BRITISH CHEMICAL ABSTRACTS
A . - P U R E CHEMISTRY
AUGUST, 1932.
G en era l, P h y s ic a l, and In o r g a n ic C h em istry .
R e s o n a n c e s p e c t r u m of h y d r o g e n . (N ature, 1932, 129, S69).
T h e o r y of s o m e e l e c t r o n le v e ls i n H 2.
MacDo n a l d (Proc. R oy. Soc., 1932, A , 1 3 6 , 528—
537).—M ath em atical. T he electro n energies for 2- and 3 -q u a n tu m levels in H., are calc., using th e v ariatio n m e th o d , b a se d o n H 2+ a n d a t. H functions.
The sequence of levels is th e sam e as t h a t found
experim entally. L . L. B.
L o w e r l i m i t f o r t h e g r o u n d s t a t e of th e h e l i u m a to m . D . H . We i n s t e i n (P h y sical R ev ., 1932, [ii], 4 0 , 797— 799).—M ath e m atica l. T h e calc, a n d ex p erim en tal v als. are —6-2R a n d —5-8187?, re
spectively. N . M. B.
S e c o n d s p a r k s p e c t r u m o f s o d i u m , N a i l l , in th e e x t r e m e u l t r a - v i o l e t . J. So d e r q v l st (Z.
P h ysik, 1932, 7 6 , 316— 318). A. B . D. C.
P l a n e w a v e s o f l i g h t . I I I . A b s o r p t i o n b y m e ta ls . T . C. Fr y (J. O p t. Soc. A m er., 1932, 22, 307— 332).— T h eo retical. T h e ab so rp tio n of light by th in films of a lk a li m e ta ls d ep o site d on glass or
P t is in v e stig a te d . A. J . M.
V a r i a t i o n s i n w a v e - l e n g t h of c o p p e r lin e s i n a v e ry i n t e n s e a r c . J . Gi l l e s (C om pt. ren d ., 1932, 194, 2200— 2202).— A s te a d y Cu sp e c tru m in a very intense arc is o b ta in e d w ith b rass ano d e a n d g raphite cathode. D im in u tio n s of w av e-len g th occurred a t the c ath o d e a n d increases a t th e anode. C. A. S.
A r s e n ic s p e c t r u m . L . W i n a n d (B ull. A cad. roy.
Belg., 1932, [v], 18, 422— 136).—T he ex tin ctio n coeff. of A s v a p o u r h a s been m easu red a t various tem p, a n d ov er th e w av e-len g th ran g e 3000— 3900 A.
The em ission sp e c tru m of As v a p o u r shows a group of bands in th e region 2700—4200 A ., w hich are a ttrib u ta b le to A s2, w h ilst sev eral lines in th e region 2148—3047 A . a p p e a r to be d ue to As atom s. No As fluorescence sp e c tru m could b e o b ta in ed . J . W . S.
F in e s t r u c t u r e i n t h e a r c s p e c t r a of b r o m in e a n d io d in e . S. To l a n s k y (Proc. R o y . Soc., 1932, A, 136, 5S5— 604).— A n e x a m in a tio n h a s been m ade of 29 B r lines a n d 16 I lines. T he n u clear spin found for B r is 3/2, b o th th e isotopes (79, 81) having th e same spin. A sim ple m ass isotope displacem ent is observed, of th e sam e o rd er as t h a t calc. T he nuclear spin for I is 9/2. T h e fine s tru c tu re in te rv a l factors for 24 te rm s in B r a n d 17 in I a re calc. L. L. B .
S h ift o f t h e t r a n s m i s s i o n b a n d o f s i l v e r b y c o l d w o r k i n g . H . Ma r g e n a u (P hysical R ev ., 1932, [ii], 40, 800— SO I; cf. A ., 1929, 972).—The sh ift can be
explained on K ro n ig ’s th e o ry of m etallic dispersion d ue to change in la ttic e const. N . M. B.
M a g n e tic q u e n c h in g of io d in e f lu o r e s c e n c e a n d A -d o u b lin g in 3IT0 s t a t e s . J . H . V a n V l e c k (P hysical R ev., 1932, [ii], 40, 544— 56S).—T u rn e r’s pro p o sal th a t th e m agnetic quenching of I fluorescence is a predissociation phenom enon is developed th e o r
etically (cf. A ., 1931, 1). N . M. B.
C o n d itio n s of o r i g i n o f f o r b id d e n lin e s i n th e s p e c t r u m of H g I I . S . S a m b u r s k y (Z. P h y sik , 1932,
76, 266—267). A. B. D . C.
H y p e r f in e s t r u c t u r e of m e r c u r y . V . Iy .M u ra - k a w a (Sci. P a p e rs I n s t. P h v s. Chem. R es. Tokyo, 1932, 18, 177—190; cf. th is vol., 552).—D a ta are recorded a n d in te rp re te d fo r X I5791, 3663, 3662, 3654, 4046, 4077, 4358, 5460, 4339-23, an d 3650-15.
The co m p o n en ts of even isotopes in X 5461 em it only 74% of th e ir th e o re tic a l in te n sity . N . M. B .
M e a n liv e s of m e r c u r y l in e s X 2537 a n d X1849.
P . H . G a r r e t t (P hysical R ev ., 1932, [ii], 40, 779—
790).—T he m ean life of X2537 m easured by a p h o to electric m e th o d w as 1 -0 8 x 1 0 “' sec. a c c u ra te to 1%, a n d th a t of X 1849 b y a n a b so rp tio n m e th o d was 2 -9 x lO“w sec. a c c u ra te to 25% . N . M. B.
H y p e r f in e s t r u c t u r e o f l e a d . K . M u r a k a w a (Sci. P ap e rs I n s t. P h y s. Chem. R es. T okyo, 1932, 18, 191—204).—D a ta a re recorded a n d in te rp re te d for XX 3639, 3683, 4019, 4057, 4062, a n d 4168 of P b i.
a n d for 3786, 4386, 4244, 4579-15, 5372, 5608, an d 6660 of P b i i . T he ab u n d an ce ra tio s of isotopes are p b208, 207, 206= 47.7 . 25.9 : 26*4. N . M. B.
H y p e r f in e s t r u c t u r e of le a d . J , L. R o s e an d L. P . G r a n a t h (P hysical R ev ., 1932, [ii], 40, 760—
778).—D a ta fo r 13 lines of P b I a n d 5 lines of P b II are rep o rted . Iso to p e d isp lacem en ts of P b200 an d P b207 w ith resp ect to P b2u8 w ere fo u n d ; vals. for P b i i w ere m uch larg e r th a n for P b I . N . M. B.
P l a s m a v i b r a t i o n s a n d s e le c tiv e o p t i c a l r e f le x io n b y m e t a l s . M. S t e e n b e c k (Z. P h y sik , 1932, 76, 260—265).—T heoretical. A. B. D . C.
P r o c e s s e s of e x c ita tio n a n d io n ic m o t i o n s i n t h e l u m i n o u s a r c . R . M a n n k o p f f (Z. P h y sik , 1932, 76, 396— 106).—A spectroscopic s tu d y of th e arc c u rre n t before an d a fte r b reak in g th e c irc u it rev eals t h a t 75% of th e e x c ita tio n is th e rm a l. A. B. D . C.
O r i g i n of c o r o n a l lin e s . R . Fr e r i c i i s (N atu re,
1932, 129, 901— 902). L . S. T .
K . R . Rao
L. S. T.
J . K . L.
7 8 8 B R I T I S H C H E M IC A L A B S T R A C T S . A .
H . Din g l e (N atu re, of 0 2, o r 50 p a rts of X e in 10® of 0 2, c a n be detected
L. S. T. b y th e cloud m eth o d . N. M. B.
A n o m a lie s i n r a d i o g r a p h s p r o d u c e d b y m e a n s of r e s i s t a n c e c e lls . G. Re b o u l (C om pt. rend.,
1932, 1 9 4 , 2304— 2405; cf. th is vol., 446).
