ISSN 1509-1619
ȿɥɟɧɚ Ƚɚɥɢɦɨɜɚ
ɋɟɜɟɪɧɵɣ (Ⱥɪɤɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ) ɮɟɞɟɪɚɥɶɧɵɣ ɭɧɢɜɟɪɫɢɬɟɬ ɢɦɟɧɢ Ɇ.ȼ. Ʌɨɦɨɧɨɫɨɜɚ
„ ɋɈɐȼȿɌɖə ɊɍȻɅȿɇɕɏ ɐȿɊɄȼȿɃ”: ɆɈɌɂȼ ȿȾɂɇɋɌȼȺ ɉɊɂɊɈȾɇɈȽɈ ɂ ɄɍɅɖɌɍɊɇɈȽɈ ȼ ɏɍȾɈɀȿɋɌȼȿɇɇɈɆ ɆɂɊȿ ɋȿȼȿɊɇɈȽɈ ɌȿɄɋɌȺ
ɊɍɋɋɄɈɃ ɅɂɌȿɊȺɌɍɊɕ
Key words: Northern text, supertext, theme
ɏɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɡɭɹ ɫɩɟɰɢɮɢɤɭ ɋɟɜɟɪɧɨɝɨ ɬɟɤɫɬɚ ɪɭɫɫɤɨɣ ɥɢɬɟɪɚɬɭɪɵ, ɟɝɨ ɨɬ- ɥɢɱɢɹ ɨɬ ɞɪɭɝɢɯ ɥɨɤɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɫɜɟɪɯɬɟɤɫɬɨɜ, ɧɚɡɨɜɟɦ ɧɚɢɛɨɥɟɟ ɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɟ ɟɝɨ ɩɪɢɡɧɚɤɢ. ɉɪɢɪɨɞɭ ɋɟɜɟɪɧɨɝɨ ɬɟɤɫɬɚ ɦɵ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɟɦ ɧɟ ɤɚɤ ɫɭɦɦɚɪɧɭɸ ɫɨɜɨɤɭɩɧɨɫɬɶ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɟɞɟɧɢɣ, ɩɨɫɜɹɳɟɧɧɵɯ Ɋɭɫɫɤɨɦɭ ɋɟɜɟɪɭ, ɚ ɤɚɤ ɯɭɞɨɠɟɫɬ- ɜɟɧɧɨɟ ɟɞɢɧɫɬɜɨ ɛɨɥɟɟ ɜɵɫɨɤɨɝɨ ɭɪɨɜɧɹ (ɫɜɟɪɯɬɟɤɫɬ), ɨɛɥɚɞɚɸɳɟɟ, ɩɪɢ ɜɫɟɣ ɫɥɨɠɧɨɫɬɢ ɫɜɨɟɣ ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɵ, ɰɟɥɨɫɬɧɨɫɬɶɸ. ɐɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ ɬɚɤɨɝɨ ɦɧɨɝɨɫɨɫɬɚɜ- ɧɨɝɨ ɹɜɥɟɧɢɹ, ɤɚɤ ɋɟɜɟɪɧɵɣ ɬɟɤɫɬ, ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɢɜɚɟɬɫɹ, ɩɪɟɠɞɟ ɜɫɟɝɨ, ɟɝɨ ɝɥɭɛɢɧ- ɧɵɦ ɩɨɞɬɟɤɫɬɨɜɵɦ ɫɦɵɫɥɨɦ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɣ ɜɵɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɜ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɟ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɹ.
ɋ ɧɚɲɟɣ ɬɨɱɤɢ ɡɪɟɧɢɹ, ɫɭɳɧɨɫɬɶ ɷɬɨɝɨ ɫɜɟɪɯɷɦɩɢɪɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɫɦɵɫɥɚ, ɤ ɪɚɫ- ɤɪɵɬɢɸ ɢ ɨɛɪɟɬɟɧɢɸ ɤɨɬɨɪɨɝɨ ɭɫɬɪɟɦɥɟɧ ɜɟɫɶ ɋɟɜɟɪɧɵɣ ɬɟɤɫɬ, – ɜ ɜɨɫɩɪɢ- ɹɬɢɢ Ɋɭɫɫɤɨɝɨ ɋɟɜɟɪɚ ɤɚɤ ɦɢɮɨɩɨɷɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɩɪɨɫɬɪɚɧɫɬɜɚ, ɬɚɹɳɟɝɨ ɜ ɫɟɛɟ ɜ „ɡɚɩɟɱɚɬɥɟɧɧɨɦ” ɜɢɞɟ ɡɚɝɚɞɤɭ ɪɭɫɫɤɨɝɨ ɠɢɡɧɢ, ɧɚɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɢɫɬɨɪɢɢ, ɤɭɥɶ- ɬɭɪɵ, ɞɭɯɨɜɧɨɫɬɢ, ɫɚɦɨɣ ɞɭɲɢ Ɋɭɫɢ, ɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɬɚɣɧɭ ɪɭɫɫɤɨɝɨ ɩɨɷɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɫɥɨɜɚ. ɗɬɨ ɫɦɵɫɥɨɜɨɟ ɹɞɪɨ ɋɟɜɟɪɧɨɝɨ ɬɟɤɫɬɚ, ɧɨ ɨɧɨ ɞɨɩɨɥɧɹɟɬɫɹ ɢ ɞɪɭɝɢɦɢ, ɜ ɬɨɦ ɱɢɫɥɟ ɢ ɦɢɮɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɦɢ ɫ ɢɧɨɣ ɫɟɦɚɧɬɢɤɨɣ, ɩɪɨɬɢɜɨɩɨɥɨɠɧɵɦɢ ɩɨ ɨɰɟɧɤɟ („ɤɪɚɣ ɫɜɟɬɚ”, ɦɟɫɬɨ ɝɢɛɟɥɢ, ɫɬɪɚɞɚɧɢɣ), ɤɨɧɤɪɟɬɧɨ-ɢɫɬɨɪɢɱɟɫɤɢɦɢ (ɦɟɫɬɨ ɫɫɵɥɤɢ), ɛɵɬɨɜɵɦɢ ɢ ɬ.ɞ. ɫɦɵɫɥɚɦɢ.
ɑɬɨ ɤɚɫɚɟɬɫɹ ɬɟɪɪɢɬɨɪɢɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɝɪɚɧɢɰ ɩɪɨɫɬɪɚɧɫɬɜɚ, ɤɨɬɨɪɨɟ ɨɩɢɫɵɜɚɟɬ ɋɟɜɟɪɧɵɣ ɬɟɤɫɬ, ɬɨ ɩɨɞ Ɋɭɫɫɤɢɦ ɋɟɜɟɪɨɦ ɦɵ ɬɪɚɞɢɰɢɨɧɧɨ ɩɨɧɢɦɚɟɦ ɩɪɟɠɞɟ ɜɫɟɝɨ ɬɟɪɪɢɬɨɪɢɸ Ⱥɪɯɚɧɝɟɥɶɫɤɨɣ ɢ ȼɨɥɨɝɨɞɫɤɨɣ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɟɣ, ɛɚɫɫɟɣɧɵ ɪɟɤ, ɬɟ- ɤɭɳɢɯ ɜ Ȼɟɥɨɟ ɦɨɪɟ. ɇɨ ɷɬɚ ɬɟɪɪɢɬɨɪɢɹ – ɰɟɧɬɪ ɛɨɥɟɟ ɨɛɲɢɪɧɨɝɨ ɩɪɨɫɬɪɚɧɫ- ɬɜɚ, ɜɤɥɸɱɚɸɳɟɝɨ ɜ ɫɟɛɹ ɢ ɪɭɫɫɤɢɟ ɪɚɣɨɧɵ Ʉɚɪɟɥɢɢ ɢ Ʉɨɦɢ, ɢ ɫɟɜɟɪɧɵɟ ɪɚɣɨ- ɧɵ ɇɨɜɝɨɪɨɞɫɤɨɣ, Ʉɢɪɨɜɫɤɨɣ ɢ ɉɟɪɦɫɤɨɣ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɟɣ, ɢ Ʉɨɥɶɫɤɢɣ ɩɨɥɭɨɫɬɪɨɜ.
ɇɚ ɭɪɨɜɧɟ ɩɨɷɬɢɤɢ ɰɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ ɋɟɜɟɪɧɨɝɨ ɬɟɤɫɬɚ ɪɭɫɫɤɨɣ ɥɢɬɟɪɚɬɭɪɵ ɩɪɨ- ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɜ ɨɛɢɥɢɢ ɫɤɜɨɡɧɵɯ ɦɨɬɢɜɨɜ ɢ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜ, ɜ ɬɨɦ ɱɢɫɥɟ ɚɪɯɟɬɢɩɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ, ɜ ɟɞɢɧɫɬɜɟ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɚ ɩɪɨɫɬɪɚɧɫɬɜɟɧɧɨ-ɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɨɣ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɯɭɞɨɠɟɫɬɜɟɧ- ɧɨɝɨ ɦɢɪɚ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɟɞɟɧɢɣ, ɜ ɛɥɢɡɨɫɬɢ ɜɨɫɩɪɢɹɬɢɹ Ɋɭɫɫɤɨɝɨ ɋɟɜɟɪɚ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɵ- ɦɢ ɚɜɬɨɪɚɦɢ. Ɉɞɧɢɦ ɢɡ ɫɤɜɨɡɧɵɯ ɦɨɬɢɜɨɜ, ɢɝɪɚɸɳɢɦ ɜɚɠɧɭɸ ɪɨɥɶ ɜ ɨɛɪɚɡ- ɧɨ-ɫɦɵɫɥɨɜɨɦ ɧɚɩɨɥɧɟɧɢɢ ɯɭɞɨɠɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɣ ɤɚɪɬɢɧɵ ɦɢɪɚ ɋɟɜɟɪɧɨɝɨ ɬɟɤɫɬɚ, ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɦɨɬɢɜ ɝɚɪɦɨɧɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɟɞɢɧɫɬɜɚ ɩɪɢɪɨɞɧɨɝɨ ɭɧɢɜɟɪɫɭɦɚ ɢ ɬɜɨɪɟɧɢɣ ɱɟɥɨɜɟɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɪɭɤ, ɟɞɢɧɫɬɜɚ, ɜɨɫɩɪɢɧɢɦɚɟɦɨɝɨ, ɩɪɟɠɞɟ ɜɫɟɝɨ, ɧɚ ɷɫɬɟɬɢɱɟɫ- ɤɨɦ ɭɪɨɜɧɟ, ɧɨ ɢɦɟɸɳɟɝɨ ɢ ɝɥɭɛɢɧɧɨɟ ɦɢɪɨɭɫɬɪɨɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɟ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɟ.
ȿɞɢɧɫɬɜɨ ɩɪɢɪɨɞɧɨɝɨ ɢ ɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɧɨɝɨ ɜ ɠɢɡɧɢ ɩɨɦɨɪɨɜ ɨɬɦɟɬɢɥ ɟɳɺ Ɇɢ- ɯɚɢɥ ɉɪɢɲɜɢɧ ɜ ɤɧɢɝɟ ɩɭɬɟɜɵɯ ɨɱɟɪɤɨɜ Ɂɚ ɜɨɥɲɟɛɧɵɦ ɤɨɥɨɛɤɨɦ (1908):
ȼɵɫɨɤɢɣ ɛɟɪɟɝ ɫ ɛɨɥɶɧɵɦɢ ɫɟɜɟɪɧɵɦɢ ɫɨɫɧɚɦɢ. ɇɚ ɩɟɫɨɤ ɤ ɛɟɪɟɝɭ ɫ ɭɝɨɪɚ ɫɛɟɠɚɥɚ ɩɨɦɨɪɫɤɚɹ ɞɟɪɟɜɭɲɤɚ. ɉɨɜɵɲɟ – ɞɟɪɟɜɹɧɧɚɹ ɰɟɪɤɨɜɶ, ɢ ɩɟɪɟɞ ɢɡɛɚɦɢ ɦɧɨɝɨ ɜɵɫɨ- ɤɢɯ ɜɨɫɶɦɢɤɨɧɟɱɧɵɯ ɤɪɟɫɬɨɜ. ɇɚ ɨɞɧɨɦ ɤɪɟɫɬɟ ɹ ɡɚɦɟɱɚɸ ɛɨɥɶɲɭɸ ɛɟɥɭɸ ɩɬɢɰɭ.
