• Nie Znaleziono Wyników

Widok Стилистика в свете типов речевой культуры

N/A
N/A
Protected

Academic year: 2021

Share "Widok Стилистика в свете типов речевой культуры"

Copied!
10
0
0

Pełen tekst

(1)

KYllbmypbz

OJihr A o. CMPOTMHMHA

(Capamoa)

KaK 113BeCTHO, CTMJIMCTHKa no).J,pa3).J,emi:eTC5I Ha pa3Hble OTpaCJIH 3HaHml: cpyHKQMOHaJibH851 CTMJIMCTMKa, l13y'łałO{Qa51 cpyHKQMOHaJibHO-CTHJieByłO ).J,HcpcpepeHQMaQMłO 513b1Ka; CTMJIHCTMKa xy).J,O)l{eCTBeHHOH pe'łH, M3y'łał01Q851 np11eMbl xy).J,O)l{eCTBeHHOH Bb!pa3 MTeJibHOCTM pe'łH , 11 npaKTM'łeCK851 CTHJIMCTMK a, paccMaTpMBałO�aH CMHOHMMM'łeCKMe BapttaHTbl JII0 6oro TeKCTa c TO'-łKl1 3pett11H Bb16opa nyywero cnoco6a nepe).J,a'ł11 11ttcpopMaQ1111 11 B03).J,eHCTBMH Ha 411TaTeJI51. Ka)l().J,8 51 113 3Tl1X CTI1Jil1CTl1K MO)l{eT 6bITb pacc­ MOTpeHa 11 C TO'łKM 3peHM51 OTpa)l{eHMH B TeKCTe TMn a pe'łeBOH KYJibTYPbl ero aBrnpa.

BnepBbie o T11nax pe4eBol1 KYJibTYPbI 11 11x coOTttowett1111 c 061Qel1 KYJibTypol1 'łeJIOBeKa 11 COQHaJibHbIMH KOMnOHeHT8Ml1 HaQHOH8JlbHOro H3b1Ka 3aroBop11n H.M .ToncToH (ToncToił

1 99 1 ).

3aTeM noHHTHH T11noB pe4eBol1 KYJihTYPbI yTO4HHJIHCb (He1Q11MeHKO 200 l ), caM11 T11nb1 ).J,p0611n11cb, MeHHJIMCb 11x Ha3BaHHH (C11poT11H11Ha

200 l ).

K HaCTOHIQeMy BpeMeH11 CJIO)KMJIOCb npe).J,CTaBJ1eH11e o 8 THnax pe'łeBOH KYJlbTYPbl , 113 KOTOpblX 5 ).J,eHcTByłOT B ccpepe JlHTepaTypttoro 513bIKa (nonttocpyHKQHOHaJibHbIH , HenonHocpyHKQMOHaJihHbI H , JIMTepaTypHO-)l{aproH11311py10 1Q11l1 , cpe).J,He­ mnepaTypHblH 11 0611XO).J,HblH), a 3 - 3a ero npe).J,enaMH (aprOTH'łeKHH, npocTope4HbIH, Hapo).J,Ho-pe4eBol1).

B ccpepe ).J,eHCTBl151 JlHTepaTypttoro 513b1Ka O).J,HHM 113 OCHOBHblX Kp11Tep11eB pa3rpaH11'łeH11H THnoB p e'łeBOH KYJibTYPbI HBJIHeTcH ypoBeHh 3HaHMH cpyHKQHOHaJibHO-CTHJleBOH ).J,HcpcpepeHQHaQHH JlHTepaTypttoro 513b)Ka 11 CTe­ neHb yMeHJ151 nOJ1b3OBaTbC51 B 3aBMCHMOCTl1 OT CHTyaQHH TeM HJIH HHblM

(2)

Stylistyka XIV

cpyHKQ110HaJihHblM CT11JleM. Hoc11TeJib TIOJIHOQ)YHKQ110HaJibHOrO T11na yMeeT ITOJih30BaTbCH mo6hIM CTl1JieM, HOCl1TeJib HenonHocpyHKQl10HaJibHOrO T11na MO)KeT Bl1PTY03HO BJia,n;eTb CTl1JieM CBOdi npocpecc1111 (y'-łeHblll - Hayt!HbIM CTl1JieM, )l(ypttam1cT ny6mtQ11CTJ,f'łeCKJ,fM, KaHQeJIS!pCKJ,fH pa6oTHJ,fK -,n;eJIOBbIM) J,f pa3rOBOpHOH pe'-łbIO, HO pe,n;KO cnoco6eH K CTl1JieBbIM nepe­ KJilO'-łeHJ,fSIM BHe ccpepbl CBOeH npocpeCCJ,fOHaJibHOH ,n;eSITeJibHOCTJ,f. TaK, y'-łeHblH MO)l(eT OKa3aTbCSI 6ecnOMO�HblM B COCTaBJieHJ,fJ,f KaKJ,fX-JIJ,f60 ,n;eJIOBbIX 6yMar.

CoBpeMeHHaH )K),f3Hb MHOrorpaHHa J,f Tpe6yeT OT '-łeJIOBeKa pa3Hb!X yMeHMH. TIOJIHOCTblO YAOBJieTBOpS!eT BCeM B03HJ,fKaIO�J,fM B )l(J,f3Hl1 no­ TPe6HOCn!M o6�eHMSI TOJibKO BJia,n;ett11e TIOJIHOQ)YHKQMOHaJibHbIM TMITOM pe'-łeBoił KYJibTYPhI, KOTopoe, K CO)KaJieHmo , BCTpeqaeTcH pe,n;Ko. Eorrhllle pacnpoCTpaHeH B COBpeMeHHOM pOCCJ,fHCKOM o6�eCTBe Hen01rnocpyHK­ QMOHaJibHblll TMTI pe'-łeBoił KYJihTYPhI, a e�e qa�e (no)Karryi1, 3TO 6orrb­

lllMHCTBO HaceneHMSI) BCTpe'-łaeTCSI cpe,n;HeJI11TepaTypHblH Tl1IT.

