View of Strażnik demokracji czy relikt przeszłości? Dyskusje nad zasadnością stosowania ciszy wyborczej

(1)

Political Preferences

Preferencje polityczne

7/2013

Redakcja naukowa:

0DULXV].ROF]\ĔVNL

Zbigniew Widera

Katowice 2013

(2)

63,675(ģ&,

:VWĊS ... 9

-DURVáDZ:LFKXUD8QLZHUV\WHWĝOąVNLZ.DWRZLFDFK3ROVND

%ORJLLQWHUQHWRZHSROLW\NyZDLGHQW\¿NDFMHSDUW\MQH ... 11

Marcin Zaborski 6]NRáD:\ĪV]D3V\FKRORJLL6SRáHF]QHMZ:DUV]DZLH3ROVND

6WUDĪQLNGHPRNUDFMLF]\UHOLNWSU]HV]áRĞFL"'\VNXVMHQDG]DVDGQRĞFLą VWRVRZDQLDFLV]\Z\ERUF]HM ... 25 ĩDQHWD.UDZF]\N$QWRĔVND 8QLZHUV\WHWĝOąVNLZ.DWRZLFDFK3ROVND .LQJD-DUXJD8QLZHUV\WHWĝOąVNLZ.DWRZLFDFK3ROVND '\OHPDW\LGRĞZLDGF]HQLDIXQNFMRQRZDQLDVHMPRZ\FKNRPLVMLĞOHGF]\FK Z3ROVFH ... 43 àXNDV]:RMWNRZVNL8QLZHUV\WHW0LNRáDMD.RSHUQLNDZ7RUXQLX3ROVND :L]HUXQHN*yUQHJRĝOąVNDLĝOą]DNyZZNDWHJRULDFKUR]ZRMXJRVSRGDUF]HJR LSUDFRZLWRĞFLDSRVWDZ\SROLW\F]QH3RODNyZ ... 59 =ELJQLHZ:LGHUD8QLZHUV\WHWĝOąVNLZ.DWRZLFDFK3ROVND .DGHQF\MQRĞüIXQNFMLSUH]\GHQWDPLDVWDEXUPLVWU]DZyMWDJPLQ\ZSRJOąGDFK HOHNWRUDWXSDUWLLSROLW\F]Q\FK ... 69 0DULXV].ROF]\ĔVNL 8QLZHUV\WHWĝOąVNLZ.DWRZLFDFK3ROVND 0DJGDOHQD)DUDFLN1RZDN 8QLZHUV\WHWĝOąVNLZ.DWRZLFDFK3ROVND 6DPRU]ąGQRĞüDSU]\QDOHĪQRĞüSDUW\MQD ... 81 0RQLND7URMDQRZVND6WU]ĊERV]HZVND8QLZHUV\WHW.DUG\QDáD6WHIDQD :\V]\ĔVNLHJRZ:DUV]DZLH3ROVND 3UDZRGRXG]LDáXZZ\ERUDFKQDV]F]HEOXORNDOQ\PMDNRIRUPDSDUW\F\SDFML SROLW\F]QHMLPLJUDQWyZ3ROVNDQDWOHLQQ\FKNUDMyZHXURSHMVNLFK ... 93 5DGD1DXNRZD

SURI GU KDE 5RPDQ %lFNHU 8QLZHUV\WHW 0LNRáDMD .RSHUQLND Z 7RUXQLX 3ROVND SURI GU KDE 7DGHXV] *RGOHZVNL 8QLZHUV\WHW 0LNRáDMD .RSHUQLND Z 7RUXQLX 3ROVND SURI GU KDE ,ZRQD -DNXERZVND%UDQLFND 8QLZHUV\WHW:DUV]DZVNL 3ROVND SURI GU KDE 6ODYRPLU 0DJiO 8QLZHUV\WHWĞZ&\U\ODL0HWRGHJRZ7UQDZLH6áRZDFMDSURIGUKDE-R]HI0DW~ã8QLZHUV\WHW ĞZ&\U\ODL0HWRGHJRZ7UQDZLH6áRZDFMDSURIGUKDE/LERU3DYHUD:\ĪV]D6]NRáD+DQGORZD 3UDJD&]HFK\SURIGUKDE'DQD3HWUDQRYi8QLZHUV\WHWĞZ&\U\ODL0HWRGHJRZ7UQDZLH 6áRZDFMDSURIGUKDE2OJD3URNRSHQNR6XPVNL8QLZHUV\WHW1DURGRZ\8NUDLQDSURIGUKDE 7HUHVD6DVLĔVND.ODV8QLZHUV\WHW-DJLHOORĔVNLZ.UDNRZLH3ROVNDSURIGUKDE-HU]\6LHOVNL 8QLZHUV\WHW6]F]HFLĔVNL3ROVNDGU0DUFMDQQD$XJXVW\Q8QLZHUV\WHWZ+XOO$QJOLD .ROHJLXPUHGDNF\MQH GU$JQLHV]ND7XUVND.DZDUHGDNWRUQDF]HOQD GUKDE5REHUW$OEHUVNLUHGDNWRUWHPDW\F]Q\V\VWHP\L]DFKRZDQLDZ\ERUF]H SURI80.GUKDE'DQXWD3OHFNDUHGDNWRUWHPDW\F]Q\LGHQW\¿NDFMHSROLW\F]QH GUKDEàXNDV]7RPF]DNUHGDNWRUWHPDW\F]Q\SDUWLHSROLW\F]QH GU=ELJQLHZ:LGHUDUHGDNWRUWHPDW\F]Q\PDUNHWLQJSROLW\F]Q\ GUKDE:DOGHPDU:RMWDVLNUHGDNWRUWHPDW\F]Q\V\VWHP\SDUW\MQH PJU3U]HP\VáDZ*U]RQNDUHGDNWRUVWDW\VW\F]Q\ PJU0DFLHM0DUPRODVHNUHWDU] Recenzenci w 2013 roku: SURIGUKDEďXGPLODýiE\RYi8QLZHUV\WHWĞZ&\U\ODL0HWRGHJRZ7UQDZLH6áRZDFMDSURI GUKDE1RUEHUW9UDEHF8QLZHUV\WHWĞZ&\U\ODL0HWRGHJRZ7UQDZLH6áRZDFMDSURIGUKDE .U]\V]WRI *DMGND 8QLZHUV\WHW (NRQRPLF]Q\ Z .DWRZLFDFK 3ROVND SURI GU KDE 7DGHXV] *RGOHZVNL8QLZHUV\WHW0LNRáDMD.RSHUQLNDZ7RUXQLX3ROVNDSURIGUKDE-DFHN:RMQLFNL 8QLZHUV\WHW :DUV]DZVNL 3ROVND SURI GU KDE 0LFKDá 6WU]HOHFNL 8QLZHUV\WHW 0LNRáDMD .RSHUQLNDZ7RUXQLX3ROVNDGUKDE'DULXV]6NU]\SLĔNL8QLZHUV\WHW:URFáDZVNL3ROVND 3URMHNWRNáDGNL -DURVáDZ:LFKXUD .RUHNWD 7HUHVD7RNDUF]\Nà\V]F]DU] :HUVMDSLHUZRWQDF]DVRSLVPDSDSLHURZD &HQWUXP,QQRZDFML7UDQVIHUX7HFKQRORJLLL5R]ZRMX)XQGDFMD8QLZHUV\WHWXĝOąVNLHJR Katowice 2013

3DWURQDW QDG SURMHNWHP VSUDZXMą 3ROVNLH 7RZDU]\VWZR 1DXN 3ROLW\F]Q\FK RUD] 7RZDU]\VWZR ,QLFMDW\Z1DXNRZ\FK :\GDZFąF]DVRSLVPDMHVW,QVW\WXW1DXN3ROLW\F]Q\FKL']LHQQLNDUVWZD8QLZHUV\WHWXĝOąVNLHJR RUD]&HQWUXP,QQRZDFML7UDQVIHUX7HFKQRORJLLL5R]ZRMX)XQGDFMD8QLZHUV\WHWXĝOąVNLHJR ,6%1 ,661; 'UXN 5(0$5ZZZUHPDUVRVQRZLHFSOHPDLOZ\GDZQLFWZR#UHPDUVRVQRZLHFSO

(3)

5(&(1=-( 2SROLWRORJLLZĞUyGSROLWRORJyZ,,2JyOQRSROVNL.RQJUHV3ROLWRORJLL 5HFHQ]MDĩDQHWD.UDZF]\N$QWRĔVND ... 115 $OHNVDQGUD6HNOHFND3ROLW\ND±PHGLD±PDQLSXODFMDPHGLDOQD3U]\SDGHN 3ROVNLSRURNX:\GDZQLFWZR$GDP0DUV]DáHN7RUXĔV 5HFHQ]MD.DWDU]\QD0LĊWNLHZLF] ... 122

Dorota Piontek.RPXQLNRZDQLHSROLW\F]QHLNXOWXUDSRSXODUQD 7DEORLG\]DFMDLQIRUPDFMLRSROLW\FH:\GDZQLFWZR1DXNRZH:13L' 8$03R]QDĔV 5HFHQ]MD2OJD:DGRZVND ... 125 &ODUD6KLK(UD)DFHERRND:\NRU]\VWDMVLHFLVSRáHF]QRĞFLRZHGRSURPRFML VSU]HGDĪ\LNRPXQLNDFML]7ZRLPLNOLHQWDPL:\GDZQLFWZR+HOLRQ*OLZLFH V 5HFHQ]MD0DJGDOHQD)DUDFLN1RZDN ... 130 6SLVWDEHOZ\NUHVyZLU\VXQNyZ ... 145 6XPPDULHV ... 149 Introduction ... 9 -DURVáDZ:LFKXUD8QLYHUVLW\RI6LOHVLD3RODQG 3ROLWLFLDQV,QWHUQHWEORJVDQGSROLWLFDOSUHIHUHQFHV ... 11

Marcin Zaborski 8QLYHUVLW\RI6RFLDO6FLHQFHVDQG+XPDQLWLHV3RODQG $QXSKROGHURIGHPRFUDF\RUDUHOLFRIWKHSDVW"$GHEDWHRQWKHYDOLGLW\RI HOHFWLRQVLOHQFHDSSOLFDWLRQ ... 25 ĩDQHWD.UDZF]\N$QWRĔVND.LQJD-DUXJD8QLYHUVLW\RI6LOHVLD3RODQG 'LOHPPDVDQGH[SHULHQFHVFRQFHUQLQJWKHIXQFWLRQLQJRISDUOLDPHQWDU\ FRPPLWWHHVRILQTXLU\LQ3RODQG ... 43 àXNDV]:RMWNRZVNL1LFRODXV&RSHUQLFXV8QLYHUVLW\3RODQG 7KHLPDJHRI8SSHU6LOHVLDDQGWKH6LOHVLDQVLQWKHFRQWH[WRIHFRQRPLF JURZWKDQGGLOLJHQFHDVRSSRVHGWRWKHSROLWLFDODWWLWXGHVRIWKH3ROHV ... 59 =ELJQLHZ:LGHUD 8QLYHUVLW\RI6LOHVLD3RODQG 7HQXUHRIWKHPD\RUSURYRVWYLOODJHPD\RULQWKHYLHZRIWKHSROLWLFDO SDUWLHVHOHFWRUDWH ... 69 0DULXV].ROF]\ĔVNL 8QLYHUVLW\RI6LOHVLD3RODQG 0DJGDOHQD)DUDFLN1RZDN8QLYHUVLW\RI6LOHVLD3RODQG 6HOIJRYHUQDQFHDQGWKHSROLWLFDODI¿OLDWLRQ ... 81 0RQLND7URMDQRZVND6WU]ĊERV]HZVND&DUGLQDO6WHIDQ:\V]\ĔVNL8QLYHUVLW\ 3RODQG 7KHULJKWWRSDUWLFLSDWHLQWKHHOHFWLRQVRQDORFDOOHYHODVDIRUP RISROLWLFDODFWLYLW\RILPPLJUDQWV3RODQGLQFRPSDULVRQZLWKRWKHU (XURSHDQFRXQWULHV ... 93

&217(176

(4)

5(9,(:6 $ERXWSROLWLFDOVFLHQFHDPRQJSROLWLFDOVFLHQWLVWV,,3ROLVK&RQJUHVVRI 3ROLWLFDO6FLHQFH 5HYLHZHUĩDQHWD.UDZF]\N$QWRĔVND ... 115 $OHNVDQGUD6HNOHFND3ROLWLFV±PHGLD±PHGLDPDQLSXODWLRQ7KHFDVHRI 3RODQGDIWHU:\GDZQLFWZR$GDP0DUV]DáHN7RUXĔV 5HYLHZHU.DWDU]\QD0LĊWNLHZLF] ... 122

Dorota Piontek3ROLWLFDO&RPPXQLFDWLRQDQG3RSXODU&XOWXUH

7DEORLGL]DWLRQRI,QIRUPDWLRQDERXW3ROLWLFV:\GDZQLFWZR1DXNRZH:13L' 8$03R]QDĔV 5HYLHZHU2OJD:DGRZVND ... 125 &ODUD6KLK7KH)DFHERRN(UD7DSSLQJ2QOLQH6RFLDO1HWZRUNVWR%XLOG %HWWHU3URGXFWV5HDFK1HZ$XGLHQFHVDQG6HOO0RUH6WXII:\GDZQLFWZR +HOLRQ*OLZLFHV 5HYLHZHU0DJGDOHQD)DUDFLN1RZDN ... 130 /LVWRIWDEOHVGLDJUDPVJUDSKV ... 145 6XPPDULHV ... 149

= VDW\VIDNFMą RGGDMHP\ GR UąN F]\WHOQLNyZ NROHMQ\ WRP F]DVRSLVPD Ä3ROLWLFDO 3UHIHUHQFHV´ SR UD] NROHMQ\ XGDáR VLĊ ]JURPDG]Lü RSUDFRZDQLD SRGVXPRZXMąFH EDGDQLD SURZDG]RQH SRG NRQLHF URNX NWyU\FK SU]HG PLRWHPE\á\UyĪQHDVSHNW\IXQNFMRQRZDQLDSROVNLHMGHPRNUDFML

3UH]HQWRZDQ\WRPVNáDGDVLĊ]VLHGPLXDUW\NXáyZHPSLU\F]Q\FKRUD] WU]HFKUHFHQ]ML]DZLHUDWDNĪHVSUDZR]GDQLH],,.RQJUHVX3ROLWRORJLLNWyU\ RGE\áVLĊZ3R]QDQLXZHZU]HĞQLXURNX