ɉɨɜɵɲɟ ɷɬɨɝɨ ɞɨɦɚ, ɧɚ ɫɚɦɨɣ ɜɟɪɲɢɧɟ ɭɝɨɪɚ, ɞɟɜɭɲɤɢ ɜɨɞɹɬ ɯɨɪɨɜɨɞ, ɩɨɸɬ ɩɟɫɧɢ, ɫɜɟɪɤɚɸɬ ɡɨɥɨɬɢɫɬɵɦɢ, ɛɥɟɫɬɹɳɢɦɢ ɨɞɟɠɞɚɦɢ. ɋɨɜɫɟɦ ɤɚɤ ɧɚ ɤɚɪɬɢɧɤɚɯ, ɝɞɟ ɢɡɨɛ- ɪɚɠɚɸɬ ɹɪɤɢɦɢ ɤɪɚɫɤɚɦɢ ɞɪɟɜɧɸɸ Ɋɭɫɶ, ɤɚɤɨɸ ɧɢɤɬɨ ɧɢɤɨɝɞɚ ɧɟ ɜɢɞɟɥ ɢ ɧɟ ɜɟɪɢɬ, ɱɬɨ ɨɧɚ ɬɚɤɚɹ. Ʉɚɤ ɜ ɫɤɚɡɤɚɯ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɹ ɡɚɩɢɫɵɜɚɸ ɡɞɟɫɶ ɫɨ ɫɥɨɜ ɧɚɪɨɞɚ1.
ȼ ɷɬɨɦ ɮɪɚɝɦɟɧɬɟ, ɤɚɤ ɢ ɜɨ ɜɫɺɦ ɫɟɜɟɪɧɨɦ ɬɟɤɫɬɟ ɉɪɢɲɜɢɧɚ, ɜɨɩɥɨɳɚ- ɸɬɫɹ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɵɟ ɩɪɢɡɧɚɤɢ ɢ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɱɟɪɬɵ ɨɩɨɷɬɢɡɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɨɝɨ ɫɟɜɟɪɨɪɭɫɫɤɨɝɨ ɬɨɩɨɫɚ: ɟɞɢɧɫɬɜɨ ɩɪɢɪɨɞɧɨɝɨ ɢ ɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɧɨɝɨ, ɩɪɨɲɥɨɝɨ ɢ ɧɚ- ɫɬɨɹɳɟɝɨ, ɛɵɬɨɜɨɝɨ ɢ ɫɚɤɪɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ. ȼ ɩɪɢɲɜɢɧɫɤɨɦ ɩɟɣɡɚɠɟ ɩɪɢɪɨɞɧɨɟ ɢ ɪɭ- ɤɨɬɜɨɪɧɨɟ ɧɟɪɚɡɪɵɜɧɨ ɫɥɢɬɵ ɜ ɟɞɢɧɨɦ ɨɛɪɚɡɟ ɝɚɪɦɨɧɢɱɧɨɝɨ ɦɢɪɚ.
Ɉɞɧɢɦ ɢɡ ɝɥɚɜɧɵɯ ɫɬɚɧɨɜɢɬɫɹ ɷɬɨɬ ɦɨɬɢɜ ɜ ɬɜɨɪɱɟɫɬɜɟ Ȼɨɪɢɫɚ ɒɟɪ- ɝɢɧɚ, ɟɳɟ ɜ ɨɬɪɨɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɝɨɞɵ ɢɫɩɵɬɚɜɲɟɝɨ ɧɚ ɫɟɛɟ ɜɥɢɹɧɢɟ ɤɧɢɝ ɉɪɢɲɜɢɧɚ ɨ ɋɟɜɟɪɟ. ɗɫɬɟɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɟ ɫɨɜɟɪɲɟɧɫɬɜɨ ɧɚɪɨɞɧɨɣ ɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɵ ɛɵɥɨ ɛɟɫɫɩɨɪɧɨ ɞɥɹ ɒɟɪɝɢɧɚ. ȼ ɚɪɯɢɬɟɤɬɭɪɟ – ɢ ɞɟɪɟɜɹɧɧɨɣ, ɢ ɤɚɦɟɧɧɨɣ – ɨɧ ɛɨɥɶɲɟ ɜɫɟ- ɝɨ ɰɟɧɢɥ ɫɢɥɭɷɬ, ɩɪɨɩɨɪɰɢɢ, ɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɝɚɪɦɨɧɢɱɧɨɟ ɟɞɢɧɫɬɜɨ ɬɜɨɪɟɧɢɹ ɡɨɞɱɢɯ ɢ ɨɤɪɭɠɚɸɳɟɣ ɟɝɨ ɩɪɢɪɨɞɵ. ȼɨɬ ɬɚɤɢɦ ɨɧ ɭɜɢɞɟɥ ɢ ɡɚɩɨɦɧɢɥ ɫɨɛɨɪ ɇɢɤɨɥɨ- Ʉɨɪɟɥɶɫɤɨɝɨ ɦɨɧɚɫɬɵɪɹ:
Ƚɟɧɢɚɥɶɧɵɣ ɡɨɞɱɢɣ ɡɚɦɵɫɥɢɥ ɷɬɭ ɛɟɥɨɤɚɦɟɧɧɭɸ ɫɤɚɡɤɭ. ȼɟɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɣ ɫɨɛɨɪ- ɧɵɣ ɯɪɚɦ, ɤɚɤ ɥɟɛɟɞɶ ɤɪɵɥɶɹ, ɩɪɨɫɬɢɪɚɟɬ ɧɚ ɫɟɜɟɪ, ɧɚ ɸɝ ɢ ɡɚɩɚɞ ɬɨɪɠɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɟ ɜɯɨɞɵ ɢ ɜɵɯɨɞɵ. ɋ ɤɚɤɨɣ ɛɵ ɫɬɨɪɨɧɵ ɧɢ ɩɨɞɯɨɞɢɥɢ ɤ ɦɨɧɚɫɬɵɪɸ, ɫ ɦɨɪɹ ɢɥɢ ɩɪɨ- ɬɨɤɚɦɢ, ɦɟɠ ɨɫɬɪɨɜɚɦɢ, ɜɫɟɝɞɚ ɤɚɡɚɥɨɫɶ, ɱɬɨ ɛɟɥɚɹ ɥɟɛɟɞɶ, ɜɵɲɟɞɲɢ ɢɡ ɜɨɥɧ ɦɨɪ- ɫɤɢɯ, ɨɬɪɹɫɚɟɬ ɫɜɨɢ ɤɪɵɥɶɹ ɧɚ ɜɫɟ ɫɬɪɚɧɵ ɫɜɟɬɚ. ɉɪɢ ɷɬɨɦ ɤɪɭɠɢɬɫɹ, ɨɩɢɪɚɹɫɶ ɧɚ ɚɪɤɚɞɵ ɩɨɞɤɪɵɥɢɣ2.
Ⱥ ɜ 1948 ɝɨɞɭ, ɜɫɩɨɦɢɧɚɹ Ⱥɪɯɚɧɝɟɥɶɫɤɢɣ ɋɟɜɟɪ, ɒɟɪɝɢɧ ɫɥɨɜɧɨ ɜɨɨɱɢɸ ɜɢɞɟɥ
1 Ɇ.Ɇ. ɉɪɢɲɜɢɧ, Ɂɚ ɜɨɥɲɟɛɧɵɦ ɤɨɥɨɛɤɨɦ, ɜ: idem, ɋɨɛɪaɧɢɟ cɨɱɢɧɟɧɢɣ, ɜ 8 ɬɬ., ɬ. 1, Ɇocɤɜa, ɏɭɞɨɠ. ɥɢɬ. 1972, c. 197.
2 Ȼ.ȼ. ɒɟɪɝɢɧ, ɉɪɚɜɟɞɧɨɟ ɫɨɥɧɰɟ. Ⱦɧɟɜɧɢɤɢ ɪɚɡɧɵɯ ɥɟɬ, ɋɚɧɤɬ-ɉɟɬɟɪɛɭɪɝ, Ȼɢɛɥɢɨɩɨɥɢɫ 2009, c. 585.
ɬɚɦ, ɧɚ ɦɢɥɨɣ ɪɨɞɢɧɟ ɦɨɟɣ, ɲɚɬɪɵ ɞɪɟɜɧɢɯ ɞɟɪɟɜɹɧɧɵɯ ɰɟɪɤɜɟɣ, ɫɬɨɥɶ ɫɯɨɠɢɟ ɫ ɨɤɪɭɠɚɸɳɢɦɢ ɢɯ ɟɥɹɦɢ... ɂ ɷɬɢ ɞɪɟɦɭɱɢɟ ɟɥɢ ɢ ɫɨɫɧɵ, ɢ ɞɟɪɟɜɹɧɧɨɟ ɡɨɞɱɟɫɬɜɨ – ɨɧɢ ɜɵɪɨɫɥɢ ɧɚ ɪɨɞɧɨɣ ɩɨɱɜɟ3.
ȼ ɪɚɫɫɤɚɡɟ ɒɟɪɝɢɧɚ Ⱦɥɹ ɭɜɟɫɟɥɟɧɢɹ ɝɨɜɨɪɢɬɫɹ ɨ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɢɢ ɤɪɚɫɨɬɵ ɱɟɥɨɜɟɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɬɜɨɪɟɧɢɹ – ɪɟɡɧɨɣ ɷɩɢɬɚɮɢɢ, ɤɨɬɨɪɭɸ, ɩɨɝɢɛɚɹ ɧɚ ɛɟɡɥɸɞɧɨɦ ɨɫɬɪɨɜɤɟ, ɫɨɡɞɚɥɢ ɛɪɚɬɶɹ-ɩɨɦɨɪɵ:
ɇɟ ɤɪɢɤ, ɧɟ ɩɪɨɤɥɹɬɶɟ ɫɭɞɶɛɟ ɨɫɬɚɜɢɥɢ ɩɨ ɫɟɛɟ ɛɪɚɬɶɹ Ʌɢɱɭɬɢɧɵ. Ɉɧɢ ɜɫɩɨɦɧɢɥɢ ɥɸɛɟɡɧɨɟ ɫɟɪɞɰɭ ɯɭɞɨɠɟɫɬɜɨ. ɉɪɨɫɬɚɹ ɫɬɨɥɟɲɧɢɰɚ ɩɪɟɜɪɚɬɢɥɚɫɶ ɜ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɟɞɟɧɢɟ ɢɫɤɭɫɫɬɜɚ. ȼɦɟɫɬɨ ɫɨɫɧɨɜɨɣ ɞɨɫɤɢ ɜɢɞɢɦ ɪɟɡɧɨɟ ɧɚɞɝɪɨɛɢɟ ɜɵɫɨɤɨɝɨ ɫɬɢɥɹ4, – ɛɨɠɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɣ ɤɪɚɫɨɬɟ ɫɟɜɟɪɧɵɯ ɦɨɪɫɤɢɯ ɩɪɨɫɬɨɪɨɜ. ȼɨɫɩɪɢɹɬɢɟ ɝɚɪɦɨɧɢɱ- ɧɨɝɨ ɟɞɢɧɫɬɜɚ ɷɬɨɣ ɤɚɪɬɢɧɵ ɫɬɚɧɨɜɢɬɫɹ ɞɥɹ ɝɟɪɨɟɜ ɒɟɪɝɢɧɚ ɢ ɟɝɨ ɱɢɬɚɬɟɥɟɣ ɫɜɢɞɟɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɨɦ ɩɨɛɟɞɵ ɬɜɨɪɱɟɫɬɜɚ, ɜɵɫɨɬɵ ɢ ɤɪɚɫɨɬɵ ɱɟɥɨɜɟɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɞɭɯɚ ɧɚɞ ɡɚɛɜɟɧɢɟɦ ɢ ɫɦɟɪɬɶɸ:
Ɂɚɜɟɬɧɵɣ ɨɫɬɪɨɜɨɤ ɩɟɪɟɞ ɧɚɦɢ, ɤɚɤ ɫɨ ɞɧɚ ɦɨɪɹ ɜɫɩɥɵɥ. Ʉɚɦɧɢ ɜɨɤɪɭɝ ɧɟɜɵɫɨɤɨ- ɝɨ ɜɡɥɨɛɶɹ. ɇɚ ɤɚɠɞɨɦ ɤɚɦɧɟ ɛɨɥɶɲɚɹ ɛɟɥɚɹ ɩɬɢɰɚ. […] ȼɫɟ ɤɚɤ ɡɚɤɨɥɞɨɜɚɧɨ. ȼɫɟ ɛɭɞɬɨ ɜ ɫɤɚɡɤɟ. Ɍɨ ɥɢ ɧɟ ɫɤɚɡɤɚ: ɩɨɥɭɧɨɱɧɨɟ ɫɨɥɧɰɟ ɛɭɞɬɨ ɱɢɬɚɟɬ ɬɭ ɞɨɫɤɭ ɥɢɱɭ- ɬɢɧɫɤɭɸ ɢ ɧɚɱɢɬɚɬɶɫɹ ɧɟ ɦɨɠɟɬ.