O r i g i n of c o r o n a l l i n e s . 1932, 1 2 9 , 902).
S c a t t e r i n g of X - r a y s b y m o n a t o m i c g a s e s . Y . H . W o o (Sei. R ep . N a t. T sing H u a U n iv ., 1932, A , 1, 135— 143).—W o llan ’s re su lts (A., 1931, 781, 1106) on th e in te n s ity of X -ra y sc a tte rin g b y in e rt gases are com pared w ith th e o re tic a l vals. deduced from a m odified R a m a n -C o m p to n form ula.
W . R . A.
A b s o r p t i o n a n d s c a t t e r i n g of X - r a y s b y a r g o n . S. H . Y u (Sci. R ep . N a t. T sing H u a U n iv ., 1932, A, 1, 155— 157).—T he sc a tte rin g is calc, from th e
Com pton fo rm u la. W . R . A.
S t r u c t u r e of a b s o r p t i o n e d g e s o f l i g h t e l e m e n t s . H . Ge i g e r (Z. P h y sik , 1932, 76, 420).—N e u fe ld t’s re su lts (A., 1931, 781, 1206) could n o t be reproduced.
A. B. D. C.
O r i g i n of t h e X - r a y n o n - d i a g r a m l i n e s i n th e I i s e r i e s . M. Saa va da (Mem. Coll. Sci. K y o to ,
1932, A , 1 5 , 43— 56). A. R . P .
W a v e - le n g th s of t h e t u n g s t e n K s e r i e s s p e c t r u m w i t h t h e d o u b le s p e c t r o m e t e r . J . H .
Wil l ia m s (P hysical R ev ., 1932, [ii], 4 0 , 791— 796).—
' E x p e rim e n ta l. N . M. B.
T w o - c r y s t a l a n a l y s i s of L - a b s o r p t i o n l i m i t s of m e r c u r y . H. L. Hull (Physical R ev., 1932, [ii],
4 0 , 676—683). " N . M. B.
R e la tiv e e x c i t a t i o n o f t h e t h r e e X - r a y L le v e ls w i t h c a th o d e r a y s of d i f f e r e n t v e lo c itie s . D.
Co s t e r a n d J . v a n Zu y l e n (N atu re, 1932, 1 2 9 ,
942— 943). L. S. T.
D i s p l a c e m e n t i n t h e AT l i n e s o f t u n g s t e n a n d t a n t a l u m . F . C. C h a l k l i n a n d L. P . C h a l k l i n (N a tu re, 1932, 1 2 9 , 905— 906).— L ines a t 55-58 a n d 58-42 A . h av e been o b ta in e d from W s p u tte re d on to a H20-cooled a n tic a th o d e . W ith a n in ca n d escen t an tic a th o d e of W sh e e t th e lines a re displaced to 55-29 a n d 58-09, resp ectiv ely , re p re sen tin g a n increase of 1-2 electro n v o lts in th e energies for each line.
T he On, TII level is concluded to be 1-2 v o lts deeper w ith in th e a to m for cold W th a n fo r h o t, a n d th e sh ift is a ttr ib u te d to m easu rem e n ts fo r h o t W being due to th e m e ta l a n d fo r th e cold m easu rem en ts to
oxidised W . L. S. T.
A b s o r p t i o n of s c a t t e r e d X - r a y s . S. R . Kh a s t-
g ir(Phil. M ag., 1932, [vii], 14, 99— 112; cf. A ., 1931, 1105).— A d d itio n al evidence is ad d u ced in su p p o rt of th e existence of th e J phenom ena. H . J . E .
S c a t t e r i n g o f c a th o d e r a y s a t c r y s t a l s u r f a c e s . F . Ki r c h n e r a n d H . Ra e t h e r (P h y sik al. Z., 1932,
33 , 510— 513). A. J . M.
C o m p o u n d p h o t o - e l e c t r i c e ff e c t o f X - r a y s i n l i g h t e l e m e n t s . G . L. L o c h e r (P h y sical R e v ., 1932, [ii], 4 0 , 4S4—4 9 5 ; cf. C om pton, A ., 1930, 138).— T he K fluorescence yield s of 0 2, N e, a n d A are 8-2, S-3, a n d 14-9% , resp ectiv ely , fo r 0-709 A . X -ray s. T hese v als. a re re la te d w ith av ailab le d a ta for 47 elem ents. A new ty p e of double tra c k a t tr ib u te d to m e ta sta b le K r a to m s, a n d h a v in g com p o n e n ts of sim ilar en erg y b u t prod u cin g u n eq u al io n isatio n , w as observed. 15 p a r ts of K r in 105
C. A. S.
P h o t o - e l e c t r i c m i c r o p h o t o m e t e r f o r X -ra y w o r k . W . Bu s s e m a n d B. La n g e (Z. K ris t., 1932, 8 2 ,474— 476).— T he in s tru m e n t m akes use of L ange’s new pho to -cell (cf. A., 1931, 9). C. A. S.
M u l t i p l e i n t e r f e r e n c e s p e c t r o s c o p e c o m p a r e d w i t h o t h e r i n t e r f e r e n c e s p e c t r o s c o p e s . E . La b
a n d E . Ri t t e r (Z. P h y sik , 1932, 7 6 , 190—200).
A. B. D. C.
M e a s u r e m e n t s w i t h l i q u i d h e l i u m . X V III.
B e h a v i o u r o f s u p e r c o n d u c t i n g t i n o n b o m b a r d m e n t w i t h s lo w e l e c t r o n s . W . Me i s s n e r and K.
St e i n e r (Z. P h ysik, 1932, 7 6 , 201— 212).—Electrons of th e v elo city of c o n d u c tiv ity electrons do n o t pass th ro u g h Sn foil w hen th is is superconducting.
A. B. D. C.
D e t e r m i n a t i o n of p o t e n t i a l c u r v e s f o r d ia to m ic m o le c u le s w i t h th e a i d of s p e c t r a l t e r m s . 0.
Kl e i n (Z. P h y sik , 1932, 7 6 , 226— 235).— Theoretical.
A. B. D. C.
I o n i s a t i o n p o t e n t i a l of m o l e c u l a r h y d ro g e n . W . Bl e a k n e y (P hysical R ev ., 1932, [ii], 4 0 , 496—
5 0 1 ; cf. A., 1930, 969).— A m ass sp ectro g rap h for use w ith gases a t pressures of th e o rd er 1 0 '8 min. is described, a n d gives 15-37±0-03 v o lts for th e ionis
a tio n p o te n tia l of m ol. H 2. P rev io u s vals. are
c ritic a lly review ed. N . M. B.
T h e H u m e - R o t h e r y r e l a t i o n s h i p b e tw e e n io n is
a t i o n p o t e n t i a l s o f e l e m e n t s a n d t h e i r ato m ic n u m b e r . H . Ya g o d a (P hil. M ag., 1932, [vii], 13, 1163— 1171; cf. A., 1930, 1233).— A m ore exact re la tio n sh ip for elem en ts in a n y one periodic group is log n -V —a log z-\-b. T h is is also v a lid for singly-
ionised ato m s. H . J . E.
P h o t o - e l e c t r i c e f fe c t a t s u r f a c e s o f m a g n e s iu m . H . G e r d i n g a n d R . G e r d i n g - K r o o n (Rec. trav.
chim ., 1932, 5 1 , 612— 618; cf. A., 1931, 138).—As w ith Al, th e p h o to -electric c u rre n t is increased by scrap in g in a vac., a n d dim inishes on keeping, more ra p id ly in presence of air. T he photo-electric th re sh o ld is d isplaced b y scraping from a b o u t 3126 A.
to 4900 A . T he effect of a ir is d ue to th e retarding a c tio n of th e c o n ta c t p o te n tia l betw een 0„ an d Mg.
F . L. U.