-DURVáDZ :LFKXUD Z VZRLP DUW\NXOH RGQRVL VLĊ GR UROL SHáQLRQHM

ZH ZVSyáF]HVQ\FK NDPSDQLDFK Z\ERUF]\FK SU]H] G]LDáDQLD SRGHMPRZDQH ]DSRĞUHGQLFWZHP,QWHUQHWX.RQFHQWUXMąFVZRMąXZDJĊQDEORJDFKSURZDG]RQ\FK SU]H]SROLW\NyZ$XWRUIRUPXáXMHZDĪQH±]DUyZQR]SHUVSHNW\Z\WHRULLNRPX QLNRZDQLDMDNLSUDNW\NLSROLW\F]QHM±ZQLRVNLGRW\F]ąFHVSRáHF]QHJRRGELRUX WHMIRUP\DNW\ZQRĞFLNDPSDQLMQHMMarcin ZaborskiSRGHMPXMHUR]ZDĪDQLDQD WHPDW]DVDGQRĞFLSU]\MĊW\FKZ3ROVFHUR]ZLą]DĔUHJXOXMąF\FK]DNUHVRERZLą]\ ZDQLDFLV]\Z\ERUF]HM]ZUDFDMąFXZDJĊQDV]HUHJZąWSOLZRĞFLV\JQDOL]RZD Q\FKSU]H]EDGDF]\LREVHUZDWRUyZSROVNLFKNDPSDQLLZ\ERUF]\FKRUD]XF]HVW QLNyZ U\ZDOL]DFML Z\ERUF]HM ĩDQHWD .UDZF]\N$QWRĔVND i .LQJD -DUXJD SRGVXPRZXMąGRĞZLDGF]HQLD]IXQNFMRQRZDQLDVHMPRZ\FKNRPLVMLĞOHGF]\FK ZVND]XMąFSRGVWDZRZHG\OHPDW\SROLW\F]QHLSUDNW\F]QHGRNRQXMą±Z\NRU]\ VWXMąFZ\QLNLEDGDĔ±FKDUDNWHU\VW\NLVSRáHF]QHMSHUFHSFMLG]LDáDQLDNROHMQ\FK NRPLVMLàXNDV]:RMWNRZLDNSU]HGVWDZLDDQDOL]ĊZ\QLNyZEDGDĔUHDOL]RZD Q\FKZUDPDFKSURMHNWXÄ9DGHPHFXPĝOąVN´RJQLVNXMąFVZRMHUHÀHNVMHZRNyá NZHVWLL NV]WDáWRZDQLD RUD] RGELRUX ZL]HUXQNX *yUQHJR ĝOąVND L ĝOą]DNyZ

=ELJQLHZ :LGHUD ]ZUDFD XZDJĊ QD LVWRWQą Z NRQWHNĞFLH ]EOLĪDMąF\FK VLĊ

Z\ERUyZVDPRU]ąGRZ\FKZURNXSUREOHPDW\NĊVSRáHF]Q\FKLSROLW\F] Q\FKQDSR]LRPLHORNDOQ\PNRQVHNZHQFMLSU]\MĊW\FKZ3ROVFHUR]ZLą]DĔGRW\ F]ąF\FKSUDZDGRSRZWDU]DOQHJRVSUDZRZDQLDIXQNFMLSUH]\GHQWDEXUPLVWU]D ZyMWD JPLQ\ .ZHVWLH ]ZLą]DQH ] Z\ERUDPL VDPRU]ąGRZ\PL Vą WDNĪH SU]HG PLRWHP UR]ZDĪDĔ 0DULXV]D .ROF]\ĔVNLHJR i 0DJGDOHQ\ )DUDFLN1RZDN

(5)

Ä3ROLWLFDO3UHIHUHQFHV´1R '2,P¿JVKDUH

0DUFLQ=DERUVNL

6]NRãD:\İV]D3V\FKRORJLL6SRãHF]QHM:DUV]DZD

675$į1,.'(02.5$&-,&=<5(/,.7

35=(6=â2ģ&,"'<6.86-(1$'=$6$'12ģ&,ć

67262:$1,$&,6=<:<%25&=(-Abstract:

$QXSKROGHURIGHPRFUDF\RUDUHOLFRIWKHSDVW"$GHEDWHRQWKHYDOLGLW\RI election silence application

7KHDUWLFOHIRFXVHVRQWKHLVVXHRIHOHFWLRQVLOHQFHWKHUDQJHRILWVDSSOL FDELOLW\DQGVLJQL¿FDQFHIRUWKH3ROLVKGHPRFUDWLFV\VWHP,WGHVFULEHVLQGHWDLO WKHOHJDOSHUVSHFWLYHRIWKHSKHQRPHQRQDWWKHVDPHWLPHLOOXVWUDWLQJLWVDFWXDO LPSDFWRQWKHIXQFWLRQLQJRISDUW\FRPSHWLWLRQDQGHOHFWRUDOGHFLVLRQPDNLQJ SURFHVV

7KH SULPDU\ JRDO RI WKLV SDSHU LV WR SUHVHQW WKH UHVXOWV RI HPSLULFDO VWXGLHV RQ WKH LPSRUWDQFH RI SUHHOHFWLRQ SROOV IRU WKH GHYHORSPHQW RI WKH DFWXDOVXSSRUWRIYRWHUV(PSLULFDOYHUL¿FDWLRQKDVEHHQDSSOLHGWRDWKHVLVZKLFK DVVXPHVWKDWWKHSXEOLFDWLRQRIRSLQLRQSROOVLQVXSSRUWRIFDQGLGDWHVRUSROLWLFDO SDUWLHVGXULQJHOHFWLRQFDPSDLJQVVKRXOGEHIRUELGGHQORQJHUWKDQMXVWGXULQJ HOHFWLRQ VLOHQFH7KH UHVXOWV ZHUH DOVR FRUUHODWHG ZLWK WKH GHFODUHG SROLWLFDO SUHIHUHQFHV RI WKH UHVSRQGHQWV ZKLFK DOORZHG WKH DXWKRU D PRUH GHWDLOHG DQDO\VLVRIWKHUHYHDOHGUHJXODULWLHV

Key words:

HOHFWRUDOVLOHQFHHOHFWLRQVXUYH\SROLWLFDOFDPSDLJQGHPRFUDF\YRWHUV 1LH MHVWHĞP\ Z VWDQLH MHGQR]QDF]QLH ± Z VSRVyE XQLZHUVDOQ\ ± ZVND]Dü FR NU\MH VLĊ SRG SRMĊFLHP ÄFLV]D Z\ERUF]D´ $QDOL]XMąF ]DSLV\ SUDZQH RERZLą]XMąFH Z F]ĊĞFL NUDMyZ GRMG]LHP\ GR ZQLRVNX ĪH FKRG]L R ]DND] DJLWDFML Z\ERUF]HM RERZLą]XMąF\ RG PRPHQWX UR]SRF]ĊFLD JáRVR ZDQLDGRFKZLOL]DPNQLĊFLDORNDOLZ\ERUF]\FK,VWQLHMHMHGQDNUyZQLHĪJUXSD SDĔVWZZNWyU\FK]DND]DJLWDFMLWRZDU]\V]ąFHMDNWRZLZ\ERUF]HPX]DF]\QD RERZLą]\ZDüMXĪNLONDNLONDQDĞFLHOXENLONDG]LHVLąWJRG]LQSU]HGSRF]ąWNLHP

(6)

^ƚƌĂǏŶŝŬĚĞŵŽŬƌĂĐũŝĐǌǇƌĞůŝŬƚƉƌǌĞƐǌųŽƑĐŝ͍ǇƐŬƵƐũĞŶĂĚǌĂƐĂĚŶŽƑĐŝČƐƚŽƐŽǁĂŶŝĂĐŝƐǌǇ͘͘͘

DĂƌĐŝŶĂďŽƌƐŬŝ

Z W\P ]DNUHVLH Z\UDĨQą JUDQLFĊ F]DVRZą =QDMGXMHP\Z QLP ERZLHP ]DSLV PyZLąF\RW\PĪHÄZGQLXJáRVRZDQLDRUD]QDJRG]LQ\SU]HGW\PGQLHP SURZDG]HQLHDJLWDFMLZW\P]ZRá\ZDQLH]JURPDG]HĔRUJDQL]RZDQLHSRFKRGyZ L PDQLIHVWDFML Z\JáDV]DQLH SU]HPyZLHĔ RUD] UR]SRZV]HFKQLDQLH PDWHULDáyZ Z\ERUF]\FKMHVW]DEURQLRQH´DUW:W\PVDP\PPLHMVFXXVWDZDRNUHĞOD UyZQLHĪĪHÄDJLWDFMDZ\ERUF]DZORNDOXZ\ERUF]\PRUD]QDWHUHQLHEXG\QNX ZNWyU\PWHQORNDOVLĊ]QDMGXMHMHVW]DEURQLRQD´7HQNWRQLHVWRVXMHVLĊGRW\FK ]DND]yZSRSHáQLDZ\NURF]HQLHLSRGOHJDNDU]HJU]\ZQ\DUW

'RSXV]F]RQ\PSU]H]XVWDZRGDZFĊZ\MąWNLHPRGW\FKRERVWU]HĔMHVW SXEOLNDFMD VSURVWRZDQLD RGSRZLHG]L OXE SU]HSURVLQ ]D ZF]HĞQLHMV]H UR]SR ZV]HFKQLDQLH PDWHULDáyZ Z\SRZLHG]L OXE LQQ\FK IRUP DJLWDFML Z\ERUF]HM ]DZLHUDMąF\FK QLHSUDZG]LZH LQIRUPDFMH DUW -HĪHOL ]DWHP VąG SURFH GXMąFZWU\ELHZ\ERUF]\PRU]HNQLHNRQLHF]QRĞüWDNLHMSXEOLNDFMLZSUDVLH UDGLXEąGĨWHOHZL]MLUHDOL]DFMDWHJRRU]HF]HQLDQLHEĊG]LHR]QDF]DáDQLHGR]ZR ORQHMDJLWDFMLLQDUXV]HQLDFLV]\Z\ERUF]HM .RGHNVRZHRJUDQLF]HQLDRGQRV]ąVLĊUyZQLHĪGRSXEOLNDFMLZ\QLNyZ EDGDĔRSLQLLSXEOLF]QHMGRW\F]ąF\FKSU]HZLG\ZDQ\FK]DFKRZDĔZ\ERUF]\FK LZ\QLNyZZ\ERUyZDWDNĪHZ\QLNyZVRQGDĪ\Z\ERUF]\FKSU]HSURZDG]DQ\FK ZGQLXJáRVRZDQLD=DND]SRGDZDQLDLFKGRSXEOLF]QHMZLDGRPRĞFL]DF]\QD RERZLą]\ZDü]DZV]HQDJRG]LQ\SU]HGGQLHPJáRVRZDQLDLQDOHĪ\JRSU]H VWU]HJDüDĪGR]DNRĔF]HQLDJáRVRZDQLDDUW9.RGHNVZ\ERUF]\]DZLHUD

UyZQLHĪ SU]HSLV\ RGQRV]ąFH VLĊ GR SU]\SDGNyZ QDUXV]DQLD FLV]\ Z\ERUF]HM SRSU]H] XMDZQLDQLH Z\QLNyZ EDGDĔ GHPRVNRSLMQ\FK 8VWDZD SU]HZLGXMH ERZLHPĪHWHQNWRURELWRZF]DVLHWUZDQLDFLV]\Z\ERUF]HMSRGOHJDNDU]H JU]\ZQ\NWyUHMZ\VRNRĞüPRĪHVLĊJDüRGSLĊFLXVHWW\VLĊF\GRPLOLRQD]áRW\FK DUW

JG\ SU]HSURZDG]RQH ]RVWDáR UHIHUHQGXP DNFHV\MQH GRW\F]ąFH ZVWąSLHQLD 3ROVNL GR8QLL(XURSHMVNLHM$E\UHIHUHQGXPE\áRZLąĪąFHPXVLDáDZ]LąüZQLPXG]LDáSRáRZD XSUDZQLRQ\FK 7\PF]DVHP SLHUZV]H QLHR¿FMDOQH GRQLHVLHQLD ZVND]\ZDá\ QD EDUG]R QLVNąIUHNZHQFMĊ3RSLHUZV]\PGQLXJáRVRZDQLD3.:SRGDáDĪHGRXUQSRV]áR]DOHGZLH SURFHQW XSUDZQLRQ\FK : GUXJLP GQLX JáRVRZDQLD SRMDZLDá\ VLĊ QLHR¿FMDOQH LQIRUPDFMH ĪH QD NLOND JRG]LQ SU]HG ]DNRĔF]HQLHP UHIHUHQGXP IUHNZHQFMD Z\QRVL ]DOHGZLHSURFHQW3RMDZLDá\VLĊZLĊFSUyE\QDPDZLDQLDGRJáRVRZDQLDNWyUHPRJá\ E\üRGELHUDQHMDNRQDUXV]HQLHFLV]\Z\ERUF]HM.RĔF]ąFZ\GDQLHWHOHZL]\MQHJRSURJUDPX 7HOHH[SUHVVG]LHQQLNDU]0DFLHM2UáRĞVWZLHUG]LáÄ0\WXJDGXJDGXDZUyEHONLüZLHUNDMą ĪHEUDNXMHQDPMHV]F]HNLONXSURFHQW´>3$3'HEDWD,63@

9 8VWDZDRNUHĞODĪHSU]HSLVWHQRERZLą]XMHQDWHU\WRULXP5]HF]\SRVSROLWHM3ROVNLHMFRPD LVWRWQH ]QDF]HQLH Z SU]\SDGNX 3RODNyZ SU]HE\ZDMąF\FK ]D JUDQLFą L ELRUąF\FK XG]LDá ZJáRVRZDQLDSR]DJUDQLFDPLNUDMX1LHMHGQRNURWQLHSRMDZLDá\VLĊERZLHPZąWSOLZRĞFL GRW\F]ąFHSU]HVWU]HJDQLDFLV]\Z\ERUF]HMZWDNLFKRNROLF]QRĞFLDFK

JáRVRZDQLDZ+RQGXUDVLHQDSU]\NáDGZSURZDG]RQRGQLRZ\RNUHVFLV]\ SU]HG Z\ERUDPL ] NROHL PLĊG]\ LQQ\PL Z %ROLZLL 0HNV\NX L 6DOZDGRU]H ± GQLRZ\ 6ą WHĪ NUDMH Z NWyU\FK ]DND]DQH ]RVWDáR W\ONR SRGDZDQLH GR SXEOLF]QHMZLDGRPRĞFLZ\QLNyZEDGDĔSURJQR]XMąF\FKUH]XOWDW\JáRVRZDQLD SU]HSURZDG]DQ\FKZORNDODFKZ\ERUF]\FK$OHE\ZDLWDNĪHFLV]DZ\ERUF]D REHMPXMH]DUyZQR]DND]DJLWDFMLMDNLSXEOLNRZDQLDVRQGDĪ\6ąWHĪZUHV]FLH NUDMHZNWyU\FKSUDZRGDZF\QLHVLĊJQĊOLGRĪDGQHJR]W\FKUR]ZLą]DĔLQLH XZ]JOĊGQLOL LQVW\WXFML FLV]\ Z\ERUF]HM Z V\VWHPLH SROLW\F]Q\P :V]ĊG]LH WDP MHGQDN JG]LH VLĊ QD WR ]GHF\GRZDQR LQWHQFMH WHJR NURNX Z\GDMą VLĊ SRGREQH3RMDZLDVLĊWXERZLHPRF]HNLZDQLHĪHUHJXODFMHRJUDQLF]DMąFHSROL W\F]QąDNW\ZQRĞüZGQLXZ\ERUyZF]\WHĪZRNUHVLHMHSRSU]HG]DMąF\PPDMą ZVSLHUDüRE\ZDWHOLZSRGHMPRZDQLXSU]H]QLFKGHF\]MLZ\ERUF]HM±ZZDUXQ NDFKVSRNRMXLZDWPRVIHU]HUR]ZDJL>:LV]RZDW\@