Ɇɵ ɲɚɩɤɢ ɫɧɹɥɢ, ɧɚɝɥɹɞɟɬɶɫɹ ɧɟ ɦɨɠɟɦ. ɉɟɪɟɞ ɧɚɦɢ ɯɭɞɨɠɟɫɬɜɨ, ɞɟɥɨ ɪɭɤ ɱɟɥɨɜɟ- ɱɟɫɤɢɯ. Ⱥ ɤɚɤ ɩɪɢɫɬɚɥɨ ɨɧɨ ɡɞɟɫɶ ɤ ɛɟɡɛɪɟɠɧɨɫɬɢ ɦɨɪɹ, ɤ ɷɬɢɦ ɩɬɢɰɚɦ, ɫɢɞɹɳɢɦ ɧɚ ɨɬɦɟɥɢ, ɤ ɧɟɠɧɨɣ, ɫɜɟɬɥɨɣ ɬɭɫɤɥɨɫɬɢ ɧɟɛɚ!5
Ɇɨɬɢɜ ɟɞɢɧɫɬɜɚ ɩɪɢɪɨɞɧɨɝɨ/ɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɧɨɝɨ ɩɨɥɭɱɚɟɬ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɟ ɜ ɬɜɨɪɱɟɫɬɜɟ ɦɧɨɝɢɯ ɩɪɨɡɚɢɤɨɜ, ɩɢɫɚɜɲɢɯ ɨ Ɋɭɫɫɤɨɦ ɋɟɜɟɪɟ. Ɍɚɤ, ɞɥɹ ȿɜɝɟɧɢɹ Ƚɚɝɚɪɢɧɚ (ɭɪɨɠɟɧɰɚ Ⱥɪɯɚɧɝɟɥɶɫɤɨɣ ɝɭɛɟɪɧɢɢ, ɷɦɢɝɪɢɪɨɜɚɜɲɟɝɨ ɜ 1930-ɟ ɝɨɞɵ ɜ Ƚɟɪ- ɦɚɧɢɸ), ɝɚɪɦɨɧɢɹ ɦɢɪɚ ɩɪɢɪɨɞɧɨɝɨ ɢ ɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɧɨɝɨ – ɜɨɩɥɨɳɟɧɢɟ ɬɨɣ ɫɢɦɮɨ- ɧɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɝɚɪɦɨɧɢɢ, ɤɨɬɨɪɚɹ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɡɭɟɬ ɞɥɹ ɧɟɝɨ ɠɢɡɧɶ ɩɪɟɠɧɟɣ, ɞɨɪɟɜɨ- ɥɸɰɢɨɧɧɨɣ Ɋɨɫɫɢɢ. Ƚɟɪɨɢɧɹ ɟɝɨ ɪɚɫɫɤɚɡɚ Ȼɟɥɵɟ ɧɨɱɢ, ɞɜɨɪɹɧɤɚ, ɫɨɫɥɚɧɧɚɹ ɜ ɦɚɥɟɧɶɤɢɣ ɫɟɜɟɪɧɵɣ ɝɨɪɨɞɨɤ (ɜ ɨɛɥɢɤɟ ɤɨɬɨɪɨɝɨ ɭɝɚɞɵɜɚɸɬɫɹ ɏɨɥɦɨɝɨɪɵ), ɢɸɧɶɫɤɢɦɢ ɛɟɥɵɦɢ ɧɨɱɚɦɢ ɥɸɛɭɟɬɫɹ ɧɚ ɨɤɪɭɠɚɸɳɢɣ ɟɟ ɦɢɪ, ɜ ɤɨɬɨɪɨɦ, ɟɫɥɢ ɫɦɨɬɪɟɬɶ ɬɚɤ, ɫɨ ɫɬɨɪɨɧɵ, ɢɡɞɚɥɢ, ɤɚɠɟɬɫɹ, ɜɫɟ ɟɳɟ ɫɨɯɪɚɧɢɥɚɫɶ ɷɬɚ ɝɚɪɦɨɧɢɹ:
ɋɨɥɧɰɟ ɫɬɨɹɥɨ ɟɳɟ ɜɵɫɨɤɨ, ɧɟɫɦɨɬɪɹ ɧɚ 10 ɱɚɫɨɜ ɜɟɱɟɪɚ, ɞɪɨɠɚɳɚɹ ɮɢɨɥɟɬɨɜɚɹ ɫɮɟɪɚ ɨɬɞɟɥɹɥɚ ɟɝɨ ɨɬ ɡɟɦɥɢ. ɉɪɹɦɵɟ ɢ ɲɢɪɨɤɢɟ ɥɭɱɢ ɥɨɠɢɥɢɫɶ, ɪɚɫɫɟɤɚɹ ɟɟ, ɫɜɟɪ- ɯɭ ɧɚ ɝɨɪɨɞ, ɧɚ ɦɚɫɫɢɜɧɵɟ ɛɟɥɵɟ ɝɪɨɦɚɞɵ ɛɵɥɨɝɨ ɦɨɧɚɫɬɵɪɹ ɢ ɫɨɛɨɪɚ, ɧɚ ɦɢɪɧɨ ɛɥɟɫɬɹɳɢɟ ɤɭɩɨɥɚ, ɫɥɨɜɧɨ ɨɫɟɧɹɹ ɢɯ, ɤɚɤ ɛɥɚɝɨɫɥɨɜɥɹɸɳɚɹ ɞɟɫɧɢɰɚ ɫɨɥɧɰɚ, ɡɚ- ɧɟɫɟɧɧɚɹ ɧɚɞ ɫɬɨɝɧɚɦɢ ɦɢɪɧɨɝɨ ɝɪɚɞɚ, ɭɫɬɚɜɲɟɝɨ ɨɬ ɞɧɹ. […] ɇɚ ɞɪɭɝɨɦ ɛɟɪɟɝɭ, ɜ ɫɬɪɚɲɧɨɣ ɞɚɥɢ, ɫɦɭɬɧɨ ɫɢɧɟɥ ɥɟɫ ɧɚ ɝɨɪɟ, ɧɚɞ ɧɢɦ ɧɟɨɛɵɱɚɣɧɨ ɹɪɤɨ ɩɵɥɚɥɨ ɧɟɛɨ, ɤɚɤ ɛɭɞɬɨ ɨɧɨ ɫɨɫɬɨɹɥɨ ɢɡ ɫɜɟɬɥɨɝɨ ɩɥɚɦɟɧɢ. ɑɭɬɶ ɞɚɥɶɲɟ ɧɚɥɟɜɨ ɛɵɥɚ ɜɢɞ- ɧɚ ɞɟɪɟɜɧɹ: ɱɟɪɧɵɟ ɝɨɪɛɵ ɤɪɵɲ, ɪɨɡɨɜɚɹ ɢɝɪɚ ɫɨɥɧɰɚ ɜ ɫɬɟɤɥɚɯ ɞɨɦɨɜ ɢ ɧɚɞ ɜɫɟɦ
3 Ibidem, c. 478.
4 Ȼ.ȼ. ɒɟɪɝɢɧ, Ⱦɥɹ ɭɜɟɫɟɥɟɧɶɹ, ɜ: idem, Ɂɚɩɟɱɚɬɥɟɧɧɚɹ ɫɥɚɜɚ, Ɇocɤɜa, ɋɨɜ. ɩɢɫɚɬɟɥɶ 1967, c. 123–124.
5 Ibidem, c. 124.
ɷɬɢɦ ɫɬɪɨɣɧɵɣ ɲɚɬɟɪ ɨɞɢɧɨɤɨɣ ɰɟɪɤɜɢ ɫ ɬɨɧɤɢɦ ɤɪɟɫɬɨɦ ɧɚ ɤɭɩɨɥɟ. […] ɗɬɨ ɛɵɥɚ ɩɪɟɠɧɹɹ Ɋɨɫɫɢɹ, ɠɢɜɨɟ ɜɢɞɟɧɢɟ ɏVII ɜɟɤɚ, ɢ ɨɧɚ ɧɟɜɨɥɶɧɨ ɠɞɚɥɚ, ɱɬɨ ɜɨɬ ɪɚɡɞɚɫɬ- ɫɹ ɬɹɠɟɥɵɣ ɭɞɚɪ ɜ ɤɨɥɨɤɨɥɚ, ɩɥɚɜɧɵɣ ɢ ɝɭɫɬɨɣ ɡɜɭɤ ɩɨɩɥɵɜɟɬ, ɤɚɱɚɹɫɶ, ɧɚɞ ɪɟɤɨɸ ɢ ɱɟɪɧɵɟ ɮɢɝɭɪɵ ɦɨɧɚɯɢɧɶ ɩɨɬɹɧɭɬɫɹ ɦɟɞɥɟɧɧɨɣ ɱɟɪɟɞɨɣ ɢɡ ɥɟɫɧɵɯ ɫɤɢɬɨɜ ɧɚ ɦɨ- ɥɢɬɜɭ ɜ ɰɟɪɤɨɜɶ…6
ɇɨ ɷɬɚ ɤɚɪɬɢɧɚ ɢɥɥɸɡɨɪɧɚ, ɢɛɨ ɦɨɧɚɫɬɵɪɶ ɡɚɤɪɵɬ ɢ ɪɚɡɝɪɚɛɥɟɧ, ɰɟɪɤɜɢ ɜ ɞɟɪɟɜɧɹɯ ɪɚɡɪɭɲɚɸɬɫɹ, ɤɪɟɫɬɶɹɧɟ ɛɟɞɫɬɜɭɸɬ ɢ ɝɨɥɨɞɚɸɬ. ɂ ɞɥɹ ɝɟɪɨɢɧɢ ɨɱɟɜɢɞɧɚ ɩɪɨɬɢɜɨɟɫɬɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɫɬɶ ɧɨɜɨɝɨ ɩɨɪɹɞɤɚ, ɫɬɪɟɦɥɟɧɢɣ ɧɨɜɨɣ ɜɥɚɫɬɢ:
ɇɨ ɬɨɬɱɚɫ ɨɧɚ ɜɫɩɨɦɢɧɚɥɚ ɨ ɠɢɡɧɢ, ɲɟɞɲɟɣ ɧɚ ɡɟɦɥɟ, ɨ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ, ɨɤɪɭ- ɠɚɜɲɟɣ ɟɟ ɞɧɟɦ, ɨ ɩɨɲɥɨɣ ɢ ɠɟɫɬɨɤɨɣ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɧɨɜɵɯ ɥɸɞɟɣ, ɭɩɨɪɧɨ ɫɬɪɨɢɜɲɢɯ ɤɚɤɭɸ-ɬɨ ɫɤɭɱɧɭɸ, ɧɟɟɫɬɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɭɸ, ɤɧɢɠɧɭɸ ɠɢɡɧɶ, ɜ ɬɚɤɨɦ ɩɪɨɬɢɜɨ- ɪɟɱɢɢ ɫ ɷɬɨɣ ɦɢɪɧɨɣ ɤɪɚɫɨɬɨɣ ɩɪɢɪɨɞɵ, ɢ ɫɟɪɞɰɟ ɟɟ ɜɧɨɜɶ ɡɚɲɥɨɫɶ ɜ ɬɨɫɤɟ7. Ɉɛɪɚɡɧɚɹ ɩɪɢɪɨɞɚ ɩɨɷɡɢɢ ɨɬɤɪɵɜɚɟɬ ɟɳɺ ɛɨɥɶɲɢɟ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɫɬɢ ɞɥɹ ɜɨɩɥɨɳɟɧɢɹ ɦɢɮɨɩɨɷɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɢɣ ɨɛ ɨɫɨɛɨɦ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɟ ɫɟɜɟɪɨ- ɪɭɫɫɤɨɝɨ ɩɪɨɫɬɪɚɧɫɬɜɚ. ȼ ɩɨɷɡɢɢ ɦɨɬɢɜ ɫɥɢɹɧɢɹ ɞɜɭɯ ɧɚɱɚɥ – ɩɪɢɪɨɞɧɨɝɨ ɢ ɪɭɤɨɬɜɨɪɧɨɝɨ – ɱɚɫɬɨ ɪɟɚɥɢɡɭɟɬɫɹ ɫ ɩɨɦɨɳɶɸ ɦɟɬɚɮɨɪ, ɨɛɴɟɞɢɧɹɸɳɢɯ ɷɬɢ ɧɚɱɚɥɚ ɜ ɨɞɧɨɦ ɰɟɥɶɧɨɦ ɨɛɪɚɡɟ.