D e p th of o r i g i n of p h o t o - e l e c t r o n s . H. E.
Iv e s a n d H . B . Br ig g s (P hysical R ev ., 1932, [ii], 4 0 , 802— 812).— I n th e e a rlie st developm ent of Na o r Cs films on Ag th e photo-em ission is characteristic, a t first, of th e lig h t a b so rp tio n in Ag, an d , as th e film b uilds up, of en erg y above th e Ag, in d icatin g th a t th e p h o to -electro n s o rig in ate p a r tly in th e Ag and p a r tly in th e film, th e p ro p o rtio n v a ry in g w ith the
film th ic k n ess. N. M. B.
R e s e m b la n c e b e tw e e n l o n g i t u d i n a l a s y m m e tr y of th e c l a s s i c a l f ie ld of a n a c c e l e r a t e d e le c tro n a n d d i s t r i b u t i o n of s c a t t e r e d p h o to - e le c tr o n s . L. Si m o n s (P hil. M ag., 1932, [vii], 1 4 , 148—158).—
T h e o retical. H . J . E.
I n f lu e n c e of s a l t s o n m i n i m u m p o t e n t i a l . W. Gr a w e (Physikal. Z., 1932, 3 3 , 483—488).— The rain, discharge p o te n tia l of a n eg ativ ely -ch arg ed wire is low ered b y inorg. sa lts, th e effect increasing with increasing q u a n tity of s a lt a n d w ith rising tem p. T he em ission from p ositively-charged w ires is n o t affected. H3B 03 a n d H3P 04 do n o t lower the m in. p o te n tia l, b u t th e ir sa lts do so ; electron em ission is due, th erefo re, to th e m e ta l ion.
E . S. H . P h o t o - e l e c t r i c a n d t h e r m o - e l e c t r i c e ffe c t of p a l l a d i u m - s i l v e r a n d p a l l a d i u m - g o l d a llo y s c h a r g e d w i t h h y d r o g e n . J . Sc h n i e d e r m a n n (Ann.
P hysik, 1932, [v], 7, 761— 779).— T he ab so rp tio n of H2 b y P d a n d its alloys w ith Ag a n d A u increases linearly w ith th e q u a n tity of Ag or A u ad d ed . The photo- a n d th erm o -electric effects are increased by th e ab so rb ed H 2. T h ere is a m ax . fo r alloys w ith
40% Ag or A u. A. J . M.
P h o t o - e l e c t r i c p r o p e r t i e s of f i l m s o f b e r y l l i u m , a l u m i n i u m , m a g n e s i u m , a n d t h a l l i u m . H . d e
La szlo (Phil. M ag., 1932, [vii], 1 3 ,1 1 7 1 — 1178).— The photo-electric response fo r films of th ese m e ta ls has been stu d ie d in m o n ochrom atic lig h t betw een 5000 and 2400 A. Mg is specially su itab le fo r th e con
stru c tio n of u ltra -v io le t photo-cells. H . J . E . P o l a r i s a t i o n of e l e c t r o n s b y s c a t t e r i n g . E . G.
Dy m o n d (Proc. R oy. Soc., 1932, A , 1 3 6 , 638— 651).—
E lectro n s of m ax. v e lo c ity 70 kv. w ere s c a tte re d successively th ro u g h 90° b y th in A u foils, a n d a sm all change in in te n s ity w as n o te d as th e a z im u th of th e second s c a tte re d beam w as a lte re d . T h e p o larisatio n effect w as fo u n d to be l- 7 ± 0 - 3 % , t h a t p re d ic te d b y
M ott being 10% . L. L. B.
Electron polarisation. G. O. L a n g s t r o t h (Proc.
Roy. Soc., 1932, A , 1 3 6 , 558— 568).— E le c tro n s are scattere d tw ice a t ap p ro x . 90° from th ic k W ta rg e ts, and re su lts in d ica te t h a t th e in te n sitie s s c a tte re d a t 0° a n d 1S0° of th e a z im u th do n o t differ b y m ore th a n 1%, th e ex p erim e n tal e rro r, for p rim a ry electron
energies u p to 10 k v . L. L. B.
S c a t t e r i n g fo rm u la e f o r e l e c t r o n s of r e l a t i v i t y v e lo c itie s . H . Be t h e (Z. P h y sik , 1932, 76, 293—
299).—T h eo retical. E n e rg y loss p e r cm . reaches a min. a t 96% th e v e lo city of lig h t. A. B. D. C.
R a d i u s o f e l e c t r o n s . E . Gu t h (N aturw iss.,
1932, 20, 470— 471. W . R . A.
E l e c t r o n r a d i u s a n d m o l e c u l a r r e c o il. E . Gu t h (N atu rw iss., 1932, 2 0, 490).— Polem ical.
W . R . A.
E x p u ls io n o f e l e c t r o n s f r o m a n e g a tiv e p r o b e b y e x c ite d a t o m s o r p o s itiv e i o n s . F . Lu d i (Z.
Physik, 1932, 7 6 , 319— 321).— A tte n tio n is directed to w ork of K obel (B row n-B overi-M itt., F eb . 1930).
A. B . D; C.
Diffraction of low -speed electrons by single crystals of copper and silver. H . E . F a r n s w o r t h (Physical R ev ., 1932, [ii], 4 0 , 684— 712; cf. A., 1929, 1212).— D a ta for classes of diffraction beam s and re la te d re fra c tiv e indices are re p o rted . I n tensities a s a fu n ctio n of angle of incidence, and regular reflexion of 'e lectro n s from cry sta l planes were in v estig a ted . T he change in s tru c tu re w ith
th ick n ess of a surface gas la ttic e gives rise to ch a r
a c te ristic beam s. N . M. B.
A n g u l a r d i s t r i b u t i o n of e l e c t r o n s s c a t t e r e d e l a s t i c a l l y a n d in e l a s t i c a l l y i n m e r c u r y v a p o u r . J . T. Ta t e a n d R . R . Pa l m e r (P hysical R e v ,, 1932, [ii], 4 0 , 731— 748).— E x p e rim e n ta l. N . M. B.
M o tio n of e le c tr o n s i n t h e s t a t i c f ie ld s of h y d r o g e n a n d h e l i u m . J . McDo u g a l l (Proc. R oy.
Soc., 1932, A , 136, 549— 558).—M ath em atical.
L. L. B.
E x a m i n a t i o n o f a t h i n l a y e r o f p a r a f f i n w i t h e le c tr o n ic r a d i a t i o n . J . Ga r r id o a n d J . He n g-
s t e n b u r g (Z. K ris t., 1932, 82, 477— 480).— A s tre a m of electrons passed th ro u g h a th in film of th e paraffin C21H44 gives a sh arp diffraction diagram . I t in dicates t h a t th e film consists of c ry sta llite s th e c axes of w hich coincide w ith th e len g th of th e m ols.
C. A. S.
R a tio h /e b y m e a n s of e le c tr o n d i f f r a c t i o n . R . v o n Me ib o m an d E . R u p p (Ann. P h y sik , 1932, [v], 1 3 , 725—731).— F ro m d ire c t m easu rem en t of electro n v elocity b y th e W ie c h e rt-K irc h n e r m eth o d a n d fro m th e e stim a te d w ave-lengths of fa s t electrons d iffracted b y A u a val. fo r 7z/e= 1-3798 X 10'17 w as o b ta in e d from th e de Broglie relatio n . W . R . A.
T r a n s f e r e n c e of s lo w p o s itiv e p a r t i c l e s t h r o u g h c a n a l r a y s . J . Ko e n i g s b e r g e r (Ann. P h y sik , 1932, [v], 7, 780—782).—A discussion. A. J . M.
