-DQXV]/HPDĔVNL1
RDZ 1,1–2,3 NA NOWO ODCZYTANE?
&=</,3<7$1,(272&=<02ĩ/,:(-(6712:(
632-5=(1,(1$.$3à$ē6.,23,667:25=(1,$"
:VWĊS 3LHUZV]DSHU\NRSD].VLĊJL5RG]DMX5G]±GDOHMZVNUyFLH5G]MHVWQLHZąWSOL-ZLHMHGQ\P]QDMOHSLHM]QDQ\FKIUDJPHQWyZ%LEOLL2G]DZV]HLQWU\JRZDáDRQDQLHW\ONR HJ]HJHWyZDOHLSU]HGVWDZLFLHOLZLHOXLQQ\FKG]LHG]LQEDGDZF]\FK3RZRGHPWHJR]DLQ- WHUHVRZDQLDMHVWIDNWĪHMHMZáDĞFLZHUR]XPLHQLHPDRJURPQHLPSOLNDFMHĞZLDWRSRJOą-GRZH'ODZVSyáF]HVQ\FKELEOLVWyZMHVWRF]\ZLVWHĪHDXWRU]\WHJRWHNVWXEDUG]LHMQLĪ U]HF]\ZLVW\PKLVWRU\F]Q\PSU]HELHJLHPZ\GDU]HĔF]\PDWHULDOQąVWUXNWXUąNRVPRVX ]DLQWHUHVRZDQLE\OLZ\UDĪHQLHPSHZQHMLGHLRUD]ZáDVQ\FKSU]HNRQDĔQDWHPDWDNWXDO-QHJRVWDQXU]HF]\SDQXMąFHJRZVSRáHF]QRĞFLZNWyUHMSU]\V]áRLPĪ\ü,FKJáyZQ\P FHOHPQLHE\áRZLĊFRSLVDQLHÄIDNWyZ´F]\OLMDNSU]HELHJDáSURFHVVWZRU]HQLDDOHZ\UD- ĪHQLHSHZQHMNRQFHSFMLLQWHOHNWXDOQHM]ZLą]DQHM]UROąF]áRZLHNDZUDPDFKG]LHáDVWZR-U]HQLDLW\PVDP\PZVND]DQLHSHZQHJRHJ]\VWHQFMDOQRHW\F]QHJRLGHDáX1LH]QDF]\WR RF]\ZLĞFLHĪHRSLV]5G]QLH]DZLHUDWHĪSHZQ\FKSU]HNRQDĔFRGRQDWXU\LSU]HELHJX VDPHJRDNWXVWZRU]HQLD1LHRQHMHGQDNVWDQRZLąLVWRWĊVDPHJRRSLVX1D WHPDW WHJR UR]G]LDáX QDSLVDQR QLH]OLF]RQą LORĞü PRQRJUD¿L L DUW\NXáyZ :\GD- ZDüE\VLĊ]DWHPPRJáRĪHZV]\VWNRMXĪQDMHJRWHPDWSRZLHG]LDQR:RVWDWQLPF]D-VLHSRMDZLáRVLĊMHGQDNNLONDQRZ\FKFLHNDZ\FKSRGHMĞüGRLQWHUSUHWDFMLWHJRWHNVWX :QLQLHMV]\PDUW\NXOHFKFHP\VSRMU]HüUD]MHV]F]HQD5G]]SHUVSHNW\Z\W\FKQRZ\FK SURSR]\FMLL]DVWDQRZLüVLĊQDLOHRLOHZRJyOHSR]ZDODMąRQHRGF]\WDüWHSHU\NRSĊ ZQRZ\VSRVyE 1 .VSURIGUKDE-DQXV]/HPDĔVNLZ\NáDGRZFDQD:\G]LDOH7HRORJLF]Q\P86DXWRUZLHOXDUW\NXáyZLSXE-OLNDFML]]DNUHVX6WDUHJR7HVWDPHQWX]HV]F]HJyOQ\PXZ]JOĊGQLHQLHP3LĊFLRNVLĊJXPLQNRPHQWDU]\GR.VLĊJL :\MĞFLDL5RG]DMX$GUHVGRNRUHVSRQGHQFML±.RV]DOLQXO%ROHVáDZD&KUREUHJRHPDLOOHPDQVNL# NRV]DOLQRSRNDRUJSO
-RVHSK%OHQNLQVRSSCreation, Un-creation, re-creation. A Discursive Commentary on Genesis 1–111HZ<RUN /RQGRQ7 7&ODUN±]Zá
2016 nr 23
&]\MHVWRGSRZLHGĨQDS\WDQLHRURG]DMOLWHUDFNLSHU\NRS\5G]"
.ZHVWLDXVWDOHQLDURG]DMXOLWHUDFNLHJR5G]RGGDZQDEXG]LáDĪ\ZąG\VNXVMĊZĞUyG EDGDF]\ -HM UR]VWU]\JQLĊFLH U]XWXMH ERZLHP QD VSRVyE LQWHUSUHWDFML VDPHJR
WHN- VWX:LHOXHJ]HJHWyZXZDĪDG]LĞĪHSRGZ]JOĊGHPJDWXQNXOLWHUDFNLHJRWHNVWWHQVWD-QRZLcasus sui generis&]ĊVWRWUDNWXMHJRMDNRURG]DMSURORJXOXEXZHUWXU\GRFDáHM %LEOLLKHEUDMVNLHMJG\Ī]GDQLHPQLHNWyU\FKEDGDF]\Z\UDĨQLHVWRLRQSR]DVWUXNWXUą W]Ztoledot42GVWURQ\HJ]HJHW\F]QHMQLHPDMHGQDNSRGVWDZDE\SRG]LHODüWDNąRSLQLĊ
:LVWRFLHERZLHP5G]QLHW\ONRZ\UDĨQLHZáąF]RQHMHVWZVHULĊtoledotDOHZUĊF]VWD-QRZLGODQLHMQLHMDNRSXQNWZ\MĞFLDSRU5G]D5HGDNF\MQLHáąF]\VLĊWDSHU\NRSD UyZQLHĪ]UHV]WąÄ3UHKLVWRULL´SRU5G]E
3RSU]H] VZRMą U\WPLNĊ L SRZWDU]DOQRĞü QLHNWyU\FK HOHPHQWyZ 5G] SU]\SRPLQD VW\OHPWHNVWSRHW\FNL1LHNWyU]\HJ]HJHFLGRQLHGDZQDWUDNWRZDOL]UHV]WąWĊSHU\NRSĊ
ZWHQZáDĞQLHVSRVyE=QDMGXMHP\ZQLHMQLHZąWSOLZLHZLHOHHOHPHQWyZNWyUHPRJą
VXJHURZDüpoetica qualitiesWHJRWHNVWX1LHPQLHMZLĊNV]RĞüEDGDF]\QLHPDMXĪG]LĞ
ZąWSOLZRĞFLĪHFKRG]LUDF]HMRÄSHZLHQURG]DMZ]QLRVáHMLXURF]\VWHMSUR]\FKDUDNWH-U\]XMąF\VLĊF]ĊVW\PLSRZWyU]HQLDPL´9
&DáRĞüSHU\NRS\URELZUDĪHQLHGREU]HSU]HP\-ĞODQHMLNRKHUHQWQHMVWUXNWXUDOQLHMHGQRVWNLOLWHUDFNLHMSURORJGQLVWZyUF]HMÄSUDF\´ G]LHĔ RGSRF]\QNX %RJD 2 QDUUDW\ZQ\P FKDUDNWHU]H WHNVWX GHF\GXMH WX SU]HGH ZV]\VWNLP ]DVWRVRZDQLH W]Z VHNZHQFML QDUUDW\ZQHM waw F]DVRZQLN : 5G]
QD SU]HVWU]HQL ZLHUV]\ ]QDMGXMHP\ Z VXPLH DĪ WHJR URG]DMX waw RNUHĞODQHJR PLDQHPwaw-consecutivum1DSU]HVWU]HQL5G]±ZLĊFHMUD]\WHJRW\SXVHNZHQFMD SRMDZLDVLĊMHG\QLHZ5G]UD]\5G]UD]\L5G]UD]\'ODSRUyZQD-QLDZSRHW\FNLPWHNĞFLH]5G]E±WHJRURG]DMXwaw]QDMGXMHP\MHG\QLHUD]\11
0RĪQD]DWHPQDWHMSRGVWDZLHZQLRVNRZDüĪHNDSáDĔVNLRSLVVWZRU]HQLDMHVWWHNVWHP QDUUDF\MQ\P
6WHZHQ%R\GÄ7KH*HQHUHRI*HQHVLV±:KDW0HDQV7KLV7H[W"´ZComing to Grips with Genesis:
Bibli-cal Authority and the Age of the EarthUHG7HUU\0RUWHQVRQ7KDQH+8U\*UHHQ)RUHVW0DVWHU%RRNV
±
4 *RUGRQ:HQKDPGenesis 1–15:RUG%LEOLFDO&RPPHQWDU\:DFR:RUG%RRNV
7RGG6%HDOOÄ5HDGLQJ*HQHVLV±$/LWHUDU\$SSURDFK´ZReading Genesis 1–2. An Evangelical
Conversa-tionUHG-'DU\O&KDUOHV3HDERG\+HQGULFNVRQ3XEOLVKHU]HZVND]DQLHPQD%UXFH¶D:DOWNH
)UDQN+3RODNÄ3RHWLF6W\OHDQG3DUDOOHOLVPLQWKH&UHDWLRQ$FFRXQW*HQ±´ZCreation in Jewish and
Christian Tradition
UHG+HQQLQJ5HYHQWORZ<DLU+RIIPDQ-RXUQDOIRUWKHVWXG\RIWKH2OG7HVWDPHQW±6XSSOH-PHQWVHULHV-6276/RQGRQ±1HZ<RUN6KHI¿HOG$FDGHPLF3UHVV±
:DOWHU%UXHJJHPDQQGenesis: A Bible Commentary for Teaching and Preaching$WODQWD±:HQ-KDPGenesis 1–15
0DUN66PLWKThe Priestly Vision of Genesis 10LQQHDSROLV±
9 7KRPDV.UJHUÄ*HQHVLV±DQGWKH'HYHORSPHQWRIWKH3HQWDWHXFK´ZThe PentateuchUHG7%'R]HPDQ )RUVFKXQJHQ]XP$OWHQ7HVWDPHQW)$77ELQJHQ&-RKQ&ROOLQVGenesis 1–4: Linguistic,
Liter-ary, and Theological Commentary3KLOOLSVEXUJÄH[DOWHWSURVHQDUUDWLYH´%LOO7$UQROGGenesis7KH
QHZFHQWXU\%LEOHFRPPHQWDU\1&%&&DPEULGJH±1HZ<RUNÄDQHOHJDQWSURVHPRUHDNLQWRSRHWU\ DQGPD\LQIDFWKDYHEHHQEDVHGRQDSRHPRULJLQDOO\´
7KRPDV2/DPEGLQWprowadzenie do hebrajskiego biblijnego/XEOLQ±%UXFH.:DOWNH0L-FKDHO3DWULFN2¶&RQQRUAn Introduction to Biblical Hebrew Syntax:LQRQD/DNH
3UREOHPQDGDOSROHJDMHGQDNQDW\PMDNRNUHĞOLüJDWXQHNOLWHUDFNLWHJRWHNVWX"6SyU RWRF]\PRĪQDWHQWHNVWRNUHĞODüPLDQHPÄPLW´WUZDDĪSRG]LHĔG]LVLHMV]\ 2GSR-ZLHGĨÄWDN´OXEÄQLH´]DOHĪ\Z]DVDG]LHRGWHJRFRUR]XPLHP\SRSU]H]VáRZRÄPLW´RUD] FRVąG]LP\QDWHPDWWHJRF]\PRQE\áLFRZU]HF]\ZLVWRĞFL]QDF]\áGODVWDURĪ\WQ\FK14" +HUPDQ*XQNHO NWyU\]GHF\GRZDQLHZVND]\ZDáQDQDUUDW\ZQ\FKDUDNWHUWHJRWHN-VWXNODV\¿NRZDáJRMDNRÄOHJHQGĊ´7DNRQFHSFMDQLHSU]\MĊáDVLĊDEDGDF]H±VąG]ąFSR NROHMQ\FKNRPHQWDU]DFK±QDGDOPDMąNáRSRW]SUHF\]\MQ\PRNUHĞOHQLHPJDWXQNXOLWH-UDFNLHJRWHMSHU\NRS\%UXFH.:DOWNHSRGáXJLHMG\VNXVMLRSLVXMHWHQWHNVWVáRZDPL
a literary-artistic representation of the creation:ĪDGHQVSRVyEQLHGH¿QLXMHMHGQDN W\PVIRUPXáRZDQLHPJDWXQNXOLWHUDFNLHJRQDV]HMSHU\NRS\-RKQ+:DOWRQVąG]LĪH
VWUXNWXUDWHJRWHNVWXSUH]HQWXMHVWZRU]HQLHNRVPRVX]SRPRFąWHUPLQRORJLLW\SRZHMGOD RSLVyZLQDXJXUDFMLNRVPLF]QHMĞZLąW\QLan enthronment, tempel dedication type of setting3URSRQXMH]DUD]HPRNUHĞOLüJDWXQHNFDáHMSHU\NRS\MDNRancient cosmology 7RGG%HDOO19LGąF]DWąSURSR]\FMąVXJHUXMHDE\Z\GDU]HQLDRSLVDQHZ5G]RGF]\WDü
on factural, accurate and historical level:RGSRZLHG]LQDWĊSURSR]\FMĊ-RKQ&ROOLQV L-RKQ:DOWRQZVND]XMąMHGQDNĪHSU]\WDNLPSRGHMĞFLXRZV]HPFDá\WHNVWPRĪHP\ RGQLHĞüGRU]HF]\ZLVW\FKOXG]LLDNWXDOQ\FKZ\GDU]HĔDOHÄU]HF]\ZLVWH´QLHZ\MDĞQLD MHV]F]H]MDNLPJDWXQNLHPOLWHUDFNLPPDP\GRF]\QLHQLDDQLQLHGRZRG]LĪHGHWDOH ]RSLVXVąKLVWRU\F]QLHUHDOQH:VND]XMHMHG\QLHĪHWHNVWRGQRVLVLĊGRU]HF]\ZLVW\FK U]HF]\LVWQLHMąF\FKZUHDOQ\PĞZLHFLH.RQWHNVWSR]ZDODVąG]LüĪHLQWHUSUHWDFMDWHNVWX QLH SRZLQQD LĞü Z NLHUXQNX QDSLĊFLD SRPLĊG]\ W\P FR KLVWRU\F]QH L W\P FR PHWD-IRU\F]QHDOHQDZVND]DQLXWHJRFRPDKLVWRU\F]QHRGQLHVLHQLDDFRQLH+LVWRU\F]QH RGQLHVLHQLDREHMPXMąNRQWHNVWKLVWRU\F]Q\SRZVWDQLDWHJRWHNVWXMHJRURG]DMOLWHUDFNL LFKDUDNWHU\VW\NĊOLWHUDFNą6WDURĪ\WQLZLVWRFLHFKFLHOLSRZLHG]LHüZW\PWHNĞFLHFRĞ QD WHPDW UHDOQ\FK OXG]L RUD] DNWXDOQ\FK LP XZDUXQNRZDĔ VSRáHF]QRKLVWRU\F]Q\FK :V]\VWNR WR NRUHVSRQGXMH MHGQDN WDNĪH ] W\P FR DXWRU ELEOLMQ\ FKFH SRZLHG]LHü QD