ɉɨɷɬ ɇɢɤɨɥɚɣ Ɍɪɹɩɤɢɧ, ɭɪɨɠɟɧɟɰ Ɍɜɟɪɫɤɨɣ ɡɟɦɥɢ, ɷɜɚɤɭɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɵɣ ɜ ɝɨɞɵ ȼɟɥɢɤɨɣ Ɉɬɟɱɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɣ ɜɨɣɧɵ ɧɚ Ⱥɪɯɚɧɝɟɥɶɫɤɢɣ ɋɟɜɟɪ, ɜɨɫɩɟɥ ɷɬɨɬ ɤɪɚɣ ɫ ɩɨɢɫɬɢɧɟ ɫɵɧɨɜɧɟɣ ɥɸɛɨɜɶɸ. ɉɪɨɫɬɪɚɧɫɬɜɨ ɜ „ɫɟɜɟɪɧɵɯ” ɫɬɢɯɨɬɜɨɪɟ- ɧɢɹɯ Ɍɪɹɩɤɢɧɚ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɧɟ ɮɨɧɨɦ, ɧɚ ɤɨɬɨɪɨɦ ɩɪɨɢɫɯɨɞɢɬ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɟ, ɚ ɝɥɚɜ- ɧɵɦ ɩɪɟɞɦɟɬɨɦ ɢɡɨɛɪɚɠɟɧɢɹ, ɩɪɢɱɺɦ ɜɚɠɧɟɣɲɟɟ ɨɛɪɚɡɧɨ-ɫɦɵɫɥɨɜɨɟ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɟ ɩɪɢɨɛɪɟɬɚɟɬ ɫɩɨɫɨɛ ɟɝɨ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɢ – ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɵɣ ɜ ɪɚɡɧɵɯ ɫɬɢɯɨɬɜɨɪɟɧɢɹɯ.
ȼ ɫɟɜɟɪɧɨɦ ɬɟɤɫɬɟ ɩɨɷɬɚ ɨɬɱɺɬɥɢɜɨ ɜɵɞɟɥɹɸɬɫɹ ɞɜɟ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɵɟ ɩɪɨɫɬɪɚɧɫɬɜɟɧ- ɧɵɟ ɦɨɞɟɥɢ.
ɂɧɨɝɞɚ ɷɬɨ ɤɨɧɰɟɧɬɪɢɱɟɫɤɢ-ɪɚɫɲɢɪɹɸɳɚɹɫɹ ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɚ ɫ ɰɟɧɬɪɨɦ, ɤɨɬɨ- ɪɵɣ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɦɟɫɬɨɩɨɥɨɠɟɧɢɟɦ ɥɢɪɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɝɟɪɨɹ. ɗɬɨɬ ɰɟɧɬɪ ɩɨɞɱɺɪɤ- ɧɭɬɨ ɫɚɤɪɚɥɢɡɨɜɚɧ (ɫɤɢɬ, ɝɨɪɧɢɰɚ, ɞɨɦ, ɚ ɜ ɞɨɦɟ – „ɩɟɱɤɚ – ɱɬɨ ɚɥɬɚɪɶ”, „ɫɤɚ- ɡɨɱɧɵɟ ɪɭɫɫɤɢɟ ɩɨɥɚɬɢ”8). ȿɝɨ ɩɪɢɡɧɚɤɢ – „ɥɸɞɫɤɨɟ ɬɟɩɥɨ”, ɠɢɜɨɣ ɨɝɨɧɶ, ɬɢɲɢɧɚ ɢɥɢ ɧɟɝɪɨɦɤɢɟ, ɭɛɚɸɤɢɜɚɸɳɢɟ ɡɜɭɤɢ: („Ⱥ ɜ ɫɤɢɬɭ ɦɨɺɦ ɝɥɭɲɶ, ɚ ɜ ɫɤɢɬɭ ɦɨɺɦ ɬɢɲɶ. / Ⱥ ɜ ɫɤɢɬɭ ɦɨɺɦ ɝɥɭɲɶ, ɬɢɲɶ”9), ɧɟɢɡɦɟɧɧɨɫɬɶ, ɧɟ- ɩɨɞɜɟɪɠɟɧɧɨɫɬɶ ɪɚɡɪɭɲɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɦɭ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɸ ɜɪɟɦɟɧɢ, ɫɤɚɡɨɱɧɨɫɬɶ, ɨɞɭɲɟɜ- ɥɺɧɧɨɫɬɶ ɢ ɨɞɭɯɨɬɜɨɪɺɧɧɨɫɬɶ. ɗɬɨɬ ɠɢɜɨɣ, ɩɭɥɶɫɢɪɭɸɳɢɣ ɫɚɤɪɚɥɶɧɵɣ ɰɟɧɬɪ – ɫɟɪɞɰɟ ɪɚɫɯɨɞɹɳɟɝɨɫɹ ɨɬ ɧɟɝɨ ɤɪɭɝɚɦɢ ɨɝɪɨɦɧɨɝɨ ɩɪɨɫɬɪɚɧɫɬɜɚ. ɍ Ɍɪɹɩ- ɤɢɧɚ ɧɟɬ ɫɬɢɯɨɬɜɨɪɟɧɢɣ, ɯɭɞɨɠɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɣ ɦɢɪ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɯ ɨɝɪɚɧɢɱɢɜɚɥɫɹ ɛɵ ɩɪɟɞɟɥɚɦɢ ɞɨɦɚ. ɉɨ ɪɹɞɭ ɩɪɢɡɧɚɤɨɜ ɜɧɟɲɧɟɟ ɩɪɨɫɬɪɚɧɫɬɜɨ ɧɟɢɡɛɟɠɧɨ ɩɪɨɬɢ- ɜɨɩɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɰɟɧɬɪɭ (ɩɪɟɠɞɟ ɜɫɟɝɨ, ɤɨɧɟɱɧɨ, ɫɜɨɢɦɢ ɦɚɫɲɬɚɛɚɦɢ ɢ ɨɬɤɪɵ- ɬɨɫɬɶɸ; ɤɪɨɦɟ ɬɨɝɨ, ɨɧɨ ɱɚɫɬɨ ɡɚɫɧɟɠɟɧɧɨɟ, ɢɧɨɣ ɪɚɡ ɡɞɟɫɶ ɰɚɪɢɬ „ɡɚɩɪɟɞɟɥɶ-
6 ȿ.A. Ƚɚɝɚɪɢɧ, Ȼɟɥɵɟ ɧɨɱɢ, ɋɟɜɟɪ. 1992, ʋ 3, c. 109.
7 Ibidem.
8 ɇ.ɂ. Ɍɪɹɩɤɢɧ, Ʉɨɪɹɠɟɦɚ, ɜ: idem, ɋɤɪɢɩ ɦɨɟɣ ɤɨɥɵɛɟɥɢ, Ɇocɤɜa, ɋɨɜ. ɩɢɫɚɬɟɥɶ 1978, c. 16.
9 Idem, Ⱥ ɧɚ ɭɥɢɰɟ ɫɧɟɝ…, ɜ: idem, ɋɤɪɢɩ ɦɨɟɣ ɤɨɥɵɛɟɥɢ, c. 158.
ɧɚɹ ɫɬɭɠɚ”). ɉɨɪɨɝ, ɫɬɟɧɚ, ɨɤɧɨ – ɧɟɩɪɨɱɧɵɟ ɝɪɚɧɢɰɵ ɷɬɢɯ ɞɜɭɯ ɩɪɨɫɬɪɚɧɫɬɜ, ɨɞɧɚɤɨ ɩɪɨɱɧɵɟ ɥɢɪɢɱɟɫɤɨɦɭ ɝɟɪɨɸ ɢ ɧɟ ɧɭɠɧɵ, ɩɨɬɨɦɭ ɱɬɨ, ɩɪɢ ɜɫɟɯ ɫɜɨɢɯ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɢɹɯ, ɜɧɭɬɪɟɧɧɟɟ ɢ ɜɧɟɲɧɟɟ ɩɪɨɫɬɪɚɧɫɬɜɨ ɨɛɥɚɞɚɸɬ ɨɛɳɢɦɢ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɚ- ɦɢ, ɝɥɚɜɧɵɟ ɢɡ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɯ – ɧɟɪɚɡɪɵɜɧɨɫɬɶ ɝɥɭɛɢɧɧɨɣ ɫɜɹɡɢ ɫ ɱɟɥɨɜɟɤɨɦ, ɨɞɭ- ɲɟɜɥɺɧɧɨɫɬɶ, ɦɢɮɨɥɨɝɢɡɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɨɫɬɶ ɢ ɧɚɫɵɳɟɧɧɨɫɬɶ ɜɪɟɦɟɧɟɦ.
Ʌɢɪɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɝɟɪɨɣ ɧɟɢɡɦɟɧɧɨ ɨɳɭɳɚɟɬ ɢ ɢɧɬɟɧɫɢɜɧɨ ɩɟɪɟɠɢɜɚɟɬ ɛɟɫɩɪɟ- ɞɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ ɦɢɪɚ, ɧɚɱɢɧɚɸɳɟɝɨɫɹ ɨɬ ɩɨɪɨɝɚ ɟɝɨ ɞɨɦɚ. ɒɚɝ ɡɚ ɩɨɪɨɝ – ɧɚɱɚɥɨ ɩɭɬɢ ɜɨ ɜɫɟ ɤɨɧɰɵ ɫɜɟɬɚ, ɤɭɞɚ ɜɥɟɱɺɬ ɩɪɨɤɚɬɢɜɲɢɣɫɹ ɜ ɫɟɪɞɰɟ „ɜɨɥɲɟɛɧɵɣ ɤɥɭɛɨɤ ɫ ɧɚɝɨɜɨɪɧɨɣ ɫɬɪɨɤɨɣ”, ɩɭɬɢ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɣ ɭɫɬɪɟɦɥɺɧ ɜ ɛɟɫɤɨɧɟɱɧɨɫɬɶ ɢ ɜɟɱɧɨɫɬɶ. ɉɪɨɫɬɪɚɧɫɬɜɨ ɜ ɯɭɞɨɠɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɦ ɦɢɪɟ „ɫɟɜɟɪɧɵɯ” ɫɬɢɯɨɬɜɨɪɟɧɢɣ Ɍɪɹɩɤɢɧɚ ɧɟ ɱɥɟɧɢɬɫɹ ɧɚ „ɫɜɨɺ” ɢ „ɱɭɠɨɟ”, ɩɪɢ ɫɜɨɟɣ ɛɟɡɝɪɚɧɢɱɧɨɫɬɢ ɨɧɨ ɜɫɺ ɩɟɪɟɠɢɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɤɚɤ „ɫɜɨɺ”, ɢɛɨ ɷɬɨ ɩɪɨɫɬɪɚɧɫɬɜɨ ɪɨɞɢɧɵ. Ɉɧɨ ɜɥɟɱɺɬ ɢ ɦɚɧɢɬ, ɬɚɤ ɬɚɢɬ ɜ ɫɟɛɟ ɫɥɨɜɨ, ɱɭɞɨ, ɫɤɚɡɤɭ, ɩɚɦɹɬɶ ɢ ɠɢɜɭɸ ɠɢɡɧɶ.
ɋ ɧɚɢɛɨɥɶɲɟɣ ɩɨɥɧɨɬɨɣ ɦɢɮɨɩɨɷɬɢɱɟɫɤɚɹ ɤɚɪɬɢɧɚ ɋɟɜɟɪɧɨɣ Ɋɭɫɢ ɫɨ- ɡɞɚɺɬɫɹ ɜ ɬɟɯ ɫɬɢɯɨɬɜɨɪɟɧɢɹɯ ɩɨɷɬɚ, ɜ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɯ ɜɨɡɧɢɤɚɟɬ ɢɧɚɹ ɦɨɞɟɥɶ ɩɪɨ- ɫɬɪɚɧɫɬɜɚ: ɥɢɪɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɝɟɪɨɣ ɧɚɯɨɞɢɬɫɹ ɜ ɩɭɬɢ, ɩɪɢɱɺɦ ɦɨɬɢɜ ɩɭɬɢ ɫɨɟɞɢɧɹɟɬ ɝɟɨɝɪɚɮɢɱɟɫɤɨɟ ɩɪɨɫɬɪɚɧɫɬɜɨ ɢ ɩɪɨɫɬɪɚɧɫɬɜɨ ɞɭɲɢ ɥɢɪɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɝɟɪɨɹ. Ɇɢ- ɮɨɩɨɷɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪ ɩɭɬɢ ɪɟɚɥɢɡɭɟɬɫɹ ɫ ɩɨɦɨɳɶɸ ɦɨɬɢɜɨɜ ɫɧɚ, ɜɨɫɩɨ- ɦɢɧɚɧɢɹ ɢɥɢ ɦɟɱɬɵ, ɱɚɫɬɨ ɷɬɨ ɩɭɬɟɲɟɫɬɜɢɟ ɫɤɜɨɡɶ ɝɨɞɵ ɢ ɪɚɫɫɬɨɹɧɢɹ, ɩɭɬɶ- ɜɨɡɜɪɚɳɟɧɢɟ, ɫɨɜɟɪɲɚɸɳɟɟɫɹ ɜ ɜɨɨɛɪɚɠɟɧɢɢ ɥɢɪɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɝɟɪɨɹ. ɉɪɨɲɥɨɟ ɥɢɪɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɝɟɪɨɹ (ɛɢɨɝɪɚɮɢɱɟɫɤɨɟ ɜɪɟɦɹ) ɧɚɤɥɚɞɵɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɧɚ ɢɫɬɨɪɢɱɟɫɤɨɟ ɩɪɨɲɥɨɟ Ɋɨɞɢɧɵ; ɩɨɷɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɟ ɜɪɟɦɹ ɩɪɨɲɥɨɝɨ – ɷɬɨ ɜɪɟɦɹ ɜɨɫɩɨɦɢɧɚɧɢɣ (ɢ ɫɜɹɡɚɧɧɨɝɨ ɫ ɧɢɦɢ ɫɧɚ), ɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɜɪɟɦɹ ɦɟɬɚɢɫɬɨɪɢɱɟɫɤɨɟ ɢ ɫɤɚɡɨɱɧɨɟ – ɦɢɮɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɟ. Ʌɢɪɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɝɟɪɨɣ ɨɛɪɟɬɚɟɬ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɧɨɫɬɶ ɧɚɯɨɞɢɬɶɫɹ ɨɞɧɨ- ɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɨ ɜ ɪɚɡɧɵɯ ɬɨɱɤɚɯ ɩɪɨɫɬɪɚɧɫɬɜɚ ɢɥɢ ɨɛɨɡɪɟɜɚɬɶ ɟɝɨ ɫ ɡɚɨɛɥɚɱɧɨɣ ɜɵ- ɫɨɬɵ. Ɉɬɤɪɵɜɚɸɳɚɹɫɹ ɟɦɭ ɤɚɪɬɢɧɚ ɧɚɩɨɦɢɧɚɟɬ ɩɟɣɡɚɠ Ɋɭɫɫɤɨɣ Ɂɟɦɥɢ ɜ ɋɥɨɜɟ ɨ ɩɨɥɤɭ ɂɝɨɪɟɜɟ, ɜɨɫɩɪɢɧɹɬɵɣ „ɤɚɤ ɛɵ ɫ ɨɝɪɨɦɧɨɣ ɜɵɫɨɬɵ… ɩɪɟɞɟɥɵ ɩɟɣɡɚɠɚ ɪɚɡɞɜɢɧɭɬɵ ɢ ɩɨɡɜɨɥɹɸɬ ɜɢɞɟɬɶ ɧɟ ɭɱɚɫɬɨɤ ɩɪɢɪɨɞɵ, ɚ ɫɬɪɚɧɭ, ɨɛɥɚɫɬɶ”10:
Ⱦɧɺɦ ɢ ɧɨɱɶɸ, ɫɧɨɜɚ ɞɧɺɦ ɢ ɧɨɱɶɸ ɉɨɞɫɬɭɩɚɸɬ ɤ ɫɟɪɞɰɭ ɬɟ ɫɥɨɜɚ…
Ⱦɚ ɩɨ ɜɫɟɣ Ⱦɜɢɧɟ, ɩɨ Ɂɚɜɨɥɨɱɶɸ Ɋɚɫɤɢɞɚɥɢɫɶ ɩɟɫɟɧ ɨɫɬɪɨɜɚ.
[…]
ɂ ɜɨɡɶɦɭ ɹ ɩɨɫɨɯ ɫɜɨɣ ɞɨɪɨɠɧɵɣ, ɂ ɩɨɣɞɭ ɜɟɫɧɨɸ ɜ ɬɟ ɤɨɧɰɵ.
ɂ ɩɭɫɤɚɣ ɫ ɤɪɚɫɨɸ ɧɟɩɪɟɥɨɠɧɨɣ ɉɨɞɫɬɭɩɚɸɬ ɤ ɫɟɪɞɰɭ ɝɨɪɨɞɰɵ.
ɂɡɨɩɶɸ ɜɨɞɵ ɭ ɬɟɯ ɨɤɨɧɧɢɰ, ɑɬɨɛɵ ɜ ɝɨɪɥɟ ɛɭɥɶɤɚɥ ɫɨɥɨɜɟɣ…
ɋɧɢɬɫɹ ɍɫɬɸɝ, ɥɚɫɤɨɜɵɣ Ɉɥɨɧɟɰ ɂ ɫɨɰɜɟɬɶɹ ɪɭɛɥɟɧɵɯ ɰɟɪɤɜɟɣ…11
10 Ⱦ.ɋ. Ʌɢɯɚɱɺɜ, ȼɟɥɢɤɨɟ ɧɚɫɥɟɞɢɟ, Ɇocɤɜa 1980, c. 197.
11 ɇ.ɂ. Ɍɪɹɩɤɢɧ, Ⱦɧɺɦ ɢ ɧɨɱɶɸ, ɫɧɨɜɚ ɞɧɺɦ ɢ ɧɨɱɶɸ, ɜ: idem, ɋɤɪɢɩ ɦɨɟɣ ɤɨɥɵɛɟɥɢ, c. 223.
ɋɚɤɪɚɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ ɫɟɜɟɪɨɪɭɫɫɤɨɝɨ ɩɪɨɫɬɪɚɧɫɬɜɚ ɨɛɭɫɥɨɜɥɟɧɚ ɞɥɹ ɩɨɷɬɚ ɩɪɟ- ɠɞɟ ɜɫɟɝɨ ɬɟɦ, ɱɬɨ ɡɞɟɫɶ ɬɚɢɬɫɹ ɝɥɚɜɧɚɹ ɫɨɤɪɨɜɟɧɧɚɹ ɰɟɧɧɨɫɬɶ – ɋɥɨɜɨ, ɪɚɫ- ɬɜɨɪɺɧɧɨɟ ɜ ɩɪɢɪɨɞɟ, ɤɨɬɨɪɚɹ ɟɞɢɧɨɫɭɳɧɚ ɫ ɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɨɣ. ɗɬɨ ɟɞɢɧɫɬɜɨ ɦɢ- ɮɨɩɨɷɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɦɢɪɚ ɩɟɪɟɞɚɸɬ ɜɵɪɚɡɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɟ ɦɟɬɚɮɨɪɵ („ɩɟɫɟɧ ɨɫɬɪɨɜɚ”,
„ɜɫɟɦɢɪɧɵɣ ɥɢɫɬɨɩɚɞ”, „ɫɨɰɜɟɬɶɹ ɪɭɛɥɟɧɵɯ ɰɟɪɤɜɟɣ”), ɚ ɟɝɨ ɫɚɤɪɚɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ – ɫɥɨɜɚ ɫ ɫɟɦɚɧɬɢɤɨɣ ɫɜɹɬɨɫɬɢ („ɫɤɪɢɠɚɥɢ”, „ɫɜɹɬɹɬɫɹ”). ɉɪɨɫɬɪɚɧɫɬɜɨ Ɋɭɫ- ɫɤɨɝɨ ɋɟɜɟɪɚ ɝɚɪɦɨɧɢɡɢɪɨɜɚɧɨ, ɤɨɫɦɢɡɢɪɨɜɚɧɨ, ɜɫɟ ɟɝɨ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɸɳɢɟ – ɢ ɩɪɢɪɨɞɧɵɟ, ɢ ɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɧɵɟ – ɨɛɥɚɞɚɸɬ ɷɫɬɟɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɰɟɧɧɨɫɬɶɸ ɢ ɩɨɷɬɨɦɭ ɞɨɫɬɭɩɧɵ ɨɬɪɚɠɟɧɢɸ ɜ ɫɥɨɜɟ.
Ɇɨɬɢɜ ɟɞɢɧɫɬɜɚ ɩɪɢɪɨɞɧɨɝɨ ɢ ɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɧɨɝɨ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɫɤɜɨɡɧɵɦ ɢ ɜ ɩɨɷɡɢɢ ɇɢɤɨɥɚɹ Ɋɭɛɰɨɜɚ. ɍ ɧɟɝɨ ɦɨɠɧɨ ɧɚɣɬɢ ɩɪɹɦɨɟ ɞɟɤɥɚɪɚɬɢɜɧɨɟ ɭɬɜɟɪɠɞɟɧɢɟ ɪɚɜɧɨɣ ɛɥɢɡɨɫɬɢ ɱɟɥɨɜɟɤɭ ɩɪɢɪɨɞɧɨɝɨ ɢ ɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɧɨɝɨ ɤɨɫɦɨɫɚ:
Ʉɚɤ ɱɚɫɬɨ, ɱɚɫɬɨ, ɫɥɨɜɧɨ ɩɬɢɰɚ, Ⱦɭɲɚ ɬɨɫɤɭɟɬ ɩɨ ɥɟɫɚɦ!