F o r m a t i o n , d e te c tio n , a n d a b s o r p t i o n of s lo w n e u t r a l r a y s . H . Ka l l m a n n, V. La s a r e v, an d B. Ro s e n (Z. P h y sik , 1932, 76, 213— 225).— H o m o geneous n e u tra l ray s of 30 to 800 v o lts w ere o b tain ed , a n d th e ir re la tiv e in te n s ity w as m easured b y th e ir em ission of electrons from m etals. A bsorption curves are given for n e u tra l ray s in o th e r gases.
A. B . D. C.
A b s o lu te v a lu e s of t h e m o b i l i t y of g a s e o u s io n s i n p u r e g a s e s . N. E . Br a d b u r y (P hysical R ev., 1932, [ii], 4 0 , 508— 523).—T he abs. m e th o d of T y n d all a n d G rindley (cf. A ., 1926, 219), w ith im proved resolving pow er, w as used fo r highly-purified gases.
M obilities in cm ./sec. p e r v o lt/cm . are, for a ir, positive ion 1-6, n eg ativ e ion 2-21; for 02 from KC103, n egative ion 2-65 (anom alously h ig h ) ; fo r 02 from K M n 04 a n d a com m ercial source, p o sitiv e ion 1-58, n eg ativ e ion 2-18; for N2 (com m ercial), no n e g ativ e ions, positive ion 2-09; for H 2, no n eg ativ e ions, p o sitiv e ion 8-2, a n d in d ica tio n s of 13-1; fo r H e, no n eg ativ e
ions, p o sitiv e ion 17-0. N. M. B.
M o b ility e x p e r i m e n t s i n g a s e o u s m i x t u r e s a n d a g e in g e x p e r i m e n t s i n p u r e g a s e s . N . E . Br a d
b u r y (Physical R ev ., 1932, [ii], 4 0 , 524— 52 8 ; cf.
preceding * a b s tra c t).—V ais, for th e p o sitiv e ion m o b ility in H2- N H3 a n d N2- N H3 m ix tu re s w ere 9-4 (a t 0-15 m m . p a rtia l pressure of N H 3) a n d 1-83 (in a d d itio n to 2-09 for th e norm al p o sitiv e ion in p u re N 2), respectively. A co n tin u a tio n of ex p e rim e n ts o n ageing is re p o rte d (cf. A., 1931, 889). N. M. B.
H ig h - v e lo c ity p o s itiv e io n s . I . M e th o d of o b t a i n i n g h ig h - v e lo c ity p o s itiv e i o n s . J . D.
Co c k c r o ft and E . T . S. Wa l t o n (Proc. R oy. Soc., 1932, A , 1 3 6 , 619— 630).—T o o b ta in la rg e ste a d y p o te n tia ls fo r th e acceleratio n of p ro to n s, a m e th o d is
790 B R I T I S H C H E M IC A L A B S T R A C T S .— A .
developed b y w hich th e v o ltag e of a tra n sfo rm e r c a n b e rectified a n d m u ltip lie d sev eral tim es b y a n a rra n g e m en t of v alves a n d condensers. L. L. B.
A t . w t s . o f H 2 a n d B e 0. N . S. Gr a c e (J. A m er.
C hem ., Soc., 1932, 54, 2562— 2563).—T h e a t. w ts.
2-0113^0-0012 a n d 9-Q05A0-002 a re th eo retically dedu ced fo r H 2 a n d B e9, resp ectiv ely . T he existence of H 2 nuclei a n d n e u tro n s suggests t h a t all know n a t. nuclei m a y orig in a te from p ro to n s a n d electro n s b y a succession of tw o -b o d y collisions, e.g., tw o H 2 n u clei fo rm a n a-p article. C. J . W . (c)
H y d r o g e n is o t o p e of m a s s 2 . H . Ka l l m a n n
a n d W . La s a r e v (N aturw iss., 1932, 2 0 , 472).— F ro m a n ex a m in a tio n of d istille d H 2 b y a m ass s p e c tro g ra p h i t is concluded t h a t H 2 is p re se n t. T in s isotope seem s to be b o u n d in th e H 3 ion. W . R . A.
S e p a r a t i o n o f g a s e o u s is o to p e m i x t u r e s . G.
He r t z (N atu rw iss., 1932, 2 0 , 493— 494).—A m e th o d fo r se p a ra tin g th e iso to p es of N e is described. N e21 a n d N e23 w ere fo u n d b y th e m ass-sp e ctro g rap h m e th o d , b u t are n o t en co u n tere d in o p tic a l sp e c tra . T hese isotopes occur in th e ra tio 1 : 2000 in n o rm a l N e.
W . R . A.
E x i s t e n c e o f i s o t o p e s of s e l e n i u m a n d t e l l u r i u m d e d u c e d f r o m t h e e x a m i n a t i o n of t h e r e s o n a n c e m u l t i p l e t s of S e 2 a n d T e 2. P . Sw in g s a n d Y . Ca m b r e s ie r (B ull. A cad. ro y . B clg., 1932, [v], 1 8 , 419— 421).—T h e r o ta tio n q u a n tu m n o s. of Se2 a n d T e2 m ols. in th e e x c ite d s ta te h a v e b o th o d d a n d ev en vals. C onsequently th ese elem en ts m u s t each e x ist in a t le a s t tw o iso to p es (cf. A ., 1931, 1348).
J . W . S.
R a d io a c tiv e t r a n s f o r m a t i o n s . L . We r t e n s t e i n
(Com pt. re n d ., 1932, 194, 2305— 2307).—T h eo retical.
A discussion of th e m odifications of th e view s as to th e m echanism of rad io a c tiv e tra n sfo rm a tio n s, a n d th e n a tu re a n d origin of th e ra d io a c tiv e elem en ts co n seq u e n t on th e id ea of dem ihelions (cf. th is vol.,
556). C. A. S.
E x i s t e n c e o f a n e u t r o n . J . Ch a d w i c k (Proc.
R o y . Soc., 1932, A , 1 3 6 , 692— 7Q8).—W h en B e (or B) is b o m b a rd e d b y a-p a rtic les fro m P o a v e ry p e n e tr a t
ing ra d ia tio n is p ro d u ced w hich effects long-range p a rtic le s from H , a n d m a n y lig h t elem ents. T he re su lts a re c o n siste n t w ith th e view t h a t th e ra d ia tio n co n sists of n e u tro n s, a n e u tro n being a p ro to n a n d a n electro n in close association, th e binding energy being 1 to 2 X 106 ele ctro n v o lts, th e m ass 1, a n d th e charge 0. E x p e rim e n ts on th e passag e of n e u tro n s th ro u g h m a tte r give in fo rm a tio n on th e freq u en cy of th e ir collisions w ith a t. nuclei a n d electrons.
L . L. B . A t t e m p t s to d e t e c t t h e i n t e r a c t i o n o f n e u t r o n s w i t h e l e c t r o n s . P . I . De e (Proc. R o y . Soc., 1 9 3 2 , A , 1 3 6 , 7 2 7—7 3 4 ).—F ro m ex p e rim e n ts in a W ilson cloud tr a c k ch a m b e r i t is concluded t h a t th e p ro b a b ility of a n in te ra c tio n of a n e u tro n w ith a n ele ctro n w ith p ro d u c tio n of a recoil e lec tro n tr a c k is less th a n 1% of th e p ro b a b ility of a sim ilar in te ra c tio n w ith a
N nu cleu s. L. L. B .
C o llis io n s o f n e u t r o n s w i t h n i t r o g e n n u c le i.
N . Fe a t h e r (Proc. R o y . Soc., 1 9 2 2 , A , 1 3 6 , 7 0 9 — 7 2 7 ).—N e u tro n s o b ta in e d from Be, b y a -p a rtic le
b o m b a rd m e n t, give rise to tra c k s in a n expansion ch am b er a f te r collision w ith N nuclei a n d are shown to be e m itte d w ith energies d is trib u te d ov er a wide ran g e. Tw o ty p e s of in elastic collision re su ltin g in d is in te g ra tio n are found, one in w hich a n e u tro n is c a p tu re d a n d a n a -p article lib e ra te d , a n d a n o th e r in w hich a n e u tro n is n o t c a p tu re d b u t a p ro to n is
p ro b a b ly lib e ra te d . L. L. B.