WHPDWU]HF]\ZLVWRĞFLQDGQDWXUDOQHM7HNVWWU]HEDQDPMHGQDNRGF]\W\ZDüEH]QDU]XFD-QLDQDV]\FKZVSyáF]HVQ\FKNDWHJRULLLVSRVREyZRSLVX-DN]DXZDĪD:DOWRQQDOHĪ\JR
UDF]HMEH]Z]JOĊGQLHF]\WDüUD]HP]HVWDURĪ\WQ\PDXWRUHPXZ]JOĊGQLDMąFMHJRDQLH
-DQXV] /HPDĔVNL .VLĊJD 5RG]DMX UR]G]LDá\ ± 1RZ\ NRPHQWDU] ELEOLMQ\ 6WDU\ 7HVWDPHQW 1.%67 , &]ĊVWRFKRZD±
3RUG\VNXVMĊZ6PLWKThe Priestly Vision±
14 6PLWKThe Priestly Vision³«WKHTXHVWLRQRI*HQHVLVDVP\WKGHSHQGVRQZKDWZHPHDQE\WKHZRUGP\WK DQGZKDWZHWKLQNP\WKVDUHUHDOO\DERXW´
The Legends of GenesisUHSULQWĺ(XJHQH±
%UXFH.:DOWNHÄ7KH/LWHUDU\*HQUHRI*HQHVLV´&KDSWHU2QHCrux±]Zá -RKQ+:DOWRQGenesis 1 as Ancient Cosmology:LQRQD/DNH
:NRPHQWDU]XGRDUW\NXáX%HDOODÄ5HDGLQJ*HQHVLV±$/LWHUDU\$SSURDFK´ZReading Genesis 1–2. An
Evangelical ConversationUHG-'DU\O&KDUOHV3HDERG\RUD]ZVZRLPDUW\NXOH-RKQ+:DOWRQ
Ä5HDGLQJ*HQHVLVDV$QFLHQW&RVPRORJ\´ZReading Genesis 1–2. An Evangelical ConversationUHG-'DU\O &KDUOHV3HDERG\
19 %HDOOÄ5HDGLQJ*HQHVLV±$/LWHUDU\$SSURDFK´ %HDOOÄ5HDGLQJ*HQHVLV±$/LWHUDU\$SSURDFK´ %HDOOÄ5HDGLQJ*HQHVLV±$/LWHUDU\$SSURDFK´± %HDOOÄ5HDGLQJ*HQHVLV±$/LWHUDU\$SSURDFK´
QDV]HNDWHJRULHZLQWHUSUHWDFMLWHJRFRQDSLVDáLFRFKFLDáZWHQVSRVyEZ\UD]Lü-HJR ]GDQLHP %DELORĔF]\F\ ZFDOH QLH XZDĪDOL VZRLFK PLWyZ ]D ¿NF\MQH :\UDĪDOL UDF]HM ]LFKSRPRFąVZRMHUR]XPLHQLHRWDF]DMąFHMLFKU]HF]\ZLVWRĞFL:SU]\SDGNX5G]± QLHQDOHĪ\]DWHPQDU]XFDüLQWHUSUHWDFMLWHNVWXUR]ZDĪDMąFJRZNDWHJRULDFKPLWOXEDOER KLVWRULDOHF]SU]\MąüĪHPDP\GRF]\QLHQLD]HVWDURĪ\WQąIRUPąOLWHUDFNąNWyUą:DOWRQ RNUHĞOD±MDNZVSRPQLHOLĞP\±PLDQHPNRVPRORJLL1LHSRZLQQLĞP\]DWHPSDWU]HüQD 5G]]SHUVSHNW\Z\ZVSyáF]HVQHMZLHG]\QDXNRZHMDOH]SXQNWXZLG]HQLDyZF]HVQHJR RGELRUF\ QLH ]DQLHGEXMąF ZáDĞFLZHJR PX ]QDF]HQLD VáyZ L Z\REUDĪHĔ 7\FK NWyU]\ SRG]LHODMąWDNLVSRVyESRGHMĞFLDGRWHNVWXLFKFąF]\WDüJRUD]HP]HVWDURĪ\WQ\PDXWR-UHPRUD]RGELRUFąDQLHSU]HFLZNRQLHPX-:DOWRQRNUHĞODPLDQHPethical reader
$E\E\üQDWRPLDVWcompetent reader±XZDĪD:DOWRQ
QDOHĪ\F]\WDüWHQWHNVWXZ]JOĊG-QLDMąFOLWHUDFNLHLNXOWXURZHG]LHG]LFWZRRWDF]DMąFHVWDURĪ\WQ\FK,]UDHOLWyZ &]\ZLHP\QDSHZQRMDNDMHVWZáDĞFLZDVWUXNWXUDSHU\NRS\" :\GDMHVLĊĪHSHU\NRSDPDZ\UDĨQ\SURORJ5G]±LHSLORJ5G]±:áąF]DQ\ F]ĊVWRZMHMUDP\ZLHUV]5G]DMHVWUDF]HMHOHPHQWHPUHGDNF\MQ\PSR]ZDODMąF\P SRáąF]\ü]HVREą5G]L5G]±.ZHVWLDZ\áąF]HQLDGZyFKSLHUZV]\FKZLHUV]\SR]D UDP\SLHUZV]HJRGQLDVWZRU]HQLDLSRWUDNWRZDQLDLFKMDNRRGG]LHOQHJRZVWĊSXQLHMHVW MHGQDNWDNDRF]\ZLVWDGODZV]\VWNLFKEDGDF]\5G]RSLVXMHQLHZąWSOLZLHVWDQante--creation=JUDPDW\F]QHJRSXQNWXZLG]HQLDMHGQDNQLHPRĪQDMHGQR]QDF]QLHGRZLHĞü WHJRĪHZQDOHĪ\SRWUDNWRZDüMDNRURG]DMW\WXáXWDN/;;DQLHMDNRF]ĊĞü]GDQLD ]áRĪRQHJRSR]RVWDMąFHJRVNáDGRZąGáXĪV]HMVWUXNWXU\UD]HP]ZOXEQDZHW]Z 3HU\NRSĊPRĪQDSRWHPSRG]LHOLüNODURZQLHQDGQLVWZRU]HQLDG]LHĔRGSRF]\QNX [[ .ODV\F]QH ĞZ $XJXVW\Q 3DĔVWZR %RĪH SDUDOHOQH SU]\SRU]ąGNRZDQLH VRELHGQL±L± VWZRU]HQLHVFHQ\LMHMZ\SHáQLHQLHQLHMHVWMXĪMHGQDNG]Lб]GD-QLHPZLĊNV]RĞFLHJ]HJHWyZ±WDNLHRF]\ZLVWH7DNLSDUDOHOQ\FKDUDNWHUSRV]F]HJyOQ\FK GQLVWZRU]HQLDĺĺĺVXJHUXMHQSSU]\SRU]ąGNRZDQLHRSLVXVWZRU]HQLD ĞZLDWáDG]LHĔLSRWHPNRQNUHWQ\FKĞZLDWHáG]LHĔ:W\FKGQLDFKXVWDORQ\]RVWDMH ELHJF]DVXG]LHĔ±QRFPLHVLąFH±ODWD.ROHMQHGZDGQLG]LHĔ±WRVWZRU]HQLH IXQGDPHQWDOQ\FKVWUXNWXUSU]HVWU]HQLQLHERVXFKD]LHPLDURĞOLQ\LZ\SHáQLHQLHLFK Ī\Z\PLLVWRWDPLG]LHĔ±']LHĔLG]LHĔZ\UyĪQLDMąVLĊQDWOHSR]RVWDá\FKW\P ĪH%yJGRNRQXMHZQLFKQLHMHGQHJRDOHGZyFKDNWyZVWZyUF]\FK1DNRĔFXGQLD ]LHPLDQDVNXWHNUR]ND]X%RĪHJRZ\GDMHURĞOLQ\NWyUHEĊGą]DGHNUHWRZDQHSRWHPSU]H] %RJDMDNRSRNDUPGODOXG]LL]ZLHU]ąWOąGRZ\FKVWZRU]RQ\FKZGQLX7U]HEDMHGQDN ]DXZDĪ\üĪHFKRüSRV]F]HJyOQHGQLPDMąSHZLHQSRZWDU]DOQ\DZLĊFUDPRZ\XNáDGWR MHVWRQMHGQDNQLHUHJXODUQ\:V]\VWNLHGQL]DF]\QDMąVLĊRGVáyZÄSRWHP%yJU]HNá´ :DOWRQÄ5HDGLQJ*HQHVLVDV$QFLHQW&RVPRORJ\´ :DOWRQÄ5HDGLQJ*HQHVLVDV$QFLHQW&RVPRORJ\´ 1DWHQWHPDWSRU/HPDĔVNL.VLĊJD5RG]DMX± -DQXV]/HPDĔVNL3LĊFLRNVLąJG]LVLDM 6WXGLD%LEOLFD.LHOFH 7DNMHV]F]HQS%OHQNLQVRSSCreation .UJHUÄ*HQHVLV±´±
LIRUPXá\Z\SHáQLHQLDKHEUjussivus:GQLX]QDMGXMHP\]ZURWÄLVWDáDVLĊĞZLDWáRĞü´ ]DĞZGQLDFKLÄLWDNVLĊVWDáR´:LGRF]QDMHVWMHGQDNGUREQDUyĪQLFD6IRUPXáRZDQLH WR]DP\NDRSLVVWZRU]HQLDZGQLXĞZLDWáRLVXFK\OąG:GQLXQDWRPLDVW]D WąIRUPXáąSRMDZLDVLĊMHV]F]HRSLVUROLMDNąSHáQLüPLDá\QD]LHPLSRV]F]HJyOQHFLDáD ĞZLHFąFH]Z\MąWNLHPJZLD]G:GQLXIRUPXáĊWĊSRSU]HG]D]NROHLRSLVWHJRZMDNL VSRVyE%yJSRZRáDáGRLVWQLHQLDWRFR]DPLHU]\á:GQLX%yJZLG]LĪHĞZLDWáRMHVW GREUH]DQLPMHV]F]HQD]ZLHĞZLDWáRGQLHPDFLHPQRĞüQRFą:GQLX]NROHLQD]\ZD VXFK\OąG]LHPLąDZRG\PRU]HP]DQLPRFHQLĪHE\á\GREUH:GQLXEUDNRFHQ\ĪH HIHNWVWZRU]HQLDE\áGREU\:GQLXLGDOHM%yJQLHQDGDMHMXĪQD]ZVZRLPVWZRU]H-QLRP&]ĊĞüW\FKÄDQRPDOLL´]QLNDZZHUVML]/;;=GDQLHÄLVWDáRVLĊWDN´]QDMGXMHVLĊ WXSRPLĊG]\%RĪ\PVáRZHPLZ\SHáQLHQLHPQLHW\ONRZGQLXDOHWDNĪHL3U]\ WU]HFLPG]LHOH/;;]DZLHUD]GDQLHRSRZLDGDMąFHRW\PZMDNLVSRVyEZRG\SRGQLH-EHP]HEUDá\VLĊLXND]DáVLĊVXFK\OąGEUDNJRZWHNĞFLHPDVRUHFNLPGDOHM70
3U]\ EDUG]LHM ZQLNOLZHM DQDOL]LH PRĪHP\ SRWHP ]DXZDĪ\ü WDNĪH ĪH SRV]F]HJyOQH ÄGQL´PRĪQDVRELHSU]\SRU]ąGNRZDüZPQLHMUDPRZ\VSRVyE :LVWRFLHERZLHPĞZLD-WáDVWZRU]RQHZGQLXOHSLHMSDVXMąMDNRNRQW\QXDFMDWHJRFR]RVWDáRVWZRU]RQHZGQLX DQLHZGQLX0RUVNLHVWZRU]HQLD]GQLDZ\SHáQLDMąPRU]DVWZRU]RQHZGQLX DQLHZRG\GROQHRGG]LHORQHZGQLX&]áRZLHN]RVWDMHVWZRU]RQ\ZGQLXDE\U]ąG]Lü ]ZLHU]ĊWDPLVWZRU]RQ\PLZW\PVDP\PGQLXPRUVNLPLVWZRU]HQLDPLLSWDNDPLVWZR-U]RQ\PLZGQLXDOHQLHPDZáDG]\QDGZHJHWDFMą]DSRF]ąWNRZDQąZGQLX/LF]ED QLHUHJXODUQRĞFLZW\P±]SR]RUX±GREU]HSRXNáDGDQ\PWHNĞFLHMHVWZLĊFGRĞüGXĪD &]\UR]ZLą]DOLĞP\MXĪZV]\VWNLHSUREOHP\QDWXU\GLDFKURQLF]QHM" 3RVWU]HJDQLH-KZK±%RJD,]UDHODMDNR%RJD6WZyUF\ZV]HFKĞZLDWDZFDáHMSHáQLSRMD-ZLáDVLĊZ,]UDHOXGRSLHURSRGNRQLHFZ\JQDQLDEDELORĔVNLHJR,]±±± ±±3RGREQDF]ĊVWRWOLZRĞü]DVWRVRZDQLDF]DVRZQLNDEƗUƗ¶RSLVXMąFHJR VWZyUF]ąDNW\ZQRĞü%RJDZ5G]RUD],]SR]ZDODVąG]LüĪHWHNVW\WHLQVSLUR-ZDQHE\á\UHÀHNVMąQDG]DSR]QDQ\PZyZF]DVG]LHG]LFWZHPPLWRORJLLPH]RSRWDPVNLHM QHREDELORĔVNLHM&]ĊĞüEDGDF]\FKFLDáDGRVWU]HFWXUyZQLHĪ]ZáZ5G]ZSá\Z\ ]RURDVWULDQL]PX7HMKLSRWH]\WUXGQRMHGQDNSU]HNRQXMąFRGRZLHĞü3RGREQHGR5G] 5REHUW90F&DEHÄ$&ULWLTXHRIWKH)UDPHZRUN,QWHUSUHWDWLRQRIWKH&UHDWLRQ:HHN´ZComing to Grips with
Genesis: Biblical Authority and the Age of the EarthUHG7HUU\0RVWHQVRQ7KDQH+8U\*UHHQ)RUHVW
±
7DGHXV] %U]HJRZ\ Ä%yJ 6WZRU]\FLHO ZHGáXJ 'HXWHURL]DMDV]D´ Z Bóg Stwórca UHG$QWRQL 3DFLRUHN HW DO 6FULSWXUDH/XPHQ7DUQyZ:\GDZQLFWZR'LHFH]ML7DUQRZVNLHM%LEORV±
0RUWRQ6PLWKÄ,,,VDLDKDQGWKH3HUVLDQV´Journal of the American Oriental Society±-DQ 1%UHPPHUÄ&UHDWLRQ0\WKVLQ$QFLHQW*UHHFH´ZThe Creation of Heaven and Earth: Re-interpretations of
Genesis 1 in the Context of Judaism, Ancient Philosophy, Christianity, and Modern PhysicsUHG*HRUJH+YDQ
.RRWHQ/HLGHQ±
