TECHNISCHE UNIVERSITEIT
Scheepshydramechanica
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P1981-7
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a40BULGARIAN ACADEMY OF SCIENCES National Committee on Theoretical and Applied Mechanics
THEORETICAL
AND APPLIED
MECHANICS
Fourth National Congress
on Theoretical and Applied Mechanics Varna, 14 - 18, September, 1981
PROCEEDINGS,
Volume 4Varna, 1981
Publication of the Bulgarian Ship Hydrodynamics Centre
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FOURTH NATIONAL CONGRESS ON THEORETICAL AND APPLIED MECHANICS VARNA, 14 - 18.IX.1981
ORGANIZERS: The Bulgarian Academy of Sciences and the National Committee for Theoretical
and Applied Mechanics
. WITH THE SUPPORT OF
The Union of the Scientific Workers in Bulgaria, The Scientific and Technical Unions in Bulgaria, The State Committee of Science and Technological Progress,
Ministry of Education,
Ministry of Machinebuilding and Electronics. ORGANIZING COMMITTEE
Honorary President : Acad.Angel BALEVSKI
President: Acad.Georgi BRANKOV
Secretary: Dr.William Popov
Members: Dr.Peter Bogdanov
Dr.Angel Baltov
Assoc.Prof.Lyubomir Lilov Dr.Lyuben Hadjikov
Assoc.Prof.Kostantin Markov Dr.Stephan Radev
SCIENTIFIC PROGRAMME COUNCIL
President : Acad.Georgi BRANKOV
Vice-President: Prof .Dobromir Kolarov
Secretary: Members:
Dr.Angel Baltov
Prof.Mikhail
Konstantinov
Prof.Alexi Pissarev Prof .Khristo Khristov Prof.Atanas Anchev Prof .Zapryan Zapryanov EDITORIAL BOARD: Editor-in-chief: Acad.G.Brankov Members: Prof.A.Anchev,Dr.P.Bogdanov,Prof.P.Ganev, Prof.Z.Zapryanov,Prof.D.Kolarov,Prof.M.Konstantinov, Dr.M.Mikhovski,Prof.A.Pissarev, Dr.W.Popov,Dr.S.Sachansky, Prof.Khristo Khristov.
THE REPORTS PRESENTED IN THE FOURTH NATIONAL
CONGRESS ON THEORETICAL AND APPLIED MECHANICS
ARE PUBLISHED IN 4 BOOKS
BOOK 1 contains the reports presented in sections: Mechanics of Discrete Media
Mechanics of Nonlinear and Nonelastic Media and Systems
Mechanics of Mass, Heat and Momentum Transfer Processes
BOOK 2 contains the reports presented in sections:
Vibrations and Wave Propagation- the reports presented by the foreign participants
Biomechanics
Marine Mechanics- the reports
of the
foreignparticipants
Robots
Earthquake Mechanics History of Mechanics
BOOK 3 ia volume XVI, No8.1, 2, 3 of " Annual of the
Higher Educational Institutions- Technical Mechanics" and it
contains the reports presented by the Bulgarian participants in sections IV and VI.
BOOK 4 contains the reports presented in section
VIII-Ship Hydrodynamics
The list of the authors incorporates the names of
all authors whose reports are published in the respective
IIETBLPTA HAHAOHAUEH KOHTPEC HO TEOPETAIIHA A HPMEOUA MEXAHAKA
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MEX A HHKA
MECHANICS
METEMPTH KOHFPEC FOURTH CONGRESS
CenTemap PI 1981
81
September 1981Bap. bwirappia Varna Bulgaria
MAJOR ASPECTS OF THE STRATEGY AND TACTICS OF THE SHIP HYDRO-DYNAMICS INVESTIGATIONS
P.A.Bogdanov
1. Introduction
The management , the control and the planning of the scientific investigations in the contemporary conditions are tightly
connec-ted with the provision of most favourable premises for scientific work.On the other hand, the important role of science in the modern world will reach its most efficient manifestation onlv
when the results are obtained at highest possible level and when they find expedient practical application .
The problems of the effective organisation of the scientific and research activity in the developped countries, in the pre-sent stage, are considered in a macro-scale plan - in state
aspect and in connection with the great progress of the inter-national collaboration c.1] .
The rapidlv growing Wissenchaftslehre pays great atten-tion to the methodological problems of modern science, and one of the basic tendencies appears to be the mutual understan-ding and collaboration between the representatives of the dif
_
ferent sciences and branches of knowledge t.21 .
7
and tactics of the investigations is given also to the predic -tion of the scientific and technical progress. While the global development of sciences is treated by the modern knowledge of science with the necessary level of completeness, the problems
related to certain branches, as ship hydrodynamics is, are not evaluated sufficiently neither subjected to the necessary scientific generalization . The apparent difficulty of these problems and the restricted frames of the present paper deter -mine the necessity to reduce its main purpose to
characteriza-tion of the existing brief yet encouriging experience of BaHC to define its own research programme, using as guidelines some major longterm and immediate objectives, and on that basis to
elaborate the strategy and tactics of the implemented investi-gations and of its own development.