ɇɨ ɢ ɧɟ ɦɨɠɟɬ ɫ ɬɟɦ ɧɟ ɫɥɢɬɶɫɹ, ɑɬɨ ɱɟɥɨɜɟɤ ɜɨɡɞɜɢɝɧɭɥ ɫɚɦ!
[ȼ ɝɨɪɨɞɟ]12
ɇɨ ɱɚɳɟ ɷɬɚ ɦɵɫɥɶ ɜɨɩɥɨɳɚɟɬɫɹ ɜ ɨɛɪɚɡɧɨɣ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɟ ɟɝɨ ɥɢɪɢɤɢ. ȼ ɰɟɥɶ- ɧɨɦ ɨɛɪɚɡɟ ɪɨɞɢɧɵ, Ɋɭɫɫɤɨɝɨ ɋɟɜɟɪɚ, ɜɨɡɧɢɤɚɸɳɟɦ ɜ ɩɨɷɡɢɢ Ɋɭɛɰɨɜɚ, ɧɟɪɚɡ- ɪɵɜɧɵ ɡɟɦɥɹ, ɜɨɞɚ, ɧɟɛɨ, ɯɪɚɦ, ɦɨɧɚɫɬɵɪɶ, ɢɡɛɚ:
ȼ ɝɥɚɡɚ ɛɪɟɜɟɧɱɚɬɵɦ ɥɚɱɭɝɚɦ Ƚɥɹɞɢɬ ɚɥɟɸɳɚɹ ɦɝɥɚ, ɇɚɞ ɤɨɥɨɤɨɥɶɱɢɤɨɜɵɦ ɥɭɝɨɦ ɋɨɛɨɪ ɡɜɨɧɢɬ ɜ ɤɨɥɨɤɨɥɚ!
[Ʌɟɜɢɬɚɧ. ɉɨ ɦɨɬɢɜɚɦ ɤɚɪɬɢɧɵ „ȼɟɱɟɪɧɢɣ ɡɜɨɧ”]13 ɂ ɨɞɧɚɠɞɵ ɜɨɡɧɢɤɥɨ ɢɡ ɝɪɟɡɵ,
ɂɡ ɦɨɥɹɳɟɣɫɹ ɷɬɨɣ ɞɭɲɢ, Ʉɚɤ ɬɪɚɜɚ, ɤɚɤ ɜɨɞɚ, ɤɚɤ ɛɟɪɟɡɵ, Ⱦɢɜɨ ɞɢɜɧɨɟ ɜ ɪɭɫɫɤɨɣ ɝɥɭɲɢ!
[Ɏɟɪɚɩɨɧɬɨɜɨ]14 Ɉ, ɜɢɞ ɫɦɢɪɟɧɧɵɣ ɢ ɪɨɞɧɨɣ!
Ȼɟɪɟɡɵ, ɢɡɛɵ ɩɨ ɛɭɝɪɚɦ ɂ, ɨɬɪɚɠɟɧɧɵɣ ɝɥɭɛɢɧɨɣ, Ʉɚɤ ɫɨɧ ɫɬɨɥɟɬɢɣ, Ȼɨɠɢɣ ɯɪɚɦ.
[Ⱦɭɲɚ ɯɪɚɧɢɬ]15 ɉɪɢɜɟɬ, Ɋɨɫɫɢɹ, – ɪɨɞɢɧɚ ɦɨɹ!
ɋɢɥɶɧɟɟ ɛɭɪɶ, ɫɢɥɶɧɟɟ ɜɫɹɤɨɣ ɜɨɥɢ Ʌɸɛɨɜɶ ɤ ɫɜɨɢɦ ɨɜɢɧɚɦ ɭ ɠɧɢɜɶɹ, Ʌɸɛɨɜɶ ɤ ɬɟɛɟ, ɢɡɛɚ ɜ ɥɚɡɭɪɧɨɦ ɩɨɥɟ.
12 ɇ.Ɇ. Ɋɭɛɰɨɜ, ɋɬɢɯɨɬɜɨɪɟɧɢɹ, Ⱥɪɯɚɧɝɟɥɶɫɤ, ɋɟɜ.-Ɂɚɩ. ɤɧ. ɢɡɞ-ɜɨ 1985, c. 156.
13 Ibidem, c. 136.
14 Ibidem, c. 117.
15 Ibidem, c. 58.
Ɂɚ ɜɫɟ ɯɨɪɨɦɵ ɹ ɧɟ ɨɬɞɚɸ
ɋɜɨɣ ɧɢɡɤɢɣ ɞɨɦ ɫ ɤɪɚɩɢɜɨɣ ɩɨɞ ɨɤɨɧɰɟɦ…
Ʉɚɤ ɦɢɪɨɬɜɨɪɧɨ ɜ ɝɨɪɧɢɰɭ ɦɨɸ ɉɨ ɜɟɱɟɪɚɦ ɡɚɤɚɬɵɜɚɥɨɫɶ ɫɨɥɧɰɟ!
[ɉɪɢɜɟɬ, Ɋɨɫɫɢɹ…]16
Ɉɫɨɛɨɟ ɩɪɢɫɬɪɚɫɬɢɟ ɢɫɩɵɬɵɜɚɥ ɩɨɷɬ ɤ ɜɟɬɲɚɸɳɢɦ, ɞɪɟɜɧɢɦ ɫɬɪɨɟɧɢɹɦ („ɫɝɧɢɜɲɟɣ ɥɟɫɧɨɣ ɢɡɛɭɲɤɟ”, ɥɨɞɤɟ, ɱɬɨ „ɧɚ ɪɟɱɧɨɣ ɞɨɝɧɢɜɚɟɬ ɦɟɥɢ”, ɯɭɬɨɪ- ɤɭ „ɫ ɩɨɡɟɥɟɧɟɜɲɟɣ ɤɪɵɲɟɣ”), ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ, ɪɚɡɪɭɲɚɹɫɶ, ɩɨɫɬɟɩɟɧɧɨ ɜɨɡɜɪɚɳɚ- ɸɬɫɹ ɜ ɬɨ ɩɪɢɪɨɞɧɨɟ ɥɨɧɨ, ɢɡ ɤɨɬɨɪɨɝɨ ɤɨɝɞɚ-ɬɨ ɩɪɨɢɡɪɨɫɥɢ ɞɟɪɟɜɶɹɦɢ ɢɥɢ ɛɵɥɢ ɜɡɹɬɵ ɜ ɜɢɞɟ ɤɚɦɧɹ, ɝɥɢɧɵ. Ɉɧɢ ɜɧɨɜɶ ɫɬɚɧɨɜɹɬɫɹ ɡɟɦɥɺɣ, ɩɨɱɜɨɣ, ɱɬɨ- ɛɵ ɨɩɹɬɶ ɢ ɨɩɹɬɶ ɞɚɜɚɬɶ ɱɟɥɨɜɟɤɭ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥ ɞɥɹ ɫɨɡɢɞɚɧɢɹ ɧɨɜɵɯ ɬɜɨɪɟɧɢɣ.
Ɇɨɬɢɜ ɫɥɢɹɧɢɹ ɩɪɢɨɛɪɟɬɚɟɬ ɜ ɷɬɢɯ ɫɥɭɱɚɹɯ ɛɭɤɜɚɥɶɧɵɣ ɫɦɵɫɥ, ɟɞɢɧɫɬɜɨ ɩɪɢ- ɪɨɞɧɨɝɨ ɢ ɫɨɡɞɚɧɧɨɝɨ ɱɟɥɨɜɟɤɨɦ ɫɬɚɧɨɜɢɬɫɹ ɚɛɫɨɥɸɬɧɵɦ:
Ɉɝɨɧɶ ɜ ɩɟɱɢ ɧɟ ɫɩɢɬ, ɩɟɪɟɤɥɢɤɚɹɫɶ ɋ ɝɥɭɯɢɦ ɞɨɠɞɟɦ, ɫɬɪɭɹɳɢɦɫɹ ɩɨ ɤɪɵɲɟ…
Ⱥ ɜɨɡɥɟ ɜɟɬɯɨɣ ɫɤɚɡɨɱɧɨɣ ɱɚɫɨɜɧɢ ɋɬɨɢɬ ɛɟɪɟɡɚ ɫɬɚɪɚɹ, ɤɚɤ Ɋɭɫɶ…
[Ɉɫɟɧɧɢɟ ɷɬɸɞɵ]17
ɉɪɢ ɫɨɡɞɚɧɢɢ ɨɛɪɚɡɚ ɬɪɚɞɢɰɢɨɧɧɨɝɨ ɫɟɜɟɪɨɪɭɫɫɤɨɝɨ ɦɢɪɚ ɫ ɟɝɨ ɫɥɨ- ɠɢɜɲɢɦɫɹ ɜɟɤɚɦɢ ɩɪɢɪɨɞɨɫɨɨɛɪɚɡɧɵɦ ɭɤɥɚɞɨɦ ɦɨɬɢɜ ɟɞɢɧɫɬɜɚ ɩɪɢɪɨɞɧɨɝɨ ɢ ɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɧɨɝɨ, ɩɪɢɪɨɞɵ ɢ ɱɟɥɨɜɟɤɚ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɨɞɧɢɦ ɢɡ ɫɦɵɫɥɨɨɛɪɚɡɭɸɳɢɯ, ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɡɭɸɳɢɯ ɰɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ ɢ ɝɚɪɦɨɧɢɸ ɷɬɨɝɨ ɦɢɪɚ.
Ɋɚɡɪɭɲɟɧɢɟ ɷɬɨɝɨ ɬɪɚɞɢɰɢɨɧɧɨɝɨ ɭɤɥɚɞɚ ɚɤɬɭɚɥɢɡɢɪɭɟɬ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɟ ɦɨɬɢɜɚ ɩɪɨɬɢɜɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɹ ɩɪɢɪɨɞɵ ɢ ɰɢɜɢɥɢɡɚɰɢɢ, ɞɟɪɟɜɧɢ ɢ ɝɨɪɨɞɚ.
ȼ ɥɢɬɟɪɚɬɭɪɟ ɏIɏ ɜɟɤɚ, ɜ ɱɚɫɬɧɨɫɬɢ, ɜ ɩɨɷɡɢɢ Ʉɨɧɫɬɚɧɬɢɧɚ ɋɥɭɱɟɜɫɤɨɝɨ, Ɋɭɫɫɤɢɣ ɋɟɜɟɪ, ɉɨɞɜɢɧɶɟ ɨɫɬɚɸɬɫɹ ɜɨɩɥɨɳɟɧɢɟɦ ɩɪɨɫɬɨɝɨ, ɰɟɥɨɤɭɩɧɨɝɨ, ɟɫ- ɬɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɦɢɪɨɩɨɪɹɞɤɚ, ɤɪɚɟɦ „ɦɢɪɧɨɝɨ ɩɨɤɨɹ”, ɠɢɡɧɢ ɱɟɥɨɜɟɤɚ ɜ ɟɞɢɧɫ- ɬɜɟ ɫ ɨɤɪɭɠɚɸɳɟɣ ɟɝɨ ɩɪɢɪɨɞɨɣ, ɚ ɱɭɠɞɵɣ ɦɢɪ ɝɨɪɨɞɫɤɨɣ ɰɢɜɢɥɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɨɫ- ɬɚɺɬɫɹ ɡɚ ɟɝɨ ɝɪɚɧɢɰɚɦɢ, ɧɟ ɜɬɨɪɝɚɟɬɫɹ ɜ ɡɚɩɨɜɟɞɧɵɟ ɫɟɜɟɪɧɵɟ ɩɪɟɞɟɥɵ:
ȼ ɥɟɫɚɯ, ɡɚɦɤɧɭɜɲɢɯɫɹ ɜɟɥɢɤɢɦ, ɦɟɪɬɜɵɦ ɤɪɭɝɨɦ, ȼ ɛɨɥɶɲɨɣ ɩɪɨɝɚɥɢɧɟ, ɢ ɫɜɟɬɥɨɣ, ɢ ɠɢɜɨɣ, Ɋɚɫɱɢɳɟɧɧɨɣ ɞɚɜɧɨ ɢ ɬɨɩɨɪɨɦ, ɢ ɩɥɭɝɨɦ, ɋɬɨɸ ɡɚɞɭɦɱɢɜɵɣ ɧɚɞ ɬɢɯɨɸ ɪɟɤɨɣ.