.U\W\F]QLHRWHMNRQFHSFMLSRU-DPHV%DUUÄ7KH4XHVWLRQRI5HOLJLRXV,QÀXHQFH7KH&DVHRI=RURDVWULDQLVP -XGDLVPDQG&KULVWLDQLW\´Journal of the American Academy of Religion±6áDERĞüWH]\ 6PLWKDZ\QLNDáD]PDáHMLORĞFLPDWHULDáXĨUyGáRZHJR]ZLą]DQHJR]]RURDVWULDQL]PHP&\WRZDáRQERZLHPZLVWR-FLHW\ONRMHGHQWHNVWJasnaDSU]\ZRá\ZDQ\SU]H]QLHJRSRWHPNDQRQLF]Q\]ELyUK\PQyZMHVWUDF]HMGXĪR SyĨQLHMV]\1DWHPDWWHNVWyZSHUVNLFKGRW\F]ąF\FKVWZRU]HQLDSRU0DQIUHG+XWWHUReligionen in der Umwelt des
ZSLVDQLHPLVMLZáDGF\ZNRQWHNVWNRVPRORJLF]Q\]QDOHĨüPRĪQDFRSUDZGDQDLQVNU\S-FML'DULXV]D,]JURERZFDZ1DTDVKH5XVWDPDOHSDQRZDáRQZODWDFK±SU]HG &KULWUXGQRVąG]LüĪHWHJRURG]DMXSRJOąG\PRJá\PLHüZSá\ZQD'HXWHUR,]DMDV]D OXEDXWRUyZNDSáDĔVNLFK 5yĪQLFHSRPLĊG]\ZHUVMąKHEUDMVNąLJUHFNą5G]SR]ZD-ODMąVąG]LüĪHRVWDWHF]QDZHUVMDWHNVWXPRJáDE\üXVWDORQD]QDF]QLHSyĨQLHM7HUyĪQLFH SRPLĊG]\70L/;;Z\MDĞQLDVLĊREHFQLHQDGZDVSRVRE\:MHGQ\P]DNáDGDVLĊĪH WáXPDF]/;;OXEUHGDNWRUKHEUDMVNLHJRWHNVWXSRSUDZLáNRKHUHQWQRĞüVZRMHJRVorlage :GUXJLPGRPQLHP\ZDVLĊĪH/;;UHSUH]HQWXMHVWDUV]ąOHSV]ąZHUVMĊWHJRĪVorlage QLĪ701LH]PLHQLDWRIDNWXĪHRELHZHUVMHSRND]XMąLĪLVWQLDá\RGPLHQQHHG\FMHWHJR WHNVWX:LHOXEDGDF]\ZRJyOHXZDĪDĪHWHNVW5G]±WUDG\F\MQLHRNUHĞODQ\MDNRWHNVW NDSáDĔVNLGDOHM3±PRĪHPLHüGáXĪV]ąOLWHUDFNąKLVWRULĊQLĪDNW\ZQRĞüVDPHMV]NRá\ NDSáDĔVNLHM2GGDZQDGRPQLHP\ZDVLĊĪHPRJáDRQDZ\NRU]\VWDüMDNLHĞLVWQLHMąFHMXĪ Vorlage3U]HSUDFRZDQDSU]H]3ZHUVMDW]ZGrundschrift3WDNĪHPRJáDE\üSyĨQLHM GRGDWNRZRUR]EXGRZ\ZDQD :LVWRFLHPRĪQDSU]\MąüĪHDXWRUELEOLMQ\Z\NV]WDáFRQ\NDSáDQ]QDáGREU]HPLW\ PH]RSRWDPVNLHLHJLSVNLHGRW\F]ąFHNRVPRJRQLLRUD]VWZRU]HQLDF]áRZLHND&]ĊĞü]QLFK PyJáZLĊF]DDGDSWRZDüMDNRZ\MĞFLRZHWZRU]\ZRSRPLMDMąFRF]\ZLĞFLHZSURZDG]D-MąFHMH]Z\NOHWHRJRQLH3XQNWHPZ\MĞFLDW\FKPLWyZWDNĪHNDQDQHMVNLFKHJLSVNLFK LJUHFNLFK]DZV]HE\áR]Z\FLĊVWZRQDGSLHUZRWQ\PFKDRVHP5yZQLHĪLGHDVWZRU]HQLD VáRZHP QLH E\áD REFD MHJR ĞURGRZLVNX NXOWXURZHPX WD WHRORJLF]QD NRQFHSFMD ]QDQD E\áDQSZ(JLSFLHDOHPLDáDWDP]DZV]HPDJLF]Q\NRQWHNVW5R]UyĪQLHQLHSRPLĊG]\ DNWDPLVWZyUF]\PLGRNRQDQ\PLVáRZHPĞZLDWáRVXFKD]LHPLDURĞOLQ\LPDMąF\PLEDU- G]LHMU]HPLHĞOQLF]\FKDUDNWHU¿UPDPHQWVWZRU]HQLDPRUVNLHSR]ZDODáRZLHOXEDGD-F]RPVQXüKLSRWH]\RSRáąF]HQLXZ5G]GZyFKSLHUZRWQLHQLH]DOHĪQ\FKWHNVWyZW]Z TatberichtLBefehlsbericht
:LHOXEDGDF]\SRGZDĪDáRMHGQDNNRQLHF]QRĞüWDNLHJRUR]-UyĪQLHQLDDNFHQWXMąF]NROHLOLWHUDFNąNRKHUHQWQRĞüWHNVWX3RG]LDáWHJRURG]DMXMHVWZLĊF G]LĞZ]DVDG]LH]DU]XFRQ\1LHR]QDF]DWRĪH]UH]\JQRZDQR]SUyEGRWDUFLDGRWDNLHJR GRPQLHPDQHJRSLHUZRWQHJRVorlageZ5G]
: LVWRFLH FKRü QD SLHUZV]\ U]XW RND 5G] MDZL VLĊ MDNR NRKHUHQWQD L VWUXNWXUDO-QLHGREU]HGRSUDFRZDQDMHGQRVWNDWHNVWXWRQLHPRĪQDSU]HRF]\üLVWQLHMąF\FKZW\P UR]G]LDOHGUREQ\FKQDSLĊüLVSU]HF]QRĞFL2SUyF]ZVSRPQLDQHJRMXĪIDNWXĪHF]DVHP VWZRU]HQLHGRNRQXMHVLĊW\ONRVáRZHPDF]DVHP%yJWDNĪHGRVáRZQLHFRĞF]\QLHJ]H- 7H[WHDXVGHU8PZHOWGHV$OWHQ7HVWDPHQWV1HXH)ROJH78$71)W*WHUVORK±&]\WDP\ ZQLHMPLQÄ:LHONLPERJLHPMHVW$KXUD0D]GDNWyU\VWZRU]\áWĊ]LHPLĊNWyU\VWZRU]\áWDPWRQLHERNWyU\ VWZRU]\áF]áRZLHNDNWyU\VWZRU]\áUDGRĞüGODOXG]LNWyU\XF]\QLá'DULXV]DNUyOHPNUyOHPVSRĞUyGZLHOX«´SRU ,]
%OHQNLQVRSS Creation SRU %OHQNLQVRSS Isaiah 40–55 7KH $QFKRU <DOH %LEOH &RPPHQWDULHV $% D 1HZ<RUN ± ZVND]XMH ĪH QD F\OLQGU]H &\UXVD 7H[WH DXV GHU 8PZHOW GHV$OWHQ7HVWDPHQWV W,*WHUVORK±ERJLHPVWZyUFąMHVWPH]RSRWDPVNL0DUGXNDQLH$KXUD0D]GD-HJR]GDQLHP QLHSRUyZQ\ZDOQRĞü-KZKMDNR6WZyUF\]LQQ\PLERJDPLWRLGHD]DSRĪ\F]RQD]WUDG\FMLPH]SRWDPVNLFK3RGF]DV QRZRURF]QHJRIHVWLZDOXQDF]HĞü0DUGXNDW]ZĞZLĊWR$NLWXGHNODURZDQRZLPLHQLXWHJREyVWZDPLQÄ-D MHVWHPLQLHPDLQQHJR´SRU,]Enuma Elisz9,, .UJHUGenesis 1:1–2:3 /HPDĔVNL.VLĊJD5RG]DMX±
-HGQ\P ] SUHNXUVRUyZ WHM KLSRWH]\ E\á *HUKDUG YRQ 5DG Die Priesterschrift im Hexateuch 6WXWWJDUW ±±
JHFL]ZUDFDOLUyZQLHĪXZDJĊQDIDNWĪH%yJVWZRU]\áG]LHáZFLąJXGQLVWZRU]H-QLD,FKF]XMQRĞüZ]EXG]DWDNĪHG]LZQ\IDNWĪHZGQLX%yJVWZDU]DFLDáDQLHELHVNLH ÄDE\ĞZLHFLá\QDG]LHPLą´LÄRGG]LHODá\G]LHĔRGQRF\´PLPRĪHZGQLXVWZRU]\áMXĪ ĞZLDWáRDE\RGG]LHODáRG]LHĔRGQRF\6XFKD]LHPLDLQLHERVWZRU]RQH]RVWDMąZGQLX DSWDNLDE\ODWDá\SRGQLHEHPZGQLX:NRĔFX]ZLHU]ĊWDOąGRZHLOXG]LH]RVWDMą VWZRU]HQL Z GQLX 3RWHP MHGQDN W\ONR ZRGQH VWZRU]HQLD SWDNL L OXG]LH RWU]\PXMą EáRJRVáDZLHĔVWZR]DĞ]ZLHU]ĊWDOąGRZHQLH
.ROHMQ\HOHPHQWNWyU\Z]EXG]D]DLQWH-UHVRZDQLH EDGDF]\ WR ]DNRĔF]HQLH GQLD Z RFHQD ÄEDUG]R GREUH´ L SRF]ąWHN NROHMQHJRSRGVXPRZDQLD5G]%UDNZUHV]FLHNRQVHQVXVXFRGRWHJRMDNWáXPD-F]\üSRF]ąWHN5G]:NODV\F]Q\PUR]XPLHQLXVHQV]GDQLDEU]PLQDVWĊSXMąFRÄ1D SRF]ąWNXOXEÄZSRF]ąWNDFK´%yJVWZRU]\áQLHERL]LHPLĊ´WDNZVSRPLQDQDMXĪ/;; 7DNLH UR]XPLHQLH GD VLĊ REURQLü ] JUDPDW\F]QHJR SXQNWX ZLG]HQLD 5yZQLH GREU]H
SRF]ąWNRZ\ OHNVHP PRĪQD MHGQDN LQWHUSUHWRZDü Z VHQVLH Ä-DNR SLHUZV]HSLHUZRFLQ\ VWZRU]\á%yJ«´OXEÄ.LHG\%yJ]DF]ąáVWZDU]Dü«´41.ROHMQ\ZLHUV]5G]PRĪQD
UR]XPLHüMDNRRSLVVWDQXZ\MĞFLRZHJRSU]HGVWZRU]HQLHPOXEMDNRSRF]ąWNRZ\PRPHQW VWZDU]DQLD=SLHUZV]ąLQWHUSUHWDFMąMHVWMHGQDNSUREOHPJG\Ī]LHPLDMXĪ]RVWDáDVWZR-U]RQDSRUZ:GUXJLPSU]\SDGNXFKRG]LáRE\RHIHNWSLHUZV]HJRDNWXVWZRU]HQLD -HGQDNLWXPDP\SRWHPQDSLĊFLHSRPLĊG]\ZRUD]ZZ±JG]LHPRZDMHVWRVWZR-U]HQLX]LHPLZGQLX3RWHPWDNĪHMHĞOLZPDVHQVÄQDSRF]ąWNX%yJVWZRU]\á«´WR UyZQLHĪLQLHERMXĪMHVWDQLHGRSLHURPD]RVWDüVWZRU]RQHZGQLX.ROHMQ\SUREOHP QDWXU\NU\W\F]QROLWHUDFNLHMSRMDZLDVLĊSRPLĊG]\5G]L5G]1DMSLHUZERZLHP GHNODUXMHVLĊĪHG]LHáRVWZRU]HQLD]RVWDáRXNRĔF]RQHZGQLDSRWHPĪH%yJSU]HVWDá SUDFRZDüãEWGRSLHURGQLD5R]ZLą]DQLHPPRĪHE\üUR]XPLHQLHXĪ\WHJRF]DVRZ-QLNDMDNRF]DVXpast perfect]D]QDF]DMąF\XSU]HGQLRĞüMDNLHMĞF]\QQRĞFLOXEGRNRQDVLĊ NRUHNW\WDN3HQW6DPL/;;G]LHĔ]DPLHQLRQ\QDG]LHĔ0LPRZV]\VWNRWUHĞüZ QDGDOMHGQDNVWDQRZLSRZWyU]HQLHWUHĞFLZ44 0DP\]DWHPSU]HGVREą]MHGQHMVWURQ\WHNVWZ\ND]XMąF\NRQFHSWXDOQąLVWUXNWXUDOQą NRKHUHQFMĊ]GUXJLHM]DĞQLHMHVWRQSR]EDZLRQ\ORJLF]Q\FKQDSLĊüLQLHUHJXODUQRĞFL)DNW WHQF]DVHPWáXPDF]RQRÄVWUDWHJLąUHWRU\F]Qą´OXEÄLQWHQFMą´DXWRUDELEOLMQHJRLQQ\P UD]HP]DĞMDNRĞODG\KLVWRULLMHJRNRPSR]\F\MQHJRFKDUDNWHUX:SLHUZV]\PSU]\SDGNX QDSLĊFLDORJLF]QHDOERVLĊHOLPLQXMHDOERLJQRUXMHDZW\PGUXJLPZ\MDĞQLDMHMDNRHIHNW QDáRĪHQLDVLĊQDVLHELHRGPLHQQ\FKNRQFHSFMLWHRORJLF]Q\FKZ\UDĪRQ\FKSU]H]DXWRUD )DNWWHQPRĪQDRF]\ZLĞFLHWáXPDF]\üĞZLDGRP\P]DELHJLHPQDUUDF\MQ\PNRQNXUHQF\MQRĞüQD]LHPLSRPLĊG]\ ]ZLHU]ĊWDPLLOXGĨPLDOHQLHSR]EDZLDQDVWRMHGQDNSRGHMU]HĔĪHWHNVWSLHUZRWQLHPyJáPLHü]XSHáQLHLQQH LQWHQFMHQLĪZ\QLNDWR]ZHUVMLNDQRQLF]QHM
3RUF]ĊVWRSU]\ZRá\ZDQDDQDOL]Ċ(UQVW-HQQLÄ'LH3UlSRVLWLRQ%HWK´ZDie hebräische Präpositionen6WXWWJDUW QQ
:ROIJDQJ2VZDOGÄ'DV(UVWOLQJVZHUN*RWWHV=XUhEHUVHW]XQJYRQ*HQ´Zeitschrift für die alttestamentliche
Wissenschaft±]Zá
41 6PLWKThe Priestly Vision± .UJHUÄ*HQHVLV±´
7KRPDV.UJHUÄ6FK|SIXQJXQG6DEEDWLQ*HQHVLV±´ZSprachen – Bilder – KlängeDimensionen der
Theologie im Alten Testament und seine UmfeldUHG&.DUUHY*UXEH$OWHU2ULHQWXQG$OWHV7HVWDPHQW$2$7
0QFKHQ± 44 .UJHUÄ*HQHVLV±´
yZ2GWZRU]HQLHSRWHQFMDOQHJRÄRU\JLQDOQHJR´WHNVWXQLHMHVWMHGQDNU]HF]ąáDWZą-HGQą ]RVWDWQLFKSUyEZ\MDĞQLHQLDKLVWRULLWHNVWX]5G]MHVWDQDOL]DNU\W\F]QROLWHUDFNDELR-UąFDSRGXZDJĊKLVWRULĊUR]ZRMXFDáHJR3LĊFLRNVLĊJX7U]HEDMHGQDN]DXZDĪ\üĪHHIHNW\ WDNLHMDQDOL]\Z]DOHĪQRĞFLRGDXWRUDPRJąE\üEDUG]RUyĪQH 2ELHFXMąFDZW\PJUR-QLHZ\GDMHVLĊMHGQD]RVWDWQLFKSURSR]\FMLDXWRUVWZD7KRPDVD.UJHUD 8ZDĪDRQĪHQDMSURĞFLHMWDNąDQDOL]Ċ]DF]ąüRGZ\HOLPLQRZDQLD5G]±=MHGQHM VWURQ\PDP\WXERZLHPSRGHMU]DQHSRGZ]JOĊGHPNU\W\F]QROLWHUDFNLPZSURZDG]HQLH 5G]D]GUXJLHMZĞURGRZLVNRZ\PLNXOWXURZ\PRWRF]HQLX,]UDHODQLHPDSU]\- NáDGyZ]DVWRVRZDQLDVLHGPLRGQLRZHMVWUXNWXU\ZRSLVDFKNRVPRJHQLF]Q\FKLDQWURSR-ORJLF]Q\FK7KRPDV.UJHUVáXV]QLH]ZUDFDSRQDGWRXZDJĊĪHZGDOV]HMVHNZHQFML
