The Proceedings of
The Fifteenth (2005) International
OFFSHORE AND P O L A R E N G I N E E R I N G C O N F E R E N C E
(ISOPE-2005 Seoul)
Seoul, Korea, June 19-24, 2005
Copyright ©2005 by International Society of Offshore and Polar Engineers, Cupertino, California, USA. All rights Reserved. It is illegal to copy this CD-ROM for any purposes
The Proceedings are registered with the Copyright Clearance Center, 222 Rosewood Drive, Danvers, MA 01923, USA. For multiple copying articles for promotional or commercial purposes such as creating new collective works or resale, a written permission from ISOPE is required.
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ISOPE-2005
Seoul (omnipro
-cD-ISOPE
suppliers be liable for any consequential or incidental damages to the users' hardware or other software resulting from the installation and/or use of this CD-ROM.
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The Proceedings of The Fifteenth (2005) International
O F F S H O R E AND P O L A R E N G I N E E R I N G C O N F E R E N C E
Seoul, Korea, June 19-24,2005
F O R E W O R D
On behalf o f the Technical Program Committee, it is our pleasure to welcome participants from all over the world to the ISOPE-2005 Conference in Seoul, Korea, June 19-24, 2005. We greatly appreciate the excellent response and assistance we have received f r o m colleagues around the world that have led to the successful organizing o f The 15th International Offshore and Polar Engineering Conference (ISOPE-2005 Seoul).
The technical program committee received more than 750 abstracts. The 2005 conference w i l l features 93 sessions with 472 peer-reviewed papers in the proceedings, 4 plenary sessions and 15 oral presentations without papers i n the proceedings, representing 47 countries. Since ISOPE-2000, conference proceedings were published in hard copy and digital print technology was tested in producing a companion CD-ROM o f the proceedings. Since 2002, we have published ISOPE conference proceedings exclusively on CD-ROM^ using the author-provided high-quality PDF files on ISOPE conference template. Problems with font embedding and font substitution have been corrected in all PDF files or solved w i t h the Adobe Asian language support in Acrobat Reader since 2004.
The purposes o f t h e ISOPE conference are to:
• Promote technological progress and activities; international technological transfer and cooperation; and opportunities for engineers to maintain and improve technical competence.
• Provide a timely international forum for technical activities, cooperation, opportunity and fellowship among researchers and engineers through the development o f focused session topics. Fligh-quality papers, expressing technical originality and significance, are accepted only after rigorous review. ISOPE strives to maintain high international standards for publication and worldwide distribution^ and the promotion o f interdisciplinaiy interaction between academia and industiy.
The International Society o f Offshore and Polar Engineers (ISOPE) already has held 32 successftil international meetings:
• The 1st (1990) European Offshore Mechanics Symposium (ISOPE 90) Trondheim, 1990; EUROMS-99 Moscow.
• The 1st (1990) Pacific/Asia Offshore Mechanics Symposium (ISOPE-PACOMS-90) Seoul; PACOMS-94 Beijing; PACOMS-96 Pusan, PACOMS-2002 Daejeon and PACOMS-2004 Vladivostok.
• The Annual ISOPE conferences, starfing in Edinburgh, 1991 were held in San Francisco, Singapore, Osaka, The Hague, Los Angeles, Honolulu, Montréal, Brest, Seattie, Stavanger, Kitakyushu and Honolulu. Since 1992, the annual ISOPE Conference has organized the world's largest technical program o f its kind with refereed papers;
• The 1st (1995) ISOPE Ocean Mining Symposium (95), Tsukuba, 1995, ISOPE 97 Seoul, OMS-99 Goa, OMS-2001 Szczecin and OMS-2003 Tsukuba;
• The 1st (1996) International Deep-Ocean Technology (lDOT-96) Symposium and Workshop, Los Angeles; and lDOT-2001 Stavanger.
• The First (2003) High-Perforniance Materials Symposium (HPM-2003), Honolulu, Hawaii, USA; HPM-2004 Toulon.
The ISOPE TPC has greatly expanded the number o f papers on emerging topics o f importance such as offshore
wind energy, advanced natural gas transport, high-performance materials, composites and smart structures and gas hydrates. We shall continue to encourage the presentation and discussion o f other emerging topics at future conferences.
On behalf o f all the individual TPC members (listed in General Information), we would like to thank the reviewers (listed in General Information) for their help in upholding the technical accuracy and quality o f papers. We extend our great appreciation for the help of colleagues around the world, particularly the authors and reviewers in meeting the deadlines.
We would like to take this oppoitunity to announce that the ISOPE-2006 Conference w i l l be held in San Francisco, California, USA, May 28-June 2, 2006. Click on ^v\v^v•isope•org for the call for papers.
Co-chairmen ofthe ISOPE-2005 Conference
Ro-sil Park, Korea Guy Herrouin, France
Ronald H Knapp, USA Wataru Koterayama, Japan Ivar Langen, Norway
Acknowledgement
The success o f The 15th International Offshore and Polar Engineering Conference (ISOPE-2005 Seoul), Seoul, Korea, June 19-24, 2005, is attributable to the teamwork o f the members o f the Technical Program Committee (TPC), the cooperating organizations and the reviewers (listed in General Information).
The TPC would like to express its sincere appreciation to the TPC members' organizations for their support, which has been crucial to the successfiil organizing o f t h e conference and to the ISOPE staff and Local Organizing Committee, Dr. Seok Won Hong, Prof Han-11 Park, Prof Ro-Sik Park and Prof Cheung Ro Ryu, and Local Advisoiy Committee chair, Prof Soo Sam K i m in particular for the efficient handling o f the local organization, support and coordination.
Special Acknowledgement
The ISOPE-2005 participants, Local Organizing Committee, ISOPE Technical Program Committee and ISOPE board o f directors would like to thank to:
POSCO
Korea Science and Engineering Foundation (KOSEF) Korea Gas Corp. (KOGAS)
Samsung Engineering & Construction Co., Ltd. Daewoo Shipbuilding & Marine Engineering Samsung Heavy Industries Co. Ltd
Hyundai Heavy Industries Co. Ltd Daellm Industrial Co., Ltd.
Hyundai Engineering & Construction Co., Ltd. Daewoo Engineering & Construction Co., Ltd. S I X Shipbuilding
Korea Ocean Research & Development Institute (KORDI) Korea Institute of Geoscience and Mineral Resources (KIGAM) Korea National Tourism Organization
for their support o f ISOPE-2005 Seoul Conference,
and to Korea Science and Engineering Foundation ( K O S E F ) for partial support for the publication o f this conference proceedings.
The Proceedings of
The Fifteenth (2005) International
OFFSHORE AND POLAR
ENGINEERING C O N F E R E N C E
Copyright © 2005 by International Society of Offshore and Polar Engineers, Cupertino, California, USA. All Rights Reserved.The Proceedings are registered with the Copyright Clearance Center, 222 Rosewood Drive, Danvers, MA 01923, USA. For multiple copying for promotional or commercial purposes such as creating new collective works or resale, a written permission fi-om ISOPE is required.
Intemafional Standard Book Number (Set): ISBN 1-880653-64-8 International Standard Serial Number (Set): ISSN 1098-6189
The publisher and the editors of its publications assume no responsibility for the statements or opinions expressed in papers or presentations by the contributors to this conference or proceedings.
I M P E
ISOPE Board of Directors
T . Hiraishi (Japan), S S Kim (Korea), J Koo (USA), H. Moshagen (Norway), M . Olagnon (France), E.J.