[…]
Ƚɨɬɨɜɢɬɫɹ ɡɚɫɧɭɬɶ ɫɩɨɤɨɣɧɚɹ ɞɨɥɢɧɚ;
Ʉɨɣ-ɝɞɟ ɨɤɧɨ ɢɡɛɵ ɦɟɪɰɚɟɬ ɨɝɨɧɶɤɨɦ, ɂ ɰɟɪɤɨɜɶ ɞɪɟɜɧɹɹ, ɤɚɤ ɨɛɥɢɤ ɢɫɩɨɥɢɧɚ, ɋɥɨɹɳɢɣɫɹ ɬɭɦɚɧ ɩɪɨɧɡɢɥɚ ɲɢɲɚɤɨɦ.
[…]
Ʉɪɚɣ ɛɟɡ ɢɫɬɨɪɢɢ! Ʉɪɚɣ ɦɢɪɧɨɝɨ ɩɨɤɨɹ, ɀɢɜɭɳɢɣ ɜ ɜɟɹɧɶɢ ɪɨɞɢɦɨɣ ɫɬɚɪɢɧɵ,
16 Ibidem, c. 115.
17 Ibidem, c. 44.
ȼ ɨɛɵɱɧɨɣ ɹɫɧɨɫɬɢ ɫɟɦɟɣɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɫɬɪɨɹ, ȼ ɩɨɤɨɪɧɨɫɬɢ ɞɟɬɟɣ ɢ ɫɤɪɨɦɧɨɫɬɢ ɠɟɧɵ.
[…]
ɇɨ ɠɢɡɧɶ ɢɧɵɯ ɨɫɧɨɜ, ɭɩɨɪɧɨ ɧɚɫɬɭɩɚɹ, Ɋɚɡɞɜɢɧɭɜɲɢ ɥɟɫɚ, ɞɨɥɢɧɭ ɨɛɧɚɠɢɬ, – ɋɨɡɞɚɫɬ, ɤɚɤ ɢ ɜɟɡɞɟ, ɛɵɬɨɩɢɫɚɧɶɹ ɤɪɚɹ ɂ ɩɟɫɬɪɨɣ ɧɨɜɢɡɧɨɣ ɨɛɢɥɶɧɨ ɩɨɞɚɪɢɬ.
ɇɨ ɛɭɞɟɬ ɥɢ ɬɨɝɞɚ, ɤɚɤ ɢ ɬɟɩɟɪɶ, ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨ ɇɚɞ ɷɬɨɣ ɬɢɯɨɸ ɧɟɜɟɞɨɦɨɣ ɪɟɤɨɣ
ɉɪɢɲɟɥɶɰɭ ɨɬɞɨɯɧɭɬɶ ɬɚɤ ɫɥɚɞɤɨ, ɧɟɬɪɟɜɨɠɧɨ ɂ ɬɚɤ ɠɢɜɢɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɭɫɬɚɥɨɸ ɞɭɲɨɣ?
ɂ ɛɭɞɭɬ ɥɢ ɬɨɝɞɚ ɫɱɚɫɬɥɢɜɟɣ ɥɸɞɢ ɷɬɢ,
ɑɬɨ ɦɢɪɧɨ ɫɩɹɬ ɬɟɩɟɪɶ, ɯɨɬɶ ɠɢɡɧɶ ɢɦ ɧɟ ɥɟɝɤɚ?
ɇɨɱɶ! ɋɬɟɪɟɝɢ ɢɯ ɫɨɧ! ɉɨɤɨɣɬɟɫɶ, ɛɨɠɶɢ ɞɟɬɢ, ɋɬɪɭɢɫɶ, ɛɚɸɤɚɣ ɢɯ, ɫɱɚɫɬɥɢɜɚɹ ɪɟɤɚ!18
ɇɨ ɜ ɬɜɨɪɱɟɫɬɜɟ ɩɢɫɚɬɟɥɟɣ ɏɏ ɜɟɤɚ, ɨɫɨɛɟɧɧɨ ɜɬɨɪɨɣ ɟɝɨ ɩɨɥɨɜɢɧɵ, ɤɚɤ ɢ ɜ ɫɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɨɣ ɩɨɷɡɢɢ ɢ ɩɪɨɡɟ, ɜɫɺ ɱɚɳɟ ɡɜɭɱɢɬ ɦɨɬɢɜ ɧɚɫɢɥɢɹ ɱɟɥɨɜɟɤɚ ɧɚɞ ɩɪɢɪɨɞɨɣ, ɭɪɨɞɥɢɜɨɝɨ ɧɟɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɢɹ ɡɚɤɨɧɨɜ ɩɪɢɪɨɞɨɫɨɨɛɪɚɡɧɨɣ ɠɢɡɧɢ ɢ ɩɨɪɨɠɞɟɧɢɣ ɱɟɥɨɜɟɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɰɢɜɢɥɢɡɚɰɢɢ. ɋ ɬɪɚɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɦ ɧɚɤɚɥɨɦ ɩɟɪɟɠɢɬɨɟ ɟɳɺ ɜ ɧɚɱɚɥɟ ɏɏ ɫɬɨɥɟɬɢɹ ɇɢɤɨɥɚɟɦ Ʉɥɸɟɜɵɦ ɢ ɜɨɩɥɨɳɟɧɧɨɟ ɢɦ ɜ ɫɬɢɯɚɯ ɩɪɨɬɢɜɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɟ, ɪɚɡɧɨɫɭɳɧɨɫɬɶ ɭɪɛɚɧɢɡɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɨɝɨ ɱɟɥɨɜɟɤɚ ɢ ɩɪɢɪɨɞɵ, ɝɥɭɯɨɬɚ ɢ ɫɥɟɩɨɬɚ ɫɵɧɚ ɝɨɪɨɞɚ ɤ ɨɤɪɭɠɚɸɳɟɣ ɟɝɨ ɤɪɚɫɨɬɟ ɪɚɡɪɚɫɬɚɟɬɫɹ ɜ ɦɨ- ɬɢɜ ɨɫɤɜɟɪɧɟɧɢɹ ɱɟɥɨɜɟɤɨɦ Ȼɨɠɶɟɝɨ ɦɢɪɚ:
Ɉɛɨɡɜɚɥ ɬɢɲɢɧɭ ɝɥɭɯɨɦɚɧɶɸ, ɇɚɞɪɭɝɚɥɫɹ ɧɚɞ ɛɟɥɵɦ „ɦɨɥɱɢ”, ɍ ɤɪɟɫɬɚ ɩɪɨɫɬɨɞɭɲɧɨɸ ɞɥɚɧɶɸ ɇɟ ɩɨɫɬɚɜɢɥ ɫɥɚɞɢɦɨɣ ɫɜɟɱɢ.
ȼ ɯɜɨɣɧɵɣ ɥɚɞɚɧ ɞɨɯɧɭɥ ɩɚɩɢɪɨɫɨɣ ɂ ɩɥɟɜɤɨɦ ɧɟɡɚɛɭɞɤɭ ɨɛɠɟɝ.
Ɂɚɪɹɛɢɥɨ ɫɥɟɡɢɧɤɚɦɢ ɩɥɟɫɨ, ɋɟɞɢɧɨɸ ɡɚɢɧɞɟɜɟɥ ɦɨɯ.
[…]
Ɂɚɥɨɦɢɥɚ ɱɟɪɟɦɭɯɚ ɪɭɤɢ, Ʉ ɧɨɪɤɟ ɩɭɬɚɟɬ ɫɥɟɞ ɝɨɪɧɨɫɬɚɣ…
ɋɵɧ ɠɟɥɟɡɚ ɢ ɤɚɦɟɧɧɨɣ ɫɤɭɤɢ ɉɨɩɢɪɚɟɬ ɛɟɪɟɫɬɹɧɵɣ ɪɚɣ.
191519
ȼɨ ɜɬɨɪɨɣ ɩɨɥɨɜɢɧɟ ɏɏ ɜɟɤɚ ɜ ɩɨɷɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɤɚɪɬɢɧɟ ɫɟɜɟɪɨɪɭɫɫɤɨɝɨ ɦɢɪɚ ɡɚɦɟɬɧɨɟ ɦɟɫɬɨ ɧɚɱɢɧɚɟɬ ɡɚɧɢɦɚɬɶ ɦɨɬɢɜ ɝɭɛɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɞɨɫɬɢɠɟɧɢɣ ɧɚɭɱɧɨ- ɬɟɯɧɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɪɟɜɨɥɸɰɢɢ ɞɥɹ ɬɪɚɞɢɰɢɨɧɧɨɝɨ ɭɤɥɚɞɚ ɠɢɡɧɢ ɉɨɦɨɪɶɹ, ɧɟɧɟɰɤɨɣ
18 Ʉ.Ʉ. ɋɥɭɱɟɜɫɤɢɣ, Ɂɚ ɋɟɜɟɪɧɨɣ Ⱦɜɢɧɨɸ (ɇɚ ɪɟɤɟ Ɍɨɣɦɟ), ɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɧɧɵɣ ɪɟɫɭɪɫ, ɪɟɠɢɦ ɞɨɫɬɭ- ɩɚ: <http://lib.rus.ec/b/138304/read>, ɞɚɬɚ ɞɨɫɬɭɩɚ: 14.03.2012.
19 ɇ.Ⱥ. Ʉɥɸɟɜ, Ɉɛɨɡɜɚɥ ɬɢɲɢɧɭ ɝɥɭɯɨɦɚɧɶɸ…, ɜ: idem, ɋɬɢɯɨɬɜɨɪɟɧɢɹ ɢ ɩɨɷɦɵ, Ⱥɪɯɚɧɝɟɥɶɫɤ, ɋɟɜ.-Ɂɚɩ. ɤɧ. ɢɡɞ-ɜɨ 1986, c. 83.
ɬɭɧɞɪɵ, ɜɫɟɝɨ Ɋɭɫɫɤɨɝɨ ɋɟɜɟɪɚ. Ɍɚɤ, ɧɟɧɟɰɤɢɣ ɩɨɷɬ ɉɪɨɤɨɩɢɣ əɜɬɵɫɵɣ ɩɢɫɚɥ ɧɟ ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɨ ɤɪɚɫɨɬɟ ɪɨɞɧɨɣ ɬɭɧɞɪɵ, ɧɨ ɢ ɨ ɬɨɦ, ɤɚɤ ɯɪɭɩɤɚɹ ɩɪɢɪɨɞɚ Ɂɚɩɨ- ɥɹɪɶɹ ɫɬɚɧɨɜɢɬɫɹ ɢɡɭɜɟɱɟɧɧɨɣ ɠɟɪɬɜɨɣ ɝɭɫɟɧɢɰ ɜɟɡɞɟɯɨɞɨɜ, ɪɚɡɥɢɬɨɣ ɧɟɮɬɢ, ɢɫɤɨɪɟɠɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɦɟɬɚɥɥɚ:
Ɋɟɡɰɨɦ ɜ ɥɢɤ ɬɭɧɞɪɵ ɜɪɟɡɚɧɨ:
ɢɡɦɹɬɵɟ ɤɭɫɬɵ, ɫɨɥɹɪɧɨɟ, ɠɟɥɟɡɧɨɟ ɞɚ ɞɪɟɜɧɢɟ ɤɪɟɫɬɵ…20.