Cisza wyborcza w Polsce

2ERN .RQVW\WXFML 53 NWyUD RNUHĞOD UDP\ SURFHVyZ Z\ERUF]\FK NOXF]RZHPLHMVFHZĞUyGDNWyZUHJXOXMąF\FKWHQREV]DUZSROVNLPV\VWHPLH SUDZQ\P]DMPXMH8VWDZD]GQLDVW\F]QLDURNX±.RGHNVZ\ERUF]\ 2GQRVLVLĊ]DUyZQRGRZ\ERUyZSDUODPHQWDUQ\FKSUH]\GHQFNLFKVDPRU]ą GRZ\FKMDNLZ\ERUyZGR3DUODPHQWX(XURSHMVNLHJR&KRüQLH]QDMG]LHP\ Z W\P GRNXPHQFLH WHUPLQX µFLV]D Z\ERUF]D¶ XVWDZD VWDQRZL FHQQH ĨUyGáR LQIRUPDFMLQDWHPDWSRGHMPRZDQHJRSU]H]QDV]DJDGQLHQLD:VND]XMHUHJXá\ LWU\E]JáDV]DQLDNDQG\GDWyZSU]HSURZDG]DQLDRUD]ZDĪQRĞFLRGE\ZDMąF\FK VLĊZ3ROVFHZ\ERUyZ2NUHĞODZLĊFPLĊG]\LQQ\PLMDNLPL]DVDGDPLSRZLQQL NLHURZDüVLĊXF]HVWQLF\NROHMQ\FKNDPSDQLLZ\ERUF]\FK

= ZZ XVWDZ\ Z\QLND ĪH NDPSDQLD Z\ERUF]D Z 3ROVFHMHVW RNUHVHP NWyU\UR]SRF]\QDVLĊ]GQLHPRJáRV]HQLDSU]H]RGSRZLHGQLRUJDQDNWXR]DU]ą G]HQLXZ\ERUyZDNRĔF]\VLĊQDJRG]LQ\SU]HGGQLHPJáRVRZDQLDDUW :W\PZáDĞQLHF]DVLHPRĪOLZHMHVWSURZDG]HQLHDJLWDFMLZ\ERUF]HMF]\OLQDNáD QLDQLH OXE ]DFKĊFDQLH GR JáRVRZDQLD Z RNUHĞORQ\ VSRVyE OXE QD NDQG\GDWD RNUHĞORQHJRNRPLWHWXZ\ERUF]HJRDUW3yĨQLHMQDVWĊSXMHRNUHVSRWRF]QLH RSLV\ZDQ\]DSRPRFą]ZURWXµFLV]DZ\ERUF]D¶8.RGHNVZ\ERUF]\Z\]QDF]D

8 2 LOH Z SU]\SDGNX NDPSDQLL Z\ERUF]HM L Z\ERUyZ PyZLP\ R ÄFLV]\ Z\ERUF]HM´ R W\OH Z RGQLHVLHQLX GR NDPSDQLL SRSU]HG]DMąF\FK UHIHUHQGD XĪ\ZDP\ SRMĊFLD ÄFLV]D UHIHUHQGDOQD´ : W\P SU]\SDGNX PDP\ QD P\ĞOL RNUHV EH]SRĞUHGQLR SRSU]HG]DMąF\ JáRVRZDQLH UHIHUHQGDOQH RUD] REHMPXMąF\ G]LHĔ JáRVRZDQLD GR PRPHQWX ]DNRĔF]HQLD RGGDZDQLDJáRVyZ-DNRGQRWRZXMą%DUWáRPLHM0LFKDODNL$QQD)U\GU\FK±ÄLQVW\WXFMDFLV]\ UHIHUHQGDOQHMQLHPDGH¿QLFMLOHJDOQHMDOHMHVWSRMĊFLHPµGRUR]XPLDQ\P¶Z\SURZDG]RQ\P ]DQDOL]\SU]HSLVyZSRĞZLĊFRQ\FK]DVDGRPLWHUPLQRPZMDNLFKSURZDG]LVLĊNDPSDQLĊ UHIHUHQGDOQą´ >0LFKDODN )U\GU\FK @ -HGHQ ] QDMFLHNDZV]\FK SU]\NáDGyZ ZąWSOLZRĞFLGRW\F]ąF\FKSU]HVWU]HJDQLDFLV]\UHIHUHQGDOQHMVWDQRZLąZ\GDU]HQLD]URNX

(7)

^ƚƌĂǏŶŝŬĚĞŵŽŬƌĂĐũŝĐǌǇƌĞůŝŬƚƉƌǌĞƐǌųŽƑĐŝ͍ǇƐŬƵƐũĞŶĂĚǌĂƐĂĚŶŽƑĐŝČƐƚŽƐŽǁĂŶŝĂĐŝƐǌǇ͘͘͘ DĂƌĐŝŶĂďŽƌƐŬŝ GODPHGLyZDOERZLHP3.:VWZLHUG]LáDLĪÄSU]HGVWDZLDQLHSU]H]ĞURGNLPDVR ZHJRSU]HND]XW\FKZ\GDU]HĔQDZHW]XG]LDáHPZQLFKRVyENDQG\GXMąF\FK QDXU]ąG3UH]\GHQWD5]HF]\SRVSROLWHMQLHPRĪHE\üX]QDZDQH]DQDUXV]DMąFH µFLV]ĊZ\ERUF]ą¶MHĪHOLSU]HND]RJUDQLF]\VLĊGREH]SRĞUHGQLHMUHODFML]Z\GD U]HQLDEH]NRPHQWDU]DFRGRNDQG\GDWDLMHJRREHFQRĞFL>:\MDĞQLHQLDLQIRU PDFMHRSLQLH@ :LQQ\PPLHMVFX3DĔVWZRZD.RPLVMD:\ERUF]DZ\MDĞQLDáDĪHZGQLX Z\ERUyZ PHGLD PRJą LQIRUPRZDü R LFK SU]HELHJX RUD] SRND]\ZDü JáRVX MąF\FK NDQG\GDWyZ L QLH VWDQRZL WR ± Z P\ĞO RERZLą]XMąF\FK SU]HSLVyZ ± QDUXV]HQLDFLV]\Z\ERUF]HM&RZLĊFHM±ÄGRSXV]F]DOQHMHVWWDNĪHSUH]HQWR ZDQLHRVyE]DFKĊFDMąF\FKGRXG]LDáXZZ\ERUDFK-HGQDNĪHZ\SRZLHG]LW\FK RVyE QLH PRJą ]DZLHUDü ĪDGQ\FK HOHPHQWyZ DJLWDFML QD U]HF] NDQG\GDWyZ´

[:\MDĞQLHQLD3DĔVWZRZHM.RPLVML:\ERUF]HM]GQLDF]HUZFDU@,WDN QDSU]\NáDGZGQLXZ\ERUyZSUH]\GHQFNLFKZ\SRZLHG]L]DFKĊFDMąF\FKGR JáRVRZDQLDQLHSRZLQQLXG]LHODüNDQG\GDFLQD3UH]\GHQWD53DQLRVRE\NWyUH ZFKRG]ąZVNáDGLFKV]WDEyZZ\ERUF]\FKOXEWHĪVąSRZV]HFKQLHNRMDU]RQH ]SRV]F]HJyOQ\PLNDQG\GDWDPL&KRG]LRWRE\]DSRELHFV\WXDFMLZNWyUHM XSXEOLF]QLRQDSU]H]PHGLDZ\SRZLHGĨNDQG\GDWDOXEMHJRZVSyáSUDFRZQLND PRJáDE\E\üRGHEUDQDMDNRÄQLHGR]ZRORQDPRELOL]DFMDHOHNWRUDWXWHJRNDQG\ GDWD´>:\MDĞQLHQLD3DĔVWZRZHM.RPLVML:\ERUF]HM]GQLDF]HUZFDU@ 3RGREQHM ZUDĪOLZRĞFL 3.: RF]HNXMH RG PHGLyZ Z NRQWHNĞFLH SRGDZDQLD LQIRUPDFMLQDWHPDWNDQG\GDWyZXELHJDMąF\FKVLĊRVWDQRZLVNRJáRZ\SDĔVWZD 2WyĪ Z RNUHVLH FLV]\ Z\ERUF]HM ĞURGNL PDVRZHJR SU]HND]X PRJą SU]HND ]\ZDüLQIRUPDFMHQDLFKWHPDWDOHPXV]ąRQHSUH]HQWRZDüZWHQVDPVSRVyE ZV]\VWNLFK NDQG\GDWyZ &R ZDĪQH ± SU]HND]\ WH PRJą REHMPRZDü MHG\QLH WH GDQH NWyUH ]RVWDá\ ]DPLHV]F]RQH Z REZLHV]F]HQLX 3DĔVWZRZHM .RPLVML :\ERUF]HM R NDQG\GDWDFK QD 3UH]\GHQWD 5]HF]\SRVSROLWHM 3ROVNLHM ]QDMGX MąF\P VLĊ Z NDĪG\P ORNDOX Z\ERUF]\P >:\MDĞQLHQLD 3DĔVWZRZHM .RPLVML

:\ERUF]HM]GQLDF]HUZFDU@

: VZRLFK Z\MDĞQLHQLDFK 3.: RGQLRVáD VLĊ UyZQLHĪ GR SUREOHPX SURZDG]HQLD DJLWDFML Z\ERUF]HM ]D SRPRFą ,QWHUQHWX =DUHDJRZDáD Z WHQ VSRVyEPLĊG]\LQQ\PLQDSRSXODUQRĞüSRUWDOLVSRáHF]QRĞFLRZ\FKLLFKURVQąFą UROĊ Z SURZDG]HQLX NDPSDQLL SROLW\F]Q\FK .RPLVMD SRGNUHĞODáD ZLĊF ĪH Ä]DND]SURZDG]HQLDNDPSDQLLZ\ERUF]HMZRNUHVLHW]ZFLV]\Z\ERUF]HMREHM PXMH UyZQLHĪ ZV]HONą DNW\ZQRĞü Z ,QWHUQHFLH´ >:\MDĞQLHQLD 3DĔVWZRZHM

.RPLVML :\ERUF]HM ] GQLD F]HUZFD U@ =DSLV WHQ QDOHĪ\ UR]XPLHü

ZWHQVSRVyELĪZV]HONLHLQIRUPDFMHWDNĪHWHRFKDUDNWHU]HDJLWDF\MQ\PNWyUH VSRVyE SU]HGVWDZLFLHOH ZáDG] EĊGą SRMDZLDOL VLĊ QD R¿FMDOQ\FK REFKRGDFK ĝZLĊWD 1LHSRGOHJáRĞFL:NRPHQWDU]DFKSU]HNRQ\ZDQRĪHWDNLXNáDGNDOHQGDU]DZ\ERUF]HJRVWDQLH VLĊ VSUDZG]LDQHP ] RGSRZLHG]LDOQRĞFL GOD SROLW\NyZ XF]HVWQLF]ąF\FK Z PDQLIHVWDFMDFK ZLHFDFKLLQQ\FKZ\GDU]HQLDFK]ZLą]DQ\FK]HĞZLĊWHP>:\ERU\EH]FLV]\ @

3.:MDNRVWUDĪQLNFLV]\

3RMDZLDMąFH VLĊ ZąWSOLZRĞFL GRW\F]ąFH ]DNUHVX RERZLą]\ZDQLD FLV]\ Z\ERUF]HMOXESRGHMU]HQLDMHMQLHSU]HVWU]HJDQLDUR]VWU]\JD3DĔVWZRZD.RPLVMD :\ERUF]D , WDN QD SU]\NáDG Z\ERU\ SUH]\GHQFNLH Z URNX SU]\QLRVá\ S\WDQLHRWRF]\ZF]DVLHWUZDQLDWDN]ZDQHMFLV]\Z\ERUF]HMGRSXV]F]DOQHMHVW RUJDQL]RZDQLHLPSUH]RNROLF]QRĞFLRZ\FKWDNLFKMDNDUW\VW\F]QRUR]U\ZNRZH VSRUWRZH F]\ UHNUHDF\MQH 3.: VWDQĊáD ZyZF]DV QD VWDQRZLVNX ĪH Ä]DND] ]ZRá\ZDQLD]JURPDG]HĔRUJDQL]RZDQLDSRFKRGyZZ\JáDV]DQLDSU]HPyZLHĔ QLH GRW\F]\ LPSUH] R FKDUDNWHU]H NXOWXUDOQ\P VSRUWRZ\P UHOLJLMQ\P RUD] LQQ\FKQLHPDMąF\FKFKDUDNWHUXDJLWDFMLZ\ERUF]HM´1LFQLHVWRLZLĊFQDSU]H V]NRG]LHE\ZG]LHĔZ\ERUyZ±F]\WHĪZG]LHĔSRSU]HG]DMąF\JáRVRZDQLH± RUJDQL]RZDüWDNLHLPSUH]\MHĞOLQLHPDMąFKDUDNWHUXSROLW\F]QHJRLQLH]DZLH UDMą ĪDGQ\FK HOHPHQWyZ DJLWDF\MQ\FK FKRG]L ]DUyZQR R DJLWDFMĊ QD U]HF] GDQHJRNDQG\GDWDMDNLSU]HFLZNRNWyUHPXĞ]NDQG\GDWyZ.RPLVMDRGQRWR ZDáDMHGQRF]HĞQLHĪHJG\E\ZF]DVLHW\FKLPSUH]SRGDZDQHE\á\LQIRUPDFMH R NRPLWHWDFK Z\ERUF]\FK OXE R SRV]F]HJyOQ\FK NDQG\GDWDFK PRJáRE\ WR URG]Lü]DU]XW\RSURZDG]HQLX]DEURQLRQHMSU]HSLVDPLSUDZDDJLWDFML1LHPRĪH E\ü ZLĊF Z WDNLFK SU]\SDGNDFK PRZ\ R Z\JáDV]DQLX SU]HPyZLHĔ SU]H] NDQG\GDWyZOXESU]HGVWDZLFLHOLNRPLWHWyZZ\ERUF]\FKMDNUyZQLHĪRNROSRU WRZDQLX XORWHN F]\ UR]SRZV]HFKQLDQLX Z LQQ\ VSRVyE PDWHULDáyZ DJLWDF\M Q\FK QD SU]\NáDG SURJUDPX Z\ERUF]HJR >:\MDĞQLHQLD 3DĔVWZRZHM .RPLVML