D e m ih e lio n s . F . Pe r r i n (C om pt. re n d ., 1932, 1 94, 2211—2213; cf. th is vol., 556).— I t is suggested t h a t th e single an om alous forked tr a c k observed by B la c k e tt (cf. th is vol., 672) is du e to expulsion of a dem ihelion, com posed of one p ro to n a n d one neutron, of a t. w t. 2-0 1 1 5 ^0 -0 0 0 5 . C. A. S.
R a d i a t i o n s e x c ite d i n l i g h t a t o m s b y a - p a r tic le s . (Mm e.) I . Cu r i e, F . Jo l io t, a n d P . Sa v e l (Compt.
re n d ., 1932, 1 9 4 , 2208— 2211; cf. th is vol., 555, 672).—T h e n e u tro n s p ro je c te d from B e b y a-particles in th e sam e d irectio n a s t h a t of th e a-p articles eject from paraffin a m ain g ro u p of H -p a rtic le s of path 2S cm. in a ir a n d a sm all g ro u p of m ax . p a th about 70 cm . N e u tro n s p ro jected b ack w ard (a t 120— 180°) eject H -p a rtic le s of p a th 23 cm . T he velocities of th e tw o m a h i gro u p s a re 3-84 a n d 2-94 X 10° cm ./sec.
r e s p e c tiv e ly ; th e y p o ssib ly re su lt fro m th e reactions B e0+ a = C 12-l-wx ancl B e<J+ a = C 12+ ? i x “r y j respec
tiv e ly , w hich gives as a t. w t. of B e9 9-006. N eutrons p ro je c te d b a ck w ard s a re diffused m ore b y P b than b y Cu. P o -j-L i ra d ia tio n is sim ilarly dissym m etric;
th e ra tio of th e io n isatio n p ro d u ced b y th e forward ra d ia tio n to t h a t p ro d u c e d b y y -ray s of P o in H 2, X2, a n d A is, resp ectiv ely , 0-55, 0-31, a n d 0-25; it is ab so rb ed e q u ally b y 1 g. p e r sq. cm . of paraffin or 4 g. of P b . T h is ra d ia tio n is also p ro b a b ly neutrons, d u e possibly to th e re actio n s L i8-{-a-|-electro n = B e9T n x or L i7+ a = B 10+ n x ■ C. A. S.
D i s i n t e g r a t i o n c o n s t a n t of u r a n i u m b y the m e t h o d o f c o u n t i n g a - p a r t i c l e s . A. F . Kovarik
a n d N . I . Ad a m s, ju n . (P hysical R e v ., 1932, [ii], 40, 718— 726).—M ore th a n 100,000 co u n ts of a-particles e m itte d from th in films of p u re U 30 8 gave T 532X10'10 y e a r-1 fo r th e d isin te g ra tio n c o n st., 3-40X lO -7 for th e R a - U ra tio , a n d 0-96— 0-97 fo r th e branching
ra tio . N . 3VI. B.
A n o m a l o u s s c a t t e r i n g of a - p a r t i c l e s b y H , an d H e . H . M. Ta y l o r (Proc. R o y . Soc., 1932, A," 136,
605— 61S).— M a th em atical. I n H 2 a n d H e the sc a tte rin g a t sm all angles of a-p articles can be ex p lain ed b y th e sam e field as t h a t fo r large angles, a n d th e re su lts a re in d e p e n d e n t of th e form of the p o te n tia l energ y cu rv e assu m ed fo r one particle in th e field of th e o th e r, as long as th e energy is C oulom bian fo r d ista n c e s g re a te r th a n 5 x 10-13 cm.
L . L. B -;/
M a g n e tic s p e c t r u m o f ¡3-rays o f T h - C + C '- t- C • S. V . Sze (C om pt. re n d ., 1932, 1 9 4 , 2206— 2208; cf.
th is vol., 442, 443).— T he in te n sitie s, H p, a n d energies of 56 (IS new) (3-rays in th is m ag n etic spectrum , re fe rred to I I P 1398 as s ta n d a rd , hav e been d eter
m ined. 12 of th e se ra y s a re considered to be due to y -ra v s c o n v erte d in th e a to m of T h -C " (cf. A.,
1926, 6). C. A. S.
C lo s e c o llis io n s of f a s t ¡3 -p a rtic le s w i t h e le c t r o n s , p h o t o g r a p h e d b y t h e e x p a n s io n m e t h o d . F . C. Ch a m p io n (Proc. R o y . Soc., 1932, A , 1 3 6 , 630—
637).— I n a no. of collisions of f a s t ¡3-particles an d electrons, in all cases ex c e p t one m o m en tu m and energy w ere conserved a n d re s u lts p re d ic te d b y th e principle of re stric te d re la tiv ity verified. L. L . B .
G a m m a - r a d i a t i o n a n d i t s r e l a t i o n t o n u c l e a r s t r u c t u r e . P . G. Kr u c.e r (P hysical R e v ., 1932, [ii], 4 0 , 727— 730).—T he calc, w ave-lengths of y-radi- ation from th e nucleus fo r 14 ra d io a c tiv e elem ents are in m o d erate ag reem en t w ith observed vals.
N . M. B.
I n t e r a c t i o n b e tw e e n y - r a d i a t i o n a n d t h e a to m ic n u c le u s . L. H . Gr a y a n d G. T. P . Ta r r a n t (Proc.
R oy. Soc., 1932, A , 1 3 6 , 662— 691).— E le m e n ts of high a t. no. ab so rb th e h a rd y -ra y s of T h -C " an d Ra-O, a n d e m it a seco n d ary ra d ia tio n q u ite unlike t h a t s c a tte re d b y th e electronic sy stem of th e o u ter atom . T h e a b so rp tio n curves of th e ch arac teristic ra d ia tio n s of P b , Sn, F e, an d 0 2 a re v e ry sim ilar. The re su lts in d ic a te t h a t th e ab so rp tio n process is an ex c ita tio n of th e nucleus w hich su b se q u e n tly em its
c h ara cteristic ra d ia tio n s. L. L . B.
8 -R a y s a n d t h e r e l a t i o n b e tw e e n r a n g e a n d v e lo c ity f o r s lo w e l e c t r o n s . T . Al t e r (Z. P h y sik , 1932, 7 6 ,1 7 2 — 189).— T he len g th s of 8-ray tra d e s w ere m easured a t different p o in ts along a n a -ray tra c k in a W ilson cham ber, a n d a re latio n w as o b ta in e d co n n ect
ing ra n g e a n d v elocity of electrons of 200 to 4500 volts.
A . B. D. C.
S t r u c t u r e o f a t o m i c n u c le i. (Proc. R o y . Soc., 1932, A , 136, 735— 762.)—(Lo r d) Ru t h e r p o r d. Progress in c e rta in fields of research bearing on th is problem is review ed, w ith special reference to optical m ethods (e.g., th e re la tiv e in ten sities of lines in b and sp ec tra of lig h t elem ents), ap p licatio n s of wave- m echanics, G am ow ’s th e o ry of a high p o te n tia l b arrier surrounding th e nucleus, th e origin of y-ray s, th e con
ception of energy levels in th e nucleus, th e ex citatio n of nuclei b y y-rays, th e artificial tra n s m u ta tio n of th e elem ents, a n d th e sc a tte rin g of a-particles.
J . Ch a d w ic k r e v ie w e d t h e e v id e n c e fo r t h e e x is t en ce o f t h e n e u tr o n .
C. D . El l is d is c u s s e d a- a n d ¡3-ray s p e c tr a .
R . H . Fo w l e r discussed th e q u estio n of nuclear spin.