Powers (USA), and B J Natvig (Norway)
President: Robeit M W Frederking, Canada (2004-2005) Executive Director: Jin S. Chung, USA
ISOPE-2005 Technical Program Committee (TPC)
Dr. H. Allersma, Delft Univ. of Technology, Delft, The Netherlands Mr. N . Ames, EWI, Columbus, OH, USA
Dr. Taro Aoki, JAMSTEC, Yokosuka, Japan
Dr. H. Asahi, Nippon Steel Co., Futtsu, Chiba-ken, Japan
Dr. R. Ayer, ExxonMobil Research & Engineering Co., Annandale, NJ, USA
Prof S.C. Bang, South Dakoda School of Mines and Technology, Rapid City, SD, USA Prof A.T. Bekker, Far Eastem State Tech. Univ., Vladivostok, Russia
Dr. Frank G Bercha, Bercha Engineering Ltd, Calgary, Canada Dr. S. Berg, Technip Offshore Engineering, Oslo, Norway Dr. L.F. Boswell, City Univ., London, UK
Dr. H.G. Brandes, Univ. of Hawaii, Honolulu, HI, USA Dr. F. Bransby, Univ. of Dundee, Dundee, UK
Mr. C. Capanoglu, I.D.E.A.S., Inc., San Francisco, CA, USA Prof. J.R. Chaplin, Southampton University, Southampton, UK Dr. H.-C. Chen, Texas A & M Univ., College Station, TX, USA Prof J.-W. Chen, National Cheng Kung Univ., Taiwan, China
Prof L.-K. Chien, National Taiwan Ocean Univ., Keelung, Taiwan, China Prof H. S. Choi, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
Dr. Y.S. Choo, National Univeisity of Singapore, Singapore Prof l.S. Chun, Konkuk University, Seoul, Korea
Prof Jin S. Chung (Chairman), ISOPE, Cupertino, CA, USA Prof A T Chwang, University of Hong Hong, Hong Kong, Prof. G. Clauss, TU Berlin, Berlin, Germany
Dr. R. Curran, Queen's University of Belfast, Belfast, UK Prof B.M. Das, California State Univ., Sacramento, CA, USA Prof T.H. Dawson, U.S. Naval Acadmy, Annapolis, MD, USA Dr. A.S. Duggal, FMC-SOFEC, Houston, TX, USA
Dr. P. K. Dutta, ERDC-CRREL, Hannover, NH, USA Dr. CP. Ellinas, Mott McDonald Ltd, Croydon, UK
Mr. G. Ersdal, Petroleum Safety Authority, Stavanger, Norway Dr. A. Ewida, PetroCanada, Calgary, Canada
Dr. D. Fairchild, ExxonMobil Upstream Research Co., Houston, TX, USA Dr. K. Fakharian, Amirkabir University of Technology, Tehi'an, Iran Dr. J.M. Falzarano, Univ of New Orleans, New Orleans, LA, USA Dr. P. Ferrant, Ecole Centrale de Nantes, Nantes, France
Dr. E. Fontaine, Institut Franfais du Petrole, Rueil Malmaison, France Dr. A. Francescutto, Univ. of Trieste, Trieste, Italy
Dr. R.M.W. Frederking, National Research Council, Ottawa, Canada
Dr. J. Garnier, Laboratoire Central des Ponts et Chausses, Bouguenais, France Dr. Marie-France Gauthier, Environment Canada, Ottawa, Canada
Prof A.M. Gresnigt, Delft Univ. of Technology, Delft, The Netherlands Prof S.T. Grilli, University of Rhode Island, Narragansett, RI, USA
Dr. Mark Grosenbaugh, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, Woods Hole, MA, USA Dr. A.R. Henderson, Ceasa, Stroud, UK
Dr. Kjell Herf]ord, Norsk Hydro, Bergen, Norway
Dr. G. Herrouin (Co-Chairman), Ifiemer, La Seyne sur Mer, France Dr. S. Herion, Karlsruhe University, Karlsruhe, Germany
Dr. T . Hiraishi, Poit and Airport Research Inst., Yokosuka, Japan
Dr. S.W. Hong, Korea Research Inst, of Ship and Ocean Engineering, Daejeon, Korea Dr. S.Y. Hong, Korea Research Inst, of Ship and Ocean Engineering, Daejeon, Korea Prof W.P. Hong, ChungAng University, Seoul, Korea
Dr. S. Huang, University of Glasgow and Strathclyde, Glasgow, UIC Prof T. Huang, Univ. of Texas, Arlington, TX, USA
Prof Y. Ikeda, Univ. of Osaka Prefecture, Osaka, Japan Prof Y. Inoue, Yokohama National Univ., Yokohama, Japan
Dr. K. Izumiyama, National Maritime Research Institute, Tokyo, Japan Dr. A. D. Jenkins, Univei sity of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
Dr. C. Jo, Inha Univesity, Incheon, Korea
Dr. J. Kajaske-Rudnitski, Helsinki University of Technology, Espoo, Finland Dr. H. Kanegaonkar, Samsung Heavy Industries Co., Geoje, Korea
Dr. C G Kang, Korea Research Inst, of Ship and Ocean Engineering, Daejeon, Korea Dr. K B Kang, POSCO, Pohang, Korea
Dr. H. Karadeniz, Delft Univ. of Technology, Delft, The Netherlands Prof M. Kashiwagi, Kyushu Univ., Kasuga, Japan
Dr. K Kato, Kinki Univ., Wakayama, Japan Dr. N. Kato, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
Prof K Kawano, Kagoshima Univ., Kagoshima, Japan
Dr. S.T. Kee, Seoul Natinal University of Technology, Seoul, Korea Prof C H . Kim, Texas A & M Univ., College Station, TX, USA
Prof D S Kim, Korea Advanced Inst of Science and Technology, Daejeon, Korea
Dr. M.H. Kim, Texas A & M Univ., College Station, TX, USA Prof. S..S. Kim, Hanyang Univ, Ansan, Korea
Dr. W J Kim, Mokpo National University, Mokpo, Korea Dr. Y Kim, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
Prof R.H. Knapp (Co-Chairman), Univ. of Hawaii, Honolulu, HI, USA Prof H. Kokawa, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
Dr. J.J. Kollé, Tempress Technologies, Inc, Kent, WA, USA Dr. T. Komai, AIST, Tsukuba, Japan
Prof Y Komizo, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
Dr. J. Koo, ExxonMobil Research & Engineering Co., Annandale, NJ, USA Prof W. Koterayama (Co-Chairman), RIAM, Kyushu Univ., Kasuga, Japan Prof H. Krogstad, NTNU, Trondheim, Norway
Dr. S. Kumar, Souther Illinois University, Carbondale, II, USA Prof C. Kuo, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, UK
Prof Y. Kyozuka, Kyushu Univ., Kasuga, Japan Mr. F. Lalli, APAT, Roma, Italy
Prof I . Langen (Co-Chairman), Stavanger University, Stavanger, Norway Dr. B.J. Leira, NTNU, Trondheim, Norway
Prof Y.-C. Li, Dalian Univ. of Technology, Dalian, China Prof M-C Lin, Natioal Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan, China Dr. L.A. Louca, Imperial College, London, UK
Prof Y. Makino, Kumamoto Univ, Kumamoto, Japan
Dr. L. Manuel, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA Dr. T. Mathai, The Glosten Assoc., Seattle, WA, USA
Prof T. Matsui, Fukui Univ of Technology., Fukui, Japan Dr. J.-L. Michel, Ifremer, La Seyne sur Mer, France
Prof R.W. Miksad, Univ. of Vii-ginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA Prof N. Mizutani, Nagoya Univ., Nagoya, Japan
Mr. H. Momma, JAMSTEC, Yokosuka, Japan Dr. H. Moshagen, Statoil, Trondheim,, Norway
Dr. S. Mouring, U.S. Naval Acadmy, Annapolis, MD, USA Prof H. Murakawa, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
Dr. C.E. Myers, National Science Foundation, Arlington, VA, USA Dr. Y. Nabeshima, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
Prof S. Naito, Osaka Univ., Osaka, Japan Dr. M. Nakamura, Kyushu Univ., Kasuga, Japan
Dr. B.J. Natvig, Marine Technology Consulting AS, Asker, Norway Prof J.M. Niedzwecki, Texas A & M Univ., College Station, TX, USA Mr. J M M Out, NAM, Assen, The Netherlands
Prof H.-I. Park, Korea Maritime University, Busan, Korea Dr. I.K. Park, Hyundai Heavy Industries Co., Ulsan, Korea
Prof R.-S. Park (Co-Chairman), University of Ulsan, Ulsan, Korea Prof E.J. Powers, University of Texas, Austin, TX, USA
Dr. M. Prevosto, Ifremer, Plouzané, France
Dr. J.C. Price, INTEC Engineering, Houston, TX, USA
Dr. S. Prinsenberg, Bedford Inst of Oceanography, Dartmouth, Canada Dr. Y. Rajapakse, Office of Naval Research, Arlington, VA, USA Dr. V. Rey, University of Toulon/Var, Toulon, France
Dr. D. Roddier, Marine Innovation & Technology, Berkeley, CA, USA Prof J. Roesset, Texas A & M Univ., College Station, TX, USA Prof I. Rychlik, Lund Univ, Lund, Sweden
Prof C.R. Ryu, Pukyong National University, Busan, Korea Prof H. Saeki, Hokkaido Univ., Sapporo, Japan
Dr. A.J.N.A. Sarmento, Lisbon Technical Univ., Lisbon, Portugal Dr. M. Sayed, National Research Council, Ottawa, Canada
Dr. G. Schiiever, Biolab Forschungsinstitut, Hohenwestedt, Germany Prof T. Setoguchi, Saga Univ., Saga, Japan
Prof T. Shibue, Kinki Univ, Wakayama, Japan
Dr. H. S. Shin, Hyundai Heavy Industries Co., Ulsan, Korea
Dr. E. Sozer, MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA
Prof. S.H. Sphaier, COPPE/UFRJ, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil Prof V.A. Squire, Univ. of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand Prof Y. Suga, Keio Univ., Yokohama, Japan
Prof B.M. Sumer, Technical Univ. of Denmark, Lyngby, Denmark Dr. K. Szilder, National Research Council. Ottawa, Canada Dr. K. Takagi, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
Dr. K. Tanizawa, National Maritime Research Institute, Tokyo, Japan Dr. P. Teigen, Statoil, Trondheim, Norway
Prof B. Teng, Dalian Univ. of Technology, Dalian, China Prof Y. Tomita, Osaka Univ., Osaka, Japan
Dr. P.L. Threadgill, TWI, Abington, UK
Prof M.S. Triantafyllou, M.I.T., Cambridge, MA, USA Dr. E. Tsuru, Nippon Steel Co., Futtsu, Chiba-ken, Japan Prof K. Uchida, Kobe Univ., Kobe, Japan
Prof S. Ueda, Tottori University, Tottori, Japan Prof Y. Ueda, Osaka Univ., Osaka, Japan
Prof T. Utsunomiya, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan Dr. K. S. Varyani, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UI-C Dr. J.J. Wang, Technip Offshore, Houston, TX, USA