WHNVWyZNDSáDĔVNLFKW]ZP basic layerĺ5G]JHQHDORJLD$GDPD5G]± SRWRS DQW\VWZRU]HQLH5G]XVWDOHQLHQRZHJRSRU]ąGNXĞZLDWDSRSRWRSLHQLH]RVWDMHSRGMĊW\ WHPDWV]DEDWX.LHG\SRZUyFLVLĊGRQLHJR:MV]DEDWZ\GDMHVLĊE\üÄLQQ\PGQLHP´ RGNU\W\PG]LĊNLZ\GDU]HQLRPQDSXVW\QLPDQQDDOHLWXQLHPDĪDGQHJREH]SRĞUHG-QLHJRQDZLą]DQLDGRNDSáDĔVNLHJRRSLVXVWZRU]HQLD3RZLą]DQLHSRPLĊG]\V]DEDWHP LVWZRU]HQLHP]QDMGXMHP\GRSLHURZ:M'HNDORJL:MELQVWUXNFMHGRW\-F]ąFHEXGRZ\1DPLRWXĝZLąW\QL-DNSRGNUHĞOD.UJHUZ]JRGQHMRSLQLLHJ]HJHWyZ 'HNDORJQLHVWDQRZLáF]ĊĞFLGRNXPHQWX3DQLZMHJRSRGVWDZRZHMZHUVML3*
DQLZSyĨ-QLHMV]\FK X]XSHáQLHQLDFK 36 1DOHĪ\ ]DWHP OLF]\ü VLĊ Z W\P SLHUZV]\P SU]\SDGNX
]X]XSHáQLHQLHPpost3PDMąF\PQDFHOXX]DVDGQLHQLHF]HPXOXG]LHSRZLQQLSRZVWU]\-P\ZDüVLĊRGSUDF\ZGQLXSRULQQHX]DVDGQLHQLHZ3ZW7DNĪH:M± ]DOLF]DQHMHVWSU]H]EDGDF]\FRQDMZ\ĪHMGRSyĨQHMZDUVWZ\X]XSHáQLHĔZUDPDFK3 W]Z36DVDPZEPRĪHE\üMHV]F]HSyĨQLHMV]\PGRGDWNLHP:\GDMHVLĊVWDQRZLü GRSRZLHG]HQLHGRLGHLÄ]QDNX´SRPLĊG]\%RJLHPL,]UDHOHPSRU:MDLEUDN JRZSDUDOHOQ\PWHNĞFLH]:M±49,GHD]ZLą]DQD]NRQFHSFMąÄRGSRF]\QNX%RJD´ EDUG]LHMQLĪ]3áąF]\VLĊ]WHNVWDPLSU]\SLV\ZDQ\PLQLH3SRU5G]LE\üPRĪH SRMDZLáDVLĊMDNRMHGHQ]HOHPHQWyZ]ZLą]DQ\FK]SRáąF]HQLHPREXWUDG\FMLW]Zredac-tional layer &KULVWRSK/HYLQÄ7DWEHULFKWXQG:RUWEHULFKWLQGHU3ULHVWHUVFKULIWOLFKHQ6FK|SIXQJVHU]lKOXQJ´Zeitschrift für
Theologie und Kirche
±3HWHU:HLPDUÄ&KDRVXQG.RVPRV*HQDOV6FKOVVHOHLQHUlO-WHUHU )DVVXQJGHUSULHVWHUVFKULIWOLFKHQ6FK|SIXQJVHU]lKOXQJ´ZMythos im Alten Testament und seine Umwelt UHG$/DQJHHWDO%HLKHIWH]XU=HLWVFKULIWIUGLH$OWWHVWDPHQWOLFKH:LVVHQVFKDIW%=$:%HUOLQ ±.UJHUÄ*HQHVLV±´±
.UJHUÄ*HQHVLV±´
1DWHPDWWHJRWHNVWXLMHJR]áRĪRQHMSRGZ]JOĊGHPNU\W\F]QROLWHUDFNLPV\WXDFMLSRU-DQXV]/HPDĔVNLOd manny
na pustyni do manny ukrytej. Rozwój tradycji o mannie w Starym i Nowym Testamencie
5R]SUDZ\L6WXGLD8QL-ZHUV\WHWX6]F]HFLĔVNLHJR5L6866]F]HFLQ±
.UJHUÄ*HQHVLV±´SU]\SLVOLWHUDWXUDSRUWDNĪH$OH[DQGUD*UXQGDie Entstehung des Sabbats )RUVFKXQJHQ]XP$OWHQ7HVWDPHQW)$77ELQJHQ 49 *UXQGDie Entstehung± /HYLQTatbericht.UJHUGenesis 1:1–2:3±2VWDWQL]EDGDF]\SU]\SLVVáXV]QLH]DXZDĪD ĪHNRQFHSFMDSRáąF]HQLDLGHLVWZRU]HQLDĞZLDWDLEXGRZ\ĞZLąW\QL5G]±:M±ZLGRF]QD]ZáDV]F]D ZSRGREQ\FKLQIRUPDFMDFKR]DNRĔF]HQLXG]LHáD5G]±L:MSRU6PLWKThe Priestly Vision±QLHVWDQRZLDUJXPHQWXSU]HFLZQHJRSRZ\ĪV]\PZQLRVNRPSRUDUJXPHQW\Z.UJHUÄ*HQHVLV –´SU]\SLV
:\áąF]HQLHV]DEDWX]SLHUZRWQHMZHUVMLWHNVWXQLHUR]ZLą]XMHZV]\VWNLFKSUREOHPyZ 1DGDOERZLHPSR]RVWDMHZUDĪHQLHĪHQLHER]LHPLDLĞZLDWáRD]RVWDá\VWZRU]RQHZ5G] GZDUD]\1DW\PHWDSLH]DF]\QDMąVLĊ]UHV]Wą]DVDGQLF]HUyĪQLFHZHIHNWDFKGRNRQD-Q\FKGRWąGDQDOL]NU\W\F]QROLWHUDFNLFKNWyU\FKDXWRU]\SUyEXMąGRWU]HüGRW]Zbasic layer Z5G]2VLąJQLĊFLHNRQVHQVXVXMDNLZRJyOHRGQDOH]LHQLHZSHáQLSU]HNRQX-MąFHJRZ\MĞFLRZHJRstratumZW\PWHNĞFLH]UHV]WąSUDZGRSRGREQLHQLJG\QLHEĊG]LH PRĪOLZH0RĪQDMHGQDNSRNXVLüVLĊSU]\QDMPQLHMRSUyEĊ]EOLĪHQLDVLĊGRRU\JLQDOQHM Z\MĞFLRZHMZHUVMLWHNVWX*G\E\GODSU]\NáDGXZ\áąF]\ü]5G]RSLVWU]HFKSLHUZV]\FK GQL VWZRU]HQLD 5G] ± D ] GDOV]HM F]ĊĞFL RSLVX QDU]XFRQą Z QLFK SRGVWDZRZą VWUXNWXUĊSRZWDU]DMąF\FKVLĊ]GDĔRNWyU\FKPRZDE\áDSRZ\ĪHMWRPLHOLE\ĞP\SU]HG RF]DPLWHNVW]QDMGXMąF\VLĊZQDVWĊSXMąF\FKZLHUV]DFK5G] 3RF]ąWHNLNRQLHFWHMVHNZHQFML5G]GHNODUXMą¿QDOQ\HIHNW VWZRU]HQLDNWyUH%yJEáRJRVáDZLWMGDMHPXVLáĊGRĪ\FLD7HQSLHUZRWQ\VWDQ]RVWDMH MHGQDN]DNáyFRQ\JG\SRĞUyGĪ\Z\FKVWZRU]HĔSRMDZLDVLĊSU]HPRF7DNLĞZLDWWUDFLGOD 6WZyUF\GDOV]\VHQVLVWQLHQLD5G]±LQRZH]DVDG\Z5G]± .DSáDĔVNLH]DLQWHUHVRZDQLDW\PWHNVWHPPRJá\áąF]\üVLĊ]RGEXGRZąĞZLąW\QL-HM EXGRZDVWDQRZLáD]ZLHĔF]HQLHZLHOXPLWyZNUHDF\MQ\FKZ0H]RSRWDPLLQSEnuma EliszL.DQDDQLHCykl o Baalu1LHPRĪQDZ\NOXF]\üWX]DPLHU]RQHMSU]H]3NRUHODFML SRPLĊG]\VWZRU]HQLHPĞZLDWD5G]±LEXGRZą1DPLRWXĝZLąW\QL:M± =DáR-ĪHQLDWHRORJLF]QH3PRJá\E\E\üQDVWĊSXMąFHQDSRF]ąWNX%yJVWZRU]\áQLHERL]LHPLĊ ]DжƗGƗPZVHQVLHRJyOQ\PF]áRZLHNMDNRWDNLOXG]NRĞü E\áMHJRMHG\Q\PSUDZR-PRFQ\PREUD]HPQD]LHPL7HQVWDQ]RVWDá]DNáyFRQ\SU]H]SU]HPRFLQQ\FKĪ\Z\FK VWZRU]HĔMDNLQDGXĪ\FLDVDP\FKOXG]L5G]± 2VWDWHF]QLHZLĊF%yJGHF\GXMHVLĊ QDEXGRZĊVZHJRVDQNWXDULXPQD]LHPLDE\XVWDQRZLüPLHMVFHZNWyU\PEĊG]LHPyJá XĞZLĊFLü,]UDHODSRU:M± =DNáDGDMąFĪH3SRVáXĪ\áVLĊWXMDNLPĞZVSRPQLDQ\PSRZ\ĪHMLVWQLHMąF\PMXĪWHN-VWHPPXVLP\ZVND]DüQDWRFRLGODF]HJRZQLPX]XSHáQLá5DF]HM3QDGDáWHNVWRZL V]HĞFLRGQLRZ\VFKHPDWZ\GDU]HĔ:VSRVRELHVIRUPXáRZDQLDZ\SRZLHG]L]5G]E Ä:GQLXNLHG\-KZKXF]\QLá]LHPLĊLQLHER´Z\GDMHVLĊĪH]DNáDGDQ\MHVWW\ONRMHGHQ G]LHĔVWZRU]HQLD:Z\MĞFLRZHMZHUVMLRSLVXVWZRU]HQLDMHJRSRF]ąWHNSRU5G] ZVND]XMHQDWRĪH]LHPLD]RVWDáDRGG]LHORQDRGZyGDOHEUDNMHMMHV]F]HÀRU\LIDXQ\ E\áDVXFKD"=RVWDQąRQHGRSLHURVWZRU]RQHSU]H]%RJDSRU5G]QQ3VQQ : UR]V]HU]RQ\P SU]H] 3 WHNĞFLH ]DNáDGD VLĊ ĪH ]LHPLD MHVW MHV]F]H SRNU\WD ZRGDPL NWyUH]RVWDMąXVXQLĊWHLZ\]QDF]DVLĊLPJUDQLFH:WHQVSRVyEXND]XMHVLĊVXFK\OąG3V
.UJHUÄ*HQHVLV±´
3RUNODV\F]QHMXĪG]LĞRSUDFRZDQLH%HUQG-DQRZVNLÄ7HPSHOXQG6FK|SIXQJ6FK|SIXQJVWKHRORJLVFKH$VSHN-WHGHUSULHVWHUVFKULIWOLFKHQ+HLOLJWXPVNRQ]HSWLRQ´ Jahrbuch für Biblische Theologie± %HUQG -DQRZVNLGottes Gegenwart in Israel: Beiträge zur Theologie des Alten Testaments1HXNLUFKHQ±9OX\Q ± 1LHPRĪQDMHGQDNZ\NOXF]\üĪHLGHDMHVWWDNDLĪ%yJVWZRU]\áSURWRW\SLFKRüZV]\VWNLHĪ\ZHVWZRU]HQLDPXV]ą PLHüSDU\WRZSXQNFLHZ\MĞFLDF]áRZLHN]RVWDáVWZRU]RQ\MDNRPĊVNLHJ]HPSODU]¶ƗGƗPQLJG\QLHZ\VWĊSXMH ZOLF]ELHPQRJLHMGDMąFPXSRWHQFMDáUR]URGF]\DE\VLĊSRPQRĪ\áWDN5G]QQ .UJHUÄ*HQHVLV±´ =ZUDFDQDWRXZDJĊPLQ:DOWKHU=LPPHUOL0RVH±8UJHVFKLFKWH=UFKHU%LEHONRPPHQWDU=%. =ULFK
QQ7DLGHDSRNU\ZDVLĊ]PH]RSRWDPVNLPLNRQFHSFMDPLK\GURNRVPRORJLF]Q\PL PLWLugal ud me—lam-bi nir-galEnuma EliszSRUWHĪ3VQQQQQQ
L HJLSVNą KHOLRSROLWDĔVNą LGHą SUDSDJyUND Z\áRQLRQHJR ] SLHUZRWQHJR SUDRFHDQX 1XQ=PLWDPLSRNU\ZDVLĊWDNĪHSRGNUHĞODQDZSRV]HU]RQHMNDSáDĔVNLHMZHUVML5G] ± NRQFHSFMDÄRGG]LHODQLD´bdl+L¿OE\WyZSRGF]DVSURFHVXVWZDU]DQLD7DN ZLĊF%yJRGG]LHODĞZLDWáRRGFLHPQRĞFLZRG\JyUQHRGZyGGROQ\FKLF]\QLFLDáDQLH-ELHVNLHDE\RGG]LHODá\G]LHĔRGQRF\6DPUG]HĔF]DVRZQLNRZ\RSLVXMąF\WDNLSURFHV SRMDZLDVLĊGRĞüF]ĊVWRZ3LĊFLRNVLĊJXSRU:MZ.SáL/ESRUD]\3ZW UD]\:WHNVWDFKQDOHĪąF\FKGR3R]QDF]D]Z\NOHVHSDUDFMĊOXEUR]UyĪQLHQLHNROHMQ\FK VWRSQLĞZLĊWRĞFLLF]\VWRĞFLU\WXDOQHM:M.SáRGG]LHOHQLH OHZLWyZ RG LQQ\FK,]UDHOLWyZ /E SRERĪQ\FK RG QLHSRERĪQ\FK /E RUD],]UDHOLWyZRGLQQ\FKQDURGyZ.SáSRU(]1H :NRQVHNZHQFMLMHĞOLSU]\MPLHP\ĪH3*NRĔF]\áRVLĊSRF]ąWNRZRQDRVWDWQLFK UR]G]LDáDFK.VLĊJL:\MĞFLDWRZLĊNV]RĞüSU]\NáDGyZ]DVWRVRZDQLDWHJRUG]HQLDQDOHĪ\ áąF]\ü]SyĨQLHMV]\PLUHGDNWRUDPL36:NRQVHNZHQFMLUyZQLHĪUHGDNF\MQDZDUVWZD NDSáDĔVND]5G]PRJáDE\E\üG]LHáHPUHGDNWRUyZVXSOHPHQWXMąF\FKRU\JLQDOQąZHUVMĊ RSLVXVWZRU]HQLD =LGHąVHSDUDFMLĞFLĞOHáąF]\VLĊUyZQLHĪSRZWDU]DQHZ5G]VWZLHUG]HQLHÄZHGáXJ VZRMHJRURG]DMX´5]HF]RZQLNmîn±ÄW\SJDWXQHNURG]DM´5G]±Z%LEOLL KHEUDMVNLHMSRMDZLDVLĊMHV]F]HPLQX(]ZVXPLHUD]\5G]ZVXPLH UD]\SRWHPUD]\Z.SáLUD]\Z3ZW:\GDMHVLĊE\üFKDUDNWHU\VW\F]Q\ GODSyĨQLHMV]\FKX]XSHáQLHĔ36FRZ\UDĨQLHZLGDüZHZWyUQ\PSRG]LDOHQD]ZLHU]ĊWD F]\VWHLQLHF]\VWHMDNLSRMDZLDVLĊZRSLVLHSRWRSX5G]±8ĞFLĞOHQLHWHJRURG]DMX Z\QLND]IDNWX]áRĪHQLDSU]H]1RHJRR¿DU\5G] QLH3RUD]SyĨQLHMV]\FKSU]H-SLVyZSRNDUPRZ\FK5G] 3:W\PRVWDWQLPWHNĞFLHEUDNUR]UyĪQLHQLDF]\VWH± QLHF]\VWHZLĊFUR]UyĪQLHQLHJDWXQNRZHZ\GDMHVLĊSU]\QDOHĪHüGR36