:\ERUF]HM GRW\F]ąFH RUJDQL]DFML LPSUH] RNROLF]QRĞFLRZ\FK«@10 2SLQLD WD

NRUHVSRQGXMH]Z\UDĪRQ\PZLQQ\PPLHMVFXVWDQRZLVNLHPRGQRV]ąF\PVLĊ GRFLV]\Z\ERUF]HM]JRGQLH]NWyU\PÄSRGF]DVGR]ZRORQ\FKZW\PRNUHVLH ]JURPDG]HĔ DNFML FKDU\WDW\ZQ\FK LPSUH] NXOWXUDOQ\FK VSRUWRZ\FK LWS RUD]VSRWNDĔUHOLJLMQ\FKDWDNĪHZ\GDU]HĔRFKDUDNWHU]HSDĔVWZRZ\PZW\P ] XG]LDáHP JRĞFL ]DJUDQLF]Q\FK QLH PRJą PLHü PLHMVFD ]GDU]HQLD L IDNW\ QRV]ąFH]QDPLRQDDJLWDFMLZ\ERUF]HM´11=QDMGXMHP\WXUyZQLHĪZVND]yZNĊ

10 3U]\ RND]ML Z\ERUyZ SDUODPHQWDUQ\FK Z URNX 3.: UR]VWU]\JDáD PLĊG]\ LQQ\PL ZąWSOLZRĞFLGRW\F]ąFHPDWHULDáyZZ\ERUF]\FK2LOHERZLHP]DND]UR]ZLHV]DQLDSODNDWyZ LELOOERDUGyZUR]GDZDQLDXORWHNRUJDQL]RZDQLDZLHFyZF]\HPLVMLVSRWyZUDGLRZ\FKOXE WHOHZL]\MQ\FKQLHURG]LáS\WDĔRW\OHSUREOHPDW\F]QDVWDáDVLĊNZHVWLDDJLWDFMLUXFKRPHM F]\OLQDSU]\NáDGXPLHV]F]DQLDZL]HUXQNXNDQG\GDWyZQDVDPRFKRGDFKDXWRNDUDFKF]\ SRMD]GDFK NRPXQLNDFML PLHMVNLHM 3DĔVWZRZD .RPLVMD :\ERUF]D Z\MDĞQLDáD ZyZF]DV ĪH ÄQD JRG]LQ\ SU]HG GQLHP Z\ERUyZ L Z GQLX Z\ERUyZ SU]HPLHV]F]DQLH VLĊ SRMD]GyZ Z W\P SRMD]GyZ NRPXQLNDFML PLHMVNLHM QD NWyU\FK XPLHV]F]RQR Z\ERUF]H PDWHULDá\ DJLWDF\MQH WUDNWRZDQH MHVW MDNR DNW\ZQD IRUPD DJLWDFML L QDUXV]HQLH ]DND]X SURZDG]HQLDNDPSDQLLZ\ERUF]HM´>=DZLáH]DVDG\FLV]\@6WąGZQLRVHNĪHWDNLHSRMD]G\ QLHPRJąVLĊSRUXV]DüZF]DVLHRERZLą]\ZDQLDFLV]\Z\ERUF]HM

11 3UREOHPWHQPRĪQDE\áR]DREVHUZRZDüQDSU]\NáDGZNRQWHNĞFLHZ\ERUyZVDPRU]ąGRZ\FK ZURNXNWyU\FKWHUPLQ]RVWDáZ\]QDF]RQ\QDOLVWRSDGD=ZUDFDQRZyZF]DVXZDJĊ ĪHRNUHVFLV]\Z\ERUF]HMEĊG]LHREHMPRZDáOLVWRSDGDF]\OLG]LHĔZNWyU\PZQDWXUDOQ\

(8)

QD RNUHV FLV]\ SU]HG Z\ERUDPL SDUODPHQWDUQ\PL 'R WDNLHM V\WXDFML GRV]áR ZURNX:GQLXZNWyU\P]DND]DQDE\áDMXĪDJLWDFMD]ZLą]DQD]SROL W\F]Q\P Z\ĞFLJLHP GR 6HMPX L 6HQDWX IRUPDOQLH UR]SRF]\QDáD VLĊ UDGLRZR WHOHZL]\MQDNDPSDQLDSUH]\GHQFND3URPXMąF]DWHPNDQG\GDWDQDQDMZ\ĪV]\ XU]ąGZSDĔVWZLHPRĪQDE\áR]\VNDüMHV]F]HSHZQąOLF]EĊJáRVyZZZ\ERUDFK SDUODPHQWDUQ\FK-DNRĪHV\WXDFMDE\áDQLHMHGQR]QDF]QDLEXG]LáDZąWSOLZRĞFL NRPLVMDZ\VWRVRZDáDDSHOQLHPRJáDZ\GDüIRUPDOQHJR]DND]XSU]HGVWDZLDMąF QDVWĊSXMąFą DUJXPHQWDFMĊ Ä: LPLĊ ]DFKRZDQLD MDVQ\FK UHJXá JU\ Z\ERUF]HM LGREU]HSRMĊWHMNXOWXU\SROLW\F]QHM3.:]ZUDFDVLĊRUH]\JQDFMĊ]SURZDG]HQLD NDPSDQLLZ\ERUF]HMSRGF]DVFLV]\´>3UDZLH]XSHáQLH@

:ĞUyG R¿FMDOQ\FK RSLQLL Z\UDĪDQ\FK SU]H] 3DĔVWZRZą .RPLVMĊ :\ERUF]ą]QDMGXMąVLĊLWDNLHNWyUHZVND]XMąJUDQLFHGRSXV]F]DOQ\FK]DFKRZDĔ F]áRQNyZNRPLVMLZ\ERUF]\FKZGQLXJáRVRZDQLD3.:]RVWDáDERZLHP]DS\ WDQDRWRF]\F]áRQNRZLHNRPLVMLREZRGRZ\FKPRJąZF]DVLHZ\NRQ\ZDQLD F]\QQRĞFL Z ORNDODFK Z\ERUF]\FK QRVLü VWURMH NWyUH QDZLą]XMą GR V\PEROL UHSUH]HQWRZDQHMSU]H]QLFKSDUWLLSROLW\F]QHMSU]\NáDGHPPRJąE\üFKDUDN WHU\VW\F]QHELDáRF]HUZRQHNUDZDW\XĪ\ZDQHSU]HGODW\SU]H]F]áRQNyZSDUWLL 6DPRREURQD 53 3DĔVWZRZD .RPLVMD :\ERUF]D MHGQR]QDF]QLH ZyZF]DV RGSRZLHG]LDáD ĪH F]áRQNRZLH NRPLVML Z\ERUF]\FK SRGREQLH MDN PĊĪRZLH ]DXIDQLDMDNRIXQNFMRQDULXV]HSXEOLF]QLQLHPRJąHNVSRQRZDüVZRMHMSU]\ QDOHĪQRĞFLSDUW\MQHM'RW\F]\WR]DUyZQRLFK]DFKRZDQLDMDNLVWURMX-HĞOLE\ ZLĊFXĪ\ZDOLHOHPHQWyZXELRUXNWyUHVąSRZV]HFKQLHNRMDU]RQH]NRQNUHWQ\P XJUXSRZDQLHP SROLW\F]Q\P GRSXĞFLOLE\ VLĊ QDUXV]HQLD FLV]\ Z\ERUF]HM LSURZDG]HQLD]DND]DQHMSUDZHPDJLWDFML7\PF]DVHP±MDNSRGNUHĞOD3.:± ÄF]áRQNyZNRPLVMLZ\ERUF]\FKRERZLą]XMHEH]Z]JOĊGQ\]DND]SURZDG]HQLD NDPSDQLLZ\ERUF]HM«]DND]DQHMHVWWDNĪHNDĪGHPXSURZDG]HQLHZV]HONLFK IRUPDJLWDFMLZORNDOXZ\ERUF]\PRUD]QDWHUHQLHEXG\QNXZNWyU\PWHQORNDO VLĊ]QDMGXMH´>:\MDĞQLHQLH3DĔVWZRZHM.RPLVML:\ERUF]HM]GQLDF]HUZFD U@14_.

14 :ĞUyG ZąWSOLZRĞFL NWyUH UR]VWU]\JDü PXVLDáD 3DĔVWZRZD .RPLVMD :\ERUF]D PRĪQD ]QDOHĨü L WDNLH NWyUH RGQRV]ą VLĊ GR DUJXPHQWyZ ]XSHáQLH LQQHM QDWXU\ : URNX SRMDZLáR VLĊ QD SU]\NáDG S\WDQLH F]\ FLV]Ċ Z\ERUF]ą QDUXV]D ]DSODQRZDQ\ QD G]LHĔ Z\ERUyZSRND]¿OPX2GZyFKWDNLFKFRXNUDGOLNVLĊĪ\F:ąWSOLZRĞFLZ]LĊá\VLĊVWąG ĪH Z ¿OPLH QDNUĊFRQ\P Z URNX QD SRGVWDZLH SRZLHĞFL .RUQHOD 0DNXV]\ĔVNLHJR ]DJUDOL /HFK L -DURVáDZ .DF]\ĔVNL :FLHOLOL VLĊ Z ERKDWHUyZ NWyU\FK DXWRU RSLVDá ZQDVWĊSXMąF\VSRVyEÄFKáRSF\ĨOLLEH]VHUFDNWyU]\QLJG\QLNRPXQLHSRPRJOLDNDĪGHPX GRNXF]\OL]NDĪG\PV]XNDOL]ZDG\LSRZRGXGREyMNL´1LHNWyU]\GRV]XNLZDOLVLĊZW\FK VáRZDFK DOX]ML GR DNWXDOQ\FK Z\GDU]HĔ SROLW\F]Q\FK MHGQDN V]HI 3.: Z\URNRZDá ĪH QLHPDZW\PSU]\SDGNXPRZ\RDJLWDFMLZ\ERUF]HM-DNVWZLHUG]Lá±JG\E\HPLVMĊ¿OPX X]QDü]D]áDPDQLHFLV]\Z\ERUF]HMSRGREQLHQDOHĪDáRE\RGQLHĞüVLĊGRSUH]HQWRZDQ\FK ZWHOHZL]ML¿OPyZDQLPRZDQ\FKRSRZLDGDMąF\FKORV\.DF]RUD'RQDOGDZNWyU\FKPRĪQD E\VLĊGRV]XNDüDOX]MLGRLQQHJRSROLW\ND±'RQDOGD7XVND>2GZyFKWDNLFK«@ ]RVWDá\]DPLHV]F]RQHQDVWURQDFKLQWHUQHWRZ\FKZWRNXNDPSDQLLZ\ERUF]HM PRJąQDQLFKSR]RVWDZDüWDNĪHZF]DVLHWUZDQLDZ\ERUyZ1LHGRSXV]F]DOQH MHVW QDWRPLDVW GRGDZDQLH SRGF]DV FLV]\ Z\ERUF]HM QRZ\FK ZSLVyZ QDNáD QLDMąF\FK GR RGGDQLD JáRVX QD U]HF] NRQNUHWQHJR NDQG\GDWD12 1LH PRĪQD UyZQLHĪZW\PF]DVLHSXEOLNRZDüZ\QLNyZEDGDĔVRQGDĪRZ\FK±QLHW\ONR GRW\F]ąF\FKV]DQVSRV]F]HJyOQ\FKNDQG\GDWyZDOHWHĪV]DFRZDQHMIUHNZHQFML Z\ERUF]HM:GQLXZ\ERUyZLVWQLHMHQDWRPLDVWPRĪOLZRĞüSRGDZDQLDLQIRU PDFMLRF]ąVWNRZHMIUHNZHQFMLNWyUą3DĔVWZRZD.RPLVMD:\ERUF]DXVWDODQD SRGVWDZLHGDQ\FKSU]HND]\ZDQ\FKMHMSU]H]NRPLVMHREZRGRZH>:\MDĞQLHQLD 3DĔVWZRZHM.RPLVML:\ERUF]HM]GQLDF]HUZFDU@ 3\WDQLDNLHURZDQHGR3.:GRW\F]\á\UyZQLHĪWHUPLQXRERZLą]\ZDQLD ÄFLV]\ Z\ERUF]HM´ Z SU]\SDGNX SU]HGáXĪHQLD JáRVRZDQLD &KRG]L R V\WX DFMĊZNWyUHMQDVWĊSXMHSU]HVXQLĊFLHJRG]LQ\]DPNQLĊFLDORNDOLZ\ERUF]\FK ± OXE FKRüE\ MHGQHJR ORNDOX Z\ERUF]HJR ± FR ]GDU]DáR VLĊ GRWąG Z F]DVLH Z\ERUyZ]UyĪQ\FKSU]\F]\Q3RMDZLDáDVLĊZyZF]DVZąWSOLZRĞüRGNLHG\ PRĪQD XMDZQLDü Z\QLNL EDGDĔ RSLQLL SXEOLF]QHM SU]HSURZDG]DQ\FK Z ORND ODFKZ\ERUF]\FKLSURJQR]XMąF\FKHIHNW\Z\ERUF]HMU\ZDOL]DFML3DĔVWZRZD .RPLVMD:\ERUF]DX]QDáDĪHÄZSU]\SDGNXJG\E\JáRVRZDQLHZNWyU\PNRO ZLHNREZRG]LHJáRVRZDQLDQDWHUHQLHNUDMX]RVWDáRSU]HGáXĪRQHOXERGURF]RQH «]DND]SURZDG]HQLDNDPSDQLLZ\ERUF]HMSXEOLNRZDQLDVRQGDĪ\Z\ERU F]\FK RUD] SURZDG]HQLD DJLWDFML Z\ERUF]HM EĊG]LH RERZLą]\ZDá GR QDMSyĨ QLHMV]HMJRG]LQ\GRNWyUHMSU]HGáXĪRQRJáRVRZDQLH´>:\MDĞQLHQLH3DĔVWZRZHM .RPLVML:\ERUF]HM]GQLDSDĨG]LHUQLNDU@13 3DĔVWZRZD.RPLVMD:\ERUF]DGRNRQ\ZDáDUyZQLHĪLQWHUSUHWDFMLSU]\ SDGNXGRW\F]ąFHJRQDáRĪHQLDVLĊNDPSDQLLSRSU]HG]DMąFHMZ\ERU\SUH]\GHQFNLH 12 2GUĊEQ\PSUREOHPHPSR]RVWDMHNZHVWLDRGSRZLHG]LDOQRĞFL]DZSLV\]DPLHV]F]DQHSU]H] LQWHUQDXWyZQDSRUWDODFKVSRáHF]QRĞFLRZ\FKF]\EORJDFK=MHGQHMVWURQ\SU]HSLV\Z\áąF]DMą RGSRZLHG]LDOQRĞü DGPLQLVWUDWRUD VWURQ\ LQWHUQHWRZHM GR FKZLOL Z NWyUHM RWU]\PXMH RQ XU]ĊGRZH SRZLDGRPLHQLH OXE ZLDU\JRGQą LQIRUPDFMĊ R W\P ĪH NWyU\Ğ ] NRPHQWDU]\ ]DPLHV]F]RQ\FK SU]H] LQWHUQDXWyZ áDPLH SUDZR 3U]HZLGXMH WR DUW XVW XVWDZ\ RĞZLDGF]HQLXXVáXJGURJąHOHNWURQLF]Qą']8QUSR]]SyĨQLHMV]\PL]PLDQDPL =GUXJLHMMHGQDNVWURQ\]GDU]DVLĊĪH±JG\SU]HGPLRWHPVSRUXVWDMąVLĊQDSU]\NáDGZSLV\ QDUXV]DMąFH FLV]Ċ Z\ERUF]ą ± VąG\ Z\GDMą Z\URNL VND]XMąFH DGPLQLVWUDWRUyZ VHUZLVyZ LQWHUQHWRZ\FK QDZHW MHĞOL QLH RWU]\PDOL RQL ZF]HĞQLHM ZLDU\JRGQHJR ]DZLDGRPLHQLD F]\]JáRV]HQLDWUHĞFLáDPLąF\FKSUDZR6WąGSRMDZLDMąFHVLĊJáRV\HNVSHUWyZĪHVąG\QLH ]DZV]HRGUyĪQLDMąLQWHUQHWRZHZSLV\XĪ\WNRZQLNyZVHUZLVyZRGWUHĞFL]DPLHV]F]DQ\FK SU]H]LFKDGPLQLVWUDWRUyZ>:LNDULDN%@