ȼ ɧɵɧɟɲɧɟɦ ɫɬɨɥɟɬɢɢ ɜɫɺ ɱɚɳɟ ɜ ɬɜɨɪɱɟɫɬɜɟ ɫɟɜɟɪɧɵɯ ɩɢɫɚɬɟɥɟɣ ɢ ɩɨɷ- ɬɨɜ ɧɚɱɢɧɚɟɬ ɡɜɭɱɚɬɶ ɦɨɬɢɜ ɡɚɩɭɫɬɟɧɢɹ, ɢɫɱɟɡɧɨɜɟɧɢɹ ɞɟɪɟɜɟɧɶ ɢ ɫɺɥ, ɡɚɪɚɫ- ɬɚɧɢɹ ɩɚɲɟɧ, ɪɚɡɪɭɲɟɧɢɹ ɫɨɡɞɚɧɧɵɯ ɪɭɤɚɦɢ ɧɟɫɤɨɥɶɤɢɯ ɩɨɤɨɥɟɧɢɣ ɥɸɞɟɣ ɨɛɠɢɬɵɯ ɪɨɞɨɜɵɯ ɝɧɺɡɞ. ɗɬɨ ɹɜɥɟɧɢɟ, ɤɚɡɚɥɨɫɶ ɛɵ, ɩɪɨɬɢɜɨɩɨɥɨɠɧɨ ɩɨ ɫɦɵɫ- ɥɭ ɨɛɨɡɧɚɱɟɧɧɨɦɭ ɜɵɲɟ ɦɨɬɢɜɭ ɬɟɯɧɨɤɪɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɧɚɫɢɥɢɹ ɧɚɞ ɩɚɬɪɢɚɪɯɚɥɶ- ɧɵɦ ɦɢɪɨɦ, ɧɨ ɜ ɬɨ ɠɟ ɜɪɟɦɹ ɩɨ ɫɜɨɟɦɭ ɞɪɚɦɚɬɢɡɦɭ, ɬɨɱɧɟɟ – ɧɟɢɡɛɵɜɧɨɦɭ ɬɪɚɝɢɡɦɭ, ɨɧɢ ɩɟɪɟɤɥɢɤɚɸɬɫɹ. ɂ ɬɨ, ɢ ɞɪɭɝɨɟ – ɧɚɪɭɲɟɧɢɟ ɬɨɣ ɝɚɪɦɨɧɢɢ ɠɢɡ- ɧɟɭɫɬɪɨɣɫɬɜɚ, ɬɨɝɨ ɟɞɢɧɫɬɜɚ ɩɪɢɪɨɞɧɨɝɨ ɢ ɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɧɨɝɨ, ɛɵɬɨɜɨɝɨ ɢ ɫɚɤɪɚɥɶ- ɧɨɝɨ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɸɬ ɨɞɧɭ ɢɡ ɫɚɦɵɯ ɰɟɧɧɵɯ ɤɨɧɫɬɚɧɬ ɯɭɞɨɠɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɣ ɤɚɪɬɢɧɵ ɦɢɪɚ, ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɧɨɣ ɜ ɋɟɜɟɪɧɨɦ ɬɟɤɫɬɟ ɪɭɫɫɤɨɣ ɥɢɬɟɪɚɬɭɪɵ.
Ɇɨɬɢɜ ɡɚɩɭɫɬɟɧɢɹ, ɡɚɛɜɟɧɢɹ ɧɚɯɨɞɢɬ ɜɨɩɥɨɳɟɧɢɟ ɜ ɬɜɨɪɱɟɫɬɜɟ ɦɧɨɝɢɯ ɫɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɵɯ ɚɜɬɨɪɨɜ, ɪɟɚɥɢɡɭɹɫɶ, ɤɚɤ ɜ ɪɨɦɚɧɟ Ɇɢɯɚɢɥɚ ɉɨɩɨɜɚ ɋɜɢɬɨɤ, ɜ ɦɟɬɚɮɨɪɢɱɟɫɤɨɦ ɨɛɪɚɡɟ ɬɪɚɜɵ ɡɚɛɜɟɧɢɹ, ɤɨɬɨɪɚɹ ɜɫɤɨɪɟ ɫɤɪɨɟɬ ɦɟɫɬɨ, ɝɞɟ ɜɟɤɚɦɢ ɧɚ ɛɟɪɟɝɭ ɛɵɫɬɪɨɣ ɪɟɤɢ Ɉɧɟɝɢ ɫɬɨɹɥɚ ɪɨɞɧɚɹ ɞɟɪɟɜɧɹ ɝɥɚɜɧɨɝɨ ɝɟɪɨɹ ɪɨɦɚɧɚ. „Ɇɨɥɨɞɵɦ ɫɨɫɧɹɤɨɦ ɡɚɪɨɫɥɚ ɬɚ ɥɟɫɧɚɹ ɞɨɪɨɝɚ”21, ɩɨ ɤɨɬɨɪɨɣ ɫɩɟɲɢɥ ɜ ɲɤɨɥɭ ɥɢɪɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɝɟɪɨɣ Ⱥɥɟɤɫɚɧɞɪɚ Ɋɨɫɤɨɜɚ, ɚ ɨɬ ɟɝɨ ɪɨɞɧɨɣ ɞɟɪɟɜɧɢ „ɨɫ- ɬɚɥɢɫɶ ɥɢɲɶ ɞɟɪɟɜɶɹ, / ɩɨɥɟ ɞɚ ɡɚɪɨɫɲɢɣ ɬɢɧɨɣ ɩɪɭɞ”22. ɉɨɷɬ ɨɬɤɥɢɤɚɟɬɫɹ ɞɭɲɨɣ ɧɚ ɬɚɢɧɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɣ ɡɨɜ ɪɨɞɢɧɵ „ɢɡ ɨɱɟɧɶ ɞɚɥɟɤɢɯ, ɢɡ ɞɢɤɢɯ, ɝɥɭɯɢɯ ɤɨ- ɪɚɛɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɥɟɫɨɜ”:
Ɍɚɦ ɜɟɬɟɪ ɩɨɥɭɧɨɱɧɵɣ ɪɵɳɟɬ ɩɨ ɩɨɥɸ. Ⱥ ɜ ɩɨɥɟ ɬɟɦɧɨ.
Ɍɚɦ ɛɵɥɢ ɥɸɞɫɤɢɟ ɠɢɥɢɳɚ ɩɨɞ ɤɚɠɞɨɸ ɟɥɤɨɣ. Ⱦɚɜɧɨ.
[…]
Ɍɟɩɟɪɶ ɬɚɦ ɨɤɪɭɝɚ ɩɭɫɬɚɹ, ɬɚɦ ɧɟɬ ɧɢ ɫɨɪɨɤ, ɧɢ ɜɨɪɨɧ.
ɂ ɧɚ ɩɨɥɟ ɥɟɫ ɧɚɫɬɭɩɚɟɬ, ɫɨ ɜɫɟɯ ɧɚɫɬɭɩɚɟɬ ɫɬɨɪɨɧ.
Ɍɚɦ ɫɧɟɝɚ ɧɚɥɢɩɥɢ ɤɨɦɨɱɤɢ ɧɚ ɫɬɟɛɥɢ ɡɚɫɨɯɲɟɣ ɬɪɚɜɵ.
ɂ ɜɨ ɩɨɥɟ ɧɟɬ ɧɢ ɫɥɟɞɨɱɤɚ, ɥɸɞɫɤɨɝɨ ɫɥɟɞɨɱɤɚ – ɭɜɵ!
20 ɉ.Ⱥ. əɜɬɵɫɵɣ, ɂɡɛɪɚɧɧɨɟ: ɋɬɢɯɢ, ɇɚɪɶɹɧ-Ɇɚɪ 2007, c. 37.
21 Ⱥ.Ⱥ. Ɋɨɫɤɨɜ, ɂɡ ɞɚɥɺɤɨɣ ɞɚɥɢ…, ɜ: idem, ɍɤɪɚɞɟɧɧɨɟ ɧɟɛɨ, Ⱥɪɯɚɧɝɟɥɶɫɤ 2010, c. 48.
22 Idem, Ɋɨɞɢɧɚ ɦɨɹ, ɦɨɹ ɞɟɪɟɜɧɹ!, ɜ: idem, ɍɤɪɚɞɟɧɧɨɟ ɧɟɛɨ, c. 45.
ɂ ɡɚ ɩɨɥɟɦ, ɜ ɫɭɦɪɚɱɧɨɣ ɱɚɳɟ ɝɭɝɭɤɚɟɬ ɮɢɥɢɧ ɡɥɨɞɟɣ ɞɚ ɜɟɬɟɪ ɫɤɥɢɤɚɟɬ ɩɪɨɩɚɳɢɯ, ɭɲɟɞɲɢɯ ɨɬɫɸɞɚ ɥɸɞɟɣ…23
Ɍɚɤɨɜɵ ɪɟɚɥɢɢ ɠɢɡɧɢ Ⱥɪɯɚɧɝɟɥɶɫɤɨɝɨ ɋɟɜɟɪɚ ɫɟɝɨɞɧɹ, ɬɚɤɨɜɵ ɩɪɨɰɟɫ- ɫɵ, ɩɪɨɢɫɯɨɞɹɳɢɟ ɡɞɟɫɶ. Ɉɞɧɚɤɨ ɩɚɦɹɬɥɢɜɨɫɬɶ, ɫɬɪɟɦɥɟɧɢɟ ɤ ɫɛɟɪɟɠɟɧɢɸ ɢ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɸ ɬɪɚɞɢɰɢɣ, ɫɜɨɣɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɟ ɫɟɜɟɪɹɧɚɦ, ɧɚɲɟɞɲɢɟ ɹɪɤɨɟ ɜɨɩɥɨɳɟɧɢɟ ɜ ɬɜɨɪɱɟɫɬɜɟ ɫɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɵɯ ɚɜɬɨɪɨɜ, ɩɨɡɜɨɥɹɸɬ ɧɚɞɟɹɬɶɫɹ ɧɚ ɬɨ, ɱɬɨ ɦɨɬɢɜ ɟɞɢɧɫɬɜɚ, ɝɚɪɦɨɧɢɢ ɫɨɝɥɚɫɧɨɣ ɠɢɡɧɢ ɩɪɢɪɨɞɵ ɢ ɥɸɞɟɣ, ɦɨɬɢɜ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɢɹ ɩɪɢɪɨɞɧɨɣ ɢ ɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɧɨɣ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɸɳɟɣ ɱɟɥɨɜɟɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɠɢɡɧɢ ɧɟ ɢɫɱɟɡɧɟɬ, ɧɟ ɭɬɪɚɬɢɬ ɫɜɨɟɝɨ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɹ ɢ ɜ ɬɜɨɪɱɟɫɬɜɟ ɛɭɞɭɳɢɯ ɩɨɤɨɥɟɧɢɣ ɩɢɫɚɬɟɥɟɣ – ɫɨ- ɡɞɚɬɟɥɟɣ ɋɟɜɟɪɧɨɝɨ ɬɟɤɫɬɚ ɪɭɫɫɤɨɣ ɥɢɬɟɪɚɬɭɪɵ.
Summary
“Flowers of Wooden Churches”: The Theme of the Unity of the Natural and Cultural in the Northern Text of Russian Literature
In the article one of the cross-cutting themes, playing a significant role in the figurative- semantic filling of artistic picture of the North text, is considered. The authoress, Elena Galimova, gives a general characteristics of the Northern text of Russian literature as a regional supertext, describes its distinctive features. The development of the theme of harmonic unity of the natural universe and creations of human hands, unity, perceived, first of all, on an aesthetic level, but with deep universal value, is considered on the material of the poetry and prose of the 19th–21st centuries.
23 Idem, ȼɟɱɧɵɣ ɡɨɜ, ɜ: idem, ɍɤɪɚɞɟɧɧɨɟ ɧɟɛɨ, c. 211í212.