Prof J. Wardenier, Delft Univ. of Technology, Delft, The Netherlands Dr. H.G. Wheat, Univ. of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
Mr. P.C. Wong, ExxonMobil Development Co., Houston, TX, USA Dr. J-F Wu, American Bureau of Shipping, Houston, TX, USA Dr. A.C. Yalciner, Middle East Technical University, Ankara, Turkey Dr. S. Yamaguchi, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
Dr. T. Yamazaki, Natl. Inst, of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, Tsukuba, Japan Dr. C. Yang, George Mason University, Fairfax, VA, USA
Prof J. Yang, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China Prof T. Yao, Osaka Univ., Osaka, Japan
Prof R.W. Yeung, Univ. of California, Berkeley, CA, USA
Prof J. Yim, National Taiwan Ocean Univ., Keelung, Taiwan, China
ISOPE-2005 Executive Committee
Jin S. Chung (Chairman), USA Ro-Shik. Park, Korea
Guy Herrouin, France Ronald Knapp, USA Wataru Koterayama, Japan Ivar Langen, Norway
ISOPE-2005 Conference Co-chairmen
Jin S. Chung, ISOPE, Cupertino, CA, USA Ro-Shik. Park, University of Ulsan, Ulsan, Korea Guy Herrouin, Ifremer, La Seyne sur Mer, France Ronald Knapp, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, HI, USA Wataru Koterayama, Kyushu University, Kasuga, Japan Ivar Langen, Stavanger University, Stavanger, Norway
ISOPE-2005 Conference Local Secretariat
Seok Won Hong, Korea Research Inst, of Ship and Ocean Engineering, Daejeon, Korea
ISOPE-2005 Sponsor
International Society of Offshore and Polar Engineers (ISOPE)
PACOMS Executive Committee
A.T. Bekker (Russia), J.S. Chung (USA), P. Grundy (Australia), S.W. Hong (Korea), M . Isaacson (Canada), W. Koterayama (Japan), S. Naito (Japan), Y.-C. Li (China)
EUROMS Executive Committee
S. Berg (Norway), J.S. Chung (USA), B.J. Natvig (Norway), J. Wardenier (The Netherlands)
Cooperating Organizations
Canadian Association of Petroleum Producers (CAPP)
American Society of Civil Engineers (ASCE) - Engineering Mech. Div. Korea Cormnittee for Ocean Resources Engineering (KCORE)
Canadian Society of Civil Engineers (GSCE) - Engineering Mech. Div. Chinese Society of Ocean Engineers (CSOE)
Chinese Society of Naval Architects and Marine Engineers (CSNAME) Chinese Society of Theoretical and Applied Mechanics (CSTAM) Russian Academy of Sciences (RAS)
Singapore Structural Steel Society (SSSS) Norwegian Petroleum Society (NPF)
The Institution of Engineers Australia (IE Australia) Kansai Society of Naval Architects, Japan (KSNAJ) Technical Research Centre of Finland (VTT) The Society of Materials Science, Japan (JSMS)
The Offshore Engineering Society, United Kingdom (OES) IRO, The Netherlands (IRO)
Ukraine Society of Mechanical. Engineers (USME) Scott Polar Research Institute (SPRI), U.K. The Institution ofEngineers Indonesia (PII)
Brazilian Society of Naval Architects ans Marine Engineers (SOBENA) Korean Society of Civil Engineers (KSCE)
The Deutsche Gesellschaft flir Meeresforschung und Meerestechnik (DKMM) The Gesellschaft flir Maritime Technik (GMT)
ISOPE-2005 Conference Paper Reviewers: Partial List
Abadie, S Cheng, L Fukasawa, T Ikegami, K
Ahmed, A S M Cheng, Z Fukuchi, N Ikoma, T
Akagi, H Chien, L K Furukawa, A Inoue, K
Alessandrini, B Chiew, S P Furukawa, Y Inoue, Y
Allersma, H Chiu, Y F Ishida, S
Ames, N D Cho, Y Garbatov, Y Isobe, A
A o k i , S Choi, H S Garnier, J Isobe, E
Aoyama, K Choi, S K Gentile, R Ito, H
Arai, M Chun, C Goda, Y Ito, S
Araujo, A M Chun, I S Gresnigt, A M Ivvashita, H Asakawa, K Chung, J S Griffiths, G
Athanassoulis, G A Chung, T Y Grilli, S T Jang, J J Averbuch, D Chwang, A T Grosenbaugh, M .lansen, E
Ayer, R Clement, A Guijt, W Jayashankar, V
Collard, F Guo, J Jenkins, A
Balaji, C Conrardy, C Jiao,H
Balasubramanian, S Contento, G Han, S J .Tin, H
Bang, S Cruz, J Han, S K Jin, H W
Bangaru, N R V Hang, J G Jo, C H
Bansiak, R Das, R Hang, Y S Jo, H J
Barton Jr., 0 De Wilde, J Hasegawa, Y Johnston, M
Bekker, A T Deguchi, 1 Hatipoglu, F Jones, S
Bercha, F Denney, P Hauge, M Joyce, P
Berg, S Dias, F Hayakawa, K Jun, H J
Bhattachaiyya, S K Dijkstra, 0 D Hayashi, Y Jung, J Y
Bieiy, N Ding, Z J Hazarika, H Jung, Y B
Bonnefoy, F Dong, P Henderson, A
Bourban, S Doyle, R Heo, J H Kajaste-Rudnitski, J
Brae, J Duggal, A Herf] ord, K Kajiwara, H
Brandes, H G Dupont, F Herion, S Kanegaonkar, H
Bransby, F Dutta, P D Hiraishi, T Kaneko, K
Breen, J Hi rose, Y Kanemoto, T
Brehm, M Eifler, W Hobbacher Kang, C G
Bridge, C Elchalakani, M Hobbs, R E Kang, J
Brinkgreve, R B J Endo, H Hogedal, M Kang, K B
Broglia, R Escoffier, S Holmas, T Kang, K J
Brown, R P Ezau, I Hong, D C Kang, M S
Buckham, B Hong, S Kang, S S
Budkowska, B B Fairchild, D Hong, S W Kano, R K
Burkhardt, J Fakharian, K Hong, S Y Karadeniz, H
Byrne, B Falcao, A Horte, T Karlinsky, S
Falchi, M Hoshino, K Kashiwagi, M
Calcagno, G Fames, K - A Huang, C H Katayama, T
Casgrain, K Faure, T Huang, T Kato, N
Cermelli, C Ferrant, P Huang, W P Kato, S
Chaplin, J R Folley, M Hutchison, B Kawabata, T
Chen, B F Fontaine, E Hyodo, M Kawabe, H
Chen, H C Frederking, R Hyun, B S Kawabe, Y
Chen, J-W Fricke, W Kawaguchi, K ,
Chen, X Fujimoto, Y lijima, K Kakuta, S
Chen, Y R Fujiwara, T Ikeda, Y Kawai, H
Kawamura, T Lee, J W Moshagen, H Pokutylowicz, N
Kawasaki, K Lee, S G Mouring, S E Polomoshnov, A M
Kee, S T Lee, T H Murai, M Pontremoli, M
K i m , B C Lee, T K Murakawa, H Portaza, J P
I<:im, C H Lee, Y W Mureithi, N Powers, E
K i m , D J Leesing, P M u r f f , J D Preber, T
K i m , D S Lehr, W Price, J
ICim, E C Leira, B Nabeshima, Y Prinsenberg, S
K i m , H S Levy, A Nagashima, Y Puthli, R
K i m , H T L i , H J Naito, S Puthli, R K i m , J H L i , R P Nakacho, K Qian, X D K i m , J W L i , S S Nakamura, M Qiu, W K i m , K S L i , Y C Nakamura, T Qiu, W
K i m , M H Liao, X Nakano, S Randolph, M
K i m , M S L i l l i , S J Nakashima, M Reistad, M
K i m , S S L i m , F Nakatsuji, K Rhee, K P
K i m , W J L i n , W Nam, D H Rigo,P
K i m , W S Ling, G C Namba, Y Roddier, D
K i m , Y H Ling, S Natvig, B J Roesset, J
K i m , Y S Liu, H Nauroy, J F Rognebakke, 0
Kioka, S L i u , S Newson, T Romeijn, A
Kirby J T L i u , T N i , S H Rychlik, I
Knapp, R H Lokker, R T Nihei, K Ryden, J
Kobayashi, A Lotsberg, I Noblesse, F Ryu, C
Kobayashi, S Louca, L Ryu, S S
Kohier, J L u , H Oda,K
Ryu, S S
Kokawa, H Lynch, R Ogawa, M Sabodash, 0 A
Kolar, A K Oh, Y M Sakai, T
Kolle, J J Maddox, S J Ohmatsu, S Sakamoto, Y
Komai, T Maeda, H Okada, H Santhakumar, S
Komizo, Y Maeda, T Ormondroyd, R F Sarmento, A
Koo, J Makoto, A Osawa, H Sassa, S
Koo, N H Manuel, L Osawa, N Sato, T
Korbaa, 0 Marikunte, S Otsuka, K Sato, Y S
Koterayama, W Marshal, P W Ozekcin, A Sayed, M
Krogstad, H Marzinsky, C Schriever, G
Kubat, I Masaoka, K Packer, J A Schulte, E
Kumar, S Mashri, F, Paik, J-K Scolan, Y M
Kuroiwa, M Mathai, T Paillard, D Sekiguchi, H
Kusakabe, 0 Matsumi, Y Pan, S Seong, W
Kyoung, J H Mavrakos, S A Papazoglou, V Serizawa, H
Kyozuka, Y Mear, S Parameswaran, S Setoguchi, T
Meyer, K E Park, C S Shibue, T
L a l l i , F Michel, J-L Park, H I Shibuya, S
Langen, I Miksad, R Park, I R Shin, E C
Lara, L J Miles, M Park, J H Shin, H S
Law, K T Minoura, M Park, S W Shiraishi, S
Lee, B C Mitsutake, Y Park, W S Simos, A
Lee, C F Mizutani, N Park, Y J Skallerud, B
Lee, C H Momma, H Pedersen, G Sobota, J
Lee, C J Morash, J Peirson, W Soga, K
Lee, D H M o r i , H Pelinovsk, E Sohn, J S
Lee, J G Morigawa, H Pen-ie, W Song, H C
Lee, J R Morita, S Petersen, C W Soukissian, T
Sozer, E Wheat, D Steenbergen, H M G Wheat, H G Sturova, I V Wong, P C Su, K D Wood, D M Suga, Y Wu, J M Suh, J C Wu, J-F Sumer, B M Wu, S Sumi, Y W u , T Sun, Z C Sunahara, S Yamada, Y Sung, H G Yamaguchi, S Suzulci, A Yamazalci, T Suzulci, M Yan, S W Yanagihara, D Talcagai, K Yang, C Tal^agi, K Yang, J N Tal<ahashi, N Yao, T Takaki, M Yasukawa, H Tal<ao, M Yauchi, E Taltemura, J Y e h , H Tang, B Yeung, R W Tang, S Y i m , Z J Tanizawa, K Yoneyama, H Teng, B Yoon, C H Thirumalai, N Yoshida, K Thorel, L Yoshikawa, T Threadgih, P You, S K Timco, G Y u , H K Toda, Y Y u , J C S Tomita, H Y u , Q Tomita, Y Y u , X P Triantaiyllou, M S Y u , Z X Truelsen, C Tsai, IC J Zang, J Tseng, J Zhang, X T Tsuboi, H Zhao, X - L Tsuboi, T Zhukov, G Zou, W Uchida, K Zubakin, G K Ueda, S Ugaz, 0 Umeda, N Utsunomiya, T
Van der Vegte, G J Varyani, K S Wan, D C Wang, J J Wang, L Wang, S Wang, Y Y Wang, Z J Wardenier, J
The Proceedings of The Fifteenth (2005) International
O F F S H O R E AND P O L A R E N G I N E E R I N G C O N F E R E N C E
Seoul, Korea, June 19-24,2005
F O R E W O R D
On behalf o f the Technical Program Committee, it is our pleasure to welcome participants from all over the world to the ISOPE-2005 Conference in Seoul, Korea, June 19-24, 2005. We greatly appreciate the excellent response and assistance we have received from colleagues around the world that have led to the successful organizing o f The 15th International Offshore and Polar Engineering Conference (ISOPE-2005 Seoul).
