Widok Толерантность речевой коммуникации в дискурсивно-стилистическом аспекте

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OSpamaaCb K HCCJie^OBaHHIO TOJiepaHTHOCTH B ^HCKypCHBHO-CTHJIHCTHHCCKOM acneicre, bbcacm nsa noacHenna. Ilepsoe - CBaaaHO c neo6xoflnM<)CTtłO onpc/icjiHTb COACpżKaHHC 3TOTO HOHaTHa, IIOTOMy HTO JIHCKyCCHH, BbI3BaHHbIC 06cyzKJJCHHCM (JtCHOMCHa TOJiepaHTHOCTH, He yTHXaiOT 40 CHX nop. OlIHH OTBepraiOT TepMHH, cwraa ero HaBasaHHbiM aanąmioH KynbiypoH hbcbh3hcsthm HyaęzibiM. flpyrHe, naoóopoT, npH3HaioT TOJiepaHTHOCTb toh jjoópojjeiejibio, 6e3 Koiopon hcboimojkho

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OźIHaKo b KOHije XX Bena CTaHOBHTca aKTyanbHbiM TpeTbe anatemie tojic- paHTHOCTH KaK KyjibmypHou, HpaecniBeHHOU, jmuuecKou i^eunocmu, BO3HHKinee b

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bkji K)4aiomyK> hc TOJibKO cMHpenne, hoh iiomaHnc, oijeHKy, npHHMTHe peineHHH, noHHMaHHe Hyacoro mhchmm», t.c. aKTHBHoe (neaTCJibHoe) OTHOineHHe k MHpy [JJaHHJHOK

2001: 92]. Orciofla

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- naccuBHoe, 6e3pa3Jtumtoe omnoiueHue k dpyzoMy.

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Stylistyka XX

ero KaK cbohctbo aiiajioiHHCCKoro B3anMO.neiiCTBH», opneHTnpoBaHHoro Ha coTpynHimecTBo, B3anMoyBa>KeHne h B3aHMonoHHMaHne. B ct|)epe HayKH 3to cbohctbo npHcyme pencBOMy noBeaeHHto cyóbCKTOB HayHHOH KOMMyHHKaijHH H MO7KCT HHTepnpeTHpOBaTbCa B KaHCCTBC KaTCFOpHH peHCBOTO o6njCHH3.

Bropoe noacHeHHe, KOTopoe Heo6xo/iHMO caeaaTb, CBaaaHO c nonaTHCM «JJHCKypCHBHO-CTHaHCTHHeCKHH». ^HCKypCHBHO-CTHHHCTHHeCKHH HOflXOfl npe/inojiaraeT nccjieflOBanHC TeKCTa c ho3hhhh flHCKypcHBHoro u (|iyHKmioHajibHO- -cthuhcthmcckofo anajiH3a oahobpcmchho. Flpn 3tom ^HCKypcHBHbiii komfiohcht

TaKoro no/ixofla opucHTupoBan Ha yaer BjinaHHa 3KCTpajiHHFBHCTHtłecKHX 4>aKropoB na nopo>K4eHne TCKcra, cthjihcthhcckhhkomhohcht CBaaaH c H3yMCHHCM a3biKOBbix cpc/icTB penpeaeHTauHH coflepacatnia stoto TeKCTa.

OcHOBbiBaacb na OTMCHCHHbix M.H. Kotkhhoh nojio»ceHHax 06 o6hihocth

MeTOflOJIOFHHeCKHX HpHHlJHnOB (JjyHKUHOHajIbHOH CTHJIHCTHKH H flHCKypCHBHOFO ananasa (Koacnna 2004: 25-26), E.A. EaaceHOBa cnpaBO/uiHBO nojiHcpKHBacT npaBOMepHOCTb cóJinaceHHa sthx mcto^ob HCCJiejjOBaHHa npHMCHHTCJibHo k

nayHHOMy TCKCiy (BaaceHOBa 2005: 20). Pa3BHBaa aiy nzjeio, M.II. KoiropoBa 3aKJiK)Maer: «...(J)yHKUHOHajibHO-CTHJiHCTnHCCKHH anajiH3 nayiiHbix tckctob, hx

o6o6in,eHHbix cbohctb, a TaK>Ke xapaKTcpHCTHK, npHcyn|Hx TeKcraM c THHOBbiM - HayHHO-no3HaBarejibHbiM - co^epacanHCM, Bnoane Moacer, a na flaHHOM STane pa3BH- ma ryMaHHTapHOH HayKH /jaace aoji/KCh 6brn> AonoancH, yrayóJiCH, pacniHpeH 3a