J . C. McLe n n a n described th e d a ta obtainable from a s tu d y of th e fine s tru c tu re of sp ectral lines, from w hich ca n be calc, th e m echanical m om ents an d th e ra tio of m agnetic to m echanical m om ents fo r a no. of a t. nuclei.
F . A. Li n d e m a n n in d ic a te d d iffic u ltie s in t h e c o n c e p tio n o f fr e e e le c tr o n s in t h e n u c le u s a n d t h e id e a o f th e n e u tr o n .
N . F . Mo tt d escribed th e ap p licatio n of q u a n tu m m echanics to th e pro b lem of th e anom alous scatterin g
of a-particles. L. L. B.
W ave-m echanical calculation of the polaris- ibility of the hydrogen m olecule. B . M r o w k a (Z. P h ysik, 1932, 7 6 , 300— 308). A. B. D . C.
Pressure effect in radiationless dissociation, K, Witrm (Z. P h y sik , 1932, 76, 309— 315).— The pre-
dissociation system of A1H b an d s w as o b ta in e d b y te m p , em ission; th e b an d lines becom e sh arp n ear
2 m m . pressure. A. B. D . C.
D e s t r u c t i o n of m a t t e r b y u l t r a - r a d i a t i o n . E . G. St e i n k e a n d H . Sc h i n d l e r (N aturw iss., 1932,
2 0 , 491— 493). W . R . A.
U l t r a - v i o l e t t r a n s m i s s i o n o f t h i n b lo w n g l a s s w in d o w s . H . Kl u m b a n d T. Ha a s e (Z. P h y sik , 1932, 7 6 , 322— 327).— A m e th o d of m ak in g a n d using w indow s 10 g th ic k is described. À. B. D . 0 .
S p e c tr o s c o p ic d e t e r m i n a t i o n of e le c t r o n a f f in i t i e s of t h e p s e u d o - h a lo g e n s O H a n d C N . E . Le d b r l e (Z. p h y sik al. Cliem., 1932, B , 17, 362— 368).
—A vailable d a ta show t h a t fo r th e halides of a given m e ta l th e graphs of th e electron affinity of th e halogen ag ain st th e h e a t of dissociation of th e h alid e a n d a g a in st th e energy level of th e u ltra -v io le t ab so rp tio n m ax. are o ften rectilinear, deviations fro m th is rule being associated w ith differences in c ry stal form . B y m eans of th is rela tio n th e following d a ta hav e been o b ta in e d : electron affinities of O H a n d CN, 8S ± 1 an d 9 2 ± 2 , resp ectiv ely ; h e a t of dissociation (CN)2v==
2CN, 6 l 4 ; 3 ; sp littin g of arom atic C-Br linking,
75 kg.-cal. R . 0.
D e t e r m i n a t i o n o f e le c t r o n a f f in itie s of h a lo g e n s f r o m c o n tin u o u s a b s o r p t i o n s p e c t r a of a lk a li h a lid e v a p o u r s . E . Le d e r l e (Z. p h y sik al. Cliem., 1932, B , 17, 353— 361).— F ro m th e energy levels of th e u ltra -v io le t ab so rp tio n m ax im a of alkali halide v ap o u rs (A., 1925, ii, 1025) a n d th e h e ats of dissoci
a tio n (A., 1924, ii, 434) th e electron affinities of Cl, B r, a n d I h av e been calc, to be 9 0 '± 1 , S 2 ± l , a n d 7 3 ± 1 kg.-cal., respectively. B y e x tra p o la tio n th e electron affinity of F has been fo u n d to be 9 5 ± 2 a n d th e h e a t of dissociation 66-8 ± 0 -5 kg.-cal. R . C.
P r e d i s s o c i a t i o n i n t h e s p e c t r u m o f io d in e c h lo r id e . W . G. Br o w na n d G. E . Gi b s o n (P hysical R e v ., 1932, [ii], 40, 529— 543).—T he 17,446, 17,664, a n d 17,828 cm .-1 b an d s lying ju s t beyond th e converg
ence of th e visible ab so rp tio n bands are analysed, a n d rev eal a case of predissociation due to in teractio n w ith a repulsive 0 + s ta te derived from tw o no rm al atom s.
N . M. B.
I n c r e a s e of p r e d i s s o c i a t i o n b y c o llis io n a n d B e e r ’s la w . V. Iv o n d r a t é e v a n d L. Po l a k (Z.
P h y sik , 1932, 76, 386—389).— O bservations of a b so rp tio n b y B r a n d N 0 2 show ed t h a t B e er’s law does n o t hold for regions of predissociation, a n d deviations increase w ith increasing pressure of th e original or
foreign gas. A. B. D . C.
S i m p l e r e l a t i o n s b e tw e e n m o l e c u l a r s p e c t r a a n d s t r u c t u r e s . H . De s l a n d r e s (C om pt. ren d ., 1932, 194, 2093— 2097 ; cf. th is vol., 444).— F u rth e r
exam ples are given. C. A. S.
T h e o r y of th e r e l a t i o n s h i p s b e tw e e n a b s o r p t i o n of l i g h t a n d c o n s t i t u t i o n . A. Bu r a w o y (B er.,
1932, 65, [.B], 941— 947).— T he a u th o r ’s views (A., 1931, 144, 544, 1052) are developed f u rth e r a n d th e re su lts are applied to th e elu cid atio n of th e chem ical valency problem of u n s a tu ra te d com pounds. I t is show n t h a t th e u n s a tu ra te d n a tu re of double linkings is due to equilibria betw een s a tu ra te d m ois, a n d th o se
7 9 2 B R I T I S H C H E M IC A L A B S T R A C T S . A .
■with free valencies. A d d itio n to com pounds c o n ta in ing neighbouring double linkings in v a ria b ly occurs in such a m an n er t h a t a new c o n ju g ate d sy stem results.
A d d itio n in th e 1 : 2 po sitio n is ascribed to th e presence of mols. in w hich c o n ju g ated system s a re n o t p resen t b u t w hich c o n ta in th e ir electron-isom eric form s w ith free valencies in 1 : 2 position. H . W .
A b s o r p t i o n of l i g h t a n d c o n s t i t u t i o n . IV . A.
Bu r a w o y (B e r ., 1932, 6 5 , [2?], 947— 949; cf. A., 1931, 144 , 544, 1052).—A r e p ly to D ilth e y (A., 1931,
955). H . W .
R o t a t i o n a l s t r u c t u r e of t h e u l t r a - v i o l e t a b s o r p t i o n b a n d s of f o r m a ld e h y d e . G. H . Die k f. a n d G. B. Kis t i a k o w s k y (Proc. N a t. A cad. Sci., 1 9 3 2 ,1 8 , 367— 372).— R o ta tio n a l fine s tru c tu re of b an d s a t 3520, 3430, a n d 3390 A. w as in v estig ated , a n d m om ents of in e rtia in u p p e r a n d low er s ta te s are
deduced. A. B. D. C.
U l t r a - v i o l e t b a n d s o f f o r m a l d e h y d e a n d t h e i r p r e s e n c e i n t h e s o l a r s p e c t r u m . N . R . D h a r (Z. anorg. Chem ., 1932, 2 0 6 , 270— 272).— Some lines of th e ab so rp tio n sp e c tru m of CH .,0 v a p o u r c o rre
sp o n d w ith lines in th e so lar sp ectru m of w hich th e source has n o t h ith e rto been d eterm ined. E specially n o ta b le a re th o se b an d s of w hich th e stro n g e st p a rts of th e centra] m ax . a re a t 3035-8, 3088-7, 3143-4,
3170-4, a n d 3389-3 A . M. S. B.
A b s o r p t i o n o f u l t r a - v i o l e t l i g h t b y g ly o x a lin e a n d s o m e of i t s d e r i v a t i v e s . C. S. Hi c k s a n d H . F . Ho l d e n (A ustral. J . E x p . Biol., 1 9 3 2 ,1 0 , 49—
52).— G lyoxaline-4 : 5-dicarboxylic acid has a n a b so rp tio n b a n d a t ap p ro x . 251-0 m[x w hilst histid in e, glyoxaline, m ethylglyoxaline, a n d h istam in e hav e no bands b u t only increasing ab so rp tio n on ap p ro ach in g
th e region 220 ni[x. W . O. K .