13 3R GRĞZLDGF]HQLDFK ] SU]\SDGNDPL SU]HGáXĪDQLD JáRVRZDQLD 3.: SURSRQRZDáD RUJDQRP SDĔVWZD PDMąF\P LQLFMDW\ZĊ XVWDZRGDZF]ą UR]ZDĪHQLH ]PLDQ\ SU]HSLVyZ 6XJHURZDáD ĪH QDOHĪ\ RGHMĞü RG ]DVDG\ ĪH Z SU]\SDGNX SU]HGáXĪHQLD JáRVRZDQLD Z NLONX REZRGDFK JáRVRZDQLDRERZLą]\ZDQLHFLV]\Z\ERUF]HMSU]HGáXĪDQHMHVWQDREV]DU]HFDáHJRNUDMX=RE ,QIRUPDFMDRUHDOL]DFMLSU]HSLVyZXVWDZ\]GQLDNZLHWQLDU±2UG\QDFMDZ\ERUF]D GR 6HMPX 5]HF]\SRVSROLWHM 3ROVNLHM L GR 6HQDWX 5]HF]\SRVSROLWHM 3ROVNLHM Z Z\ERUDFK SU]HSURZDG]RQ\FKZGQLXSDĨG]LHUQLNDUZUD]]SURSR]\FMDPLLFK]PLDQ=32:

(9)

LVWQLHMą PRĪOLZRĞFL GRWDUFLD GR XP\VáyZ Z\ERUFyZ´ >$QWRV]HZVNL@15_.

1LH EUDNXMH ZLĊF DXWRUyZ NWyU]\ SRVWXOXMą ]PLDQ\ Z UHJXODFMDFK RGQRV]ą F\FKVLĊGRFLV]\Z\ERUF]HML±WDNMDN$QQD5DNRZVND±SU]HNRQXMąLĪQRZH PHWRG\ L WHFKQLNL Z\NRU]\VW\ZDQH Z SURZDG]HQLX NDPSDQLL VSUDZLá\ ĪH ÄFLV]DZ\ERUF]DZSRVWDFLSU]\MĊWHMZSROVNLPSUDZLHZ\ERUF]\PVWDáDVLĊ ¿NFMą&KRü3DĔVWZRZD.RPLVMD:\ERUF]DLVąG\VWDUDMąVLĊWDNLQWHUSUHWRZDü SU]HSLV\SUDZDZ\ERUF]HJRE\QDGDüFLV]\MDNQDMEDUG]LHMUDFMRQDOQ\Z\PLDU WRZĞZLHWOHREHFQ\FKPRĪOLZRĞFLDNW\ZQRĞFLNRPLWHWyZNDQG\GDWyZLLQWHU QDXWyZMHVWWRSRSURVWXQLHPRĪOLZHVWąGNU\W\NDRU]HF]HĔVąGRZ\FKLLQWHU SUHWDFML 3.:´ >5DNRZVND @ : SRGREQ\P WRQLH JáRV ]DELHUD 0DUFLQ0LFKDá:LV]RZDW\NLHG\VWZLHUG]DĪHÄ1LHXOHJDZąWSOLZRĞFLIDNW ĪHIDVDGRZDUHJXODFMDSUDZQDFLV]\Z\ERUF]HMEDUG]LHM]DJUDĪDVWDQGDUGRP GHPRNUDW\F]Q\FKZ\ERUyZQLĪEUDNFLV]\´>:LV]RZDW\@ 3RGREQHVWUDWHJLHDUJXPHQWDF\MQHPRĪQDRGQDOHĨüZG\VNXVMLWRF]RQHM QDáDPDFKSUDV\SU]H]SXEOLF\VWyZMDNLSU]HGVWDZLFLHOLĞURGRZLVNSROLW\F]Q\FK 3\WDQLDR]DVDGQRĞüVWRVRZDQLDRJUDQLF]HĔZ\ERUF]HMDJLWDFMLSRMDZLDMąVLĊ Z QLHM QD SU]HVWU]HQL NROHMQ\FK GHNDG 1D SU]\NáDG SU]\ RND]ML Z\ERUyZ SUH]\GHQFNLFKZURNX7DGHXV]0D]RZLHFNLSU]HNRQ\ZDáLĪSRWU]HEQ\ MHVWG]LHĔQDP\VáX]ZáDV]F]DĪHÄRVWDWQLHGQLNDPSDQLLZ\ERUF]HMXSá\ZDá\ QD WDNLFK DWDNDFK NWyUH RGZUDFDMą XZDJĊ RG VSUDZ R ZLHOH ZDĪQLHMV]\FK´ >0D]RZLHFNL@3RGREQHJRDUJXPHQWXXĪ\áNLONDQDĞFLHODWSyĨQLHM3LRWU :LQF]RUHN=ZUDFDáXZDJĊ QD SRWU]HEĊZ\FLV]HQLDSROLW\F]Q\FKVSRUyZ QD ¿QLV]XNDPSDQLLRFHQLDMąFĪHRVWDWQLHGQLZ\ERUF]HMU\ZDOL]DFMLVąF]DVHP VLĊJDQLDSRQLH]E\WZ\V]XNDQHDUJXPHQW\>.RZDOF]XN*P\]@1LHZV]\VF\ MHGQDN SRG]LHODMą WH DUJXPHQW\ .DWDU]\QD .ROHQGD=DOHVND SU]HNRQXMąF 15 0RĪQD WX ZVND]Dü FKRFLDĪE\ SU]\NáDG\ VWRVRZDQLD ]DZRDORZDQ\FK NRPXQLNDWyZ SU]HV\áDQ\FK Z GQLX Z\ERUyZ SRPLĊG]\ XĪ\WNRZQLNDPL SRUWDOL VSRáHF]QRĞFLRZ\FK :F]DVLHZ\ERUyZSUH]\GHQFNLFKZURNXLQWHUQDXFLSLVDOLRZ\ĞFLJXZ\ERUF]\P RGZRáXMąFVLĊGRVSRUWRZHMPHWDIRU\5\ZDOL]DFMĊSRPLĊG]\%URQLVáDZHP.RPRURZVNLP L -DURVáDZHP .DF]\ĔVNLP SRUyZQ\ZDOL GR Z\ĞFLJX ĪXĪORZHJR SRPLĊG]\ GZRPD ]DZRGQLNDPL ± 7RPDV]HP *ROOREHP L -DURVáDZHP +DPSHOHP Ä*ROORE SURZDG]L MXĪ F]WHUQDVWRPD RNUąĪHQLDPL +DPSHO ]RVWDMH ] W\áX´ ± SU]\ F]\P RNUąĪHQLD ]DVWĊSRZDá\ SXQNW\SURFHQWRZH>=DZLáH]DVDG\FLV]\@=NROHLZURNXG\VNXWXMąFRPRĪOLZ\FK Z\QLNDFK Z\ERUyZ QLH XĪ\ZDOL QD]Z XJUXSRZDĔ SROLW\F]Q\FK ]DVWąSLOL MH QD]ZDPL ZDU]\Z VSU]HGDZDQ\FK QD ED]DU]H 6SRG]LHZDQH SRSDUFLH GOD SRV]F]HJyOQ\FK SDUWLL Z\UDĪDOL]DSRPRFąFHQSRV]F]HJyOQ\FKZDU]\Z>-DN,QWHUQHWRPLMDá@3RGREQąPHWRGĊ RPLMDQLDFLV]\Z\ERUF]HMRGQRWRZDQRZSU]\SDGNXEXáJDUVNLFKZ\ERUyZSDUODPHQWDUQ\FK Z URNX : W\P SU]\SDGNX MHGQD ] VR¿MVNLFK VWDFML WHOHZL]\MQ\FK SRGDZDáD ]DNDPXÀRZDQ\NRPXQLNDWRIUHNZHQFMLZ\ERUF]HMSRNLONXJRG]LQDFKJáRVRZDQLD3RGDáD LĪÄVLáDZLDWUXZEXáJDUVNLHMVWROLF\Z\QRVLPHWUyZQDVHNXQGĊ´ZJQLHR¿FMDOQ\FK GDQ\FK IUHNZHQFMD Z W\P PRPHQFLH PLDáD Z\QRVLü ZáDĞQLH SURFHQW ,QQD VWDFMD WHOHZL]\MQD ± UyZQLHĪ VLĊJDMąF SR UHWRU\NĊ PHWHRURORJLF]Qą ± LQIRUPRZDáD ] NROHL ĪH ZRJURG]LH%RU\VRZDWHPSHUDWXUDZ\QRVLVWRSQLQDWRPLDVWQDSROHWNX6WDQLV]HZDMHVW Z\ĪV]DLVLĊJDVWRSQLD:WHQVSRVyEZVND]\ZDáDQDSR]LRPSRSDUFLDZDOF]ąF\FK]H VREąXJUXSRZDĔNWyU\FKOLGHUDPLE\OL%RU\VRZL6WDQLV]HZ>:\ERU\%XáJDULL@

&LV]DFKURQLF]\SVXMHGHPRNUDFMĊ"

'\VNXVMDWRF]\VLĊ]DUyZQRQDSR]LRPLHSXEOLF\VW\F]Q\PFKRFLDĪE\ QD áDPDFK SUDV\ MDN WHĪ Z NUĊJDFK QDXNRZ\FK F]HJR Z\UD]HP Vą RSUDFR ZDQLDSRGHMPXMąFHSUREOHPDW\NĊFLV]\Z\ERUF]HMLDQDOL]XMąFHFHORZRĞüMHM stosowania.

=MHGQHMVWURQ\ZRSUDFRZDQLDFKQDXNRZ\FKSRGQRVLVLĊZLĊFĪHSR RNUHVLH NDPSDQLL Z\ERUF]HM ± V]F]HJyOQLH LQWHQV\ZQHM ]Z\NOH Z MHM RVWDW QLHMID]LH±Z\ERUFDPDSUDZRGRQDP\VáXGHNRGRZDQLDLSU]HDQDOL]RZDQLD RGHEUDQ\FKZF]HĞQLHMSU]HND]yZSHUVZD]\MQ\FKSRUyZQDQLD]DSUH]HQWRZD Q\FKPXRIHUWSROLW\F]Q\FKVNRQIURQWRZDQLDLFK]ZáDVQ\PLRF]HNLZDQLDPL L Z\REUDĪHQLDPL RUD] Z UH]XOWDFLH GRNRQDQLD Z\ERUX =ZROHQQLF\ XWU]\ PDQLDLQVW\WXFMLFLV]\Z\ERUF]HMSU]HNRQXMąĪHG]LĊNLQLHMZ\EyUPDV]DQVĊ E\ü EDUG]LHM ĞZLDGRP\ D VDP DNW Z\ERUF]\ EDUG]LHM XURF]\VW\ -DN ]DXZD ĪDMąQDSU]\NáDG%DUWáRPLHM0LFKDODNL$QQD)U\GU\FK±FKRG]LRXZROQLHQLH RE\ZDWHOLRGRWDF]DMąFHJRLFKV]XPXLQIRUPDF\MQHJRRUD]XPRĪOLZLHQLHLP ÄVSRNRMQHJR]DSR]QDQLDVLĊ]DUJXPHQWDPLLNRQVHNZHQFMDPLZ\ERUXRNUH ĞORQHMRSFML]QLZHORZDQLH]QDQHJR]SV\FKRORJLLVSRáHF]QHMHIHNWXĞZLHĪRĞFL SROHJDMąFHJRQDOHSV]\P]DSDPLĊW\ZDQLXLSU]\VZDMDQLXLQIRUPDFMLSUH]HQ WRZDQ\FKSRGNRQLHFSURFHVXNRPXQLNDF\MQHJRRUD]VWZRU]HQLHZDUXQNyZ GRSU]HP\ĞOHQLDLSRGMĊFLDGHF\]MLZZDUXQNDFKZROQ\FKRGSHUVZD]\MQHJR LLQWHQV\ZQHJRFKDUDNWHUXNDPSDQLL´>0LFKDODN)U\GU\FK@

= GUXJLHM MHGQDN VWURQ\ QLH VSRVyE QLH ]DXZDĪ\ü ]PLHQLDMąF\FK VLĊ UHDOLyZ Z NWyU\FK UR]JU\ZD VLĊ U\ZDOL]DFMD SROLW\F]QD : W\P NRQWHNĞFLH PRĪQD XVá\V]Hü ]DU]XW\ LĪ FLV]D Z\ERUF]D VWDMH VLĊ LQVW\WXFMą DUFKDLF]Qą QLHSU]\VWDMąFąGRU]HF]\ZLVWRĞFLF]\WHĪQLHGDMąFąVLĊZSHáQLZ\HJ]HNZRZDü :GXĪHMPLHU]HRGSRZLDGD]DWRUR]ZyMUR]PDLW\FKQDU]ĊG]LLQWHUQHWRZ\FK NWyUHQDEUDá\V]F]HJyOQHJR]QDF]HQLDZSURZDG]HQLXNDPSDQLLZ\ERUF]\FK