chct AHCKypcHBHoro aHajiH3a TeKCTa. Bmcctcctbm H3yaeHHe TeKCTa, cnennajibno opHeHTHpoBaHHoe Ha flHCKypcHBHbm aHajiH3, c yaeroM KOHKpeTHbix coiiHajibHbix h

ncHxojiorHqecKHx oco6chhoctch aBTopa, noHHMaeMoro KaK cy&beKT nosnaBa- TCJIbHO-KOMMyHMKaTMBHOH ^ealCJIbHOCTM, TBKTKC MO/KCT 6bITb flOnOJIHCH, paCUIH- pen, oóoGmeH 3a chct (j)yHKL[HOHajibHo-CTHJiHCTHMccKoro anajiH3a» (KonopoBa 2009: 29).

Conianiaacb c aBTopaMH, pacKpoeM bo3mo>khocth flHCKypcHBHo-c™-jiHCTHHecKoro no/ixofla k MCCJiejjOBaHHio TonepaHTHocTH peneBoii kom- MyHHKapHH B JKBHpe HayHHOH /JHCKyCCHH, nOCKOJIbKy CHHTaCM, HTO HMCHHO

b aHCKyccHH, KOTopaa opHeHTHpoBana na BbipaaceHHe pa3JiHHHbix, a 3H3hht, nepe/iKO npoTHBonojioacHbix, mhchhh c hcjiejo sarunTbi caoeu tohkh 3peHna, nojiynaeT apKoe BonnoiHCHHC upoÓJiCMa TOJiepaHTHOCTH.

(pyHKijuoHajibHO-cmujiucmuuecKaH u ducKypcuenaH cocTaBnaromne stoto

noflxofla CBa3aHbi, BO-nepBbix, c KBajiHffjHKauHeii MaTepnana, BbiópaHHoro fljia HCCJieflOBaHHa. Mbi oSpamacMca k aHanH3y onpc^eJicHHoro Tnna tckctob - HHCbMCHHblM HayHHbIM AHCKyCCHaM, B KOTOpbIX nocpejjCTBOM HayHHoro

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([jyHKunoHajitHoro cthjih 3a<j)HKCHpoBaHa HayHHO-no3HaBaTejibHaa aeaTCJib- HOCTb yqeHbix.

OjjHaKO na ocHOBaHHH Toro, hto tckctm Haynnon 4HCKyccHH oótc/ihhchm

flHanorHHecKOH u TCMarnHCCKOH ucjiocthoctbio (cm. onpcacjicHHe: nucbMCHHaa naynnaa /jHCKyccna npencTaBJiacT co6oh coBOKynHOCTb hcckojibkhx tckctob

CTaren, nocBamcnHbix o6cy»yjeHHio HaynHbix npoójieM h noncKy B3anMonpne- MJieMOrO HX peineHHS KOMHCTCHTHblMH JIHIiaMH), MO3KHO 3aKJHOHHTb, HTO HayHHaa niicKyccna aBnaerca (J)opMon HayHHoro .ancKypca. B noKaiarcabCTBO □Toro nojioacenaa npou,HTnpyeM mhchhc B.E. HepnaBCKon o tom, hto flHCKypc - «...3TO COBOKyilHOCTH TCMaTHHCCKH COOTHeCCHHbIX TCKCTOB: TCKCTM, oGbC/JH- HaeMbie b /jHCKypc, oGpanjCHbi TaK hjih HHane k 04110 h oómeii tcmc. Co^epacanne (TCMa) flMCKypca pacKpbiBaeTca hc oahhm oT/jejibHMM tckctom, ho b komiuic-

kchom B3aHMOfleiicTBHH mhothxtckctob» (HepnaBCKaa 2007: 9).