B OTJIM'-IJ,fe OT HenOJIHocpyHKQJ,fOHaJibHOro, AJISI cpe,n;HeJIMTepaTypHoro TMna xapaKTepHO He TOJlbKO HeyMeHMe ITOJib30BaTbCH 6orree '-łeM ABYMH cpyHKQMOHaJibHbIMl1 CTMJIHMl1 (npocpecC110HaJibHO o6ycrroBJieHHblH 11 pa3rOBOpHbIH), HO M He3HaHJ,fe Toro, '-ITO cy�eCTBYlOT J1Hble cpyHKQJ,fO­ HaJibHbie CTJ,fJIJ,f. ,ll;JIH HOCMTeJIH cpe,n;HeJIMTepaTypHoro T11na IT03TOMY O'-łeHb xapaKTepHa TPe6oBaTeJibHaH KpMTl1Ka "HeTIOHHTHOro" TeKCTa Hay'-łHblX CTaTeH, 3aKOHOB J,f T.)l;.

O6MXOAHbIH TMTI OTJil1'-łaeTCH Bna,n;eHMeM TOJibKO pa3rOBOpHOH pe'-łblO, KOTopaH M MCTIOJlh3yeTCH HOCl1TeJIHMl1 3Toro TMna B mo6oi1 CMTyaQMl1, OTCIO,n;a MX 6ecnOMO�HOCTb J,f HeBpa3yMJ,fTeJibHOCTb B ny6Jil1'-IHOM J,f TIJ,fCb­ MeHHOM o6�eHMl1.

OT Bcex nepe'-111CJieHHbIX - ecTeCTBeHHO CKJia,ll;hIBaIO�l1XCH B npoQecce o6y'-łeHJ,fH J,f npocpeCCJ,fOHaJibHOH ,n;eSITeJibHOCTJ,f TJ,fTIOB - pe3KO OTJIJ,f'-łaeTCH 11CKYCCTBeHHO C03,ll;aHHblll B KOHQe

XX

B. )KypHaJil1CTaMM POCCMl1 JIMT­ epaTypHO-)KaprOHM3MpyIO�l1H T11n pe'-łeBoił KYJihTYPhI. K KOHQY XX B. BO Bcex crpattax B CMH, oco6eHHO B ycTHOM o6�eHJ,fJ,f, yCMJIJ,fBaeTcH pa3-roBopHaH cTpyH [OprroB

1 99 1 ,

KocTOMapoB

1 999,

KapacMK 2004, Fairclouch

1 995, Crystal

2004 M .n;p.), HO B pyccK11x CMH KpoMe Qenecoo6pa3Horo 11cn­

OJib30BaHMH CHM)KeHHbIX HBJieHMH H3bIKa KaK PJ,fTOpH'-łeCKOH KaTeropMM pa3-rOBOpHOCTM [CMpOTMHMHa

1 998]

B pe'-IM HOCMTenej;j TIOJIHO - 11 Hen­ OJIHO<pyHKQMOHaJibHOrO TMTIOB pe'-łeBOH KYJibTYPbl, B KOHQe XX B. lll11pOKO pacnpOCTPaHJ,fJIOCb BKJilO'-łeHMe B )l;J,fCKypCbl CMH mo6bIX CHJ,f)KeHHblX CJIOB

(3)

M cj>opM (He TOJibKO pa3rOBOpHbIX, HO 11 HeJIMTepaTypHbIX: )KaprOHHbIX, npo­ CTopeLJHbIX, ,n:HarreKTHbIX, .n:a)Ke o6cu.eHHbIX) pa,n:M caMoro CHH)KeHH51 pe'IH. TaK )KypHaJIHCTaMM 6hrn C03,n:aH oco6b1ił Jil1TepaTypHO-)KaproHM3MpyIOI..LI.MM

nm

peLJeBoi1 KYJihTYPhI. Jl11TepaTypHo - nocKOJihKY 3a HCKmo'-leHHeM CHH­ )KeHHbIX KOMTTOHeHTOB ,n:HCKypca ero HOCMTerr11 TTOJIHOCTbIO co6nro,n:aIOT HOp­ Mbl JIHTepaTypHoro 513bIKa, )KaproH11311py10r.u.11ił - nocKOJibKY M.R HaM­ epeHHoro CHH)KeHl151 pe'-111 (e,n:11HCTBeHHaH cj>yITT<U.HSI, B OTJTl1'-1He OT nap­ OJib HOM HJIM 3aurncj>pOBb1BaIOr.u.eił CMbIC JI pa,n:H ero COKpbITl151 OT TTOCTOpOHHHX B aproT11 1.J eCKOM TMne) 11CTT OJib3YIOTCH JII06bie Herr-11TepaTypHbie CJIOBa H cj>opMbl, B TOM 'Il1CJTe O'-!eHb WHpOKO - )KaprOHHbie.

3TOT Tl1n peLJeBOH KYJibTYPbl OLJeHb HeraTl1BHO BJil1HeT Ha ypoBeHb pe'I­ eBOH KYJibTYPhI o6r.u.ecrna, TaK KaK pe'Ib B CMM ,n:rr.R Hoc11Terreił cpe­ ,n:HeJIHTepaTypHoro H 0611xo,n:Horo T11na BOCnpHHHMaeTCH B KaLJeCTBe 3Ta­ JIOHa npaBMJibHOił, xopowei1 pel.JM, a Ha caMoM ,n:erre TOJTbKO nopTMT, 3ac­ opHeT peLJb, He o6orar.u.aH HM pe'Ib, Hl1 Jil1TepaTypHb!M H3b!K. TaKOBO, HanpHMep, ynoTPe6rreHMe Hape'-!MH HaOblCb, Ha.JlteOHU BMecTo JIMTepaTypHoro HeOaBHO, QKKypam BMeCTO JIMTepaTypHb!X KOK pa3, mol/HO, no HOBOU BMeCTO JIMTepaTypHoro CHOBa M T.,n:.