The technical program committee received more than 750 abstracts. The 2005 conference w i l l features 93 sessions with 472 peer-reviewed papers in the proceedings, 4 plenary sessions and 15 oral presentations without papers in the proceedings, representing 47 countries. Since ISOPE-2000, conference proceedings were published in hard copy and digital print technology was tested in producing a companion C D - R O M o f the proceedings. Since 2002, we have published ISOPE conference proceedings exclusively on CD-ROM? using the author-provided high-quality PDF files on ISOPE conference template. Problems with font embedding and font substitution have been corrected in all PDF files or solved with the Adobe Asian language support in Acrobat Reader since 2004.
The puiposes of the ISOPE conference are to:
• Promote technological progress and activities; international technological transfer and cooperation; and opportunities for engineers to maintain and improve technical competence.
• Provide a timely international forum for technical activities, cooperation, opportunity and fellowship among researchers and engineers through the development o f focused session topics. High-quality papers, expressing technical originality and significance, are accepted only after rigorous review. ISOPE strives to maintain high international standards for publication and worldwide distribution^ and the promotion o f interdisciplinaiy interaction between academia and industry.
The International Society o f Offshore and Polar Engineers (ISOPE) already has held 32 successful international meetings:
• The 1st (1990) European Offshore Mechanics Symposium (ISOPE 90) Trondheim, 1990; EUROMS-99 Moscow.
• The 1st (1990) Pacific/Asia Offshore Mechanics Symposium (ISOPE-PACOMS-90) Seoul; PACOMS-94 Beijing; PACOMS-96 Pusan, PACOMS-2002 Daejeon and PACOMS-2004 Vladivostok.
• The Annual ISOPE conferences, starting in Edinburgh, 1991 were held in San Francisco, Singapore, Osaka, The Hague, Los Angeles, Honolulu, Montréal, Brest, Seattle, Stavanger, Kitakyushu and Honolulu. Since 1992, the annual ISOPE Conference has organized the world's largest technical program o f its kind w i t h refereed papers;
• The 1st (1995) ISOPE Ocean M i n i n g Symposium (95), Tsukuba, 1995, ISOPE 97 Seoul, OMS-99 Goa, OMS-2001 Szczecin and OMS-2003 Tsukuba;
• The 1st (1996) International Deep-Ocean Technology (IDOT-96) Symposium and Workshop, Los Angeles; and IDOT-2001 Stavanger.
• The First (2003) High-Perfomance Materials Symposium (HPM-2003), Honolulu, Hawaii, USA; HPM-2004 Toulon.
The ISOPE TPC has greatly expanded the number o f papers on emerging topics o f importance such as offshore wind energy, advanced natural gas transport, high-performance materials, composites and smart structures and gas hydi-ates. We shall continue to encourage the presentation and discussion of other emerging topics at fiiture conferences.
On behalf o f all the individual TPC members (listed i n General Infonnalion), we would like to thank the reviewers (listed in General Infonnalion) for their help in upholding the technical accuracy and quality of papers. We extend our great appreciation for the help o f colleagues around the world, particularly the authors and reviewers in meeting the deadlines.
We would like to take this oppoitunity to announce that the ISOPE-2006 Conference will be held in San Francisco, Califomia, USA, May 28-June 2, 2006. Click on www.isope.org for the call for papers.
Co-chairmen oflhe ISOPE-2005 Conference
Ro-sil Park, Korea Guy Herrouin, France
Ronald H Knapp, USA Wataru Koterayama, Japan Ivar Langen, Norway
Acknowledgement
The success of The 15th International Offshore and Polar Engineering Conference (ISOPE-2005 Seoul), Seoul, Korea, June 19-24, 2005, is attributable to the teamwork o f the members of the Technical Program Committee (TPC), the cooperating organizations and the reviewers (listed in General Information).
The TPC would like to express its sincere appreciation to the TPC members' organizations for their support, which has been crucial to the successfiil organizing o f the conference and to the ISOPE staff and Local Organizing Committee, Dr. Seok Won Hong, Prof Han-Il Park, Prof Ro-Sik Park and Prof Cheung Ro Ryu, and Local Advisoiy Committee chair. Prof Soo Sam K i m in particular for the efficient handling o f the local organization, support and coordination.
Special Acknowledgement
The ISOPE-2005 participants. Local Organizing Committee, ISOPE Technical Program Committee and ISOPE board o f directors would like to thank to:
POSCO
Korea Science and Engineering Foundation (KOSEF) Korea Gas Corp. (KOGAS)
Samsung Engineering & Construction Co., Ltd. Daewoo Shipbuilding & Marine Engineering Samsung Heavy Industries Co. Ltd
Hyundai Heavy Industries Co. Ltd Daellm Industrial Co., Ltd.
Hyundai Engineering & Construction Co., Ltd. Daewoo Engineering & Construction Co., Ltd. STX Shipbuilding
Korea Ocean Research & Development Institute (KORDI) Korea Institute of Geoscience and Mineral Resources (KIGAM) Korea National Tourism Organization
for their support o f ISOPE-2005 Seoul Conference,
and to Korea Science and Engineering Foundation ( K O S E F ) for partial support for the publication o f this conference proceedings.
The Proceedings of
The Fifteenth (2005) International
OFFSHORE AND POLAR
ENGINEERING C O N F E R E N C E
VOLUME I, 2005
OFFSHORE INDUSTRY REVIEW, FIRST (2005) ISOPE ADVANCED NATURAL GAS TRANSPORT SYMPOSIUM {PIPELINE AND GAS-TO-LIQUIDS, CNG AND LNG, PRESSURIZED LNG), OFFSHORE
MECHANICS AND TECHNOLOGY (OFFSHORE MECHANICS: SAKHALIN II, LNG, FPSO, VLFS
TLP AND SPAR OFFSHORE SYSTEMS JACK-UP AND JACKET), PLENARY PRESENTATION:
MH2I Project, GAS HYDRATES, OCEAN MINING, OCEAN AND OFFSHORE ENERGY, OFFSHORE WIND, WAVES, TURBINES, WAVES AND OTEC, OCEAN AlVD POLAR
ENVIRONMENT, REMOTE SENSING, POLLUTANT, NUMERICAL MODELING, I C E SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING (ENVIRONMENT, ICE BREAKMG,
MECHANICS AND FORECASTmG)
How to Use This Table of Contents
Scroll down or use the bookmarks in the left-side fi'ame to move to a new location in this index. Click on a blue paper title you like to view.
To return to this index after viewing a paper, click on PREVIOUS M E N U bookmark in the left-side fi-ame.