Bo-btopmx, b xone anajiH3a (|iyHKL[noHnpoBaHHa KaTeropHH TOJiepaHTHoc™ pCHCBOH KOMMyHHKaUHH B HayHHMX TCKCTaX Mbl HpHMCHaCM KaTCropHajIbHMH □04x04, KOTopbiń inupoKO anpo6npoBan hmchhob (JiyHKijHOHajibHOH cthjihcthkc h noTOMy hc TpcóycT cneijHajibHon paapaóoTKH. 3tot no/jxoji ripc^oc iaBJiaeT 3<|)(t)eKTHBHbie MCTo/ibi HccjieflOBaHHa fljia BbiaBjieHna h onHcaHna penepTyapa cpe^CTB peHCBoń penpeaeHTaijHH KaTeropHH TOJiepaHTHoc™. TaK, anajiH3 MaTepnana noKasaa, hto hochtcjihmh 3HaneHHH TOJiepaHTHocTn/HCTOJie- paHTHOc™ MoryT BbiCTynaTb a3MKOBbie eflHHHijbi pa3Hbix ypoBHeii: cjiobo- o6pa3OBaTenbHbie - eejiwiauiuuu, JitHcenayKa, aHmuucmopuuecKuu; jickch- HCCKHC -3HOMeHUmblU, GatHCHblU, JlOJKHblU, nOpOHHblU, npeCJIOBymblU (BKJHOHaa

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(«maopiĄbi», «6pednoe» ejiuHHue, «npecjio6ymoe uydo»).

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Stylistyka XX

H STO H03B0JIHT O&baCHHTb pa3HyiO CTCnCHb OKCUJIHKaUHH TOJiepaHTHOCTH pCHCBOH KOMMyHHKaU.HH.

B peaynbTare upHMCHCHHa btoto no^xoaa ycTaHOBneHO, hto xapaicrep pcncBoro B3aHMO,aeHCTBHfl B HayHHOH AHCKyCCHH BO MHOTOM OUpeflejiaCTCa HHflHBH- flyajIbHMMH OCOÓeHHOCTBMH M3bIKOBbIX JIHHHOCTCH HCCJieflOBaTCJieH H HX UejieyCTaHOBKaMH (CTpCMJICHHCM K KOMMyHHKaTHBHOMy COTpyHHHHCCTBy HJIH KOMMyHHKaTHBHOMy flOMHHHpoBaHHio), KOTopbie nonynaiOT KOHKpeTHOe BonjionjeHHe b CTpaTernax h TaKTHKax peneBoro noBejicHHa. KoMMyHHKaTHBHaa peneycTaHOBKa «KoonepaTHBHoe coTpygHHHecTBO» BbipaacaeTca nocpeacTBOM KoonepaTHBHbix CTpaTerHii h tbkthk. KoMMyHHKaTHBHaa peneycTaHOBKa «KOHKypeHijHS» peajiH3yeTca Hcpe3 KOH([)jiHKTHbie peueBbie CTparenni ht3kthkh.

CripaBC/uiuBO mhchhc T.H. Kojiokojimicbohotom, hto «no OTHOineHHK) k Kaamoil a3bIKOBOH J1HHH0CTH MOŻKHO TOBOpHTb O 4OMHHHpyK»HjeM THHe pCHCBOTO nOBCJJCHHa. B CHJiy HmjHBHayajIbHO-nCHXOJIOTHHeCKHX OCOÓCHHOCTCH, JIHHHOCTHbK yCTaHOBOK, ypoBua o6pa3OBaHna h pajja apyrnx (JjaicropoB BbmenaioTca cyObCKTbi, TaroiejoinHC

k rapMOHHHHOMy [ToaepaHTHOMy-H.C.] hjih HerapMOHHHHOMy [HcrojiepaHTHOMy— H.C.] pcHCBOMy noBCflCHUK). Oahh roBopamue ckjiohhm k bcacumk) flnajiora Ha napHTCTHbix Hanajiax, apyrue - k KOMMyHHKaTHBHOMy flOMHHHpoBaHHK) (jinaepcTBy) jiioGoh ueHoii» [KojioKOJibuesa 1999: 120], 3th ycTaHOBKH Mbi cnpoeiiHpoBajiH Ha ocHOBHbie thhbi pencBoro noBCflCHHa ynacTHHKOB HayHHbix aHCKyCCHH: KOHCTpyKTHBHblH, HOJieMHHCCKHH, HJICOJIOrMHCCKHH.