TaK l1M o6pa30M, cj>aKTH'IeCKl1 BCH cj>yHKU.110HaJibHaH CTMJIMCTMKa , cj>yH,n:aMeHT KOTopoił 6brn 3aJIO)KeH B.B.BMHorpa,n:OBbIM, a caMo "3,n:aHMe" BhICTPOeHo B pa6ornx E.H.rorroB11Ha, M.H.Ko)KMHoił 11 ,n:pyrnx yLJeHbIX, 3TO HayKa O cj>yHKU.MOHaJibHO-CTl1JieBOH ,n:Hcj>cj>epeHU.Mau.11 11 JIHTepaTypHoro H3bIKa B pel.JM HOCMTerreił norrHocj>yHKU.MOHaJibHOro TMna peLJeBOM KYJibTYPhl. B pel.JM HOCMTerreił .n:pyrMX Tl1TTOB OHa 11CTTOJib3yeTCH JIMWb LJaCTM'IHO MJIH Boo6r.u.e He Y'IHTbIBaeTC51 (pe'Ib HOCMTerreił o6HXO,n:Horo TMna TaK )Ke CTMJIMC TMLJ e C K M MOHOTOHHa, KaK M pe'Ib n pocTopeLJHOro T M n a ) . <I>yHKU.MOHaJibHO-CTl1JieBOM ,n:Mcj>cj>epeHu.MaU.11M JIMTepaTypHoro 513bIKa Ha,n:o o6yLJaTb, K BJia,n:eHMIO eIO Ha,n:o CTpeMl1TbCH, HO peaJibHO OHa npe,n:cTaBJieHa TOJibKO B O,n:HOM (He O'IeHb pacnpocTpaHeHHOM) THne peLJeBOM KYJibTYPbI.

CTMJil1CTMKa xy,n:O)KeCTBeHHOM peq11 TaK)Ke OCHOBaHa Ha pe3yJihTaTax aHaJIM3a pel.JM n 11caTerreił - HOCMTerreił norrHocj>yHKU.MOHarrbHOro THna peLJeBOM KYJibTYPhI. llMeHHO HOCMTeJIM 3TOro TMna OTJIMLJaIOTCH TBOp'IeCKMM HaLJaJIOM B CBOeH pel.JM, TTO3TOMY TaK LJaCTO 06orar.u.a10T JIHTepaTypHblM H3b!K, BBO.D:51 B Hero HOBbie, CBe)l(He, HO TBOp'IeCKM onpaB,n:aHHbie cpaBHeHMH, MeTacj>opbl, HeO)l<H,n:aHHYIO COLJeTaeMOCTb CJIOB, CO3,n:aBaH MX npeu.e,n:eHTHOe ynoTpe6rreHMe B pel.JM 11 pH,n:OBb!X HOCMTerreił 513b!Ka. Er.u.e O.D:MH npM3HaK TTOJIHocj>yHKU.HOHaJibHOro TMna -TBOp'-!eCKOe OTHOWeHHe K H3bIKY,

(4)

cj>opMH-Stylistyka XIV

py101.IJ.ee aBTopcKoe CBoeo6pa311e pe,m, 11}].HOCTHJIH n11caTendł, )l(yp­ HaJ111CTOB, ytc!eHbIX.

0:MeHHO T8KJ1e n11caTeJ111, yMeJIO 11CTIOJ1b3Y51 3CTeTJ1'-leCKYIO KaTeropmo pa3rOBOpHOCTl1 (C11pOTHHHH8 1998), He TOJTbKO C03}].8JOT J,IJ1JTJ0311l0, '!TO HX nepCOH8)1(11 roBOpH (a He n11wyT), HX pe'!eBhie nopTpeTbl, yrny6JI5151 xy}].O)l(eCTBeHHbIH o6p83, HO Hepe}].KO 11 MeH51lOT 061.IJ.yIO CTl1J111CTH'!eCKYlO CTPYKTYPY n11TepaTypHoro 513hJKa: }].eJiaJOT ee pa3Hoo6pa3Hee, npoTHBO­ nocTaBJIHH KHl1)1(HOe 11 pa3rOBOpHoe, 06ora1.IJ.8IOT JIHTepaTypHblH 513bll< HOBbIMH CJIOB8Ml1 H HOBbIMH 3H8'!eHH51Ml1 CT8pblX CJIOB .

HornTeJIH Apyr11x THTIOB pe'-!eBoM KYIThTYPhl 3acopHIOT 513hJK:

• ypO}].J111BblMH o6pa30B8HH51Ml1 (lfumamell/O oaOelW 603MO:>ICl-tOCmb no'ły-8Cm808Qmb - B. KpaKOBCKHH, HauctJacm.nueeuU1.ue epeMelta, "OKrn6pb"

1 995, N27, c.98; oaoeHo Eo20M -

,ll

JfonCKepoB , CopoK nem lfaHb:>IC03, "HoB.M11p" 1 996, N26, c. 18; He CJIUUI.KOM nu MaJleHbKOe 3aoaHbUtfe eMy oaoeHO - n. rypcKHH, Cnacmu npe3uOeHma, CapaTOB 1 998, c.38);

• HeTip8Bl1JlbHblMH 3H8'1eHH51MH ()KeHU{UHQ, y KOmOpOU Hem oemeu, 3mO

apme<jJaKm, 3mo 0U1.u6Ka npupoob1 -

<l>.