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ISBN 1-880653-64-8 (Set) ISSN 1098-6189 (Set)
www.isope.org
Edited by:
Jin S. Chung, ISOPE, Cupertino, Califomia, USA
Seok Won Hong, Korea Research Inst, of Ship and Ocean Engineering, Daejeon, Korea Jay Koo, ExxonMobil Research & Engineering Co., Annandale, New Jersey, USA
Takeshi Komai, Nafional Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, Tsukuba, Japan Wataru Koterayama, Kyushu University, Kasuga, Japan
Presented at:
The Fifteenth (2005) International Offshore and Polar Engineering Conference held in Seoul, Korea, June 19-24,2005
Organized by:
International Society of Offshore and Polar Engineers Sponsored by:
International Society o f Offshore and Polar Engineers (ISOPE) with coopei-ating societies and associations
The publisher and the editors o f i t s publications assume no responsibility for the statements or opinions expressed in papers or presentations by the contributors to this conference or proceedings.
International Society of Offshore and Polar Engineers (ISOPE) P.O. Box 189, Cupertino, California 95015-0189 USA
CONTENT
O F F S H O R E INDUSTRY R E V I E W Natural Gas Demand and Transport Outlook - 2005
Clifford W. Petersen, Kevin Corbett, and Ron Bowen 1
Offshore Technology: a Heavy Industry Overview
Keh-SikMin 6
North Sea Pipelines - Pushing the Technology Front
Jan Olav Berge 1^
L N G Terminal Technology
Yoimg-Tae Kho 18
I S O P E F I R S T (2005) A D V A N C E D N A T U R A L G A S T R A N S P O R T S Y M P O S I U M Advances in High Strength Technology for Natural Gas Transmission
Andrew K Jenkins and Alan G Glover 24
A New Generation of Ultra-high Strength XlOO/120 Pipelines: A Breakthrough For Economic Longdistance Gas Transportation
Maiwo Pontretnoli 31
Towards XlOO Gas Pipes Assessment Against Propagating Axial Crack Hazard
Gilles Perrin, Michaël Martinez, Pierre Odru, Trung T. Ltni, André Pineau, Benoit Tanguy,
and Jacques Besson 41
A New D M E Production Technology lOOtons/day D M E Direct Synthesis Demonstration Plant Project
Osanni Inokoshi, Yotaro Ohno, Takashi Ogawa, Norio Inoue, and Nagayasu Tokoeda 49
Metal Dusting - Severe Problem in Operation of Syngas Generation for G T L Plant
Kimio Hir ot ani 54
Technical Advancements - V O T R A N S Large-scale C N G Marine Transport
Charles N. White, Paul S. Britton, Yoshio Terada, Naoki Doi, and Masahiko Murata 62
The Knutsen OAS Shipping Pressurized Natural Gas Carrier (PNG)
ABS Development o f a Guide for Compressed Natural Gas Carriers
P. Rynn, H. Patel, andJ. Gaughan 76
Leading Technology for Next Generation of L N G Carriers
James Card and Hoseong Lee 83
Critical Design Issues of New Type and Large L N G Carriers
Simgkon Han, Joo-Ho Heo, and Simg-Geim Lee 90
Pressurized L N G : A New Technology for Gas Commercialization
Scott D. Papka, Mark C Gentry, Ann T. Leger, Ron R. Bowen and Eric D. Nelson 98
Metallurgical Design of Steel Plates with Advanced Cryogenic Properties for Fabrication of Pressurized-LNG Containers
R. Ayer, J.Y. Koo, N. V. Bangaru, A.M. Farah and S.J Ford 103
Pressurized L N G : Prototype Container Fabrication
D.P. Fairchild, P.P. Smith, N.E. Bieiy, A.M. Farah, D.B. Lillig T.S Jackson, and W.J Sisak... 109
O F F S H O R E M E C H A N I C S AND T E C H N O L O G Y O F F S H O R E M E C H A N I C S : L N G , F P S O , V L F S , T L P AND SPAR
Positioning and Installing Simulation of LUN-A Platform for Sakhalin-2
G. V. Zhukov, S. L. Karlinsky, andM. V. Makarov 119
T-Shape Barge Design for Transportation and Mating of Sakhalin I I Topsides
Byung Woo Kim, Mnn Keiin Ha, Chan Hu Park, Seung Hyuk Kim and Young Bok Kim 125
Triceratops: an Effective Platform for Developing Oil and Gas Fields in Deep and Ultra Deep Water
Charles N. White, Robert W. Coppie and Cuneyt Capanoglu 133
Stability Assessment of a Concrete Platform Under Ocean Tow
Erick T. Huang and J. Randolph Paulding 140
Coupled Analysis of Deepwater Oil Offloading Buoy and Experimental Verification
Scmgsoo Ryu, Arun S. Duggal, Caspar N. Heyl, and Yonghui Liu 148
Applications of Component based Spectral Fatigue Analysis System
Sungkon Han, Kyeong-Won Park, Tae-Woon Kang, and Joo-Ho Heo 156
Modeling of Flow around F P S O Hull Sections Subject to Roll Motions: Effect ofthe Separated Flow around Bilge Keels
Yi-Hsiang Yu, Spyros A. Kinnas, Vimal Vinayan, and Bharani K. Kacham 163
Effects of Sway Motion on Reduction Performance of Anti-Rolling Tanks for FPSOs
Yoshiho IKEDA atid Maho HARADA 171
A Numerical and Experimental Study on Motion and Wave Load Responses of Very Large F P S O in Restricted Water Depth
Xie Yonghe and Li Runpei 176
A Dynamic Analysis of an Integrated Aircraft-Floating Structure-Water Interaction System Excited by the Impact of an Aircraft Landing
Experiment on Motion of Large Elastic Floater in Directional Seas
Tetstiya Hiraishi, Mitsiihiro Olamo, and Ichiro Miyazato 190
Hydro-elastic Motions and Drift Forces of Very Large Mobile Offshore Structure in Waves
Ken Takagi, .lun Noguchi and Takeshi Kinoshita 196
Effects of Sea-Bottom Topography on Hydroelastic Response of a Pontoon-Type V L F S
Jo Hyun Kyoung, Byoung Wan Kim, Seok Kyu Cho, Sa Young Hong, Jin Ha Kim, and Young
ShikKim 203
Investigation of the Effect of Stiffness Distribution and Structure Shape on Hydroelastic Responses of Very Large Floating Structures
Byoung Wan Kim, Jo Hyun Kyoung, Sa Young Hong and Seok Kyu dm 210
Nonlinear Dynamic Response of Floating Circular Cylinder with Taut Tether
Xiaohiii Zeng, Xiaopeng Slien, and Yingxiang Wu 218
An Experimental Study on the Extreme Motion Responses of a SPAR Platform in the Heave Resonant Waves
Yong-Pyo Hong, Dong-Yeon Lee, Yong-Ho Choi, Sam-Kwon Hong andSe-Eiin Kim 225
An Experimental Study on Motion Characteristics of Cell Spar Platform
Seung J. Lim, Jun B. RIio, and Hang S. Choi 233
Structural Safety Verification for Kizomba-B Extended Tension Leg Platform
Seock-Hee. Jun, Chun-Sik. Shim, Hag-Sung. Kim, Gi-Yiin. Lee, Joong-Kyoo. Kangand
Joo-Ho. Heo 238
Surge Motion of Mini T L P in Random Seas- Comparison between Experiment and Theory
Niingsoo Kim and Cheung Hun Kim 244
A Feasibility Study for Mini Tension Leg Platform Based on Motion Characteristics in Waves
D.H. Kang 252
O F F S H O R E M E C H A N I C S : SUBSEA AND O F F S H O R E S Y S T E M S AND F I X E D S T R U C T U R E S
Development of Risk-based Information Systems for Management of Sunken Ships
Hyuek-Jin Choi, Hongtae Kim, Seiing-Hyun Lee, Ciiang-Gu Kang, and Jae-Moon Lew 260
Initial Design of Offshore Floating Marina System
H. Chung, T. W. Oh, S Namgoong S B. Kim. and C. H. Jo 268
Automatic Bottom Detection and Horizontal Distance Correction of the High-resolution Marine Seismic Profile
Jin-Hoo Kim andHyiin-Do Kim 273
Experimental Study of Hydrocyclonic Separation under Cyclic Flow Condition
Lixin Zhao, andMingJni Jiang 278
Effects of Current Induced Static Response on Total Response of Offshore Structures Subjected to Wave and Current
Tomoyo Tanigiichi and Kenji Kawano 283
Scour around Spud Cans - Aanalysis of Field Measurements
Torsionally Coupled Response Control of Offshore Platform Structures Using C T L C D
Linsheng Hiio andHongnan Li 296
L N G AND T E R M I N A L
Expansion of Pyeongtaek L N G Receiving Terminal of Korea Gas Corporation
Yoimgsoon Sohn, Yoiingmynng Yang, Insoo Yoon, Simghee Choi and Gunhyung Choi 304
An Initial Study for the Development ofa Smart Health Monitoring System for Insulation Panels of L N G Carriers
Myiing Hyun Kim, Do Hyung Kim, Sung Won Kang, Young Joo Son, Jae Myung Lee, Byung
Jae Noh, and Young Woo Lee 309
Numerical Simulation on Ship to Ship Transfer Operation in Rough Sea
Yoshiyuld Inoue and Md. Kamriizzaman 316
GAS H Y D R A T E S P L E N A R Y P R E S E N T A T I O N
Methane Hydrates R & D in Japan: Progress in MH21 National Project
Takeshi Komai 324
Tuning the Composition of Clathrate Hydrates: the Fundamental Study for Application to Gas Storage
Yii-Taek Seo, Do-Youn Kim, Jong-Won Lee, Jea-SimgPark, andHiien Lee 329
Preliminary Study on Safety Requirements for Natural Gas Hydrate Pellet Carriers
Susumu Ota, Toshiro Arima, Hirofiimi Takano, Kazushi Hirai, Misao Kamei and Hideyuki
Shirota 333
Measurement of Thermal Conductivity of Hydrate Sediment Sample
Yoshitaka.Yamamoto, Taro.Kawamura, Michica.Ohtake, Takeshi.Komai, Fumio.Nakagawa,
Tom oy a. Tsuji, and Yuichi.Tsukada 341
Dissociation Experiment of Hydrate Core Sample using Thermodynamic Inhibitors.