3RQDGWRMHVWHĞP\ĞZLDGNDPLZ\UDĨQHJRSU]HZDUWRĞFLRZDQLDZVIHU]H NRPXQLNDFMLVSRáHF]QHMF]HJRHIHNWHPMHVWVWRSQLRZHRVáDELDQLHGRW\FKF]DV GRPLQXMąF\FK NDQDáyZ LQIRUPDF\MQ\FK L ]DVWĊSRZDQLH LFK QRZ\PL SU]H VWU]HQLDPLZ\PLDQ\P\ĞOLLGDQ\FK.UHRZDQLHW\FKQRZ\FKHOHNWURQLF]Q\FK SU]HVWU]HQL URG]L NRQLHF]QRĞü GRVWRVRZ\ZDQLD GR QLFK UHJXODFML SUDZQ\FK 5]HF]\ZLVWRĞüMHGQDN]Z\NOHZ\SU]HG]DSU]HSLV\Z]ZLą]NX]F]\PPDP\ GR F]\QLHQLD ] QLHMDVQRĞFLDPL ZąWSOLZRĞFLDPL L EUDNLHP MHGQR]QDF]Q\FK LQWHUSUHWDFML RNUHĞORQ\FK ]DFKRZDĔ F]\ G]LDáDĔ 7R Z\]ZDQLH VWRL UyZQLHĪ SU]HGLQVW\WXFMąFLV]\Z\ERUF]HM

1LH MHVW RGRVREQLRQ\ JáRV$QGU]HMD$QWRV]HZVNLHJR NWyU\ ]DXZDĪD ĪH ÄSU]\ REHFQ\FK PRĪOLZRĞFLDFK NRPXQLNRZDQLD VLĊ SR]D R¿FMDOQ\PL PHGLDPL FLV]D Z\ERUF]D QLH PD QDMPQLHMV]HJR VHQVX ERZLHP FDá\ F]DV

(10)

^ƚƌĂǏŶŝŬĚĞŵŽŬƌĂĐũŝĐǌǇƌĞůŝŬƚƉƌǌĞƐǌųŽƑĐŝ͍ǇƐŬƵƐũĞŶĂĚǌĂƐĂĚŶŽƑĐŝČƐƚŽƐŽǁĂŶŝĂĐŝƐǌǇ͘͘͘ DĂƌĐŝŶĂďŽƌƐŬŝ RSU]HSá\Z\SRSDUFLD&KRG]LRSU]HQRV]HQLHJáRVyZQDSRGPLRW\SU]HJU\ ZDMąFHZEDGDQLDFKRSLQLLSXEOLF]QHMXQGHUGRJHIIHFW$QDOL]\RGG]LDá\ZDQLD EDGDĔGHPRVNRSLMQ\FKQDU\QHNSROLW\F]Q\GRSURZDG]Lá\UyZQLHĪGRVWZLHU G]HQLDĪHZ\VWĊSXMHWHĪWDN]ZDQ\HIHNWUR]SĊGX (PRPHQWXPHIIHFWNWyU\ REMDZLDVLĊSU]HU]XFDQLHPJáRVyZQDXJUXSRZDQLHOXENDQG\GDWDGODNWyUHJR SRSDUFLH]DF]ĊáRV]\ENRURVQąü,VWQLHMHWHĪZUHV]FLHJáRVRZDQLHVWUDWHJLF]QH (VWUDWHJLF YRWLQJ 3ROHJD RQR QD W\P ĪH Z\ERUFD ± NLHUXMąF VLĊ Z\QLNDPL VRQGDĪ\±ZZ\ERUDFKQLHRGGDMHJáRVXQDSDUWLĊNWyUąSRSLHUDDOHJáRVXMHWDN E\ GRSURZDG]Lü GR QDMEDUG]LHM SRĪąGDQHJR SU]H] QLHJR UR]NáDGX JáRVyZ ']LHMHVLĊWDNZyZF]DVJG\U\ZDOL]XMą]HVREąZLĊFHMQLĪGZDXJUXSRZDQLD >&ZDOLQD)DONRZVNL@

3U]\NáDG3HZLHQZ\ERUFD]Z\NOHSRSLHUDNDQG\GDWDSDUWLLµĪyáW\FK¶-HGQRF]HĞQLH

EDUG]R ]DOHĪ\ PX QD W\P ĪHE\ ]Z\FLĊVWZR Z\ERUF]H QLH SU]\SDGáR NDQG\GDWRZL SDUWLLµQLHELHVNLFK¶*G\VRQGDĪHZVND]XMąĪHµĪyáW\¶QLHMHVWZVWDQLHSRNRQDüµQLH ELHVNLHJR¶DOHPRĪHVLĊWR]NROHLXGDüNDQG\GDWRZLµSRPDUDĔF]RZ\FK¶Z\ERUFD GHF\GXMH VLĊ QD ZVSDUFLH WHJR RVWDWQLHJR NDQG\GDWD 3U]HJUDQD µQLHELHVNLFK¶ MHVW ZW\PSU]\SDGNXWDNLVWRWQ\PSULRU\WHWHPĪHZ\ERUFDUH]\JQXMH]JáRVRZDQLDQD QDMEDUG]LHMSUHIHURZDQHJRSU]H]VLHELHNDQG\GDWD:WHQZáDĞQLHVSRVyESU]HELHJD JáRVRZDQLHVWUDWHJLF]QH

2GZRáXMąF VLĊ GR W\FK ]MDZLVN SU]HGVWDZLFLHOH QLHNWyU\FK ĞURGRZLVN SROLW\F]Q\FK SURSRQXMą ]PLDQĊ SU]HSLVyZ SROHJDMąFą QD Z\GáXĪHQLX RNUHVX RERZLą]\ZDQLD]DND]XSXEOLNRZDQLDZ\QLNyZEDGDĔRSLQLLSXEOLF]QHMXMDZ QLDMąF\FK SRSDUFLH GOD SDUWLL SROLW\F]Q\FK 7DNL SRVWXODW ]JáRVLOL SU]HGVWDZL FLHOH 3ROVNLHJR 6WURQQLFWZD /XGRZHJR SURSRQXMąF E\ HPEDUJR QD VRQGDĪH REHMPRZDáR RNUHV GZyFK W\JRGQL SU]HG Z\ERUDPL ± SRG U\JRUHP NDU ¿QDQ VRZ\FK3RZRá\ZDOLVLĊSU]\W\PQDUR]ZLą]DQLDVWRVRZDQHZLQQ\FKNUDMDFK HXURSHMVNLFKWDNLFKMDN:áRFK\GQLRZDFLV]DVRQGDĪRZDSU]HGZ\ERUDPL F]\/XNVHPEXUJPLHVLąF]DND]XSXEOLNRZDQLDZ\QLNyZEDGDĔ3U]HFLZQLF\ ZSLV\ZDQLDWHJRW\SXUR]ZLą]DQLDGRSROVNLHJRSRU]ąGNXSUDZQHJRRGSRZLD GDOLĪHQDREHFQ\PHWDSLHUR]ZRMXNRPXQLNDF\MQHJRQDOHĪDáRE\UDF]HMP\ĞOHü R]QRV]HQLXRERZLą]XMąF\FKRJUDQLF]HĔQLĪLFK]DRVWU]DQLX>36/FKFH]DEURQLü@ 3U]HGVWDZLDMąF VZRMą SURSR]\FMĊ SROLW\F\ 36/ DUJXPHQWRZDOL ĪHVWDQRZLRQDLFKRGSRZLHGĨQDZSá\ZEDGDĔGHPRVNRSLMQ\FKQD]DFKRZDQLD Z\ERUF]H7áXPDF]\OLĪH LFK XJUXSRZDQLH E\ZD QLHGRV]DFRZDQH Z VRQGD ĪDFK *G\ QRWRZDQLD LFK VWURQQLFWZD RVF\OXMą ZRNyá SURJX Z\ERUF]HJR F]ĊĞüZ\ERUFyZPRĪHUH]\JQRZDü]RGGDQLDJáRVXQD36/ZREDZLHSU]HG µXWUDWą¶JáRVX&RFLHNDZHMHGQDNZ\QLNLEDGDĔGHPRVNRSLMQ\FKQLHZVND]XMą ZFDOHMHGQR]QDF]QLHĪH3ROVNLH6WURQQLFWZR/XGRZHPDZL]HUXQHNXJUXSR ZDQLD NWyUHJR SRSDUFLH ZLąĪH VLĊ ]H VW\JPDW\]RZDQLHP Z VSRáHF]HĔVWZLH ĪHLQVW\WXFMDFLV]\Z\ERUF]HMQLHPDĪDGQHJRX]DVDGQLHQLDEXGXMHQDVWĊSX MąF\REUD]Ä.DPSDQLDUR]SĊG]DVLĊMDNNRĔNWyU\QDJOHZSLąWHNRSyáQRF\ VWDMHGĊEDL]DWU]\PXMHWĊUR]SĊG]RQąPDV]\QĊ]RVWDZLDMąFZ\ERUFyZZVWDQLH SROLW\F]QHJR UR]HGUJDQLD´ >.ROHQGD=DOHVND @ 3R]D RGZRáDQLDPL GR HPRFML NRPHQWDWRU]\ NU\W\NXMąF\ LQVW\WXFMĊ FLV]\ Z\ERUF]HM SRGQRV]ą WHĪDUJXPHQW\RFKDUDNWHU]HWHFKQLF]Q\PLSU]HNRQXMąĪHZGRELH,QWHUQHWX QLNWQLHMHVWZVWDQLH]DEORNRZDüDJLWDFMLZ\ERUF]HMSURZDG]RQHM]DSRPRFą VHUZHUyZSR]D3ROVNą:WHQVSRVyESUyEXMąZVND]DüDUFKDLF]QRĞüSU]HSLVyZ RJUDQLF]DMąF\FK DJLWDFMĊ SU]HNRQXMąF MHGQRF]HĞQLH ĪH MHĪHOL ¿NF\MQD MHVW PRĪOLZRĞüLFKHJ]HNZRZDQLDÄXWU]\P\ZDQLHSU]HSLVyZNWyUHVąZVSRVyE RF]\ZLVW\QLHVWRVRZDQHPRĪHSURZDG]LüGRHUR]MLV\VWHPXSUDZQHJR]PQLHM V]HQLD]QDF]HQLDSUDZDZGHPRNUDW\F]Q\PSDĔVWZLHSUDZQ\P´>:DJORZVNL@ 3U]\RND]MLG]LHQQLNDU]HS\WDMąUyZQLHĪGODF]HJRVWURQ\LQWHUQHWRZHPDMąE\ü XSU]\ZLOHMRZDQHZVWRVXQNXGRJD]HWSDSLHURZ\FKLVWDFMLWHOHZL]\MQ\FKNWyUH FKZLOĊSU]HGZ\ERUDPLLZVDP\PGQLXZ\ERUyZPXV]ą]DPLONQąü=GUXJLHM QDWRPLDVWVWURQ\FKĊWQLHSRGQRV]RQ\PDUJXPHQWHPSU]HFLZNRFLV]\Z\ERUF]HM MHVWRGZRáDQLHGRSROLW\F]Q\FKGRĞZLDGF]HĔ6WDQyZ=MHGQRF]RQ\FKZNWyU\FK ZDONDZ\ERUF]DWRF]\VLĊGRRVWDWQLHMFKZLOLWDNĪHZF]DVLHJáRVRZDQLD:W\P NRQWHNĞFLH SRMDZLDMą VLĊ RFHQ\ ĪH SUyE\ ZSURZDG]HQLD FLV]\ Z\ERUF]HM GR DPHU\NDĔVNLHJR V\VWHPX Z\ERUF]HJR GRSURZDG]Lá\E\ GR ]DU]XWyZ R RJUDQL F]DQLHZROQRĞFLVáRZDL]DPDFKQD3LHUZV]ą3RSUDZNĊGR.RQVW\WXFML86$ NWyUDJZDUDQWXMHRE\ZDWHORPSHáQąZROQRĞüZ\SRZLHG]L>=DZDG]NL@

8SRU]ąGNRZDüFLV]Ċ

'\VNXWXMąFQDGPRĪOLZRĞFLąZ\GáXĪHQLDRNUHVXZNWyU\PRERZLą]XMH ]DND]SXEOLNRZDQLDZ\QLNyZVRQGDĪ\Z\ERUF]\FKZDUWR]ZUyFLüXZDJĊQD WR MDN ZSá\ZDMą RQH QD ]DFKRZDQLD Z\ERUF]H RE\ZDWHOL 2F]\ZLVW\P MHVW ERZLHP ĪH EDGDQLD GHPRVNRSLMQH QLH W\ONR SU]\QRV]ą LQIRUPDFMH QD WHPDW WHJRMDNZGDQHMJUXSLHF]\ZGDQ\PVSRáHF]HĔVWZLHUR]NáDGDVLĊSRSDUFLH GODSRV]F]HJyOQ\FKNDQG\GDWyZF]\XJUXSRZDĔ6RQGDĪHMHGQRF]HĞQLHPRJą NUHRZDü U]HF]\ZLVWRĞü SRSU]H] PRW\ZRZDQLH Z\ERUFyZ GR RNUHĞORQ\FK G]LDáDĔ F]\ ZHU\¿NRZDQLH SRGMĊW\FK ZF]HĞQLHM GHF\]ML : W\P NRQWHNĞFLH ZVND]XMH VLĊ QDMF]ĊĞFLHM F]WHU\ ]MDZLVND -HGQ\P ] QLFK MHVW przenoszenie

JáRVyZ QDVRQGDĪRZHJRIDZRU\WD (EDQGZDJRQHIIHFW:WDNLPSU]\SDGNX

QDVWĊSXMHÄHIHNWJURPDG]HQLDVLĊZRNyá]Z\FLĊ]F\´NWyUHPXSRGOHJDMąJáyZQLH FLZ\ERUF\NWyU\FKLQWHUHVXMHZSLHUZV]\PU]ĊG]LHQLHSURJUDPRVRERZRĞü NDQG\GDWDF]\SUH]HQWRZDQDSU]H]QLHJRLGHRORJLDDMHJRV]DQVHQD]Z\FLĊ VWZR 3RGREQLH U]HF] Z\JOąGD Z SU]\SDGNX ]MDZLVND XMDZQLDMąFHJR ZSá\Z VRQGDĪ\QD]DFKRZDQLDZ\ERUF]HW\OHĪHZRGZURWQ\PNLHUXQNXMHĞOLFKRG]L

(11)