He3HaHCKHH, OnaCHo OM ;JICU3HU,

M. 1998, C. 329);

• HenpaBOMepHOH CO'-!eTaeMOCTbIO (uHmeHCU8J-tOe ene'łamneHue <l>.He3H8HCKHH , KapmeJlb npaeocyowt, M. 1998, c. 22: JlUHwt mpaeKmopuu - <l>.He3HaHCKHH, HotJHou cHaunep: M. 2003, c. 200);

• HeOnpaB}].8HHblMl1 )1(8pf0HH3M8Ml1 (B I'yp3y<j}e Hapoo npo08UHymee OmO­ blXaem, mCJM c,op npoKaHaem, a 30ecb Ui.UpOKUe HapOOHble MQCCbl, UM 'łmO nonpoute iJaeau - <l>.He3HaHCKHH,HeKapcmeo OJlR noKoii.HuKa, M. 2000, c. 1 36). Oco6eHHO MHOro HenpaBHJibHOro BCTpeąaeTC51 B He O'-!eHb rpaMOTHbIX nepeB0}].8X }].8)1(e xopournx xy}].0)l(eCTBeHHbIX TeKCT0B: He HaUl.eJl nooo6HblX HeJlutfenpWlmHblX ceeoeHuu (A. A311MOB,

P.M. ArrrreH HHrjJepHa,

M., 1999),

Mozym 803HUKHymb npo6fleMbl, C KOmOpblMU Ha8pRO JIU Ho3Jlb cyMeem cnp­

aeumbCJI,

(P. na}].JI3M, 3aeeutaHue XollK

po<jJma,

M., 200 1 , c. 158); 2omoea Ha

ece, 'łe20 6bl OH HU no;JICeJlaem - T8M )l(e, C. 9 58; B :>ICU3HU, cnomKHY8UI.UCb, MO:>IC­ HO Ha'łamb no H080u - (A. Kpucmu. KoU1.Ka cpeou 20Jly6eu,

M.

2000, C. 73) l1 T.}]..

TaKHM o6pa30M, 11 CTHJIHCTHKa xy}].0)l(eCTBeHHOH peą11 - 3T0 HayKa 06 HCTHHHO xy}].O)KeCTBeHHOH pe'-111, KOT0pyIO cnoco6Hbl npo}].yQHp0B8Tb TOJibKO HOCHTeJIH TIOJIHOQlYHKQ110H8JlbHOro THna peąeBOH KYJibTyphl. Ilp0113Be}].eHH51 HHblX n11caTeJieH B CBOeM 60Jibllil1HCTBe ql8KTH'-!eCKl1 npe}].­ CT8BJI51l0T nceB,11;oxy}].o)l(ecTBeHHYIO JIHTepaTypy - MaccoByro KYJibTYPY ,

(5)

KOTopyro H.l1. ToncTott cooTHOCHJI c npocTopeąHott (:no, KOHeąHo, He Bcer­ ,Aa TaK -

O.C.)

peąeBott KYJihTypoii.

TipaKTHąecKaSI CTHJIHCTHKa HMeeT ,AeJIO c Bhr6opoM nyąwero BapHaHTa, HO ocyI.QeCTBJieHHe BhI6opa OTTS!Tb-TaKH ).J;OCTYTTHO, npe)K,Ae Bcero HOCHTeJISIM TTOJIHO<pyHKQHOHaJihHOro THna, ).J;JISI KOTOpbIX xapaKTepHO MaKCHMaJibHO TTOJIHOe BJia)].eHHe B03M0)1(HOCTSIMH Sl3bIKa, ero CHHOHHMHąeCKHM 6oraT­ CTB O M .

B

.ll.py n,x THnax peąeBott KYJihTYPhI B03MO)KHOCTl1 Bb16opa orpaH11ąeHbI. qeM HH)Ke ypoBeHb KYJihTYPhl ąenoBeKa, TeM MeHbllle ero He TOJihKO 061.QeKyJihTYPHhitt, HO 11 SI3hIKOBoi1 Kpyro3op.

B

0611xo)l.HOM THne HCTTOJ1b3YJOTCSI TOJlbKO HaH6onee ąacTOTHbie CJIOBa 11 o6opOTbl pe411, nepBbIMH npHXO).J;SII.QHe Ha YM H TTOTOMY nerKO BocnpOH3BO)l.HMble. ,D;JISI HOCHTeJiett o6HXO)l.HOrO H cpe)l.HeJIHTepaTypHoro THTTOB peąeBOH KYJihTypbI Tl1TTl14HO 6e3.ll.YMHOe Bocnpo1nBe)].eH11e K MeCTY 11 He K MeCTy peKJiaMHbIX coąeTaHl1H CJIOB, Ha30HJIHBO nOBTOpS!eMbIX pa)l.HO H TeJieBl1)l.eH11eM (8 OOHOM. </JnaKOHe, OBa 8 001-toM., MOR ceM.bR., omnul.f.Hoe Half.ano, noOKn/Ol/auca no BKYCHOM.y), TTOBTOp O,AHHX 11 Tex )Ke CJIOB 113-3a Manoro CJIOBapHoro 3anaca, 6e3,AYMHOe BOCnp0113Be)l.eH11e HenpaBl1JlbHhIX y)l.apeHl1H, ycJibilllaHHbIX "no TeJieBH30py", (K8apman, 8Kn101.f.UU/.b, XOOamaucmBO).

B

JIHTepaTypHO-)KaprOHH311pyIOI.QeM T11ne B03MO)KH0CTl1 Bb16opa , KOHeąHo, eCTb, HO 113-3a JIO)l(HO TTOHSITOro :naJIOHa xopoweii peą11 ocyI.QeCT­ BJISieTCSI TT011CK He Ha116onee TOąHoro, y)l.aąHoro, Bblpa311TeJibHOro CJIOBa, a TTOl1CK (11HOr)l.a )l.a)l(e B CJIOBapsix, HO He HOpMaTl1BHbIX) HeJ111TepaTypHoro CJIOBa B 3aMeHy Jil1TepaTypHoro, 11HOCTpaHHOro - B 3aMeHy pyccKoro. ,LJ;a)Ke np11 SIBHO M 3a TeMHeHl111 CMbICJia 113-3a ynoTpe6JieHl1SI HenOHSITHOro ą11TaTeJlłO CJIOBa.