U l t r a - v i o l e t a b s o r p t i o n s p e c t r u m o f h i s t i d i n e . F . El l in g e r (Biochem . Z., 1932, 2 4 8 , 437— 448; cf.
A., 1 9 2 9 ,9 8 ; 1 9 3 0 ,104S).— A n unknow n F e com pound (p ro b ab ly of p ro tein ) sensitises th e a b so rp tio n b y h istid in e h y d ro c h lo rid e of long u ltra -v io le t ra y s a n d p ro m o tes th e p ro d u ctio n of a histam ine-like su b stan ce.
FeC lj a c ts in th e sam e w ay b u t to a sm aller e x te n t.
T h e biological significance of th e resu lts is discussed.
W . M.
A t t e m p t a t c o - o r d i n a t i n g i n f r a - r e d a b s o r p t i o n b a n d s of s o m e r i n g h y d r o c a r b o n s . J . Le c o m t e
(C om pt. ren d ., 1932, 1 9 4 , 2037— 2040).— T he fre quencies of th e in fra-re d (X 6— 16 u) ab so rp tio n b an d s of C6H s, C7H 8, C8H 10, a n d C i0H s are classified in to several series expressed b y v =a-{-bn-{-c?i-, n being a n
in teg er. C. A. S.
I n t e n s i t y of i n f r a - r e d a b s o r p t i o n b a n d s . L . A.
Ma t h e s o n (P hysical R ev ., 1932, [ii], 4 0 , 813— 828).—
T he abs. in te n sitie s of in fra-re d a b so rp tio n bands in CO a n d a b a n d analysis -were o b ta in e d b y m easuring th e ab so rb ed energy d ire c tly b y th e vol. change in th e gas du e to th e h e a t ev o lu tio n in it. N . M. B.
A b s o r p t i o n s p e c t r u m o f w a t e r v a p o u r b e y o n d 1 0 ¡x. L. R . We b e r a n d H . M. Ra n d a l l (P h y sical R ev ., 1932, [ii], 4 0 , 835— 847).— U sing a new ty p e sp e c tro m e te r of hig h dispersion (cf. A ., 1931, 1387)
th e h ig h ly com plex sp e c tru m in th e region 10—25 ¡x
w as re-m easured. N . M. B.
C a b a n n e s - D a u r e e ffe c t a n d m o l e c u l a r field . A. Ro u s s e t (C om pt. ren d ., 1932, 1 9 4 , 2299—2301;
cf. A ., 1928, 1310; 1929, 752).— I t is show n th a t the in te n s ity of la te ra lly s c a tte re d lig h t depends on the a n iso tro p y a n d re fractiv e in d ex of th e liquid con
cerned, a n d t h a t d issy m m etry in th e C abannes-D aure effect is confined to anisotropic liquids. E xperim ental re su lts w ith C6H 6, A cO H , CC14, a n d E tO H are in
agreem en t. C. A. S.
I n t e n s i t y m e a s u r e m e n t s i n R a m a n s p e c tr a . A. Ca r r e l l i a n d J . J . We n t (Z. P h y sik , 1932, 76, 236— 249).— Q u an t, m easu rem en ts of th e intensity of R a m a n displacem ents m u st allow fo r th ese being b an d s, n o t lines, a n d each R a m a n b a n d has a ch arac
te ristic form . T h e degree of p o larisatio n is not co n st, th ro u g h o u t th e b an d . CC14 show ed no con
tin u o u s sp e ctru m , w h ilst CGH 6 d id so. A com parison of th e in te n sity of R a m a n b an d s a n d Rayleigh ra d ia tio n gave th e ra tio of th e sc a tte rin g mom ents of th e m ol. for displaced a n d undisplaced radiation.
A. B. D. C.
S c a t t e r i n g of l i g h t b y l i q u i d h e l i u m . J . C.
McLe n n a n, H . D . Sm i t h, a n d J . O. Wi l h e l m (Phil.
M ag., 1932, [vii], 1 4 , 161— 167).—-No R a m a n lines w ere observed w ith liq u id H e, b u t c e rta in H g lines h a d “ w ings,” in te rp re te d as d u e to ro ta tio n a l Ram an tra n sitio n s in loosely-bound H e mols. in th e liquid.
Surface ten sio n m easu rem en ts also in d icate associ
a tio n . H . J . E.
N 0 3 f r e q u e n c y i n o r g a n i c n i t r a t e s . A. 8.
Ga n e s a n a n d V. N . Th a t t e (N atu re, 1932, 129, 905).— T he c h a ra c teristic in a c tiv e freq u en cy a t 9-5 ¡i a p p e a rs as a R a m a n line in E tO H solutions of org.
n itra te s . R a m a n lines fo r MeNO.> are recorded.
L. S. T.
R a m a n e ffe c t o f p o l y a t o m i c m o le c u le s . J.
We i g l e (Arch. Sci. ph y s. n a t., 1932, 14, 82— 95).—A d escrip tiv e su rv ey of th e p rin cip le a n d som e applic
atio n s of th e phenom enon. N . M. B.
P o l a r i s a t i o n of R a m a n l i n e s i n c ry s ta ls . J . Ca b a n n e s (C om pt. ren d ., 1932, 1 9 4 , 2134— 2136;
cf. th is vol., 212).—I t is show n, w ith a crystal of ty p e C2h as exam ple, t h a t w hen th e v ib ratio n s of the in cid en t polarised ra y a re p arallel to a n axis of sy m m e try of th e c ry sta l d ep o larisatio n of light diffused p e rp e n d ic u la rly to th e in c id e n t ra y is zero for ra y s sy m m e trical re la tiv e to th e ax is of sym m etry, com plete fo r ra v s a n tisy m m e tric a l th e re to , or de
g en e rate (cf. A .,“1930, 397 ; 1931, 893). C. A. S.
R a m a n e ffe c t a n d m o l e c u l a r a n i s o t r o p y . J.
We i l e r (Phvsikal. Z., 1932, 33, 489— 498).—A
su m m a ry of w o rk on th e connexion betw een the w id th of th e p rim a ry lines a n d m ol. anisotropy.
A. J . M.
R a m a n b a n d s o f w a t e r . S. Ra f a l o v s k i (Bull.
A cad. Polonaise, 1931, A , 623— 628; cf. A., 1931, 1353).— D etails are given of re su lts described pre
viously. S u p p o rt is given to th e view t h a t R am an b an d s fo r H , 0 h av e a th reefo ld s tru c tu re .
J . W . S.
R a m a n s p e c t r a of a s e r i e s o f o c ta n o ls . G.
Co l l i n s (Physical R ev ., 1932, [ii], 40, 829—834).—
D ata are re p o rte d fo r 19 octanols differing only in th e relative p o sitio n of a Me a n d O H group along a chain of 7 C atom s, using H g >, 4358 as th e exciting line.
R esults a re in te rp re te d b y com parison w ith mol.
stru ctu re. N . M. B.
P o l a r i s a t i o n of R a m a n l in e s i n l i q u i d s . S.
Bh a g a v a n t a m (In d ia n J . P hysics, 1932, 7, 79—
86).— R e su lts a re re p o rte d fo r C^H,., CS2, H C 0»H , thiophen, CC14, SiCl4, TiCl4, a n d SnCl4. N . M. B.
R a m a n s p e c t r u m of q u in o lin e , a n d t h e c a r b o n - n itr o g e n l i n k i n g . G. B . Bo n i n o a n d P . Ce l l a
(Atti. R . A ccad. Lincei, 1932, [vi], 1 5 ,3 8 5 — 389).—The R am an sp e c tru m is described. A line a t 1433 cm .-1 is a ttr ib u te d to th e C!N linking, since a line of approx. th e sam e freq u en cy occurs also in th e spec
tru m of p y rid in e a n d various th io carb im id es. The double nucleus gives rise to a line a t 1375 cm .-1
H . F . G.