Kawamura, T., Yamamoto, Y., Ohtake M., Sakamoto, Y, Komai, T. andHaneda, H. 346
A Dissociation Behavior of Methane Hydrate-Bearing Sediment Using High-speed X-ray C T Scanner
Yasiishi Kamata, Mitsutaka Sato, Shinji Ono, Takao Ebiniima, Jiro Nagao, Hideki
Minagawa, Ryo Omiira and Hideo Narita 351
Behavior of Gas Hydrate Formation in Marine Sediments for C O 2 Sequestration
Imd, M., Komai, T., Sakamoto Y., Kawamura T., Ando A., andKagemoto, H. 355
Transformation of Methane Hydrate to Carbon Dioxide Hydrate: In Situ Raman Spectroscopic Observations
Ji-Ho Yoon, Taro Kawamura, Yoshitaka Yamamoto, and Takeshi Komai 360
Effects of Methane Hydrate Formation on Shear Strength of Synthetic Methane Hydrate Sediments
Laboratory Experiments to Investigate Hydrate Destabilization
Kana Kuroda, Stephen M. Masiitani and Gérard C. Nihous 370
Catalytic and Adsorption Techniques for Gas Hydrates Development
Maxun S. Mel'gunov, Vladinhr B. FeneJonov, and Valentin N. Parmon 374
Numerical Simulation of Laboratory Experiments on Methane Hydrate Dissociation
Rajesh J. Pawar,George A. Zyn'oloski, Norio Tenma, Ysuhide Sakamoto and Takeslii Komai 379
Field Scale Simulation for Effect of Permeability Distribution and Anisotropy on Dissociation and Gas Production Behavior in Marine Sediments with Gas Hydrate
Y. Sakamoto, T. Komai, T. Kawamura, N. Tenma, and T. Yamaguchi 386
D E E P - O C E A N O C E A N MINING
Polymetallic Nodules Processing in Interoceanmetal. the Present and the Future
Frantisek Vranka and Ryszcwd Kotlinski 392
The Effect of High-Power Electromagnetic Pulses on Physicochemical Properties of Sulfide Minerals and Gold-Containing Beneficiation Products
V. A. Chantiniya, I. J. Bimin and A. T. Kovalev 398
Sensitivity Analyses for Development of Manganese Nodules and Cobalt-Rich Manganese Crusts
S-H. Park andT. Yamazaki 406
Behavior of Discharged Water from Ocean Nutrient Enhancer " T A K U M I "
Akiyoshi Bando, Shunji Sakurazawa, Masayuki Umeki, Kaziiyuki Ouchi, and Yasiiyuki
Ikegami 411
On-Iand Hydraulic Pumping Experiments of 30-meter Height Scale
Chi-Ho Yoon, Dong-Kil Lee, Yong-Chan Park and Seok-ki Kwon 417
Experimental Study on Effects of Pipe Inclination in Airlift Water Pumping
Sup Hong, Jong-Su Choi and Seok Won Hong 421
Design of Decentralized Controller for Deep Seabed Mining System
Tae-Kyeong YEU, Sup HONG, Hyung-Woo KIM and Jong-Su CHOI 426
O C E A N AND O F F S H O R E WIND E N E R G Y
Design of Monopile Foundations for Large Offshore Windturbines - Experiences from the First Projects Offshore the British Coast
NUs Fog Gjersoe and Carsten Brendstrup 433
Evaluation of Different Damage Prediction Methods for Support Structures of Offshore Wind Energy Converters
Patric Kleineidam and Peter Schainnann 441
Certification of Offshore Wind Farms
Intelligent Wind Turbine Generator with Tandem Rotors Applicable to Offshore Wind Farm
Toshiaki Kanemoto, Ahmed Mohamed Galal, Yuji Inada, and Yuko Konno 457
Applications of Long Distance H V D C - / A C Cable Transmission Systems for Grid Access to Remote Offshore Oil & Gas / Windpark Installations
Nofbert Christ! and Michael G. Weinhold 463
Dynamic Behavior of Novel Vertical Axis Tidal Current Turbine: Numerical and Experimental Investigations
D.P. Cairo, F. Nicolosi, A. De Marco, S. Melone, and F. Montella 469
Optimal Damping Profiles for a Heaving Buoy Wave Energy Converter
G.A. Nolan, J.V. Ring^vood, W.E. LeitheadandS. Butler 477
Investigation of Seasonal Variation of Wave Energy Density around Jeju Sea based on Long-Term Simulated Wave Data
KeyyongHong, Seimg-Ho Shin, Seok-Won Hong andHwangjin Ryu 485
Experimental Study on Wave Overtopping Discharge in Sloping Structures for Wave Energy Converter
Seung-Ho Shin and Keyyong Hong. 491
Design ofa Stand-alone Wave Energy Plant
S.Muthukumar, RDesai, V.Jayashankar, S.SanthakinnarandT.Setoguchi 497
A Proposal for Energy Extracting Float
Kesayoshi Hadano, Pallav Koirala and Makoto Watanabe 503
Design of Impulse Turbine with an End Plate for Wave Energy Conversion
B.-S HYUN, J-S MOON, S W. HONG and K.S KIM. 507
Effect of Tip Clearance on the Performance of Impulse Turbine for Wave Energy Conversion
Tae-Whan Kim, Manabu Takao, Toshiaki Setoguchi and Kenji Kaneko 513
Performance of Radial Turbine with Pitch-Controlled Guide Vanes for Wave Energy Conversion
Manabu Takao, Yoshihiro Fujioka, Tae-Whan Kim and Toshiaki Setoguchi 518
Hysteretic Characteristics of Biplane Wells Turbine in a Deep Stall Condition
M. Mcunun, Y. Kinoue, T. Setoguchi, K. Karieko andY. W. Lee 523
Characteristics of Floating Type Wave Power Generating System with Oscillating Water Column
Masami Suzuki, Yiikihisa Wctshio arid Toshiari Kuboki 529
Numerical Study on the Wave Power Absorbed by a Floating B B D B Wave Energy Device
Do Chun Hong, Sa Young Hong and Seok Won Hong 537
Comparison of Numerical Dynamic Pressure Inside a Pneumatic Chamber of an O W C Device with Measured Dynamic Pressure by Model Experiments
Seok Won Hong, Do-Chun Hong, Sa-Young Hong, Jin-Ha Kim, Hark Sun Choi and Jae
Moon Lew 542
Technical Manual for Oscillating Water Column Type Wave Power Device
Oceanic Obsei'vation and Investigation for Utilization of Ocean Energy in the Fiji
Yasiiyiiki Ikegami, Kaziiya Urata, Akiyoslii Bando, Takaaki Wajima, Keisiike Oiito, Tsiitomii
Nakaoka, Kiyoharii Tabiichi and Tadaslii Kamario 557
Effect of Regenerator Heat Transfer Performance on the Cycle Thermal Efficiency of O T E C using Ammonia - Water as Working Fluid
Yasiiyuki Ikegami, Takesln Yasimaga and Har uo Uehara 563
O C E A N AND P O L A R E N V I R O N M E N T , R E M O T E SENSING AND N U M E R I C A L M O D E L I N G A Concept of Harmonized Transportation System for Supporting the Recycle-based
Society
Takeslii SHINODA, NobiiyosJii FUKUCHI Fiimiko REIKAN, Keisiike FUKUHARA and
Hwayoung KIM. 567
Environmental Impact Assessment for Large-Scale D O W Utilization
Koji Otsuka, Tomoji Ikeda and Masatoshi Hayashi 575
Estimation Method for Vertical Distribution of Phytoplankton at the Western Equatorial Pacific Ocean
Naoki NAKATANI Takidiei SHIOZAKI and TaketosJii OKUNO 582
Field Surveys of Transport Processes in the Kitan Strait Connecting Osaka Bay and the Pacific Ocean
Han-Gu Kim, Shiizo Nishida atid Keiji Nakatsuji 590
On Examination of the Detection Method of Leakage Oil from Sunken Ship and Quantity of the Remained Oil Using Ultrasonic Wave
Kunihiro HOSHINO, Michio SHIMADA, Shoiclii HARA, Kazuo HITOMI Michihiro KAMEYAMA, Hiroshi YAMANOUCH, Obuo KIRIYA, Toshifumi Hori, Masahiko SASANO,
Kenjiro HIKIDA, Naoki NIIDA and Mashiro TAKEI 596
The Risk of Oil Spillage at Mirfa Power and Desalination Plant
Khaled A. Mohamed, M.Odeh and Ahmed Areiqat 604
Treatment of ASP Produced Water with Hydrophilic Fibre Ball Filtration
Shumeng Liu, Xigid Dong, Xuefeng Zhao, Zhenjia Zhang and Wei Du 612
Application of a Genetic Algorithm to the Design of Groundwater Monitoring Well Networks under Conditions of Uncertainty
K. Inoue, T. Tanaka and I Masaki 617
Environmental Invesfigafions at the Seafloor Using Optical and Acoustic Sensors on bottom landers
Anders Tengberg, Elin Almroth, Henrik Andersson, Oleg Andrejev. Jenny Brunnegdrd, Alexander Egorov, Per Hall, Alexey Isaev, Anette Jönsson, Mikko Kiirikki, Mikhail Kononets, Marina Kravtchichina, Viktor Kravtsov, Mario Laima, Joiini Lehtoranta,