H

TaK, CTl1Jil1CTl1Ka B Jlł060tt CBOeH pa3HOBl1,AHOCTl1 113yąaeT <pyHKQl10-HHp OBaH11 e Sl3hlKa B peą11 TTOJIHO<pyHKQl10HaJibHOro T11na peąeBOH KYJibTYPhI, T.e. 3TaJIOH <pyHKQl10H11pOBaHl1SI Sl3bIKa. O)l.HaKO B03MO)KeH 11 .ll.pyrott acneKT paCCMOTpeHl1SI B3al1MO)l.eHCTBl1SI CTl1J111CTl1Kl1 11 Tl1TTOB peąeBOH KYJihTyphr. Ha6JlłO.ll.eH11S1 3a pe%JO npe,ACTaBl1Tenei1 pa3HhIX T11noB peąeBott KYJihTYPhI noKa3aJrn, ąTo:

1 ) Tl1n peąeBOH KYJihTYPbI OTpa)KaeTCSI, HO npSIMO B peą11 He Bbipa)l(aeTCSI (HeT npsiMott 3aB11c11MOCT11 T11na peąeBoH KYJihTYPhI 11 KaąecTBa peą11 [C11po­ THHHHa 2003]);

2) OTpa)l(eH11e B peą11 THna peąeBOH KYJihTYPhI 11MeeT pa3HYIO cTeneHh CBoero npOSIBJieHI1SI B pa3Hb!X <pyHKQ110HaJibHblX CTl1JISIX (B pa3HhIX c<pepax,

(6)

Stylistyka XIV

ycnOBl151X 11 cpopMax 06ll.\eH1151), a 3TO, B CBOIO O'-lepe.nb, np051CH51eT B3811MO­ .neikTBl1e CT11Il11CTl1Kl1 11 Cl1CTeMbl Tl1TTOB pe'-leBOH KYTibTYPbl.

Ilp11MeH11TenbHO K coBpeMeHHOMY pyccKoMy 513hIKY BhI)I.en51IOT .nenoBoi1, H8Y'-1Hbll1, ny6n11u,11CTl14eCKl111, XYJJ.O)l(eCTBeHHbll1 11 pa3rOBOpHbl11 cpyHK­ U,110HanbHbie CT11n11. He Kaca51Cb cnopOB O CT11neBOM 11n11 513b!KOBOM CTaTyce 3Tl1X Tl1TTOB cpyHKU,110H11pOBaHJ151 513b!Ka (4all.\e BCero rOBOp51T 06 oco6oM 513bIKe np11MeH11TeJibHO K 513bIKY XYJJ.O)l(eCTBeHHOH JIHTepaTypbl 11 pa3rOB­ OpHOl1 pe'-111), a TaK)Ke HeH36e)l(HblX nepeXO)I.HbIX 30H, 11Hor.na BbI)I.en51eMbIX B Ka'-leCTBe caMOCT051TenbHblX CT11ne11 (Hanp11Mep, Hay'-lHO-nonyn51pHbIH), OTMeT11M TOJ!bKO y)l(e CJI0)1(11BWYIOCSI npaKTl1KY BbIJ].eneHl151 oco6oro pemU-1103 HOro (u,epKOBHO- pen11rH03 HOro) CTl1TISI (KpbinOBa

2003),

11MeIOll.\ero CBOIO ccpepy 06ll.\eHl151, HO 06ll.\YIO C ny6n111.-111cT11'-1eCKl1M CTl1neM cpyHKU,J.ilO B03)I.eHCTBl1SI (pellb He 11)].eT O Tex cny4asix, KOr)J.a B u,epKOBHOH npaKTHKe 11cnonh3yeTC51 4Y)K011 Sl3hlK - naTl1 HCKl111 B KaTon11'-leCKOM 6orocny)KeHl111 11n11 u,epKOBHOCnaBSIHCKl111 - B npaBocnaBHOM).

Cna6ee Bcero pa3JIH411SI B pe'-111 npe.ncTaB11Terre11 pa3HbIX T11noB pelłeBOH KYITbTYPhI np051BTI51IOTC51 B 0611xo.ntto11 ccpepe 06ll.\eH1151. Pa3roBopHa51 pelłb c ee on opoH Ha c11Tyau,1110 11 06W.HOCTb annepu,em_\HOHHOH 6a3bl , C M11Hl1MYMOM 3a60Tbl o cpopMe Bbipa)l(eHl1SI 11 He1136e)l(HOl1 cnoHTaHHOCTbIO penn11K He ocTaBJrneT BpeMeH11 Ha Bb16op cnoB 11 KOHCTPYKU.1111. Ilo3TOMY TaKa51 pe'-lb )J.a)l(e y 6eccnopHoro Hoc11Ten51 nonHocpyHKu,110Hanbttoro T11na peqeBOH KYTibTYPbl MO)l(eT 6b!Tb T8K )l(e HeBp83YMl1TenbHa, KaK y HOCl1Ten51 caMoro Hl13Koro 0611xo.nHoro nma (Hanp11Mep, B peq11 npocpeccopa -cp11110nora: Bee iJeJ10 e moM, JleHa, mym Oello He e 3mOM, mym oello eaMoe 2JIQ(J1-l0e (J mOM, t.tmo HY:JICHO, t.tmo6bl 01-IU 6blJIU eMe:NerlblMU -TTOBTOp O)I.HHX J,I Tex )Ke cnoB B Hl1KaK He .naIOll.\el1C51 nonbITKe Bblpa311Tb MblCTib ).

KoHelJHO, 6onblll011 o6beM MarHHTOq>OHHblX 3an11ce11 pa3rOBOpHOH pe'-111 pa3Til1'-ll151 Me)K.ny nmaMl1 Bb151BITS!eT.

Y

HOCl1Tensi nonHocpyHKU,110H8JlbHOro nma 3Ha'-111TenhHO pa3Hoo6pa3Hee neKc11Ka, np11 3TOM Bee cnoBa (KHl1)KHbie, 11H OCTpaHH ble 11n11 CHl1)KeHH bie, )I.a)Ke 11Hor.na npOCTOpe'-IHb!e 11 n11 .n11aneKTHb!e) 11CTTOJ!b3YIOTC51 u,enecoo6pa3HO, Tor.na KaK B pe411 HOCl1TeJ151 0611XO)J.HOro TJ.ina neKCHKa 3Ha 411TenbHO 6e.nHee, a KHl1)1(Hb!e CJIOBa (Hepe.D;KO 11X ,ll;a)l(e 60JibWe) 11CTTOITb3YIOTC51 HenpaBl1JlbHO, Hey)J.al!HO (Bee C1-1€:JIC1-lble </Ju2ypbl paem{l5l.Jlu KouKpemno ). Ho B ManoM cpparMeHTe pe411 pa31111q1111 MO)KeT 11 He 6bITb.