R a m a n s p e c t r a of p i p e r i d i n e , e th y l a lc o h o l, a n d a c e to n e . S. C. Si r k a r (In d ia n J . P hysics, 1932, 7, Cl— 78).— F u ll d a ta a n d com parisons w ith in fra red ab so rp tio n curves are re p o rted . P iperidine shows 14 new lines ; E tO H show s new lines a t 2709 and 2743 Â., a n d th e older line 925 of C 0M e2 is
corrected to 2689 cm .-1 N . M. B.
L a t e r a l r a d i a t i o n a n d th e n a t u r e o f th e c o l o u r in g s u b s t a n c e i n r o c k - s a l t . M. Ka h a n o w i c z (Z.
Physik, 1932, 76, 283—292).— A n in v estig atio n of the blue a n d v io let fluorescence of ro ck -sa lt revealed th a t th e e m itte d ra d ia tio n is id en tical w ith th e fluorescent b an d s of N a 2, a n d th e source of th e rock- salt em ission is im p u ritie s of sm all N a c ry sta ls;
tran sitio n from th e N a c ry stals to colloidal N a is accom panied b y change from fluorescence to R ayleigh
scattering. A. B. D . C.
E x t i n c t i o n c u r v e of s c i n t i l l a t i o n o f z in c s u l p h id e . J . St a l o n y- Da b r o w s k i (Rocz. Chem ., 1932, 12, 299— 310).— T h e d u ra tio n of sc in tillatio n of ZnS excited by a-p articles is 0-125 sec. ; th e m o st intense luminescence is e m itte d d u rin g th e first 0-00003 sec., during w hich 7 % of th e to ta l energ y is dissipated.
The lig h t in te n s ity th e n falls sh a rp ly to 19% of th e original v al., a fte r w hich it continues to dim inish progressively, a t first ra p id ly , a n d th e n m ore slowly.
R . T . ' R e la tio n b e tw e e n c e r t a i n t y p e s o f l u m i n e sc en c e. E . L . Nic h o l s a n d F . G. Wi c k (J. O pt.
Soc. A m er., 1932, 22, 357— 368).— E x p erim en ts in support of th e view t h a t in cando- a n d c a th o d o luminescence th e re is th e sam e process are described.
A. J . M.
L um in escen ce of g la s s and flu o rite. T. L y m a n (Physical R ev ., 1932, [ii], 4 0 , 578— 582). N . M. B.
P h osp h orescen t su lp h id e s : ex tin g u ish in g action of m e ta ls of th e iro n g ro u p . M. C u r i e a n d J. S a d d y (C om pt. re n d ., 1932, 1 9 4 , 2040—2042;
cf. this vol., 560).— T he a d d itio n , a t th e tim e of p rep., of small a m o u n ts of CoCl2, F eC l2, o r PbC l2 to a ph o s
phorescent ZnS causes larg e (Co), m oderate (Fe), or no (Pb) d im in u tio n in its co n d u ctiv ity a n d lu m in
escence. G. A. S.
E l e c t r o s t a t i c p o t e n t i a l of s o m e c u b ic c r y s t a l l a t t i c e s . T. S. Wh e e l e r (P hil. M ag., 1932, [vii], 14, 56— 66).— A m eth o d fo r calcu latin g th e electro
s ta tic p o te n tia l of a cubic la ttic e w ith reg ard to th e c e n tra l la ttic e p o in t is developed a n d applied.
H . J . E . D e p e n d e n c e of io n i s a t i o n n u m b e r o n f ie ld s t r e n g t h a n d th e m e a n “ i o n i s a t i o n f ie ld s t r e n g t h ” i n l i q u i d s . A. N i k u r a d s e (A nn. P h y sik, 1932, [v], 7, 851— S73).—M ean “ io nisation field s tre n g th ” depends on th e n a tu re of th e liquid.
A. J . M.
I o n i s a t i o n p h e n o m e n a i n b e n z e n e [ v a p o u r ] . E . Fr i e d l a n d e r a n d H . Ka l l m a n n (Z. physikal.
Chem., 1932, B , 17, 265— 275; cf. A., 1930, 514).—
T h e prin cip al in te n sity m ax im a in th e m ass sp e c tro g ra p h of CgH 6 v ap o u r b o m barded w ith electrons of v ariab le velocity correspond w ith th e ions C6H 6+, C8H 4+, a n d C2H 2+. O th er ions are form ed e ith er b y d ire c t ionisation of th e C6H G or from p ro d u cts of its th e rm a l decom p. T he ionisation voltages have been d eterm ined. B y collision w ith a gas mol. th e CgH 6+ ion m ay be dissociated in to C2H 4+ a n d a residue, o r C4H 2+ a n d a residue. R. C.
O u t e r p h o to - e le c tr ic e ffe c t f o r l i q u i d s . D e t e r m i n a t i o n of th e lo n g - w a v e l i m i t f o r w a t e r . P . Go r l ic h (Ann. P h ysik, 1932, [v], 7, 831— 850).— The long-w ave photo-electric lim its fo r H 20 a n d conc.
solutions of A g N 0 3, K 4Fe(C N )6, N a 2S 0 4, a n d NaCl w ere determ ined. T he val. for H 20 is 203— 204 m;i.
Solutions have th e sam e lim it as th e solvent. The sp ectral photo-electric d istrib u tio n for H 20 was also found. A n ab so rp tio n m ax. occurs a t 185 mji.
A. J . M.
P h o to - c e lls a n d l i g h t e le m e n t s . F . v o n Ko r o s y
a n d P . Se l e n y i (Aim. P h y sik , 1932, [v], 13, 703—
724).— E x p e rim en tal m ethods a re developed for d eterm in in g th e ch aracteristics of th e unidirectional lay er of a C u-C u20 photo-cell. W . R . A.
N a t u r e of e le c t r i c a l c o n d u c tiv ity of c u p r o u s o x id e . H . Du n w a l d an d C. Wa g n e r (Z. p hysikal.
Chem., 1932, B , 17, 467—470).— A t 800— 1000° an d u n d e r such 0 2 pressures th a t n e ith e r Cu n o r CuO can be p resen t as a second solid phase th e co n d u ctiv ity of Cu20 p lates, *, is ap p ro x . given by K = p 0l'ul. const.
T he therm o-e.m .f. P t|C u 20 has been m easured a t
900— 1000°. R . C.
B e c q u e r e l e ffe c t f o r c u p r o u s o x id e a s a b o u n d a r y l a y e r p h o to - e f f e c t. F . Wa i b e l (Z. P h y sik ,
1932, 76, 281—282). A. B. D. C.
D ie le c tr ic b e h a v i o u r of c o llo id a l p a r t i c l e s w i t h a n e le c tr ic d o u b le l a y e r . J . B. Mi l e s, ju n ., and H . P . Ro b e r t s o n (Physical R ev., 1932, [ii], 4 0 , 583—
591).— M athem atical. N . M. B.
D ie le c tr ic c o n s t a n t of n i t r o g e n u p t o 150 a t m o s p h e r e s a t 25°, 75°, a n d 125°. A. Mi c h e l s
an d C. Mi c h e l s (Phil. Mag., 1932, [vii], 13, 1192— 1196).—T he exp erim en tal d etails a n d re su lts are
recorded. H . J . E .
I n o r g a n i c h a lid e s a n d t h e i r m o l e c u l a r c o m p o u n d s . V I. D ip o le m o m e n t s o f t i t a n i u m a n d t i n t e t r a c h l o r i d e s . H . Ul i c h, E . He r t e l, an d W . Ne s p it a l (Z. physikal. Chem., 1932, B , 17, 369—