3LHUZV]\WHNVWTexte aus der Umwelt des Alten Testaments78$7,,,*WHUVORK±GUXJL-y]HI %URPVNLUHG(QXPD(OLãF]\OLRSRZLHĞüEDELORĔVNDRSRZVWDQLXĞZLDWD:DUV]DZD2PyZLHQLH2WKPDU
.HHO6LOYLD6FKURHUSchöpfung. Biblische Theologien im Kontext altorientalischer Religionen*|WWLQJHQ ± Ä.RVPRJRQLH´Z6áRZQLNF\ZLOL]DFMLHJLSVNLHMUHG*X\5DFKHO.DWRZLFH±-DGZLJD/LSLĔVND 0DUHN0DUFLQLDN0LWRORJLDVWDURĪ\WQHJR(JLSWX:DUV]DZD± 3URSR]\FMDDE\ZWHQVDPVSRVyEWáXPDF]\üUyZQLHĪF]DVRZQLNEU¶MHVWMXĪMHGQDNPQLHMSU]HNRQXMąFDSRU(O-OHQ9DQ:ROGHÄ:K\WKH9HUEEU¶'RHV1RW0HDQV©WR&UHDWHªLQ*HQHVLV±D´-RXUQDOIRUWKH6WXG\RI WKH2OG7HVWDPHQW±%RE%HFNLQJ0DUMR&$&RUSHOÄ7R&UHDWHWR6HSDUDWHRUWR&RQVWUXFW$Q $OWHUQDWLYHIRU$5HFHQW3URSRVDODVWRWKH,QWHUSUHWDWLRQRIEUµLQ*HQ±D´-RXUQDORI+HEUDLF6WXGLHV GRVWĊSKWWSZZZDUWVXDOEHUWDFD-+6$UWLFOHVDUWLFOHBSGI
5DLQHU$OEHUW] The Late Exilic Book of Exodus (Exodus 1–34*): A Contribution to the Pentateuchal
Discus-sionZThe Pentateuch)RUVFKXQJHQ]XP$OWHQ7HVWDPHQW)$7UHG7%'R]HPDQLLQ7ELQJHQ
±X]QDMHMHGQDN:M±]DSyĨQLHMV]HX]XSHáQLHQLD.ROHMQHMNRUHNW\FRGR]DNRĔF]HQLD3*DXWRUWHQ GRNRQXMHZVZRLPRVWDWQLPNRPHQWDU]XSRU5DLQHU$OEHUW]Exodus 19–40=UFKHU%LEHONRPPHQWDU$OWHV7HV-WDPHQW=%.$7=ULFK .UJHUÄ*HQHVLV±´± /XGZLJ.RHKOHU:DOWHU%DXPJDUWQHU-RKDQQ-DFRE6WDPPUHG:LHONLVáRZQLNKHEUDMVNRSROVNLLDUDPHMVNR--polskiW:DUV]DZD -HDQ/RXLV6NDÄ(OUHODWRGHOGLOXYLR8QUHODWRVDFHUGRWDO\DOJXQRVIUDJPHQWRVUHGDFWLRQDOHVSRVWHULRUV´Estu-dios Biblicos±
.ROHMQD GXSOLNDFMD ZLGRF]QD Z 3 WR 5G] ± %yJ ZLG]L ĪH ]LHPLD MHVW ÄVND-ĪRQD´5G]D0DP\WXZ\UDĨQ\NRQWUDVWZREHFZF]HĞQLHMV]HJRVWZLHUG]HQLDĪH ZV]\VWNRE\áRÄEDUG]RGREUH´5G]D3U]HNRQDQLHRW\PĪHZROD%RĪDZ\SHáQLD VLĊRGUD]XMHVWZ6WDU\P7HVWDPHQFLHGRĞüSRZV]HFKQHSRU3VĝZLDW]RVWDá MHGQDNVNDĪRQ\=DXWU]\PDQLHSRU]ąGNXXVWDORQHJRSU]H]%RJD]MHGQHMVWURQ\RGSR-ZLHG]LDOQHVąFLDáDQLHELHVNLH5G]D]GUXJLHM±F]áRZLHNVWZRU]RQ\QDÄREUD] LSRGRELHĔVWZR´VZHJR6WZyUF\5G]=WHJRVWZLHUG]HQLDQLHZ\QLNDMHV]F]H ZSURVWĪHNRELHWDWDNĪHVWDQRZLimago DeiDOHWHĪVLĊWHJRQLHZ\NOXF]D]ZáDV]F]DMHĞOL KƗ¶ƗGƗPUR]XPLHP\NROHNW\ZQLHOXG]LHOXEJHQHU\F]QLHOXG]NRĞüF]áRZLHN,QIRU-PDFMDĪH%yJVWZRU]\áÄF]áRZLHNDPĊĪF]\]QąLNRELHWą´5G]EVWDQRZLZ\UDĨQH GRSRZLHG]HQLHQDZLą]XMąFHGRVáyZ]5G]0RĪOLZHĪH]RVWDáRWRGRSUHF\]RZDQH GRSLHUR JG\ 5G] ]RVWDáR SRáąF]RQH ] RSRZLDGDQLHP R RJURG]LH (GHQ 5G] ± JG]LHZ\UDĨQLHVWZLHUG]DVLĊĪH%yJVWZRU]\á¶ƗGƗP DSRWHP]MHJRERNXÄ]EXGRZDá´ NRELHWĊF]\QLąF¶ƗGƗPPĊĪF]\]QąLNRELHWą¶vãRUD]¶LããkSRU5G]E1LHPRĪQD Z\NOXF]\üĪHWDSURSRQRZDQDSU]H].UJHUDSLHUZRWQDZHUVMD5G]VWDQRZLáDSRSUR-VWXRU\JLQDOQLHZVWĊSQąF]ĊĞüRSRZLDGDQLD]5G]±QLH3L]RVWDáDUR]G]LHORQDRG UHV]W\SRSU]H]NDSáDĔVNLHX]XSHáQLHQLDUHGDNF\MQH 7DNLSURFHVUHLQWHUSUHWDFMLSLHUZRWQHJRVorlage7KRPDV.UJHUWáXPDF]\IDNWHPĪH ZVWDURĪ\WQRĞFLQLHÄSXEOLNRZDQR´WHNVWXWDNMDNF]\QLVLĊWRG]LVLDMOHF]QLHXVWDQQLHJR SU]HSLV\ZDQRF]\QLąFNROHMQHNRSLHLXERJDFDMąFMHNRPHQWDU]HPXPLHV]F]DQ\PEH]-SRĞUHGQLRZWHNĞFLH8]XSHáQLHQLDWHEUDá\VLĊ]FLąJáHMUHÀHNVMLQDGWHNVWHPLQRZ\PL GRĞZLDGF]HQLDPL:NRQVHNZHQFMLF]\WDMąF5G]QLHPRĪHP\P\ĞOHüRMHGQ\PW\ONR DXWRU]Hindividual genius productOHF]RSHZQ\PĞURGRZLVNXZNWyU\PGRNRQ\ZDáD VLĊWUDQVPLVMDRUD]LQWHUSUHWDFMDWHNVWXbroad stream of cultural tradition:VSyOQą
LGHąSRG]LHODQąSU]H]WRĞURGRZLVNRE\áRSU]HNRQDQLHĪHÄQDSRF]ąWNX´%yJVWZRU]\á L]DUD]HPXNRĔF]\áÄQLHERL]LHPLĊ´creatio prima:%LEOLLKHEUDMVNLHM]QDMGXMHP\ SRWHPMHGQDNZLHOHLQQ\FKWHNVWyZZNWyU\FKPRZDMHVWRQLHXVWDQQLHNRQW\QXRZDQ\P SURFHVLHVWZDU]DQLD .UJHUÄ*HQHVLV±´ .UJHUÄ*HQHVLV±´ .UJHUÄ*HQHVLV±´±
=HZVND]DQLHPQD'DYLG0F/DLQ&DUUWriting on the Tablet of the Heart: Origins of Scripture and Literature 1HZ<RUN±2[IRUG.DUHO9DQGHU7RRUQScribal Culture and the Making of the Hebrew Bible&DPEULGJH
.UJHUÄ*HQHVLV±´
.DUO/|QLQJ(ULFK=HQJHUAls Anfang schuf Gott: Biblische Schöpfungstheologie'VVHOGRUI2WKPDU .HHO6LOYLD6FKURHUSchöpfung-DQXV]/HPDĔVNLÄ%yJVWZDU]DQLHERL]LHPLĊ3\WDQLHRUROĊWHRORJLLVWZRU]H-QLDZUDPDFKWHRORJLLELEOLMQHM´ZBóg StwórcaUHG$QWRQL3DFLRUHNHWDO6FULSWXUDH/XPHQ7DUQyZ ±]Zá±
3VMDNRLQWHUWHNVWQDGURG]HGRVFKHPDWXGQLVWZRU]HQLD" 7DNąWH]ĊZ\VXQąá5LFKDUG$YHUEHFN'REU]HZSLVXMHVLĊRQDZSURSRQRZDQąSU]H] .UJHUDWH]ĊRLVWQLHQLXSLHUZRWQHJRVorlageZNWyU\PQLH]DNáDGDVLĊVFKHPDWX 3RGVWDZRZ\SUREOHPRMDNLPQDOHĪ\MHGQDNSDPLĊWDüMHVWIDNWĪHZSU]\SDGNX5G] PDP\GRF]\QLHQLD]ÄSRHW\]RZDQą´QDUUDFMą]DĞ3VMHVWWHNVWHPSRHW\FNLPZSHá- Q\PWHJRVáRZD]QDF]HQLX.DSáDĔVNLRSLVVWZRU]HQLDMHVWSRQDGWRURG]DMHPNRVPRJR-QLLDSVDOPLVWDVWDUDVLĊUDF]HMZLHOELü%RJD6WZyUFĊ]DGRNRQDQHSU]H]QLHJRG]LHáR VWZRU]HQLD :REXWHNVWDFK]QDMGXMHP\MHGQDNREVHUZDFMHGRW\F]ąFHWHMVDPHMU]HF]\-ZLVWRĞFL&KRüZ3VQLHPDZ\UDĨQHJRSRG]LDáXQDGQLWRPDP\WXMHGQDNRSLV NROHMQ\FKÄDNWyZ]DáRĪ\FLHOVNLFK´W]Zcreatio primaNWyU\FKQDVWĊSVWZDWUZDMąGDOHM 3VDOPVWUXNWXUDOQLHLWHPDW\F]QLHSU]\SRPLQDVá\QQ\HJLSVNLK\PQ]F]DVyZ(FKQD-WRQD(J]HJHFLVSLHUDMąVLĊFRGRWHJRFRVWDQRZLMHJRGrundschichtDFRZSVDOPLH MHVWHIHNWHPUHGDNF\MQ\FKX]XSHáQLHĔDWDNĪHRWRLOHLFKE\áRLNRPXQDOHĪ\MHSU]\SL-VDü1LHPDMąMHGQDNZąWSOLZRĞFLĪHNRUSXVSVDOPXE\áZWyUQLHSRV]HU]DQ\ 3VÄQDĞODGXMH´NROHMQRĞüGQLVWZRU]HQLDFKRü±MDNZVSRPQLHOLĞP\±Z\UDĨQLH RWDNLPSRG]LDOHVLĊWXQLHZVSRPLQD3RGZ]JOĊGHPNROHMQRĞFL]GDU]HĔRSLVUR]ZLMDVLĊ MHGQDNSRGREQLHMDNZ5G]0RĪHP\]DWHP]DREVHUZRZDüQDVWĊSXMąFHSDUDOHOH5G] ±ĺ3VE±DĞZLDWáR5G]±ĺ3VE±QLHELRVDZUD]]REáRNDPL ZLDWU ĞZLDWáRĞü 5G] ± ĺ 3V ± VXFKD ]LHPLD ZDUXQNL XPRĪOLZLDMąFH Ī\FLH5G]±ĺ3V±VáRĔFHNVLĊĪ\F5G]±ĺ3V±
PRU]HPRUVNLHVWZRU]HQLD/HZLDWDQ5G]±ĺ3V±]ZLHU]ĊWDOąGRZH OXG]LH1LHNWyU]\NRPHQWDWRU]\VXJHURZDOLZ]ZLą]NX]W\PLSRGRELHĔVWZDPLĪH DXWRUNDSáDĔVNLPyJáSRSURVWXSRVáXĪ\üVLĊW\PSVDOPHP
MDNRMHGQ\P]HVZRLFKĨUy- 5LFKDUG($YHUEHFNÄ$/LWHUDU\'D\,QWHU7H[WXDODQG&RQWH[WXDO5HDGLQJRI*HQHVLV±´ZReading Genesis
1±2An Evangelical ConversationUHG-'DU\O&KDUOHV3HDERG\±
-RKQ*ROGLQJD\PsalmsWPsalms 90±150%DNHU&RPPHQWDU\RQWKH2OG7HVWDPHQW*UDQG5DSLGV *ROGLQJD\Psalms)UDQN/RWKDU+RVVIHOG(ULFK=HQJHUPsalmen 101±150
+HUGHUV7KHRORJLVFKHU.RP-PHQWDU]XP$OWHQ7HVWDPHQW+7K.$7)UHLEXUJ±%DVHO±:LHQ
:DOWHU%H\HUOLQUHGReligionsgeschichtliches Textbuch zum Alten Testament'DV$OWH7HVWDPHQW'HXWVFK$7' (UJlQ]XQJVUHLKH*|WWLQJHQ±7H[WHDXVGHU8PZHOWGHV$OWHQ7HVWDPHQWV78$7,,*WHUVORK ±:LOOLDP:+DOORUHGThe Context of
Scripture&6W/HLGHQ±%RVWRQ±3RGR- ELHĔVWZDSRPLĊG]\3VDOPHPLHJLSVNLPK\PQHPVąMHGQDNQDW\OHRJyOQHĪHQLHGDVLĊZ\ND]DüEH]SRĞUHG-QLHM]DOHĪQRĞFLSRU3LHUUH$XIIUHW+\PQHVG¶eJ\SWHHWG¶,VUDsOeWXGHVGHVWUXFWXUHVOLWWpUDLUHV2UELVELEOLFXVHW RULHQWDOLV2%2)ULERXUJ±*|WWLQJHQ±