Mano B03MO)KHOCTei1 )I.IT51 Bb151BneHl151 Tl1TTOB pelłeBOH KYITbTypbl J:{aeT 11 ,ll;eJIOBOH CTl1ITb. Hecneu,11an11cT 38TPYAHS!eTCSI He TOJ!bKO B COCT3BJieHI111, H O

(7)

)].a)l(e 11 B noHHMaHHH )].eJIOBbIX )].OKyMeHTOB. OTCIO)].a CTpeMJieHHe CHa6)].HTb ero rOTOBbIMH cpopMaMH - 6rraHKaMH He TOJibKO npH 3anonHeHHH HanorOBOH )].eKnapau:1111, HO )];a)l(e np11 Ham1caHHH a)];peca Ha KOHBepTe, BO MH0rHX opraHl13aQHSIX BbIBeUJHBaIOTCSI o6pa3Qbl 3aSIBJieHHH 11 T.)].. O<pHQHaJibHbie )].0KyMeHTbl ocpopMJI.SIIOTCSI c n0M0I.l.{blO IOpHCT0B, pa6oTaeT H0pM0K0H­ TP0Jib , no3T0MY o6pa6oTaHHbie TeKCTbl y)l(e He BbISIBJISilOT HeyMeHIUI HX nepB0Ha'-!aJibHblX aBT0p0B.

YpoBeHb pe'łeBOH KYJibTYPhl aBT0pa )].0KyMeHTa np0SIBJISieTCSI B roT0B0M )].0Ky M eHTe CKp bITOH OT HCCJie)].0B aTem1 CTeneH blO n0M0I.l.{H B ero C0CTaBJieHl111 HJil1 He06XO)].HMOro pe)].aKT11p0BaHl1SI. ,ll;enaTb 3aKJilO'-!eHl1SI 06 yp0BHe pe'-!eBOH KYJibTYPhI C0CTaBHTeJISI )].0KyMeHTa M0)l(H0 T0JibK0 Ha MaTepHane nepBH'-!HbIX (He o6pa6oTaHHhIX HJil1 Han11caHHblX no o6pa3u;y) 3aSIBJieHl1H rpa)l()].aH, MHJIHQeHCKl1X 11 cy)].e6HbIX np0T0K0JI0B. Hanp11Mep, oąeB11)].eH Hl13K11ił ypoBeHb peąeBOH KYJihTYPhI -B np11Be)].eHHhIX npHMepax B CTaTbe

E.A

,ll;O)].bI'-leHKO (,ll;O)].bI'łeHKO

2004):

0603peBamb nacnopm, :>ICUmb pROOM no coceocmBy, Hanucamb (jJaKmbz, npunucamb 11eKapcmBo 11 T.JJ.. ; B yqe6HOM noco61111 H.H.11BaKl1HOH (l1BaK11Ha

1 997):

HcaKOB, cyMelOU,(.UU BblXBamumb HO:>IC y nOOCyOUM020, npeOOmBpamUJI mR:JICKUe noc11eocmBU.51.," Kupnul/, 6poUleHHblU J'3106ou, cmyKHYII }J(UJluHa no 20110Be, coBepUluB meM CaMblM oep3Koe xy11u2a1tcmBo; Heu3Becm1tblU 2p-1t 1ta6UJ1 nomepneBtue20; J'h cmo110BOU 6bVZO noXUUf.ellO Kypeu (J KOIIU'-łeCmBe

200

tumyK 1-ł T.)];.

To'łHO TaK )l(e T0JibK0 no nepB11'-IHblM (He orpe)].aKTHpOBaHHbIM) CTaTbSIM H B YCTHblX BblCTynneHl1.SIX M0)l(H0 CYJJ.11Tb O np0.SIBJieHH.SIX B nl1CbMeHH0M TeKcTe Hay'-!ttoro CTl1JI.SI Toro HJIH HHoro T11na peąeBoH KYJihTYPhI, nocK0JihKY Hay'-!HblH H Jil1TepaTypHblH pe)].aKT0p ycrpaH.SIIOT Bee np0.SIBJieHl1.SI Hl13K0r0 KYJihTypHoro ypoBH.SI aBTopa. Ha116onee Bepo.SITHhI ycTpaHeH11.SI cne)].0B cpe)].HeJIHTep aTyp Horo T11na (n11TepaTypH O-)l(aprOHH3Hp yIOI.l.{HH 11 0 6 11 X O)].HblH cpe)].11 yąeHblX np0CT0 He B CTpe'-!aIOTC .SI , a HenorrH0-cpyHKU:HOHaJibHbIH B n11CEMeHH0M TeKCTe CBOeH npocpeCCHl1 He )].aeT OTJIH'-11111 OT nonHocpyHKu;110HaJihHoro). 51pąe Bcero pa3JIH'-111.SI B T11nax pe'-!eBOH KYJihTypbl aBT0p0B Tel<CTa Bl1)].Hbl B np0113Be)].eHl1SIX ny6nHQHCTH'-!eCKOro (oco6eHHO B YCTH0M ny6Jil1'-IHOM )].11CKypce) 11 XYJJ.0)l(eCTBeHH0ro CTl1JISI.