Alexander Leonov, Lars Liind-Hansen, Oleg Makarov, Kalervo Makela, Ivan Neelov, Lovisa Olsson, Svetlana Pakhomova, Natalia Panh-atova, Matti Perttila, Valety Petiikhov, Heikki Pitkanen, Alexander Rozanov, Juha Sarkkula, Paula Vaananen, Roman Vankevych and
Mass Balance Eco-model for Impact Estimation of Possible Methane Leakage during Methane Hydrate Utilization
Tetsiio Yamazaki, Yiikihiko Nakano, Daisuke Nonoe, Kisaburo Nakata and Tomohiko
Fukushima 631
Marine Litter in the Ports of the Republic of Korea
Won-Soo Kang, Seong-Gil Kang, Moonjin Lee, Seimghyun Lee, Jae-Hwan Lee and
Chang-Gu Kang 638
Sediment Transport and River Plume Modeling In the South Coast of Korea
Cha-Kyum Kim 645
Field Investigation on Turbidity Caused by Dredging Using the Watertight Bucket
Nobuhiko Matsuda, Michio Gomyo, Yuhei Matsubara, Osamu Hinokidani andMasamitsu
Kiu'oiwa 650
The Outline ofthe Integrate Treatment System to Marine Debris for Offshore Korea
Rho-Taek Jung, Hoiig Gun Sung, Seon-Dong Kim, Won-Soo Kang, Chang-Gu Ka?ig, and
Scuig-ln Keel. 656
Ballast Water Exchange for Prevention from Biological Hazard by Flow-through Method
Takeshi SHINODA, NobuyosJii FUKUCHI and Kotaiv NISHIMURA 663
Residual Circulation System in the Bohai Sea
Zliaochen Sun, Shuxiu Liang, Keiji Nakatsuji and Ryoichi Yamanaka 671
Modelling of Tide and Tidal Currents in the South-Eastern Coastal waters of Korea
Jong-Kyu Kim and Tae-Soon Kang 678
A Discontinuous Galerkin Finite Element Shallow Water Model in Simulating Tidal Flows
Zhixing Yu and Yusaku Kyozuka 685
Non-hydrostatic Calculation of Shallow Water Environmental Free Surface Flows
B.S. Yoon and C. W. Pcifk 691
Modeling the Seaweed Bed Ecosystems in a Deep Ocean Water Discharged Area
Koji Otsuka, Konomi Takakura, Takamitsu Moriyama and Yuko Abe 697
Simulation of Tidal Fields around a Huge Floating Marina using a Multi-level Method
SY.Boo 705
I C E M E C H A N I C S , B R E A K I N G AND F O R E C A S T I N G , AND E N V I R O N M E N T Frost Heaving Pressure Characteristics of Frozen Soils in Korea - A Laboratoiy Test
E. C. Shin, J J Park and B. M. Das 712
Local Ice Pressures on the C C G S Terry Fox
Robert Frederking and Michelle Johnston 718
Development of 115K Tanker Adopting Baltic Ice Class l A
Hyun-Soo Kim, Mun-keim Ha, Dang Ahn, Soo-Hyung Kim and Jong-Woo Park. 724
Abrasion of Offshore Structure due to Sea Ice Movement
Takahiro Takeuchi, Naoki Nakazawa, Takashi Mikami, Yasimori Watanabe and Hiroshi
Stress-Strained State Analysis and Selection of Rational Parameters of Concrete-Filled Steel Structures for Offshore Ice-Resistant Fixed Platforms
E.E. Toropov, A.R. Gintovt and S.M. Ginzburg 733
Rationalization ofthe Design of Side Structure of Ice Strengthened Tankers
Ge Wang, Roger Basu, DipaJc Cliavda, Shewen Lin and Myong-Sup Lee 739
Numerical Calculation Model of Sea Freezing in Fishing Port During Winter Season
S.KioIca, D.Honma, Y.Yamamoto andT. Terashima 744
An Operational Model of Iceberg Drift
Ivana Kubat, Mohamed Sayed, Stuart B. Savage and Tom Carrières 752
Estimation of Failure Length of Ice Sheet Rubbles
Kyimgsik Choi and Jin-Kyoung Lee 759
Distribution of Ice in the Yellow Sea
The Proceedings of
The Fifteenth (2005) International
OFFSHORE AND POLAR
ENGINEERING C O N F E R E N C E
VOLUME II, 2005
P I P E L I N E S , R I S E R S A N D C A B L E M E C H A N I C S , F L O W - I N D U C E D V I B R A T I O N S , D E E P - O C E A N R O V , A U V , N A V I G A T I O N A N D C O M M U N I C A T I O N , G E O T E C H N I C A L A N D G E O E N V I R O N M E N T A L
E N G I N E E R I N G {PLENARYPRESENTATION: Seismic, FOUNDATIONS CENTRIFUGE AND MODELING, SOIL PROPERTIES PILES &CAISSONS SPECIAL PROJECTS, DYNAMIC
PHEONOMENA, LIQUEFACTION, SEISMIC PHENOMENA, SEABED AND SLOPE)
How to Use This Table of Contents
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ISBN 1-880653-64-8 (Set) ISSN 1098-6189 (Set)
www.isope.org
Edited by:
Kazunori Uchida, Kobe University, Kobe, Japan Jin S. Chung, ISOPE, Cupertino, California, USA
Henderikus Allersma, Delft University of Technology, Delft, The Netherlands Han-il Park, Korea Maritime University, Busan, Korea
Mohamed Sayed, Canadian Hydraulics Centre, National Research Council, Ottawa, Canada
Presented at:
The Fifteenth (2005) International Offshore and Polar Engineering Conference held in Seoul, Korea, June 19-24, 2005
Organized by:
International Society o f Offshore and Polar Engineers
Sponsored by:
The pubhsher and the edhors of its publications assume no responsibility for the statements or opinions expressed in papers or presentations by the contributoi's to this conference or proceedings.
International Society of Offsiiore and Polar Engineers (ISOPE) P.O. Box 189, Cupertino, California 95015-0189 USA
CONTENT
O F F S H O R E AND A R C T I C P I P E L I N E S , R I S E R S AND C A B L E M E C H A N I C S
O F F S H O R E AND A R C T I C P I P E L I N E S Commissioning 8000 km of subsea pipelines
Christian Falck and Jarleiv Maribu 1
Ormen Lange Pipelines - A Step Further
Asbjorn Wilhelmsen, Hilde Meisingset, Siinen Moxnes and Hans Olav Knagenhjelm 8
Ormen Lange Pipelines Routing and Cost-effective Seabed Preparation
Ole Maginis Holden, Gunnar Paulsen, Petter Bryn and Tom Marthinsen 16
Hydrate Prevention on Long Pipelines by Direct Electrical Heating
Atie Lenes, Jens Kristian Lervik, Harald Kulbotten, Arne Nysveen and Atie Harald Bornes 24
The Influence of the Reeling Installation Method on the Integrity of Circumferential Welds in Tight Fit Pipe
E.S. Focke, J. van Oosten, J. Meek, A. Romeijn andH. Nakasugi 31
Pipeline Expansion on Uneven Seabed
Tore Soreide, Stig Olav Kvarme and Gimnar Paulsen 38
High Voltage Cable Design for Direct Electrical Heating of Very Long Flowlines
Sverre Hvidsten, Are Bruaset, Kjell Olafsen, Liv Liindegaard and Atie H Bornes 44
Experimental and Theoretical Investigations of Multiphase Twin Screw Pumps for New Offshore Applications
T. Rausch, Th. Vauth, M. Reichwage andD. Mewes 49
Special Features of Frost Heave of a Buried Chilled Gas Pipeline
Grechishchev, SE, Magomedgadzhieva, MA, andDmitrieva, SP 57
Problems of Probabilistic Simulation of an Underwater Pipeline Track under Impact of Drifting Hummocks Offshore Sakhalin Island
Alexander T. Bekker, Olga A. Sabodash and Pavel A. Truskov 62
Elasto-plastic Bearing Behavior of Steel Pipes Exposed to Internal Pressure and Bending
Peter Schainnann, Christian Keindorf and Henning Briiggemann 69
Experimental Research on Local Buckling Behaviour of Tight Fit Pipe
Displacement Control in Lateral Buckling of "Short" Pipelines
Lars Christensen 84
Analytical Linear Elastic Analysis of Lateral Buckling of "Short" Pipelines
Lars Christensen 93
Numerical Analysis on Pipeline Laying for Intake Deep Ocean Water
D.H. Jung, HJ Kirn and H.I. Park 103
Induced Pipeline On-bottom Stability: Comparisons between Pipe -Soil and Wave-Pipe -Soil Interaction Models
Fuping Gao, Yingxiang Wu, Dong-Sheng Jeng and Xu Jia 109
Pipeline-Seabed Interaction Analysis for Horizontal Cyclic Loading of Pipeline
Tomiya Takatani 115
Analysis of Flow and Structure Interactions on a Floating Body with a 3D-PTV and a Motion Tracking Technique
Deog Hee Doh, Hyo Jae Jo, Tae Gyu Hwang, Joo Ho Choi, Kyimg Rae Cho, Kenji Tanaka
and Masahiro Takei 123
Vortex-induced Vibration Model of Span Segment of Buried Submarine Pipeline
Jing-ZhongXING, Chun-Tu LIU and Metig-Lan DUAN. 130
R I S E R S , M O O R I N G AND C A B L E M E C H A N I C S