+RVVIHOGL=HQJHUPsalmen±:F\WRZDQ\PNRPHQWDU]XW]ZGrundschicht WRZZD%±±± ± ]DĞX]XSHáQLHQLDUHGDNF\MQHWRZZ±±E±±
$YHUEHFNA Literary Day±
0DP\WXNROHMQRXVWąSLHQLHZyGLZ\áRQLHQLHVLĊVXFKHM]LHPL3V±ĺ5G]±ĨUyGáDLVWUXPLHQLH XPRĪOLZLDMąFHQDSRMHQLH]ZLHU]ąW3V±ZHJHWDFMĊURĞOLQQDSRNDUP3V±ĺ5G]± :\MDĞQLD VLĊ WX ĪH QRF SU]H]QDF]RQD MHVW GOD GUDSLHĪQLNyZ 3V ± D G]LHĔ GOD OXG]L DE\ PRJOL
Z\NRQ\ZDüVZąSUDFĊ3V±
GHáOXEĪHWRSVDOPLVWDPLDáSU]HGRF]\PD5G]±=GDQLHP-RKQD*ROGLQJD\DRED
WHNVW\PDMąMHGQDNMDNWRXMPXMHtheir individual integrity and read more like indepen-dent works with overlapping foci1LHPQLHMSRUyZQDQLHREXWHNVWyZ]HVREą±]GDQLHP WHJRVDPHJREDGDF]D±SR]ZDODOHSLHMXZ\GDWQLüQDWXUĊNDĪGHJR]QLFK
5LFKDUG $YHUEHFN WDNĪH XZDĪD ĪH ZVND]DQH SRZ\ĪHM SRGRELHĔVWZD Vą Z LVWRFLH
XGHU]DMąFHLQLHPRJąSR]RVWDüEH]LPSOLNDFMLGODQDV]HMLQWHUSUHWDFML5G].LONDHOH-PHQWyZZW\PVFKHPDFLHZ\ND]XMHMHGQDN]DVDGQLF]HUyĪQLFH]DFKRG]ąFHSRPLĊG]\ 3VL5G]8ZDJĊ]ZUDFDQDMSLHUZIDNWĪHZ3V]ZLHU]ĊWDLOXG]LHXND]XMąVLĊ SRGNRQLHFÄGQLD´LGDOHMPRZDMHVWRQLFKZÄGQLX´3V±:5G]QLH PDRQLFKPRZ\DĪGRGQLDLDZLĊFGRSLHURSRW\PMDN%yJVWZRU]\PRU]HQLHER L]LHPLĊ2GPLHQQ\MHVWMHGQDNVSRVyERSLVX=GDQLHP$YHUEHFNDZ3VRGQDMGX-MHP\ UyZQLHĪ HOHPHQW\ ]QDQH ] 5G] ± SRU 3V L 5G] F]áRZLHN SU]H-]QDF]RQ\GRSUDF\QDUROL=DUyZQRZ5G]MDNLZ3VRSLV]DF]\QDVLĊSRGREQLH RGSRF]ąWNRZ\FKXZDUXQNRZDĔLSRGąĪD]JRGQLH]HVFKHPDWHP]QDQ\P]SLHUZV]\FK GQLVWZRU]HQLDDOHZ3VPRZDMHVWRGUD]XWDNĪHRNRQNUHWQ\FKĪ\Z\FKVWZRU]H-QLDFKEH]SRĞUHGQLRSRW\PMDNW\ONRSRMDZLDMąVLĊRGSRZLHGQLHGODQLFKZDUXQNLĪ\FLD =PLDQDZ5G]LZ\UDĨQ\SRG]LDáRSLVXQDGQLVáXĪ\MHGQDNZ]PRFQLHQLXNRQFHSFML GQLDSRU:MZVLyGP\PGQLX%yJãƗEDWZDMMLQQƗSDã – Ä]DSU]HVWDáSUDF\ LRGHWFKQąáZ\WFKQąá´SRWHPWDNĪH:M6P =W\PRVWDWQLPZQLRVNLHP$YHUEHFNDPRĪQDVLĊ]JRG]Lü-HGQDNMXĪMHJRVWZLHUG]H-QLHĪHVFKHPDW±MHVWSRZV]HFKQLH]QDQ\ZOLWHUDWXU]HVWDURĪ\WQHMQLH]QDMGXMH SRWZLHUG]HQLDZIDNWDFK2ZV]HPVSRW\NDP\JRF]ĊVWRQSZ%LEOLLKHEUDMVNLHM3QS ±+L(]SRGREQLHMDNVFKHPDW3U]DOHQLJG\
QLH MHVW RQ SRZLą]DQ\ ] RSLVDPL VWZRU]HQLD 6LHGHP ODW EXGRZDQR QDWRPLDVW ĞZLąW\-QLĊ6DORPRQD.UODSRWHPVLHGHPGQLWUZDá\SU]\JRWRZDQLDGRMHMSRĞZLĊFHQLD .UO.UQ±SRU(]±6LHGHPGQLWUZDáWDNĪHU\WXDáĞZLĊFHĔ NDSáDĔVNLFK.Sá±1LHW\SRZH]DVWRVRZDQLHVFKHPDWX±ZRSRZLDGDQLX RVWZRU]HQLXPRĪH]DWHPVXJHURZDüĪHDXWRUELEOLMQ\SRVWU]HJDVDPRVWZRU]HQLHMDNR URG]DMEXGRZ\RUD]LQDXJXUDFMLÄNRVPLF]QHM´ĞZLąW\QL6XJHVWLDLQWHUSUHWDF\MQDWHJR URG]DMX PRĪH E\ü SU]HNRQXMąFD MHĞOL XZ]JOĊGQLP\ Z\GRE\WH MXĪ SU]H] HJ]HJHWyZ DQDORJLH REHFQHJR RSLVX ] RSLVHP ]DNRĔF]HQLD EXGRZ\ 1DPLRWX 6SRWNDQLD PLHMVFD ZNWyU\PPDGRNRQ\ZDüVLĊXĞZLĊFDQLH,]UDHOD:NXOWXU]HVWDURĪ\WQHJR%OLVNLHJR
:VFKRGX ĞZLąW\QLD SRMPRZDQD E\áD MDNR UH]\GHQFMD L ]DUD]HP PLHMVFH RGSRF]\QNX
3DXO +XPEHUW Ä/H UHODWLRQ GH *HQqVH HW GX 3VDXPH DYHF OD OLWXUJLH GX 1RXYHO$Q ,VUDsOLWH´ Revue
G¶+LVWRLUHHWGH3KLORVRSKLH5HOLJLHXVHV±
*ROGLQJD\Psalms $YHUEHFNA Literary Day
7DN&ROOLQVGenesis 1–4±$YHUEHFNA Literary Day
:ROIJDQJ0:5RWKÄ7KH1XPHULFDO6HTXHQFH[[LQWKH2OG7HVWDPHQW´Vetus Testamentum ±
%DGDF]H]ZUyFLOLWHĪXZDJĊQDIDNWĪHQDSRPQLHQLDGRW\F]ąFHV]DEDWXZ]ZLą]NX]EXGRZąSU]HQRĞQHJRVDQN-
WXDULXPWZRU]ąREUDPRZDQLHGODHSL]RGX]H]áRW\PFLHOFHP:M±±SRU'DQLHO&7LPPHUCre-ation, Tabernacle, and Sabbath: The Sabbath Frame of Exodus 31,12–17; 35,1–3 in Exegetical and Theological Perspective)RUVFKXQJHQ]XU5HOLJLRQXQG/LWHUDWXUGHV$OWHQXQG1HXHQ7HVWDPHQWV)5/$17*|WWLQJHQ
ERJyZ5yZQLHĪZVWDURĪ\WQ\P,]UDHOXEXGRZĊĞZLąW\QLPRW\ZRZDQRSUDJQLHQLHP E\%yJSR]RVWDáZĞUyGQDV.UO±.UQ±±ĞZLąW\QLD:M±.Sá .Sá/E±1DPLRW6SRWNDQLD,]±QLHER±WURQHP]LHPLD SRGQyĪNLHP0RĪOLZHZLĊFĪHVFKHPDWVLHGPLRGQLRZ\Z5G]SRMDZLáVLĊZVNXWHN DQDORJLLGRNXOWXURZHJRZ]RUFD]ZLą]DQHJR]DNWHPSRĞZLĊFHQLDĞZLąW\QL .RVPRVMDNRVIHUDVDNUDOQD" 7HQZ\PLDURSLVyZVWZRU]HQLDHNVSORUXMH]NROHL-+:DOWRQ
=DXZDĪDRQĪHZNXO-WXU]H VWDURĪ\WQHJR %OLVNLHJR :VFKRGX ĞZLąW\QLD VWDQRZL URG]DM PLNURNRVPRVX ]DĞ PDNURNRVPRVF]ĊVWRQRVLFHFK\SR]ZDODMąFHNRMDU]\üJR]HĞZLąW\QLą2ELHU]HF]\ZL-VWRĞFLáąF]\áURG]DMaxis mundi=WHJRSRZRGXZWHNVWDFKSRĞZLĊFRQ\FKVWZRU]HQLXF]Ċ-VWRVSRW\NDP\LQIRUPDFMHRZLHĔF]ąFHMWRVWZRU]HQLHEXGRZLH]LHPVNLHMĞZLąW\QL:WHQ VSRVyEVDQNWXDULXP]DZV]HSRVWU]HJDQHMHVWMDNRLQWHJUDOQDF]ĊĞüNRVPLF]QHMJHRJUD¿L HOHPHQWáąF]ąF\WRFR]LHPVNLH]XQLZHUVDOQ\PSRU]ąGNLHPVWZRU]HQLD3U]\NáDGWHJR PDP\ZRSRZLDGDQLXR]DáRĪHQLX(ULGX Ä$QLĞZLĊW\GRPDQLGRPERJyZQLH]RVWDá]EXGRZDQ\ZF]\VW\PPLHMVFX 1LHZ\URVáDWU]FLQDDQLGU]HZRQLH]RVWDáRVWZRU]RQH 1LH]RVWDáDSRáRĪRQDĪDGQDFHJáDDQLIRUHPNDFHJODQDQLH]RVWDáDVWZRU]RQD 1LH]RVWDá]EXGRZDQ\ĪDGHQGRPDQLVWZRU]RQHĪDGQHPLDVWR ĩDGQHPLDVWQLH]RVWDáR]EXGRZDQHQLH]RVWDáR]DSRF]ąWNRZDQHĪDGQHRVLHGODQLH 1LH]EXGRZDQR1LSSXUQLH]RVWDáRVWZRU]RQH(NXU 1LH]EXGRZDQR8UXNQLH]RVWDáDVWZRU]RQD(DQQD 2WFKáDQLHQLH]RVWDá\]EXGRZDQHQLH]RVWDáRVWZRU]RQH(ULGX
1LH E\áR ĞZLĊWHJR GRPX QLH E\áR GRPX ERJyZ QLH ]RVWDáR VWZRU]RQH GOD QLFK PLHV]NDQLH &Dá\ĞZLDWE\áPRU]HP 6WUXPLHĔSRĞURGNXPRU]DE\áMHG\QLHNDQDáHP :yZF]DV]EXGRZDQR(ULGX]RVWDáDVWZRU]RQD(VDJLOD´ %XGRZDVDQNWXDULXPWRPLHMVFHSR]ZDODMąFHERJRPÄRGSRF]ąü´DĞZLąW\QLDMDZLVLĊ MDNRFHQWUXPNRQWUROLQDGFDá\PVWZRU]RQ\PSU]H]QLFKNRVPRVHPSRU3V± ]ZáZZ±5yZQLHĪZHSRVLHEnuma EliszGRSLHURSRSRNRQDQLX7LDPDW0DU-GXNEXGXMHVZyMSDáDF:IHQLFNRNDQDQHMVNLHMZHUVML%DDOWRVDPRF]\QLGRSLHURSR SRNRQDQLXERJDPRU]D-DPD0RW\ZRGSRF]\QNXERJDyZZĞZLąW\QL]QDOHĨüPRĪQD MXĪZWHNVWDFKVXPHU\MVNLFKQSZK\PQLHQDF]HĞüĞZLąW\QL.Hã Ä'RP«EXG]ąF\ZLHONLUHVSHNWQD]ZDQ\SRWĊĪQ\PLPLHQLHPSU]H]$QGRP«NWy- UHJRORV]RVWDáSRWĊĪQLHRNUHĞORQ\SU]H]:LHONą*yUĊ(QOLOD'RPERJyZ$QXQDSRVLD- :DOWRQÄ5HDGLQJ*HQHVLVDV$QFLHQW&RVPRORJ\´± $YHUEHFNA Literary Day
:DOWRQÄ5HDGLQJ*HQHVLVDV$QFLHQW&RVPRORJ\´±
:DOWRQF\WXMH%HQMDPLQD5)RVWHUDBefore the Moses: An Anthology of Akkadian Literature%HWKHVGD
LWHQWHNVWWXWáXPDF]Ċ3RUMHGQDNWDNĪH7H[WHDXVGHU8PZHOWGHV$OWHQ7HVWDPHQWV78$7,,,*WHUVORK ±
GDMąF\FKZLHONąPRFNWyU]\GDMąPąGURĞüOXG]LRPGRPSHáQHRGSRF]QLHQLDPLHV]NDQLH ZLHONLFKERJyZ'RPNWyU\]RVWDá]DSODQRZDQ\UD]HP]SODQDPLQLHEDL]LHPL«]F]\-VW\PLERVNLPLPRFDPLGRPNWyU\SRGSLHUDNUDMLZVSRPDJDĞZLąW\QLĊ´ &KRüU]DG]LHMWRPRW\ZRGSRF]\QNXERJyZSRMDZLDVLĊWDNĪHZWHNVWDFKHJLSVNLFK QSZWHNVWDFKNRVPRORJLF]Q\FK]0HP¿V 3U]HJOąGOLWHUDWXU\VWDURĪ\WQHJR%OLVNLHJR:VFKRGXSR]ZDODVąG]LüĪHĞZLąW\QLH E\á\WDPSRVWU]HJDQHMDNRURG]DMNRVPRVXZPLQLDWXU]H2SLVLFKEXGRZ\SRF]ąZV]\ RGZVSRPQLDQHJRMXĪK\PQXNXF]FLĞZLąW\QL.HãSU]H]RNUHVQHREDELORĔVNL91]DZV]H ERZLHP]DZLHUDMąWHUPLQRORJLĊNUHXMąFąMHMDNRURG]DMNRVPLF]QHMJyU\NWyUHMV]F]\W GRW\NDQLHED]DĞNRU]HQLH]QDMGXMąVLĊQD]LHPLF]\QLąFW\PVDP\PWDNLHVDQNWXDULXP FHQWUXPSU]HVWU]HQLNRVPLF]QHM=DZV]HWHĪRSLVXMHVLĊLFKNRVPLF]QHIXQNFMHFRZLGDü Z QDGDZDQ\FK LP QD]ZDFK eGLPJDODQQD ± ÄGRP ZLHONLHJR VSRMHQLD QLHED´ eWH PHHQDQNL±ÄGRPIXQGDPHQWQLHEDL]LHPL´eXU4.(me).imin.an.ki