YcTHa.SI ny6n11ąHa.SI peąb, oco6eHHO HenowoT0BJieHHa.SI, Bcer)].a orpa)l(aeT Tl1n pe'-!eBoH KYJihTYPhI JJ.0CTaT0'-IH0 SipKo. TonhKO ttoc11Ten11 nontto­ cpyHKU:HOHaJihHoro Tl1na peąeBOH KYJibTYPhl '-leTK0 orrpaHH'łl1BaIOT ee OT CTpyKTyp nHChMeHHOH cpopMbl peą11 (He 11cn0Jib3YIOT np11ąacTHbIX 11 )].eenp11ąacTHbIX o6opoTOB, rpoM03)].KHX nocTpOeH11H), yMeIOT CTp011Tb

(8)

MO-Stylistyka XIV

Honor, He .u.onycKaIOT c11cTeMHbIX ourn6oK. B ycTHOH pe'-!11 HOCHTenei1 .u.a)Ke HenonHocpyHK�HOHaJibHOfO nma, He r0Bop51· Y>K O cpe.u.HeJI11TepaTypHOM, Bcer.u.a Oll.l,yll.l,aeTCSl «OfJISl,ll.Ka» Ha TTl1CbMeHHYIO cpopMy pe'-IH, BCTpe'-IaIOTCSl oum6KH B npOH3HOUJeHHH H y.u.apeHHSlX. XapaKTepHO CJie,ll.OBaHHe npo­ cpeCCHOHaJibHblM y3yaJibHblM HOpMaM y.u.apeHHSl (y Me,ll.HKOB -aJIK020llb, lta­ pKOMQHUJl, y IOpHCTOB - ocy:J1cOeH, oe110 8036y:)(C0erto, y KOH,ll.11TepoB - mopma H T.,ll..), qero He .u.onycKaIOT HOCl1TeJrn nOJIHocpyHK�HOHaJibHOro THna - npe.u.­ CTaB11TeJI11 Tex )l(e npocpeccwi1. Y Hoc11Tenei1 cpe.u.HeJIHTepaTypHoro T11na MO­ )KHO BCTpeTHTb H KeapmQJI, cpeocmea, eOb (noB. HaKn. OT rrrarorra exaTb), Ha­ pyUieHHH HOpM MHOro, 11 OHl1 CHCTeMHbl, a He cny'-IaHHbl.

HoCHTeJISl o6HXO,ll.HOro THna BbI.U,aeT HeyMeHHe CTp011Tb MOHOJIOr (Bee BpeMSl o6pall.l,eHHSl K Henocpe.u.cTBeHHOMy a.u.pecaTy: Tbz MertR noHflll?) rrpH 11rHop11poBaHl1H B11pTyaJibHOro, HO 11CTHHHOro a.u.pecaTa ny6Jil1'-IHOro ,ll.HCKypca.

Pe'-IeBaSl KYJihTypa - 3TO 11MeHHO KYJihTypa ('-IaCTb o6ll.l,eH KYJibTYPbI), a He pe'-Ib q enoBeKa. T11n pe'-IeBOH KYJibTYPbI - xapaKTep OTHOUJeH11Sl K 3HaHHSlM, npe>K.u.e BCero - O 513bIKe 11 ero HOpMax. HocHTeJib noJIHocpyHK�HOHaJibHOrO THna pe'-IeBOH KYJibTYPbl CTpeMHTCH K nonOJIHeHHIO CBOHX 3HaHl1H, no­ CTOSlHHO CBepSleT 11X co CJIOBapHMl1 H cnpaBOl.JHl1KaMH, K0HTp0JrnpyeT 11 co­ BepUieHCTByeT CBOIO pe'łb. HocHTeJib cpe.u.HeJIHTepaTypHoro THna B 3TOM OT­ HOllleHHH ero aHTHTT0,ll.. ,Ll;JISl Hero xapaKTepHa «caMoyBepeHHaSl 6 e-3rpaMOTH0CTb», HaCTaHBaH11e Ha npaBHJlbHOCTl1 CBOero npOH3HOUieHHSl, y.u.apeHHSl (maK no me11eeu30py 20eopRm - 3HaT.Jum :Jmo npaeUllbrto), crr­ OBoynoTpe6neHHSl ( Oouo3no - :Jmo :>1ce om c11oea «ooa»), nonHoe oTcyTCTBHe )l(eJiaHHSI npoBepHTb CBOH 3HaHl151. OTCIO,ll.a aHeK,ll.OTl1'łeCKl1e YTBep)l{,ll.eHHSl HeKOTOpbIX rope-)l{ypHaJIHCTOB, '-ITO pyccKHH 513b[K np11.u.yMaJIH 6orrrapbl,

«THTaHHK» 3aToHyn B T11xoM oKeaHe, a Caxan11H - nonyocTpOB.

HocHTeJib o6HXO,ll.HOro THrra B c11ny pa3Hb!X o6CTOSITeJibCTB (He HMeJI B03M0)KHOCTH HJIH He XOTeJI Y'-IHTbCSl) npOCTO He nO,ll.03peBaeT O cpyHK­ �H O HaJib H 0-CTHJieB O H .U.H ep cpepeH �Ha�l1 H JIHTepa TYPHOro Sl 3 b! K a , Heo6xo)],HMOCTH HCKaTb 6onee T0l.JHbie H 6onee Bbipa3HTeJibHbie CJI0Ba H o6opOTbl. 3TO ero 6e)].a.

A

HOCl1TeJib JIJ,1TepaTypHO-)[(aproHH3Hpy10ll.l,ero THna MH0roe 3HaeT, HO JIH6o He XO'łeT ITO)].'łHHSITbCSl 06ll.l,enp11HSlTblM H0pMaM peYeBoro ITOBe)].emrn, 6paB11pyH rrpaBOM Ha CB06o)].y caMOBbipa­ )l(eHHSl , B T O M 'łHCJie H o 6c�eHHOH rreKCH K O H . J1H6o ('łTO 6 o rr e e pacnpocTpaHeHo), OTTaJIKHBaSlCb BCeMH Sl3blKOBblMH cpe)].CTBaMH OT C0BeT­ CKoro ocp11�Ho3a, 113-3a JI0)KHO ITOHSlToro narroHa xopollleH pe'-IH 11 6rraroro

(9)

)l{enamrn ;::i:eMOKpani:3HpOBaTb 513hIK, HaBOAHHeT ny6nH'łHhIH A11CKypc H

XYJJ:O)KeCT- BeHHYIO pe'łb nceB,D,OHapO,D,HhIMH cnoBe'łKaMH 11 )l{aprOHl13MaMH,

noqepnttyThIMH 113 CnoeapR ,U:an51, cn0Bape11 rrareptto11 <peH11 11 6paHHOH

neKCHKH. CTHTIHCTl1Ka c no;::i:o6Hh!Ml1 TeKCTaMH ;::i:ena HMeTb He ,/J,Oil)l{Ha,

nOCKOilhKY OHM ;::i:eMOHCTpHpyIOT HeQerrecoo6pa3HOe yn0Tpe6nem,1e 513hl­

·

KoBbIX

cpe;::i:cTB.

