p s , w-hich a re in t e r ­ changeable with D urco stainless s te e l D u r c o p u m p s c o v e r e d by B ulletin 8 1 1 . T h ese b u lletin s and en gin eerin g help are yours fo r

the asking. DC 5

H ere’s th e 1 9 4 6 versio n o f a D u riro n a c id -p ro o f c e n tr ifu g a l p u m p . T h is is a M o d e l 4 0 D u r c o p u m p — th e last icord in e ffic ie n t, lo n g -lived acid h a n ­ d lin g e q u ip m e n t.

CHEM ICAL & M ETA LLU RG ICA L E N G IN EE R IN G • M A Y 1 9 4 6

"M agic-G rip” sheave needs no ream ing, no filing, no sledge ham m er on oversize shafts . . . grips u nder­

size shafts w ith o u t w eave or w obble. A n d . . . you need n o w heel p u lle r to g e t it off.

T h e secret is in p atented h u b construction.

"M agic-G rip” sheave comes fu lly assembled, w ith tapered split b u sh in g o f generous clearance fo r over­

size shafts. Y e t . . . w hen you tighten th ree cap screws, it locks o n th e sh a ft w ith th e g rip o f a vise.

T here’s n o struggle. A nyone can m o u n t this sheave

quickly, easily, accurately. I t saves time, labor and money . . . can’t dam age sh a ft . . . prolongs bearing life because it m ounts close, reduces overhang and vibration. A n d these advantages cost you n o th in g e x tra !

Y O U R V -B E L T D RIV E H EA D Q U A R T ER S C all your nearest A llis-C halm ers office o r dealer fo r T E X R O P E "M agic-G rip” sheaves, Texsteel, T exdrive and V ari-P itch sheaves, Speed C hangers a n d fam ous T E X R O P E Super-7 V -Belts. F u ll ran g e o f types and sizes. Al l i s- Ch a l m e r s, Mi l w a u k e e 1 , W i s c o n s i n.

A 2056

ALLIS ⁰ CHALMERS

TEXROPE V-BELT DRIVES

H E A R T H E B O S T O N “ P O P S ” : Every S a tu r d a y E v e n in g , A m e ric a n B ro a d c a stin g C o .

• M A Y 19 4 6 • CHEM ICA L & M ETA LLU R G IC A L E N G IN EE R IN G

on Oversize or Undersize Shafts

MAGIC-GRIP'' FITS ^...even

Efficiency, reliability, lo w operational and m aintenance costs have been for years outstanding and recognized characteristics o f G oslin-B irm ingham equipm ent.

The general acceptance o f G -B products is a tribute to ex­

perience and to the consistently fine performance records of Evaporators, Condensers, Filters, Heavy Duty Kingboltless Mills, Vacuum Pans and Heaters . . . made by G O S L IN -B I R M I N G H A M .

GOSLIN-BIRMINGHAM MANUFACTURING C O., INC.

BIRMINGHAM ALABAMA

3 5 0 MADISON AVE NEW Y O R K

S A N F R A N C I S C O N E W O R L E A N S S E A T T L E

C H I C A G O

CHEM ICAL & M ETA LLU R G IC A L E N G IN EE R IN G • M A Y 19 1 6

G o s l i n - B i r m i n g h a m Booth a t the Chemical Exposition a t G ra n d Central Palace

LEAD C A S T IN G S a ii S H A P E S clhc C W E I G H T S

★ LEAD LINED STEEL AND WOOD TANKS

★ HOMOGENEOUS LEAD BONDING

★ LEAD VALVES AND PUMPS

★ LEAD CASTINGS-ALL SHAPES AND WEIGHTS

24- • M A Y 1 9 4 6 • C H EM ICA L & M ETA LLU R G ICA L E N G IN EE R IN G

A

y

THE PURSUIT FOR EXCEPTIONAL purity and quality in G eneral Chemical B&A Reagents is tireless and never ending.

For example, study and com pare the new s p e c if ic a tio n s fo r B&A R e a g e n t M anganese Dioxide. H ere is a product which has always been outstanding for its high Quality, but to G eneral Chemi­

cal’s Baker & Adamson Division produc­

ing an even finer reagent has been and remains a constant challenge.

AS A RESULT, the chemist working with B&A Reagent M anganese Dioxide will now have a product assaying 95.0% min.

M n 0 2 for his analyses! . . . a “ precision c h e m ic a l” of in c re a se d a c c u ra c y for which the tolerances on im purities are closer, more rigid than ever before.

THE ACHIEVEMENTS OF B&A with this product are typical of those sought, and gained day by day for all B&A Reagents in every step of research, development, and production. T h a t’s why, when you specify reagents bearing the B&A Shield of Quality, you specify the best in labora­

tory chemicals . . . reagents that will a l­

ways be recognized as “ setting the pace in chemical purity!’

CHEM ICAL & M ETA LLU RG ICA L EN G IN EER IN G - M A Y 1 9 4 6 • 25