±ÄGRPNWyU\JUR-PDG]LVLHGHP0(6QLHEDL]LHPL´ ĝZLąW\QLĊZVWDURĪ\WQHM0H]RSRWDPLLL(JLSFLHSRVWU]HJDQRMDNRĨUyGáRĪ\FLRGDMQHM ZRG\SRáąF]RQH]NRVPLF]Q\PLRWFKáDQLDPLZyG1DZHWLFKRUQDPHQW\NDRG]ZLHUFLH-GODáDWHSRZLą]DQLD]NRVPRVHP:V]\VWNLHWHHOHPHQW\SRND]XMąQDP]GUXJLHMVWURQ\ ĪHLNRVPRVSRVWU]HJDQ\E\á]DUD]HPMDNRURG]DMsacrumZNWyU\PĞZLąW\QLDRGJU\ZDáD UROĊFHQWUDOQHMVDNUDOQHMSU]HVWU]HQL&LHNDZHMHVW±MDN]DXZDĪD:DOWRQ±ĪHZ\QLND ]WHJR]DUD]HPLĪQLHFDáDNRVPLF]QDSU]HVWU]HĔUR]XPLDQDE\áDMDNRVDNUDOQDDW\ONR MDNDĞMHMZ\G]LHORQDF]ĊĞüĞZLąW\QLDMDNRFHQWUXP=HZQĊWU]QHREV]DU\WHMSU]HVWU]HQL SRVWU]HJDQHE\á\MDNRSRWHQFMDOQDGRPHQDFKDRVX,QQ\PLVáRZ\±MHJR]GDQLHP±]LHP-VNDĞZLąW\QLDSHáQLUROĊĞZLDWDin nuce]DĞĞZLDWWRĞZLąW\QLDin extence
: 5G] ± QLHWUXGQR GRVWU]HF WH VDPH NRQRWDFMH .RVPRV SUH]HQWRZDQ\ MHVW WX MDNRVIHUDsacrumZNWyUHM%yJÄRGSRF]\ZD´SRU,]7HQDOHJRU\F]Q\VSRVyE SRVWU]HJDQLDU]HF]\ZLVWRĞFLPDVZRMHX]XSHáQLHQLHZRSLVLHUROLF]áRZLHNDEH]NWyUHJR ĞZLąW\QLDQLHIXQNFMRQXMHZSU]\SLVDQ\MHMVSRVyEVDNUDOL]DFMDVIHU\profanum5HSUH-]HQWDQWHP%RJDQD]LHPLimago DeiQDVWDURĪ\WQ\P%OLVNLP:VFKRG]LH]DZV]HE\á ZáDGFD:5G]UROĊWĊZ\UDĨQLHPDMąSHáQLüMXĪZV]\VF\OXG]LH0DP\WX]DUD]HP WDNĪHZ\UDĨQHSU]HVXQLĊFLH]DGDĔ]HOLW\NDSáDĔVNLHMQDFDá\QDUyGSRU:M$E\ QDVWąSLáRSRV]HU]HQLHVDNUDOQHMSU]HVWU]HQLLHOLPLQDFMDprofanumOXG]LHPXV]ąE\üQD Z\]QDF]RQ\PVRELHPLHMVFXLZ\SHáQLDüSU]\SLVDQąLPUROĊ=GDQLHP:DOWRQD DXWR-U]\5G]ZLG]ąNRVPRVGRNáDGQLHZWDNLVDNUDOQ\VSRVyELSRGąĪDMąF]DZ]RUFHP ]DF]HUSQLĊW\P]RSLVyZEXGRZ\ĞZLąW\QLRSLVXMąMHJRVWZRU]HQLHWHUPLQRORJLąDNFHQ- WXMąFąIXQNFMRQDOQ\FKDUDNWHUSRV]F]HJyOQ\FKVWZRU]HĔ]ZLHĔF]ąF\PMHRSLVHPVWZR-U]HQLDF]áRZLHNDMDNRimago Dei2VWDWQLPRJQLZHPWHJRRSLVXMHVWSU]HGVWDZLHQLHWHM NRVPLF]QHMSU]HVWU]HQLMDNRPLHMVFDÄRGSRF]\QNX´%RJD,QQ\PLVáRZ\GRSLHURZUD]
+DOORThe Context of Scripture&6W±NRO3ROVNLHWáXPDF]HQLH-DGZLJD/LSLĔVND0DUHN0DUFLQLDN
0LWRORJLDVWDURĪ\WQHJR(JLSWX:DUV]DZD± :DOWRQÄ5HDGLQJ*HQHVLVDV$QFLHQW&RVPRORJ\´±]HV]F]HJyOQ\PZVND]DQLHPQD6HH-RQ'/HYHQ-VRQÄ7HPSOHDQG:RUOG´Journal of Religion± 91 7H[WHDXVGHU8PZHOWGHV$OWHQ7HVWDPHQWV1HXH)ROJH78$71)W*WHUVORK± /HYHQVRQÄ7HPSOHDQG:RUOG´]HZVND]DQLHPQD)LORQDRUD]-y]HID)ODZLXV]D :DOWRQÄ5HDGLQJ*HQHVLVDV$QFLHQW&RVPRORJ\´
]W\PRGSRF]\QNLHPLQDXJXUXMHVLĊIXQNFMRQRZDQLHNRVPLF]QHJRVDQNWXDULXP:NRQ-VHNZHQFML±XZDĪDGDOHM:DOWRQ94 ±VLHGHPGQLVWZRU]HQLDWRZLVWRFLHVLHGHPGQLLQDX-JXUDFMLĞZLąW\QLZ\PLDUIXQNFMRQDOQ\DQLHF]DVU]HF]\ZLVWHJRVWZRU]HQLDZ\PLDU PDWHULDOQ\:W\PWHĪVHQVLH±NRQVWDWXMH:DOWRQ±ELEOLMQ\RSLVVWZRU]HQLDQLF]HJR QLHZQRVLGRG\VNXVMLRU]HF]\ZLVW\PZLHNX]LHPL1LHR]QDF]DWRMHGQDNĪH%yJQLH MHVW]DDQJDĪRZDQ\WDNĪHZPDWHULDOQ\SRF]ąWHNZV]HFKĞZLDWD:RSLQLL:DOWRQDFKRG]L W\ONRRWRĪHDXWRU5G]QLHMHVWZSLHUZV]\PU]ĊG]LHWDNLPPDWHULDOQ\PZ\PLDUHP VWZRU]HQLD]DLQWHUHVRZDQ\3RSU]H]VFKHPDWVLHGPLXGQLDXWRUELEOLMQ\QDNUHĞOLáMHG\-QLHERVNLdesign of cosmos SUH]HQWXMąFJRMDNRIXQNFMRQDOQHERVNLHdwelling place – NRVPLF]QąĞZLąW\QLĊ:QDZLą]DQLXGRWHUPLQRORJLLVWDURĪ\WQHJR%OLVNLHJR:VFKRGX FKRG]L R SU]HGVWDZLHQLH LQDXJXUDFML NRVPRVX XF]\QLRQHJR WDN MDNE\ E\á ĞZLąW\QLą SRSU]H]LGHQW\¿NDFMĊMHJRIXQNFML0(1LHFKRG]LMHGQDN±SRGNUHĞOD:DOWRQ±DQL R]UHGXNRZDQLHWUHĞFLVDPHJRRSLVXMHG\QLHGRZ\PLDUXV\PEROLF]QHJRDQLRGZURWQLH RF]\WDQLHJROLWHUDOQLH&KRG]LMHG\QLHRVSRMU]HQLHQDQLHJRLRGF]\WDQLHQLHW\OH]JRG-QLH]HZVSyáF]HVQ\PLPDWHULDOQ\PL]DLQWHUHVRZDQLDPLWMKLVWRU\F]Q\PSU]HELHJLHP SURFHVXHZROXFMLNRVPRVXLOHRLQWHUSUHWRZDQLHJRZWDNLVSRVyEZMDNLUR]XPLDáJR MHJRDXWRURUD]SLHUZVLF]\WHOQLF\ 5RG]LVLĊMHGQDNS\WDQLHF]\WR±EH]ZąWSLHQLD±QRZDWRUVNLHSRGHMĞFLHGRWHNVWX LLQWHUSUHWRZDQLHJR]SXQNWXZLG]HQLDMHJRDXWRUyZRUD]SLHUZV]\FKF]\WHOQLNyZDQLH ZVSyáF]HVQ\FK ]DLQWHUHVRZDĔ QLH LG]LH DE\ ]D GDOHNR -DN ]DXZDĪD 5LFKDUG ( $YHU-EHFNThe Bible is not only in its world-in thus regard but also against its world7RGG
6 %HDOO ] NROHL FKRü XZDĪD SURSR]\FMĊ :DOWRQD ]D SRP\Vá Z\VRFH LQQRZDF\MQ\
ZSRGHMĞFLXGR5G]WRUyZQLHĪREDZLDVLĊĪHVDPRW\ONRRGQLHVLHQLHGRWHNVWyZ]H ĞURGRZLVND VWDURĪ\WQHJR %OLVNLHJR :VFKRGX MHVW QLHZáDĞFLZH L QLH QDOHĪ\ LJQRURZDü ZHZQąWU]ELEOLMQ\FKNRUHODFML]ZáDV]F]DW\FK]WHNVWDPL]1RZHJR7HVWDPHQWX 0RĪQDZLVWRFLH]JRG]LüVLĊ]W\PĪHNRVPRVSRVWU]HJDQ\MHVWZ5G]MDNRURG]DM ĞZLąW\QLLMHJRVWZRU]HQLHRSLVDQH]RVWDMHMĊ]\NLHP]DF]HUSQLĊW\P]RSLVyZLQDXJXUDFML ĞZLąW\QLGRNWyUHM%yJZFKRG]LDE\]QDOHĨüZQLHMVZyMÄRGSRF]\QHN´VWąGZ]RU]HF GQLQDFHOHEUDFMĊWHJRPRPHQWX.áRSRWOHĪ\ZW\PĪHEOLVNRZVFKRGQLHWHNVW\RSLVX-MąFHWDNąLQDXJXUDFMĊGRW\F]ąPDWHULDOQHJRDQLHW\ONRIXQNFMRQDOQHJRG]LHáDMDNLPMHVW EXGRZDVDQNWXDULXP1LHPRĪQD]DWHPRJUDQLF]DüRSLVX]5G]±MDNFKFHWHJR:DO-WRQ±MHG\QLHGRIXQNFMRQDOQ\FK]DLQWHUHVRZDĔDXWRUyZELEOLMQ\FK]SRPLQLĊFLHPLFK SU]HNRQDĔGRW\F]ąF\FKPDWHULDOQHJRVSRVREXVWZRU]HQLDNRVPRVX=IDNWXĪHDNFHQW SRáRĪRQ\MHVWWXQDIXQNFMRQDOQ\FKDUDNWHUZLGDüWRV]F]HJyOQLHGREU]HZ5G]± YV5G]QLHZ\QLNDRJUDQLF]HQLHVLĊMHG\QLHGRWHJRDVSHNWX$YHUEHFNVáXV]QLHQLH ]JDG]DVLĊ]SURSRQRZDQąSU]H]:DOWRQDLQWHUSUHWDFMąF]DVRZQLNDµƗĞkZF]\VWRIXQN-94 :DOWRQÄ5HDGLQJ*HQHVLVDV$QFLHQW&RVPRORJ\´ 0(WRVXPHU\MVNLWHUPLQR]QDF]DOLF]EĊPQRJąU]HF]RZQLNDQLHRĪ\ZLRQHJRNWyU\PZ\UDĪDVLĊQDMEDUG]LHM ]DVDGQLF]ąNRQFHSFMĊUHOLJLLVXPHU\MVNLHM±ZáDĞFLZRĞFLOXEPRFHERVNLHRGNWyU\FK]DOHĪ\ROEU]\PLDOLF]ED G]LDáDĔLVWRWQ\FKGODF\ZLOL]RZDQHJRĪ\FLDOXG]NRĞFL0(WRHOHPHQW\VWDURĪ\WQHWUZDáHGURJRFHQQHSRUÄ0(´ Z-HUHP\%ODFN$QWKRQ\*UHHQ6áRZQLNPLWRORJLL0H]RSRWDPLL.DWRZLFH
.RPHQWDU]GRDUW\NXáX:DOWRQDZReading Genesis 1–2. An Evangelical ConversationUHG-'DU\O&KDUOHV 3HDERG\±
.RPHQWDU]GRDUW\NXáX:DOWRQDZReading Genesis 1–2. An Evangelical ConversationUHG-'DU\O&KDUOHV 3HDERG\±
FMRQDOQ\DQLH±MDNF]\QLVLĊWR]Z\NOH±SU]HGHZV]\VWNLPZU]HPLHĞOQLF]\VSRVyESRU 5G]:VND]XMHSU]\W\PQD5G]JG]LHWDNDIXQNFMRQDOQDLQWHUSUHWDFMDVWZRU]H-QLDF]áRZLHNDMDNRimago DeiNRPSOHWQLHQLHSDVXMH%HDOOZVND]XMH]NROHLQD5G]
JG]LHF]\VWRIXQNFMRQDOQDLQWHUSUHWDFMDMHVW]NROHLZUĊF]QLHPRĪOLZD2GU]XFDSRWHP SRGREQLHMDN$YHUEHFNUyZQLHĪF]\VWRIXQNFMRQDOQHUR]XPLHQLHF]DVRZQLNDEƗUƗ¶SRU ,]EƗUƗ¶SDUDOHOQHGRµƗĞkSRWHPWDNĪH5G]JG]LHPRZDMHVWRÄPDWHULDOQ\P´ ]EXGRZDQLXNRELHW\]ERNXĪHEUDPĊĪF]\]Q\F]áRZLHND=GDQLHP$YHUEHFNDQLHMHVW SUDZGąUyZQLHĪWRĪHVWDURĪ\WQ\%OLVNL:VFKyGZRJyOHQLHE\á]DLQWHUHVRZDQ\PDWH-ULDOQ\P DVSHNWHP VWZRU]HQLD99 %HDOO SU]\SRPLQD SRQDGWR FR ]DXZDĪ\á ]UHV]Wą VDP
:DOWRQĪHEOLVNRZVFKRGQLHRSLV\VWZRU]HQLDQLJG\QLHSRVáXJXMąVLĊVLHGPLRGQLRZ\P VFKHPDWHP3\WDWDNĪHRWRF]HPXDXWRUELEOLMQ\QLHZ\SRZLDGDVLĊZSURVWRNRVPRVLH MDNRĞZLąW\QL%RJDVNRURWDNLMHJRVSRVyEZLG]HQLDPDRQQDP\ĞOL"&\WRZDQHSU]H] :DOWRQDWHNVW\3V±,]WDNĪHQLHPyZLąRWDNLHMUROLNRVPRVXDMHG\QLH RW\PĪH%yJPLHV]NDZĞZLąW\QLQD6\MRQLH3VRUD]ĪHXF]\QLáQLHERL]LHPLĊ,] &-&ROOLQV QDWRPLDVWSU]HFLZNRWH]LHRF]\VWRIXQNFMRQDOQ\FK]DLQWHUHVRZD-QLDFKDXWRUELEOLMQHJRSU]\WDF]D:MJG]LH]DNRĔF]HQLHPDWHULDOQHMNRQVWUXNFML QDPLRWXĞZLąW\QL:M±EU]PLQLHPDOLGHQW\F]QLHMDNSRGVXPRZDQLHG]LHáDVWZR-U]HQLDZ5G] &]\PRĪOLZHMHVWQRZHVSRMU]HQLHQD5G]±D"