)J;oJJ.bilJ.eHKO

E.A., 2004,

B11uRHue pe'leBoi't Ky11bmypbI npeocmaBume11eli cyoe6Hoi't

B11acmu Ha ee aBmopwnem.

-

IIpo611eMbl pe'leBoii KOMMyHuKa4uu,

CapaToB,

BbIIT.4.

l1saK11Ha H .H., 1997,

IIpo(/JeccuoHa/lbHaR pe'lb 10pucma. Y'le6Hoe noco6ue,

MocKBa.

Kapac11K B.11., 2004,

Jl3blK08oli Kpy2: Jlu'IHOCmb. K0Hi1enmb1. /{ucKypc,

MocKBa.

KocrnMapoB B.r., 1999,

Jl3blKOBoii BKyc 3noxu,

CaHKT-TieTep6ypr.

KpbIJIOBa O.A., 2003,

f..IepK08HO-pe11uzuo3Hbni cmullb.

-

Cmu11ucmu'leCKULt 3HL/U·

Klloneou'lecKuu CJIOBapb pyccK020 R3blKa,

MocKsa.

HeI..l.(11MeHKO

r.n.,

200 I ,

/{UHQML/KQ pe'le8020 cmaHoapma: IIpo611eMbl. TeHOeHt/ULI

pmBumw1,

"Bonpocb1 J13bIK03Hamu1", NQ I.

OpnoB r.A., 1 99 1 ,

CoBpeMeHHaR aH211wicKaR pe'lb,

MocKsa.

C11poTHHHHa O.E., I 995,

Pa320BopHaR pe'lb 8 cucmeMe 11umepamypH020 R3b1Ka u 8

ucmopuu pyccKoii xyoo:HCecmBeHHOLi pe'lu,

"Stylistyka"IV.

C11poTHHHHa O.E., I 998,

O mepMuHax «pa320BopHaR pe'lb», «pm20BopH0Cmb» u

«pa3208opHb1li mun pe'leBoii KYllbmypbl».

-

JluKu R3b1Ka,

MocKBa.

C11pornH11Ha O.E., 200 I ,

Ky11bmypa o6U{eHUR.

-

foJibAHH B.E., C11pornH11Ha O.E.,

51ry6osa M.A. ,

PyccKui, R3blK u KYllbmypa pe'lu. Y'le6HuK 011R cmyoeHmOB

-He(jJu110110208,

Caparns.

C11poTHHHHa O.E., 2003,

XapaKmepucmuKa munoB pe'leBoli Ky11bmypb1 8 c(jJepe oei't­

cmBuR 11umepamypH020 J/3blKQ.

-

IIpo611eMbl pe'le80Li KOMMYHLIKQL/LIU,

CapaTOB,

BbIIT.2.

ToncTOH H.11., I 99 1 ,

Jl3blK u KYllbmypa.

-

PyccKuu R3blK u coBpeMeHHocmb:

IIpo611-eMb1 u nepcneKmuBbt pa3Bumu11 pycucmuKu,

MocKsa.

Crystal D., 2004,

The Language Revolution,

Cambridge.

Fairclouch N., 1995,

Media Discourse,

London, New York.

Stylistics and Types of Speech Culture

The paper is focused on different aspects of the correlation between stylistics and types

of speech culture. It is argued that any kind of stylistics studies only the highest type of

(10)

Stylistyka XIV

speech culture common to people who have a perfect command of all language varieties.

In other words, stylistics always deals exclusively with the accepted model of good spe­

ech.

The first part of the paper concentrates on the essence of three branches of stylistics:

functional stylistics, literary stylistics, and practical stylistics.

Functional stylistics studies functional differentiation of standard language (the Rus­

sian equivalent of the English term

standard language

is

numepamypHblil R3blK).

Practical stylistics is aimed at choosing the best synonym.

Literary stylistics analyses fictional texts whose authors make a maximum use of lan­

guage resources.

Only people of the fully functional type of speech culture can cope with the

above-mentioned tasks.

The second part of the paper is devoted to a study of the peculiarities of speech culture

markers manifestation in different language varieties. A close analysis of extensive factu­

al data has led the author to the conclusion that speech culture markers are most active in

public and fiction discourse and least active in standardized documents and casual every­

day conversation.

Keywords: sty/istics, functional stylistics, litera,y sty/istics, practical stylistics, types of

speech cu/ture, speech culture markers.

Cytaty

Powiązane dokumenty

wspó łpracy z innymi instytucjami naukowymi oraz przedsiębiorstwami (m.in. Instytut Technologii Eksploatacji o/Łódź, Instytut Technologii Fermentacji i Mikrobiologii PŁ,

Z dru­ giej jednak strony, zaw dzięczając w ielkiej obfitości św iadectw najro­ zm aitszego rodzaju, a odnoszących się do d ziejo w i życia Egiptu w okre­ sie

Given a railway network with the technical and operational requirements of stations and segments (e.g., lengths of block section, speed limitations, and allowed/un-allowed

De centrale ligging wordt erg plezierig gevonden: de direktrice is voor iedereen goed bereikbaar en heeft door de glazen wanden zelf een goed zicht op beide

ABSTRACT: This work compares the part load techno-economic performance of CO 2 capture from a combined cycle gas turbine (CCGT) using a membrane con figuration with selective CO

To draw a cumulative frequency curve you need to construct a cumulative frequency table, with the upper boundary of each class interval in one column and the

Страноведческая компетенция включает и лингвострановедческий компонент, что предполагает знание и правиль- ное использование таких иноязычных слов