^ƚƌĂǏŶŝŬĚĞŵŽŬƌĂĐũŝĐǌǇƌĞůŝŬƚƉƌǌĞƐǌųŽƑĐŝ͍ǇƐŬƵƐũĞŶĂĚǌĂƐĂĚŶŽƑĐŝČƐƚŽƐŽǁĂŶŝĂĐŝƐǌǇ͘͘͘ DĂƌĐŝŶĂďŽƌƐŬŝ ĪHSXEOLNRZDQHZF]DVLHNDPSDQLLZ\ERUF]\FKVRQGDĪHSRSDUFLDNDQG\GDWyZ OXESDUWLLSROLW\F]Q\FKPDMąLVWRWQ\ZSá\ZQDWRQDNRJRRQLJáRVXMąZZ\ER UDFK:SU]\SDGNXV\PSDW\NyZ3UDZDL6SUDZLHGOLZRĞFL±DZSU]\ SDGNX 3ODWIRUP\ 2E\ZDWHOVNLHM ± RGSRZLHG]L Ä]GHF\GRZDQLH WDN´ LÄUDF]HMWDN´1DWOHSR]RVWDá\FKZ\UyĪQLDVLĊJUXSDS\WDQ\FKGHNODUXMąF\FK SRSDUFLHGOD5XFKX3DOLNRWD:W\PSU]\SDGNXQLHPDOMHGQDWU]HFLDEDGDQ\FK SU]\]QDáDĪHVRQGDĪHVWDQRZLąGODQLFKLVWRWQHĨUyGáRZSá\ZDMąFH QD SRGMĊFLH GHF\]ML Z\ERUF]HM 6]F]HJyáRZ\ UR]NáDG RGSRZLHG]L SRND]XMH 7DEHOD 7DEHOD 3XEOLNRZDQHZF]DVLHNDPSDQLLZ\ERUF]\FKVRQGDĪHSRSDUFLDNDQG\ GDWyZOXESDUWLLSROLW\F]Q\FKPDMąLVWRWQ\ZSá\ZQDWRQDNRJRJáRVXMĊZZ\ ERUDFK±UR]NáDGLORĞFLRZ\LSURFHQWRZ\RGSRZLHG]LZGHNODUDFMDFKZRGQLH VLHQLXGRZ\ERUyZGR6HMPXJG\E\RGE\ZDá\VLĊZQDMEOLĪV]ąQLHG]LHOĊ =GHF\GR ZDQLHWDN 5DF]HMWDN 1LHPDPzdania 5DF]HM nie =GHF\GR wanie nie 5D]HP 3ODWIRUPD 2E\ZDWHOVND LORĞü 16 40 39 83 69 SURFHQW 3ROVNLH Stronnictwo /XGRZH LORĞü 3 18 6 26 23 SURFHQW 3UDZR L6SUDZLHGOLZRĞü LORĞü 14 33 38 66 228 SURFHQW 5XFK3DOLNRWD _SURFHQWLORĞü 5 15 11 14 19 64 6RMXV]/HZLF\ 'HPRNUDW\F]QHM LORĞü 22 10 42 108 SURFHQW Inne LORĞü 6 14 15 34 41 110 SURFHQW 1LHJáRVRZDáD E\P LORĞü 8 44 48 83 255 SURFHQW *G\ ]D NU\WHULXP DQDOL]\ SU]\MPLHP\ GHNODURZDQH SRJOąG\ LGHROR JLF]QH UHVSRQGHQWyZ QDMOLF]QLHMV]ą JUXSĊ GRVWU]HJDMąFą Z VZRLP G]LDáDQLX ZSá\Z SXEOLNRZDQ\FK VRQGDĪ\ VWDQRZLą V\PSDW\F\ OHZLF\ 3RQDG MHGQD F]ZDUWD ] QLFK GRVWU]HJáD LVWRWQą ]DOHĪQRĞü SRPLĊG]\ EDGDQLDPL GHPRVNRSLMQ\PLDVZRLPLGHF\]MDPLZ\ERUF]\PL=NROHLDQNLHWRZDQLRNUH ĞODMąF\ VLĊ MDNR FHQWURZL L SUDZLFRZL VWDQRZLą JUXS\ R SRGREQ\FK VNDODFK RGSRZLHG]LZMHGQ\PLGUXJLPSU]\SDGNXQLHPDOMHGQDSLąWDEDGDQ\FKSU]\ ]QDáDĪHVRQGDĪHZSá\ZDMąQDLFKGHF\]MHZ\ERUF]H6]F]HJyáRZ\UR]NáDG RGSRZLHG]LSUH]HQWXMH7DEHOD 3RND]XMHWRMHGHQ]UDSRUWyZ&%26NWyU\RGQRVLVLĊGR]MDZLVNDÄXNU\ZDQLD V\PSDWLL SROLW\F]Q\FK´ &HQWUXP %DGDQLD 2SLQLL 6SRáHF]QHM SRVWDQRZLáR VSUDZG]LüSU]HGZ\ERUDPLSDUODPHQWDUQ\PLZURNXF]\LZMDNLFKV\WX DFMDFK3RODF\PDMąSUREOHP]XMDZQLDQLHPVZRLFKSUHIHUHQFMLSROLW\F]Q\FK *G\ ]DS\WDQR UHVSRQGHQWyZ ± QLH SURV]ąF LFK R XMDZQLDQLH NRJR VąJRWRZLSRSU]HüZZ\ERUDFK±F]\E\OLE\VNáRQQLXMDZQLüĪHJáRVXMąQD SRV]F]HJyOQHSDUWLH16RND]DáRVLĊĪHQDMZLĊFHMRVyEXMDZQLáRE\FKĊüJáRVR ZDQLDQDNDQG\GDWD36/1DMZLĊNV]ąÄZVW\GOLZRĞü´SU]\SLV\ZDQRZyZF]DV JáRVRZDQLXQD5XFK3DOLNRWD-HĞOLMHGQDNSUREOHPWHQEĊG]LHP\DQDOL]RZDOL Z RGQLHVLHQLX GR HOHNWRUDWyZ SRV]F]HJyOQ\FK XJUXSRZDĔ REUD] ]MDZLVND EĊG]LHQLHFRLQQ\2LOHERZLHPRVRE\NWyUHGHNODURZDá\ĪHZQDGFKRG]ąF\FK Z\ERUDFKEĊGąSRSLHUDü32L3L6Z]GHF\GRZDQHMZLĊNV]RĞFLSRSU]\ ]QDZDá\ĪHSRZLHG]LDá\E\RW\PVZRMHMQDMEOLĪV]HMURG]LQLHRW\OHZSU]\ SDGNX]ZROHQQLNyZ36/WHQZVNDĨQLNMHVW]DXZDĪDOQLHQLĪV]\1DXMDZQLHQLH ZNUĊJXURG]LQ\EDUZSDUW\MQ\FKSRSLHUDQHJRNDQG\GDWD]GHF\GRZDáRE\VLĊ VLHGPLXQDG]LHVLĊFLXS\WDQ\FK2]QDF]DWRĪHZ\ERUF\OXGRZFyZVą QLHFREDUG]LHMÄ]DZVW\G]HQL´VZRLPLSUHIHUHQFMDPLSROLW\F]Q\PLQLĪ]ZROHQ QLF\GZyFKJáyZQ\FKSDUWLLVHMPRZ\FK>&%26L@

6RQGDĪRZDFLV]DZEDGDQLDFK

: DQNLHWDFK SU]HSURZDG]RQ\FK QD SRWU]HE\ QLQLHMV]HJR RSUDFR ZDQLD]DGDQRGZDS\WDQLDRGQRV]ąFHVLĊGRSUREOHPDW\NLEDGDĔGHPRVNRSLM Q\FKZSU]HVWU]HQLZ\ERUF]HM=MHGQHMVWURQ\DXWRU]\EDGDQLDSRGMĊOLSUyEĊ VSUDZG]HQLDMDNąUROĊZSRGHMPRZDQLXGHF\]MLSU]H]Z\ERUFyZRGJU\ZDMą VRQGDĪH5HVSRQGHQFL]RVWDOLZLĊFSRSURV]HQLRRGQLHVLHQLHVLĊGRQDVWĊSX MąFHM WH]\ 3XEOLNRZDQH Z F]DVLH NDPSDQLL Z\ERUF]\FK VRQGDĪH SRSDUFLD

NDQG\GDWyZOXESDUWLLSROLW\F]Q\FKPDMąLVWRWQ\ZSá\ZQDWRQDNRJRJáRVXMĊ Z Z\ERUDFK -HGQRF]HĞQLH XF]HVWQLF\ EDGDQLD ]RVWDOL SRSURV]HQL R RGQLH

VLHQLHVLĊGRSURSR]\FML]PLDQ\RERZLą]XMąF\FKSU]HSLVyZGRW\F]ąF\FKFLV]\ VRQGDĪRZHM6WąGSRGGDQDRFHQLHUHVSRQGHQWyZWH]D3XEOLNRZDQLHVRQGDĪ\ SRSDUFLDNDQG\GDWyZOXESDUWLLSROLW\F]Q\FKSRZLQQRE\üZF]DVLHNDPSDQLL Z\ERUF]\FK]DND]DQHGáXĪHMQLĪW\ONRZF]DVLHFLV]\Z\ERUF]HM]DND]PyJáE\ RERZLą]\ZDüQSSU]H]GZDW\JRGQLHSU]HGZ\ERUDPL. *G\RGSRZLHG]LQDSLHUZV]ą]SRZ\ĪV]\FKWH]]HVWDZLP\]GHNODUD FMDPL SRSDUFLD GOD SRV]F]HJyOQ\FK IRUPDFML SROLW\F]Q\FK PDMąF\FK VZRLFK UHSUH]HQWDQWyZZ6HMPLHRNDĪHVLĊĪHUHVSRQGHQFLLGHQW\¿NXMąF\VLĊ]GZRPD QDMZLĊNV]\PL XJUXSRZDQLDPL SDUODPHQWDUQ\PL QDMU]DG]LHM VWZLHUG]DMą 16 : S\WDQLX XZ]JOĊGQLRQR V]HĞü XJUXSRZDĔ 3ODWIRUPD 2E\ZDWHOVND 3ROVND -HVW 1DMZDĪQLHMV]D 3ROVNLH 6WURQQLFWZR /XGRZH 3UDZR L 6SUDZLHGOLZRĞü 5XFK 3DOLNRWD 6RMXV]/HZLF\'HPRNUDW\F]QHM

(12)

^ƚƌĂǏŶŝŬĚĞŵŽŬƌĂĐũŝĐǌǇƌĞůŝŬƚƉƌǌĞƐǌųŽƑĐŝ͍ǇƐŬƵƐũĞŶĂĚǌĂƐĂĚŶŽƑĐŝČƐƚŽƐŽǁĂŶŝĂĐŝƐǌǇ͘͘͘ DĂƌĐŝŶĂďŽƌƐŬŝ =GHF\GR ZDQLHWDN 5DF]HMWDN 1LHPDPzdania 5DF]HM nie =GHF\GR wanie nie 5D]HP 6RMXV]/HZLF\ 'HPRNUDW\F]QHM LORĞü 11 20 32 34 11 108 SURFHQW Inne LORĞü 16 19 35 26 14 110 SURFHQW 1LHJáRVRZDáD

E\P SURFHQWLORĞü 34 31 112 54 24 255 *G\RSLQLHGRW\F]ąFHHZHQWXDOQHJRZ\GáXĪHQLDRNUHVXRERZLą]\ZDQLD FLV]\ VRQGDĪRZHM ]HVWDZLDP\ ] GHNODURZDQ\PL SRJOąGDPL UHVSRQGHQWyZ UyĪQLFHZRGSRZLHG]LDFKQLHVąMXĪWDNZ\UD]LVWHMDNZSU]\SDGNXSRG]LDáXQD Z\ERUFyZSRV]F]HJyOQ\FKXJUXSRZDĔ1LHPQLHMMHGQDNSHZQHWHQGHQFMHGDMH VLĊ]DXZDĪ\ü'RVWU]HJDP\QDSU]\NáDGĪHDQNLHWRZDQLRSUR¿OXFHQWURZ\P Vą QDMPQLHM ]DLQWHUHVRZDQL ]PLDQą SU]HSLVyZ GRW\F]ąF\FK ]DND]X SXEOLNR ZDQLD Z\QLNyZ EDGDĔ RSLQLL SXEOLF]QHM SU]HG Z\ERUDPL S\WDQ\FK ZWHMJUXSLHSRSDUáRWĊLQLFMDW\ZĊDE\áRMHMSU]HFLZQ\FK6]F]HJyáRZ\ UR]NáDGJáRVyZSUH]HQWXMH7DEHOD 7DEHOD3XEOLNRZDQLHVRQGDĪ\SRSDUFLDNDQG\GDWyZOXESDUWLLSROLW\F]Q\FK SRZLQQRE\üZF]DVLHNDPSDQLLZ\ERUF]\FK]DND]DQHGáXĪHMQLĪW\ONRZF]D VLHFLV]\Z\ERUF]HM]DND]PyJáE\RERZLą]\ZDüQSSU]H]GZDW\JRGQLHSU]HG Z\ERUDPL±UR]NáDGLORĞFLRZ\LSURFHQWRZ\RGSRZLHG]LZGHNODUDFMDFK ZRGQLHVLHQLXGRSRJOąGyZLGHRORJLF]Q\FK =GHF\GR

ZDQLHWDN 5DF]HMWDN 1LHPDPzdania 5DF]HMQLH =GHF\GRwanie nie 5D]HP

/HZLFD LORĞü 30 48 64 39

SURFHQW &HQWUXP _SURFHQWLORĞü 38 64 56 31 206 3UDZLFD _SURFHQWLORĞü 61 44 105 90 55 355 1LHZLHP QLHSRWUD¿Ċ RNUHĞOLü LORĞü 40 49 112 51 18 SURFHQW *G\ZURNX¿UPDEDGDZF]D0LOOZDUG%URZQ60*.5&EDGDáD ]Z\F]DMHZ\ERUF]H3RODNyZ_{]DS\WDáDPLĊG]\LQQ\PLRRSLQLHQDWHPDWFLV]\}

Z\ERUF]HM:LĊNV]RĞü DQNLHWRZDQ\FK VWZLHUG]LáD ZyZF]DV ĪH ZSURZDG]DQLH _{%DGDQLH]RVWDáRSU]HSURZDG]RQHLF]HUZFDURNXQDRJyOQRSROVNLHMSUyELH} RVyE]DSRPRFąWHOHIRQyZVWDFMRQDUQ\FKLNRPyUNRZ\FK 7DEHOD3XEOLNRZDQHZF]DVLHNDPSDQLLZ\ERUF]\FKVRQGDĪHSRSDUFLDNDQ G\GDWyZOXESDUWLLSROLW\F]Q\FKPDMąLVWRWQ\ZSá\ZQDWRQDNRJRJáRVXMĊ ZZ\ERUDFK±UR]NáDGLORĞFLRZ\LSURFHQWRZ\RGSRZLHG]LZGHNODUDFMDFK ZRGQLHVLHQLXGRSRJOąGyZLGHRORJLF]Q\FK =GHF\GR

ZDQLHWDN 5DF]HMWDN 1LHPDPzdania 5DF]HMQLH =GHF\GRwanie nie 5D]HP /HZLFD _SURFHQWLORĞü 18 50 32 81 &HQWUXP LORĞü 9 29 34 69 65 206