Experimental Study and Numerical Analysis on Free Spanning Submarine Pipeline under Dynamic Excitation
Jing Zhou, Xin Li and Rubo Dong 135
Vortex-induced Vibrations of Submarine Free-span Pipelines Using Turbulent Flow Model Simulation
Guoxing Wang, Bingchen Liang and Huajun Li 141
An Experimental and Numerical Study on Vortex Induced Vibrations of a Long Flexible Riser Undergoing Irregular Motion at its Top End
Hidetaka Senga arid Wataru Koterayama 148
Highly Efficient Modal Analysis Method Based on Limited Number of Sensors
Igor Prislin 155
Command and Control of Subsea Well Completions by means of Acoustic Communications
Dale Green 161
Flexible Riser Fatigue Design and Testing
Carlos Alberto Duarte de Lemos and Min-ilo Augusto Vaz 166
Nonlinear Analysis of Seabed Interaction and Mooring Cable Dynamics with A Finite Element Approach
Long Yu and Jiahua Tan 173
On the Mooring Line Tension of the Tanker by Dolphin Mooring in Wind and Waves
Shoichi Hara, Katsuji Tanizawa, Kunihiro Hoshino, Toshiyuki Kano and Kenji Yamakawa 179
Comparisons on the Mooring Line Force and Cage Motion Characteristics of Gravity and Sea Station Cages
Selection Procedure for Optimal Size of Mooring Buoy Chain by Introduction of Elastic Type Chain
Katsiimasa Tokiibiichi cmd Tomotsiika Takayama 194
F L O W - I N D U C E D V I B R A T I O N S
Simulation of High Reynolds Number Flow past Arrays of Circular Cylinders Undergoing Vortex-induced Vibrations
J.P. Pontaza, C.R. Chen cmd H.C. Chen 201
Experimental Study of Vortex Induced Vibration of an Elastically Mounted Sphere in a Pipe
L. Grhiis, U. Tzadka and Yn.M. Krakovskii 208
Cable Vibration Considering Internal Friction
Xin Liu and R.H. Knapp 213
Vortex-Induced Vibration of a Circular Pile in Slowly Fluctuating Tidal Current
Fumiaki Nagao, Minoru Noda, Eiichi Arima and Hidehiko Utsunomiya 220
Riser Interference and V I V Amplification in Tandem Configuration
E. Fontaine, J.P. Morel, Y.M. Scolan and T. Rippol 226
D E E P O C E A N R O V , A U V AND C O M M U N I C A T I O N The Development and Sea Trial of KAIKO7000
T. Murashima, H. Nakajoh, H. Yoshida, N. Yamauchi and H. Sezoko 234
A Study on the Pressure Vessel Design, Structural Analysis and Pressure Test ofa 6,000 m Depth-rated Unmanned Underwater Vehicle
Tae-Hwan Joung, In-SikNho, Chong-Moo Lee, Pan-Mook Lee, Seung-Il Yang, Seok-Won Hong, Taro Aoki, Tadahiro Hyakudome, II-Gyu Kang, Gyeong-Hwan Yoon, Young-RokKim
and Sang-Chul Han 240
Deep-Sea Cruising AUV " U R A S H I M A " - Challenge to the Record for the Autonomous Navigation
-Shojiro Ishibashi, Taro Aoki, Ikuo Yamamoto, Satoshi Tsukioka, Hiroshi Yoshida, Tadahiro Hyakudome, Takao Sawa, Tetsuya Inada, Akihisa Ishikawa, Kiroshi Hirokawa, Kazuhisa
Yokoyama and Toshihisa Tani 246
Prospective Deep Sea Detailed Survey with the A U V "Urashima"
Satoshi Tsukioka, Taro Aoki, Ikuo Yamamoto, Hiroshi Yoshida, Tadahiko Hyakudome,
Shojiro Ishibashi, Takao Sawa, Akihisa Ishikawa, Tetsuya Inada and Kiyoshi Hirokawa 252
A Novel Approach To Online Underwater Path Planning With Particle Simulation System
Alexander M. Nip and Song K. Choi 259
An Integrated Navigation System for Undenvater Vehicles with Range Measurement
Pan-Mook Lee, Bong-Huan Jun and Sea-Moon Kim 267
Analysis of Normal Mode Vibration of UUV Support System Considering Pre-stress Effect
A Study on the Structural Design and Analysis of Unmanned Undenvater Vehicle
Tae-Hwan Joung, In Sik Nlio and Pan-Mook Lee 277
Development of an Undenvater Modular Robot System for Autonomous Manipulation Tasks
Son-Cheol Yu, Tae- Won Kim, Kaikala Rosa, Keon Yoimg Yi, Song K Clioi, Tamaki Ura and
Junku Yiili 283
Fast On-line Neuro-fuzzy Controller for Autonomous Undenvater Vehicles
Tae Won Kim and J Yiih 289
A Client-server Oriented Programming Language for Autonomous Undenvater Manipulation
G. Marani, L Medrano, S K. Choi, and J Yiih 295
Tuning and Modeling of Redundant Thrusters for Undenvater Robots
Aaron M. Hanoi, Kaikala H. Rosa and Song K. Choi 302
A Case for Active Control of Undenvater Vehicles Towed by Very Long Marine Cables
Mark Grosenbaugh and Andrew Bowen 308
A Numerical Analysis for the Dynamic Behavior of R O V Launcher and Umbilical Cable under Combined Excitations
H. I Park D.Y. Kwon, and D.H. Jung 313
Experimental Observation on the Behavior of a Self-Stable Controllable Undenvater Towed Vehicle by Photogrammetry
Jiaming Wu andJiawei Ye 319
Computational Fluid Dynamics Analysis of An Underwater Towed System
Jiaming Wu and Zhiyin Li 325
Robust Undenvater Acoustic Communication Algorithm for a Moving Vehicle Based on Adaptive Time-Reversal Processing
K. C. Shin, J S Kim and Y. H Choi 331
Phase Tracking Loop Parameter Computing Algorithm in the Undenvater Q P S K Transmission
Seung-Geun Kim, Youngchol Choi, Jongwon Park, Sea-Moon Kim and Yong-Kon Lim 336
A Broadband F I R Beamformer for Undenvater Acoustic Communications
Youngchol Choi and Yong-kon Lim 342
Safe and Efficient Operation of Multi Channel Seismic Survey System
Nobiio Kojima, Hidenori Shibata, Yuki Ohwatari, Satoshi Okada, Masayuki Toizumi and
Shinichi Takagawa 346
G E O T E C H N I C A L AND G E O E N V I R O N M E N T A L E N G I N E E R I N G
P L E N A R Y P R E S E N T A T I O N I I
Characteristics of Waterfront Landslides Induced by Earthquakes
FOUNDATIONS
Some Design Guidelines for Suction Pile Installation under Self-weight and Suction in Caspian Sea
Kazem Fakharian and Amir Soltanmoliammadlou 366
Analysis Technique of Offshore Structure-ground System with Considering Change of Shear Modulus of Sand Measured by Laboratory Testing
Shoji Yokohama, Seiichi Miiira, Shima Kmvamura andSarandiilam Dashdorj 371
Bearing Capacity Improvement of Anisotropic Ground Beneath Offshore Structure
SJvma Kawamura and Seiichi Miura 377
Field Load Tests on Model Pile Group
Young-Nam Lee, Yung-Ho Park and Seung-hyun Lee 384
Cyclic Undrained Behavior of Soft Clays and Cyclic Bearing Capacity ofa Single Bucket Foundation
Jianhua Wang, Chi Li and Kathiyn Moran 392
In-Situ Stabilization of Road Base Using Cement - A Case Study in Malaysia
G. W. K. Chai, E. Y. N. Oh and A. S Balasubramaniam 400
C E N T R I F U G E AND M O D E L I N G
Centrifuge Modeling of Scouring Ice Keels in Clay
Henderikus G.B. Allersma and Ima S.S. Schoonbeek 404
Shaking Table Tests of Reinforced Earth Walls
Yasiiyuki Nabeshima 410
Centrifuge Model Test on Ground Water Pollution due to Construction of Pile Foundations in a Waste disposal Site
BinodL. Amatya, M. Ruhiil Amin Khan, Jiro Takemura and Osamu Kusakabe 415
Simulation of Dynamic Loading in Centrifuge Modeling for Suction Bucket Foundations
Xiaobin Lu, Jianhong Zhang, Giioliang Sun and Ziiyu Chen 423
Centrifuge Model Tests on Embedded Suction Anchors
YS Kim, K.0. Kim, Y. Cho, S Bang and K. Jones 431
S O I L P R O P E R T I E S
Magnetic Resonance Imaging Observation of Changes in Water Content during the Drying and Water Absorption Processes of a Soil
Masanori Tanaka, Takeshi Kamei and Yoshihiko Ando 436
Evaluation on the Seismic Performance of Landing Pier with Batter Piles
In-Sung Jang, O-Soon Kwon, Woo-Sun Park and Weon-Mu Jeong 442
Characteristics of Strength in Clayey Soils by Electro-Grouting
Soo Sam Kim, Sang Jae Han, Byung II Kim, Ki Nyiin Kim and Seung Young Jung. 448
Study on the Visualization of Soil Turbulence Surrounding the Model Pile Using Thermography