6SyMU]P\ WHUD] QD LQWHUHVXMąF\ QDV WHNVW ] XZ]JOĊGQLHQLHP SU]\WRF]RQ\FK SRZ\ĪHM QRZ\FK SURSR]\FML 1LH EĊG]LHP\ WX MHGQDN SURSRQRZDOL V]F]HJyáRZHM HJ]HJH]\ ER WDNą]QDOHĨüPRĪHP\ZGRVWĊSQ\FKMXĪNRPHQWDU]DFK6SUyEXMHP\MHG\QLHNU\W\F]QLH RGQLHĞüVLĊGRQRZ\FKNRQFHSFMLLPRĪOLZRĞFLLFK]DVWRVRZDQLDSU]\LQWHUSUHWDFMLWHN-VWX]5G] 3URORJ5G]± 1DMZDĪQLHMV]\PSU]HVáDQLHPSLHUZV]HJRZLHUV]DMHVWVWZLHUG]HQLHIDNWXĪH%yJMHVW ]DQLPMHV]F]H]DF]QLHVLĊG]LHáRVWZRU]HQLDEHUƝ߫ãvWZVHQVLHSRF]ąWHNF]HJRĞQSNUy-OHVWZDSRU-U3U]HVáDQLHMHVWZLĊFF]\WHOQH6WZyUFDQLHQDOHĪ\ GRVIHU\VWZRU]HQLDDQLQLHMHVWSLHUZV]\PE\WHPNWyU\NLHG\NROZLHN]DLVWQLDá1LHMHVW 2QWHĪMHGQ\P]F]áRQNyZSDQWHRQXNWyU\PXVLGRSLHURZ\ZDOF]\üVRELHJRGQHPLHM-VFHZJURQLHLQQ\FKERJyZ-DNZ\UDĨQLHZ\EU]PLWRQLHFRGDOHMZ5G]±6WZyUFą .RPHQWDU]GRDUW\NXáX:DOWRQDZReading Genesis 1–2 99 3U]\NáDG](JLSWXWRWHNVW\]0HP¿V-DGZLJD/LSLĔVND0DUHN0DUFLQLDN0LWRORJLDVWDURĪ\WQHJR(JLSWX:DU- V]DZD±SU]\NáDG\]0H]RSRWDPLLWRNRQLHFWDEOLF\,90DUGXNSU]HSRáDZLDFLDáR7LDPDWE\VWZR-U]\üQLHERL]LHPLĊNRQLHFWDEOLF\9F]\QL]LHPLĊLSRF]ąWHNWDEOLF\9,OXG]LHVWZRU]HQL]NUZLERJD.LQJX ]W]ZEpic of Creation+DOORThe Context of Scripture&6W±±
:DOWRQÄ5HDGLQJ*HQHVLVDV$QFLHQW&RVPRORJ\´ .RPHQWDU]GRDUW\NXáX:DOWRQDZReading Genesis 1–2 .RPHQWDU]GRDUW\NXáX:DOWRQDZReading Genesis 1–2 ± /HPDĔVNLÄ%yJVWZDU]DQLHERL]LHPLĊ´
MHVW-KZK%yJ%yJ0RMĪHV]DL,]UDHODNWyU\MHVWMHG\Q\P%RJLHPPRQRWHL]P$XWRU ELEOLMQ\ RGU]XFD WX Z\UDĨQLH SDQWHL]P JG\Ī 6WZyUFD QLH MHVW F]ĊĞFLą VWZRU]HQLD 2GU]XFDMHGQDNUyZQLHĪGHL]PJG\ĪMHVW2QPLPRWR]DDQJDĪRZDQ\ZVWZRU]HQLH JáyZQLHSRSU]H]VáRZRLVZRMHEáRJRVáDZLHĔVWZR3U]HVáDQLHWHNVWXMHVWZLĊFZ\UDĨ-QLHWHLVW\F]QH
:VSRPLQDQDMXĪGHEDWDQDWHPDWJUDPDW\F]QHMLQWHUSUHWDFMLGZyFKSLHUZV]\FK]GDĔ Z SHU\NRSLH XWNQĊáD ± SyNL FR ± Z PDUWZ\P SXQNFLH 0DP\ ERZLHP ]ZROHQQLNyZ áąF]QHMLUR]áąF]QHMLQWHUSUHWDFMLREXSLHUZV]\FKZHUVHWyZ0RĪQDZLĊFZLG]LHüWXVZR-LVWąGHNODUDFMĊREHMPXMąFąFDáHG]LHáRVWZRU]HQLD5G]VWDQRZLąFą]DUD]HPURG]DM W\WXáX D ]D QLP GRSLHUR NURN SR NURNX RSLV V]F]HJyáyZ 5G] ± :V]\VWNLH
NROHMQHÄGQL´]DF]\QDMąVLĊRGVWZLHUG]HQLDĪHÄ%yJU]HNá´'QLPDMąW\ONR MHGQąVHNFMĊUR]SRF]ĊWąZWHQVSRVyEG]LHĔGZLHDG]LHĔWU]\']LHĔPDQDWR-PLDVW]XSHáQLHRGPLHQQąNRQVWUXNFMĊ0RLP]GDQLHPVXJHUXMHWRSRWU]HEĊZ\áąF]HQLD ZLSRWUDNWRZDQLHJRMDNRRJyOQHM]DSRZLHG]LZ\GDU]HĔDZLĊFMDNRURG]DMW\WXáX 3RWHPZVWDQRZLRSLVVWDQXSU]HGUR]SRF]ĊFLHPSLHUZV]HJRDNWXVWZRU]HQLDDZ IXQNFMRQXMH MDNR SRF]ąWHN G]LHáD VWZRU]HQLD 8QLNDP\ ZWHG\ SUREOHPX ÄSRZWyUNL´ ZZWHJRRF]\PPRZDE\áDMXĪZZ
:WHMG\VNXVMLQDGVSRVREHPSRWUDNWRZDQLDZGXĪąUROĊRGJU\ZDMąUyZQLHĪNZHVWLH QDWXU\JUDPDW\F]QHMàąF]QLNwaw RERN SRGVWDZRZHJRVHQVXÄL´PRĪHPLHüMHV]F]H UyĪQHLQQH]QDF]HQLDWDNĪHto jestlubmimo towówczasLWS:V]\VWNR]DOHĪ\RG
VáyZNWyUH]DQLPZ\VWĊSXMą-HĞOLáąF]\VLĊ]HVáRZDPLLQQ\PLQLĪF]DVRZQLNLPD]Z\-NOHFKDUDNWHUUR]áąF]Q\LZSURZDG]DGRQDUUDFMLUyĪQHLQIRUPDFMHDOHQLHVXJHUXMHMHM NRQW\QXDFMLWDNQSZ5G]ÄD]LHPLD«´-HĞOLMHGQDN]QDMGXMHVLĊQDSRF]ąWNXIRUP\ F]DVRZQLNRZHMVWDQRZLNRQW\QXDFMĊZ\GDU]HĔ*G\MHVWSU]\áąF]RQ\GRSUH¿NVRZDQHM IRUP\F]DVRZQLNDSHáQLQLHW\ONRIXQNFMĊáąF]QLNDDOHLW]Zwaw-comebotive7DNLH IRUP\F]DVRZQLNyZQD]\ZDP\preterite-verbF]\OLIRUPDPLF]DVXSU]HV]áHJR3U]\NáD-GHPMHVWWXSRF]ąWHNZÄLU]HNá%yJ«´:NRQVHNZHQFMLZZLVWRFLHZ\GDMHVLĊ RSLV\ZDüSRF]ąWNRZ\VWDQU]HF]\ZLVWRĞFL]DQLP%yJZ\U]HNáVZRMHSLHUZV]HVWZyUF]H VáRZRSRGREQLH5G]E±Enuma Elisz±$XWRUNDSáDĔVNLVWRVXMHWHQVDPVFKH-PDW FR MHJR RWRF]HQLH NXOWXURZH DOH Z RGUyĪQLHQLX RG VZRLFK PH]RSRWDPVNLFK F]\ HJLSVNLFKZ]RUFyZZ\UDĨQLHZ\FLV]DLSDF\¿NXMHWHQSLHUZRWQ\VWDQSU]HGVWZyUF]HJR FKDRVX 2GPDZLD PX SU]\ RND]ML MDNLHMNROZLHN RVRERZRĞFL WDN QS 7LDPDW :DUWR SRGNUHĞOLüĪHWDNLSRF]ąWHNRSRZLDGDQLDZNWyU\PQDMSLHUZRSLVXMHVLĊRNROLF]QRĞFL DSRWHPG]LDáDQLDQLHMHVWZ\MąWNLHPOHF]UDF]HMUHJXáąZKHEUDMVNLPVSRVRELHQDUUDFML SRU5G]±
7UHPSHU/RQJPDQ,,,Ä:KDW*HQHVLV±7HDFKHVDQG:KDW,W'RHVQ¶W´Z Reading Genesis 1–2. An
Evangeli-cal ConversationUHG-'DU\O&KDUOHV3HDERG\
7DNQS$YHUEHFNA Literary Day±
/XGZLJ.RHKOHU:DOWHU%DXPJDUWQHU-RKDQQ-6WDPPUHG:LHONLVáRZQLNW:DUV]DZD± $YHUEHFNA Literary Day
=DWHPFKDRVWRSXQNWZ\MĞFLD
1LHVWDQRZLRQF]ĊĞFLVWZRU]HQLDOHF]VWDQSU]HG-VWZyUF]\SRU,]$XWRUELEOLMQ\SRG]LHODWXSRZV]HFKQLH]QDQąQDVWDURĪ\WQ\P
%OLVNLP:VFKRG]LH0H]RSRWDPLDL(JLSWNRQFHSFMĊSRF]ąWNRZHJRFKDRVX]NWyUHJR GRSLHURZHIHNFLHG]LDáDĔVWZyUF]\FKZ\áDQLDVLĊNRVPRV SRUEnuma EliszOLQLH±
:MHJRRSLVLHVWDQSRF]ąWNRZ\]LHPLRNUHĞORQ\MHVWMDNRWǀKZƗEEǀK2SLVWHQ]Z\NOH UR]XPLDQ\MHVWMDNREUDNRGSRZLHGQLHJRIXQNFMRQDOQHJRNV]WDáWXLJRWRZRĞFLGRSU]\-MĊFLDĪ\Z\FKVWZRU]HĔ3DQXMHWXFDáNRZLWDFLHPQRĞüLFLV]D,GROHRSLVDQHVáRZHPWǀK ,]QLHVąMHGQDNEH]NV]WDáWQH%UDNLPMHG\QLHSU]\GDWQRĞFLGRF]HJRNROZLHN :PLWRORJLLHJLSVNLHMEUDNIXQNFMLLRNUHĞODMąFHMMąQD]Z\MHVWWRĪVDP\]QLHLVWQLHQLHP 3RGREQLHZ0H]RSRWDPLL(SRVEnuma EliszOLQLDQU±]DF]\QDVLĊZV]DNRGVáyZ Ä*G\XJyU\QLHERQLHE\áRQD]ZDQHQDGROH]LHPLDQLHE\áDZ\PLHQLRQD]LPLHQLD«´ Wá - %URPVNL =DWHP QDGDQLH QD]Z\ WRĪVDPH MHVW WX ] RNUHĞOHQLHPZ\]QDF]HQLHP IXQNFML111 7R ĪH LQIRUPDFMD R VWZRU]HQLX QLHED L ]LHPL SRSU]HG]D LQIRUPDFMĊ R
FKD-RVLHQLHZ\QLND]EUDNXORJLNLOHF]VWDQRZLĞZLDGRPHSRPLQLĊFLHFKURQRORJLL$XWRU ELEOLMQ\SRND]XMHZWHQVSRVyEĪHFKDRVWRU]HF]\ZLVWRĞüVWDQNWyU\]DZV]HLVWQLHMH MDNRDOWHUQDW\ZDGODSRU]ąGNXVWZRU]HQLDSRU5G]L6WDQRZLQLHUR]G]LHOQ\ MHG\QLHRJUDQLF]RQ\HOHPHQWPDWHULDOQHMU]HF]\ZLVWRĞFL
:LHOXEDGDF]\ZLG]LZRSL-VLH]5G]WDNĪH]DU\VRZDQHRGZLHF]QHQDSLĊFLHSRPLĊG]\SURWRORJLąLHVFKDWRORJLą QLHPUrzeit gleicht Endzeit1LHIXQNFMRQDOQDMHV]F]H]LHPLDZ\GDMHVLĊWXVWDQRZLü
F]ĊĞüFKDRVXXPLHMVFRZLRQąSRPLĊG]\ZRGDPLJyUQ\PLLGROQ\PL]ODQ\PL±SyNLFR ±ZMHGQąRWFKáDĔZyGteKǀP0LHMVFHDE\MąZ\RGUĊEQLüXF]\QLRQH]RVWDQLHGRSLHUR ZGUXJLPGQLXVWZRU]HQLD5G]±ĺ3U]3V114 :V]\VWNLHPH]RSRWDPVNLHNRVPRJRQLHSRSU]HG]RQHVąRSLVDPLWHRJRQLL:W\POHĪ\ ]DVDGQLF]DUyĪQLFDSRPLĊG]\QLPLLRSLVHPVWZRU]HQLD]5G]$XWRU5G]±Z\NV]WDá-FRQ\NDSáDQ±]QDáEH]ZąWSLHQLDG]LHG]LFWZRNXOWXURZH/HZDQWXSRU3V± .RU]\VWDMąF]GRVWĊSQHJRPXOLWHUDFNLHJRLNXOWXURZHJRWZRU]\ZDF]\QLZLHOHDE\MH
0LFKDHOD%DXNVDie Welt am Anfang. Zum Verhältnis von Vorwelt und Weltentehung in Genesis 1 und in der
al-torientalische Literatur1HXNLUFKHQ±9OX\Q+DQV5RFNHQPDFKHUÄ*RWWXQGGDV&KDRV(LQ%HLWUDJ]XP
9HUVWlQGQLVYRQ*HQ±´Zeitschrift für die alttestamentliche Wissenschaft± 7DGHXV]%U]HJRZ\Ä&]\%yJVWZRU]\áFKDRV"´Collectanea Theologica±
:D\QH+RURZLW]Mesopotamian Cosmic Geography0HVRSRWDPLDQ&LYLOL]DWLRQV:LQRQD/DNH± 5LFKDUG($YHUEHFNÄ6XPHUWKH%LEOHDQG&RPSDUDWLYH0HWKRG+LVWRULRJUDSK\DQG7HPSOH%XLOGLQJ´ ZMesopotamia and the Bible: Comparative ExplorationsUHG0DUN:&KDYDOHV./DZVRQ-U<RXQJHU*UDQG 5DSLGV±:*/DPEHUWÄ0HVRSRWDPLDQ&UHDWLRQ6WRULHV´ZImagining CreationUHG0DUNKDP -*HOOHU0LQHNH66FKLSSHU,-66WXGLHVLQ-XGDLFD/HLGHQ
111 :DOWRQÄ5HDGLQJ*HQHVLVDV$QFLHQW&RVPRORJ\´±SU]\NáDG\]OLWHUDWXU\PH]RSRWDPVNLHMLHJLS-VNLHM
%OHQNLQVRSSCreation]HZVND]DQLHPQD0LFKDHOD%DXNVDÄ©&KDRVªDOV0HWDSKRUIUGLH*HIlKUGXQJGHU :HOWRUGQXQJ´ZDas biblische Weltbild und seine altorientalischen KontexteUHG%HUQG-DQRZVNL%HDWH(JR 7ELQJHQ±
.ODV\F]QHXMĊFLHSRU+HUPDQQ*XQNHOSchöpfung in Urzeit und Endzeit. Eine religionsgeschichtliche
Untersu-chung über Gen 1 und Ap Joh 12*|WWLQJHQ']LHĔ-KZKF]ĊVWRSUH]HQWRZDQ\MHVWMDNRGHF\GXMąFHVWDUFLH
]PRQVWUDPLFKDRVX,]/HZLDWDQPRUVNLSRWZyUSRUWHĪ'Q±Z\FKRG]ąFH]PRU]DPRQVWUD$S ±NRVPLF]Q\RFHDQ-U±DSRNDOLSW\F]QDOHNWXUD5G]
114 %OHQNLQVRSSCreation± %OHQNLQVRSSCreation±