1. KOHCTpyKTHBHblH THH pCHCBOTO HOBCfleHHa OTJIHHaCT HaUCJICHHOCTb Ha HHTepecbi dpy2ozo, hto Bbipaacaerca b yBaaofrejibHOM oiHonieHHH k onnoHemy,

b CTpeMJieHHH noHaib h ocMbicjiHTb ero ho3hljhio, npn otom He ymcMJiaa npaso Ha eymeCTBOBaHHe COGcTBCUHOH HO3HIJHH. ynaCTHHKH ^HCKyCCHH, OpHeHTHpOBaHHbIC na 3tot thh peneBoro noBCACHua, Hcnojib3yK)T TaKTHKH, SKcnjiHLiHpyromHC 3aHHTepeCOBaHHOCTb B KOMMyHHKaTHBHOM COrpyHHHHCCTBC, HanpHMep:

• TaKTHKa pcKOMCU^aiiHH: Mae npedcma&iiHemcH, umo b npuBedeHHOM ompbiBKe npofijieAta cmujieu cmaeumcH unaae... Bo bchkom cnyuae, 6mjio 6bi nojiesno KpumunecKU ocaemumb noitnmue cmwifi HihiKa.. .[CopoKHH 1954: 72];

• sTHKCTHaa TaKTHKa CHHaceHHa KaTeropHHHOCTH BbiCKa3biBaHHH: Mne npe-

dctnaBJiHemcH, umo Ha KpummecKue apeyMeumbi B.17. 3uhhchko b adpec cyiqecm6yioiyeu meopuu epnd jiu mojkho damb yóeduntejibHbie omeentbi)

[JlaaapeB 2001: 40];

• TaKTHKa ycTynKH: 3decb B.B. JlaBbidoB dejiaembumchmu uiaz om mpadu- i{UOHHO2O nonuMaHUH MexaHU3Ma uitmepuopu jaijuu, homuc npedcmasjinetncH, umo jmozo nedocmamoHHO [raM ace: 44] h jjp.

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B xofle TaKoro oócy>KflCHna ^HCKyccHa npoTCKaei KaK rapMOHHHHMH anajior,

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KaK cmojib cmpamian KOHU,enulun Można iapodumbcn y uaioseKa, 3aHn«iuezocH

nozpanumibiMU (

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cmambfiN daem omeem Ha omom eonpoc [BaacenoB 1974: 75];

• TaKTHKa .ziH(|)c|)aMannn (oSeccjiaBJiHBaHna), BbipaacaeMaa iiciaTHBHO-oncHOHHon

jickchkoh b

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pazdatomue ceou coeembi [fyÓHH 137 - 138] h

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(6)

Stylistyka XX

noopyjKenHbie MapKcucmcKo-JieHuucKUM MupoaoapenueM u pyKoeoduMbie eejiuKou napmueu Jlenuna - Cmajiuua, cyMewm ycneiuuo ebtnojiHumb cmo- Hipue neped humu 3adauu [KypcaHOB 1950: 544];

• TaKTHKa arpeccHH, araKn Ha onnoneHra: Kok eepubiu cjiyea peaKipiomiou fjypjKyatuu, yjjiaud, kohchho, hucjwsom ne ynoMunaetn o paóomax co«emcKux yuenbix. OdnaKo cpedu MHoeoHucjiembuc yKasanuu Ha paóombi 6yp3Kya3Hbix yueubix yjjiaud ue 3a6bteaem cocjiambcn na mpydbi neemepameima Huuuóaóuiia u óbteiueeo óejioeeapdeuiyi KucmnKoecKoeo [TaTeBCKHH, IUaxnapoHOB 1949:188];

• TaKTHKa cosaaHHa oópaaa Bpara h TaKTHKa nojiapmaijMM «... cosepiuerno

oueeuÓHo, urno fl.K. CbtpKun u M.E. /lamKuna ebicmyniuiu neped coeemcKou oó^ecmeeHuocmbio e uetaeudnou pojiu nponaeauducmoe 3aeedoMo ouiudomiou u nopouuou meopuu ajwepuKaucKozo xumuku Ilayjiuma ... 3mo jiuhuh paócKoeo npecMbiKamenbcmea neped fiypMcyamou nayKou u Kyjibmypoii, iaMajmueauuH docmu.Hcenuu coeemcKou iiayKU, jiuhuh pa3OÓJiaueHHbix nauieu napmueu KOCMonojiumo6...» |tbm xe: 191] h ap.

IIpHCyTCTBHe B CO3H3HHH H3BIKOBOH JIHHHOCTH npaTMaH4eOJIOTHHeCKOH yCTaHOBKH OÓyCJIOBJIHBaeT npOMBJICHHC HfleOJlOTHHeCKOH HCTOJiepaHTHOCTH B TeKCTax, rfle HaxoflHT OTpa^KCHHe cooTBercTByjomHH thh pencBoro noBefleHHfl. CoBOKynHoeTb tckctob HayMHoii flHCKyccHH, peajiH3yiomnx 3iy ycraHOBKy, mcwkho othochtbk noiiHTHKO-naeojiorHHecKOMy flHCKypcy.

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