SURFHQW 3UDZLFD _SURFHQWLORĞü 20 48 50 124 113 355 1LHZLHP QLHSRWUD¿Ċ RNUHĞOLü LORĞü 12 59 51 SURFHQW 3URSR]\FMD Z\GáXĪHQLD FLV]\ VRQGDĪRZHM Z]EXG]LáD QDMZLĊFHM SR]\ W\ZQ\FK UHDNFML ZĞUyG RVyE NWyUH ]DGHNODURZDá\ SRSDUFLH GOD 3ROVNLHJR 6WURQQLFWZD/XGRZHJRL5XFKX3DOLNRWDRNRáRS\WDQ\FKSRSDUáRSRP\Vá XG]LHODMąFRGSRZLHG]L´]GHF\GRZDQLHWDN´OXE´UDF]HMWDN´1DMZLĊFHMQHJD W\ZQ\FK RFHQ ]DSUH]HQWRZDOL V\PSDW\F\ 3ODWIRUP\ 2E\ZDWHOVNLHM : LFK SU]\SDGNX QLHPDO SRáRZD DQNLHWRZDQ\FK VFHSW\F]QLH RGQLRVáD VLĊ GR GáXĪV]HJR ]DND]X SXEOLNRZDQLD Z\QLNyZ EDGDĔ Z\ERUF]\FK 6]F]HJyá\ SUH]HQWXMH7DEHOD 7DEHOD3XEOLNRZDQLHVRQGDĪ\SRSDUFLDNDQG\GDWyZOXESDUWLLSROLW\F]Q\FK SRZLQQRE\üZF]DVLHNDPSDQLLZ\ERUF]\FK]DND]DQHGáXĪHMQLĪW\ONRZF]DVLH FLV]\Z\ERUF]HM]DND]PyJáE\RERZLą]\ZDüQSSU]H]GZDW\JRGQLHSU]HGZ\ ERUDPL±UR]NáDGLORĞFLRZ\LSURFHQWRZ\RGSRZLHG]LZGHNODUDFMDFKZRGQLH VLHQLXGRZ\ERUyZGR6HMPXJG\E\RGE\ZDá\VLĊZQDMEOLĪV]ąQLHG]LHOĊ =GHF\GR ZDQLHWDN 5DF]HMWDN 1LHPDPzdania 5DF]HM nie =GHF\GR wanie nie 5D]HP 3ODWIRUPD

2E\ZDWHOVND SURFHQWLORĞü 23 40 66 46 3ROVNLH Stronnictwo /XGRZH LORĞü 13 16 26 15 6 SURFHQW 3UDZR L6SUDZLHGOLZRĞü LORĞü 40 40 49 28 228 SURFHQW 5XFK3DOLNRWD _SURFHQWLORĞü 11 13 15 11 14 64

(13)

SURIUHNZHQF\MQHMZRNUHVLHFLV]\UHIHUHQGDOQHMÄ3U]HJOąG6HMPRZ\´QU 2GZyFKWDNLFKFR]áDPDOLFLV]ĊZ\ERUF]ąÄ*D]HWD:\ERUF]D´ 3UDZLH]XSHáQLHFLFKDFLV]DZ\ERUF]DÄ*D]HWD:\ERUF]D´

36/ FKFH ]DEURQLü SXEOLNDFML VRQGDĪ\ QD ¿QLV]X NDPSDQLL KWWSZ\ERUF]D SO36/BFKFHB]DEURQLFBSXEOLNDFMLBVRQGD]\BQDBILQLV]XBNDPSDQLL KWPOL[]]9F5'Y\S 5DNRZVND$QQD3UDZQDUHJXODFMDNDPSDQLLZ\ERUF]HMZ,QWHUQHFLHKWWSLVSRUJSOXSORDGV ¿OHPDQDJHU3UDZQHUHJXODFMH,,NRUSGI 6RQGDĪ FLV]D Z\ERUF]D MHVW SRWU]HEQD ŚƩƉ͗ͬͬǁǁǁ͘ǁƉƌŽƐƚ͘ƉůͬĂƌͬϭϵϵϮϵϬ͕ϭͬ^ŽŶĚĂǌͲĐŝƐǌĂͲ ǁǇďŽƌĐǌĂͲũĞƐƚͲƉŽƚƌǌĞďŶĂͬ

6WDQRZLVNR 3DĔVWZRZHM .RPLVML :\ERUF]HM ] GQLD NZLHWQLD U Z VSUDZLH ÄFLV]\ UHIHUHQGDOQHM´KWWSSNZJRYSOZ\MDVQLHQLDLNRPXQLNDW\SNZVWDQRZLVNRSDQVWZRZHM NRPLVMLZ\ERUF]HM]GQLDNZLHWQLDUZVSUDZLHFLV]\UHIHUHQGDOQHMKWPO :DJORZVNL3:\GDMHVLĊĪHZÄGRELH,QWHUQHWX´FLV]DSU]HGZ\ERUF]DMHVW¿NFMąKWWSSUDZR YDJODSOQRGH :LNDULDN63RGF]DVZ\ERUyZOHSLHM]DPNQąüVWURQĊLQWHUQHWRZąÄ']LHQQLN*D]HWD 3UDZQD´

:LV]RZDW\ 00 ,QVW\WXFMD FLV]\ Z\ERUF]HM ± JHQH]D UHJXODFMD SUDZQD UDWLR H[LVWHQGLÄ6WXGLD:\ERUF]H´QU :\ERU\EH]FLV]\Z\ERUF]HMÄ*D]HWD:\ERUF]D´ :\ERU\%XáJDULL7DNPHGLDRPLMDMąFLV]ĊZ\ERUF]ąKWWSSUDZRPRQH\SODNWXDOQRVFLZLDGRPRVFL DUW\NXOZ\ERU\EXOJDULLWDNPHGLDRPLMDMDFLV]HZ\ERUF]DKWPO :\MDĞQLHQLD3DĔVWZRZHM.RPLVML:\ERUF]HMGRW\F]ąFHRUJDQL]DFMLLPSUH]RNROLF]QRĞFLRZ\FK ZRNUHVLHRG]DNRĔF]HQLDNDPSDQLLZ\ERUF]HMDĪGR]DNRĔF]HQLDJáRVRZDQLDZZ\ERUDFK 3UH]\GHQWD 5]HF]\SRVSROLWHM 3ROVNLHM ]DU]ąG]RQ\FK QD G]LHĔ F]HUZFD U WM ZF]DVLHWUZDQLDW]ZÄFLV]\Z\ERUF]HM´NZLHWQLDU=32:KWWS ZZZVNLHUQLHZLFHELSQHWSO"D :\MDĞQLHQLD3DĔVWZRZHM.RPLVML:\ERUF]HM]GQLDF]HUZFDUZVSUDZLHW]ZÄFLV]\ Z\ERUF]HM´KWWSSNZJRYSOZ\MDVQLHQLDLQIRUPDFMHLSLVPDRNROQHSNZ Z\MDVQLHQLDSDQVWZRZHMNRPLVMLZ\ERUF]HM]GQLDF]HUZFDUZVSUDZLHW]Z FLV]\Z\ERUF]HMKWPO :\MDĞQLHQLDLQIRUPDFMHRSLQLHÄ3U]HJOąGZ\ERUF]\±%LXOHW\QLQIRUPDF\MQ\´QU :\MDĞQLHQLH3DĔVWZRZHM.RPLVML:\ERUF]HM]GQLDSDĨG]LHUQLNDUZVSUDZLHWHUPLQX RERZLą]\ZDQLDÄFLV]\Z\ERUF]HM´ZSU]\SDGNXSU]HGáXĪHQLDJáRVRZDQLDKWWSSNZJRY SOZ\MDVQLHQLDLQIRUPDFMHLSLVPDRNROQHSNZZ\MDVQLHQLHSDQVWZRZHMNRPLVML Z\ERUF]HM]GQLDSD]G]LHUQLNDUZVSUDZLHWHUPLQXRERZLD]\ZDQLDFLV]\ Z\ERUF]HMZSU]\SDGNXSU]HGOX]HQLDJORVRZDQLDKWPO :\MDĞQLHQLH3DĔVWZRZHM.RPLVML:\ERUF]HM]GQLDF]HUZFDUZVSUDZLHQRV]HQLDSU]H] F]áRQNyZNRPLVMLZ\ERUF]\FKZF]DVLHZ\NRQ\ZDQLDF]\QQRĞFLZGQLXJáRVRZDQLDHOHPHQWyZ XELRUX QDZLą]XMąF\FK GR V\PEROL RUJDQL]DF\MQ\FK UHSUH]HQWRZDQHM SU]H] SDUWLL KWWS SNZJRYSOZ\MDVQLHQLDNRPXQLNDW\LLQIRUPDFMHSNZZ\MDVQLHQLHSDQVWZRZHM NRPLVMLZ\ERUF]HM]GQLDF]HUZFDUZVSUDZLHQRV]HQLDSU]H]F]ORQNRZNRPLVML Z\ERUF]\FKZF]DVLHZ\NRQ\ZDQLDF]\QQRVFLZGQLXJORVRZDQLDHOHPHQWRZXELRUX QDZLD]XMDF\FKGRV\PEROLRUJDQL]DF\MQ\FKUHSUH]HQWRZDQHMSU]H]SDUKWPO =DZDG]NL0:$PHU\FHRFLV]\QLHVá\V]HOLÄ*D]HWD:\ERUF]D´ =DZLáH]DVDG\FLV]\Z\ERUF]HMKWWSZLDGRPRVFLRQHWSOW\ONRZRQHFLH]DZLOH]DVDG\FLV]\ Z\ERUF]HMZLDGRPRVFKWPO MHMSU]HGZ\ERUDPLMHVW]DVDGQHSURFHQWEDGDQ\FKX]QDáRĪHFLV]DZ\ERUF]D MHVWSRWU]HEQDSU]\F]\PSRQDGMHGQDWU]HFLDUHVSRQGHQWyZZVND]DáD ĪHFLV]DZ\ERUF]DMHVWÄ]GHF\GRZDQLHSRWU]HEQD´DQLHPDOMHGQDF]ZDUWD ĪH MHVW ÄUDF]HM SRWU]HEQD´ &R SLąW\ S\WDQ\ Z\UD]Lá SRJOąG ĪH FLV]D Z\ERUF]DUDF]HMQLHMHVWSRWU]HEQD=GHF\GRZDQ\VSU]HFLZZREHFVWRVRZDQLD WHJRUR]ZLą]DQLDZ\UD]LáRXF]HVWQLNyZVRQGDĪX>6RQGDĪFLV]DZ\ERUF]D@ 3RSDUFLHZLĊNV]RĞFLQLHPXVLR]QDF]DüRF]\ZLĞFLHĪH]PLDQ\ZREV]DU]H IXQNFMRQRZDQLDFLV]\Z\ERUF]HMQLHVąNRQLHF]QH1LHZąWSOLZLHPLOF]HQLHQDG FLV]ąQLHMHVWZW\PSU]\SDGNXQDMVHQVRZQLHMV]\PUR]ZLą]DQLHP:UĊF]SU]H FLZQLH±Z\GDMHVLĊĪHQLH]EĊGQDMHVWGHEDWDQDGSU]\V]áRĞFLą]DND]XDJLWDFML LSXEOLNRZDQLDZ\QLNyZVRQGDĪ\ZSU]HGG]LHĔZ\ERUyZLZF]DVLHLFKWUZDQLD 1DW\OHQDLOHMHVWWRPRĪOLZHSRZLQQDWRE\üMHGQDNGHEDWDZROQDRGZ\ERU F]\FKHPRFML1LHQDOHĪ\MHMZLĊFSURZDG]LüZRNUHVLHNROHMQHMNDPSDQLLZ\ERU F]HM F]\ WHĪ QD NUyWNR SU]HG MHM UR]SRF]ĊFLHP *G\E\ ERZLHP WDN VLĊ PLDáR ]GDU]\üLQLFMDWRU]\GRNRQ\ZDQLDNRUHNWRERZLą]XMąFHJRV\VWHPXPRJOLE\VLĊ ]QDOHĨüZFLHQLXSRGHMU]HĔRPDQLSXODFMĊF]\IRUVRZDQLHUR]ZLą]DĔNRU]\VWQ\FK MHG\QLH]LFKSXQNWXZLG]HQLD7\PF]DVHPSUDZR±DZV]F]HJyOQRĞFLSUDZR Z\ERUF]H±SRZLQQRE\üZROQHRGWHJRW\SX]DU]XWyZ %LEOLRJUD¿D $QWRV]HZVNL$ZUR]P]+:LHF]RUHN3URI$QWRV]HZVNLFLV]DZ\ERUF]DQLHPDVHQVX KWWSZZZJD]HWDZURFODZVNDSODUW\NXOSURIDQWRV]HZVNLFLV]DZ\ERUF]DQLH PDVHQVXLGWKWPO"FRRNLH

&%26 2 XNU\ZDQLX V\PSDWLL SROLW\F]Q\FK %6 KWWSZZZFERVSO 63,6.2032/.BB3') &ZDOLQD:)DONRZVNL$0DUNHWLQJSROLW\F]Q\3HUVSHNW\ZDSV\FKRORJLF]QD*GDĔVN *GDĔVNLH:\GDZQLFWZR3V\FKRORJLF]QH 'HSHV]D3$3'HEDWD,63UHIHUHQGXPZVZHMĞFLDGR8(±QDPLDUĊF]HUZFD¶ ']LHQQLN8VWDZ1USR]8VWDZD]GQLDVW\F]QLDU.RGHNVZ\ERUF]\ ,QIRUPDFMDRUHDOL]DFMLSU]HSLVyZXVWDZ\]GQLDNZLHWQLDU2UG\QDFMDZ\ERUF]DGR6HMPX 5]HF]\SRVSROLWHM3ROVNLHMLGR6HQDWX5]HF]\SRVSROLWHM3ROVNLHMZZ\ERUDFKSU]HSURZDG]RQ\FK ZGQLXSDĨG]LHUQLNDUZUD]]SURSR]\FMDPLLFK]PLDQ OXWHJRU=32: KWWSSNZJRYSOZ\MDVQLHQLDLNRPXQLNDW\SNZLQIRUPDFMDRUHDOL]DFMLSU]HSLVRZXVWDZ\ ]GQLDNZLHWQLDURUG\QDFMDZ\ERUF]DGRVHMPXU]HF]\SRVSROLWHMSROVNLHMLGR VHQDWXU]HF]\SRVSROLWHMSROVNLHMZZ\ERUDFKSU]HSURZDG]RQ\FKZGQLXSD]G]LHUQLND UZUD]]SURSR]\FMDPLLFK]PLDQKWPO -DN,QWHUQHWRPLMDáFLV]ĊZ\ERUF]ąKWWSZZZUSSODUW\NXOKWPO .ROHQGD=DOHVND.)DáV]\ZDFLV]DZ\ERUF]DÄ*D]HWD:\ERUF]D´ .RZDOF]XN3*P\]&&LV]DZ\ERUF]DSVXMHGHPRNUDFMĊ" KWWSZZZUSSODUW\NXO KWPO 0D]RZLHFNL73U]HGGHF\]MąÄ*D]HWD:\ERUF]D´