2. Main Factors for Determination of the Strategy and Tactics
of the Investigations in Ship Hydrodynamics
Among the various factors, determining the strategy and tactics of the investigations in ship hydrodynamics, the following may be mentioned
The future development of the load flows by sea and their quantitative and structural changes, determining the composi-tion of the necessary world transport fleet
The tendencies for application of new, more progressive tech-nologies for transportation by sea and their influence on the development of the fleet
The experience gained from the fleet exploitation , the perspec-tive types of ships and the reduction of the prime cost of transports
The tendencies, methods, and facilities for exploration of the mineral and other resources of the world ocean
The achievements and perspectives in the development of science and scientific and technical progress,especially these fields which may find application and stimulate the development of the ship hydrodynamics ;
8
-
The progressive methods and means that further the rise inthe level and efficiency of the results from the investiga -tions in ship hydrodynamias .
The correct estimation of the above factors could provide for the reliable determination of both the directions and the aims of the necessary investigations and the methods and means
for their realization as well .
It is worth noting that the multifactor analyses and the per -spectives in the development of the world shipbuilding and ma rine industry were one of the decisive criteria in the design and creation of the multipurpose laboratory and experimental complex of the Bulgarian Ship Hydrodynamics Centre . This corn
-plex comprises four specialized experimental facilities - deep water and shallow water towing tanks, manoeuvring-seakeeping tank and a cavitation tunnel [3].
In view of possible most efficient scientific servicing of the shipbuilding and marine industry it is necessary to provide not only for adequate development but on a long term plan even a predominating development of our own.For this purpose, great is the importance of the systematic prognostic investigations for the development of the load flows transported by water ways, perspective type of ships, trends for adoption of the world ocean resources and the perspectives for the development of the scientific and technical progress. In this aspect Fig.1 -Structural Diagram of the Strategy and Tactics of the
Investiga-tions in the BSHC is presented and a generalized reference for the aims and character of the organization and the implementati-on of the prognostic activity is reported further implementati-on .
3. Types and Purpose of the Prognostic Research. Carried Out at the Balic
in order to evaluate the necessities of perspective develop -meat in the existing activities from a point of view of the
7
programme- purposeful method , the followink-tYpes of prognosis with the corresponding purpose have been worked out and kept
Research prognosis - working out the long term tasks and ob-jectives in the activities of BSHC.This prognosis, which is worked out in the broad collaboration with other institutes, includes the trends of the development of the shipbuilding and marine economy, the development of the scientific and technical progress and the development of the methods and means of theoretical and experimental research,;.
Programme prognosis - implementation of the immediate objec-tives and accomplishment of the necessary preparation in ac-cordance with the long term objectives This prognosis is
being worked out in details by the different departments and
considered in the prognosis as well as working out of new methods,software,systems and apparatus and also the qualita-tive and quantitaqualita-tive changes and qualification of personnel by way of personnel training
Organizational prognosis - immediate objectives and activities on broadening the subject trends, establishment of new sections and experimental equipment, changes in the organiza-tional structure and specialization .
Besides, in the practice of the BSHC long term prognoses cover-ing a period of 10-15 and more years are elaborated; at present there exist already prepared prognosis up to the year 2000, on the basis of long-scale indices and short term prognoses co-vering a period of 5 years .
All prognostic assignement, as shown on[Fig. 1] , are directed
to provide for a development forestalling industry and meeting client's orders in accord with latest knowledge, including research activities directed to enrichment of unsifficient mis-sing knowledge at worldwide level .
is a base line of a generalized prognosis for the institute as a whole. The planning and the provision of the fulfill -ment of 5 year research programmes and clients' orders are
10
To achieve such a responsible objective would not be possible
if BSHC did not rely on two decisive prerequisites
The existing of the National Integrated System for investigations,design and personnel's training in ship-building and marine industry, including 15 Research organizations in the country [4]
The wide international collaboration on multi-lateral and bi-lateral basis, not only on the problems of theore-tical and experimental ship dynamics, but on prognosis of world shipbuilding and marine economy as well .
3. Organization of the Prognostic Activities at Balic
Most generally, the organization of the prognostic activities, implemented by the BSHC, may be characterized as follows
Permanent methodological guidance and elaboration of prognoses, beyond BSHC subject of activity, by experts in scientific and
technical prognostication ( it is enough only to mention more than 150 expertsimethods already available for elabora -ration of the scientific and technical prognoses, to evaluate
the considerable growth of this specific field );
Elaboration and consideration of the prognostic assignements at the scientific,development and administrative divisions of BSHC ( generally such prognoses are prepared every 5 years and are currently updated, revised and
specified in the
an-nual plans ) ;
Consideration,coordination and approval of the prognostic assignments for development in basic directions of the divi-sions in the framework of the Scientific Councils;
Elaboration of prognoses for the activity of BSHC as a whole, and their discussion and approval by the Research Council, with participation of leaders and scientists from institutes in the framework of the Bulgarian Academy of Sciences,Techni-cal Universities, Shipbuilding and Marine Industry, all
- 11
included in the National Integrated System
The above stated prognostic assignments are preceded and/or fol-lowed as a rule, by macroscale prognoses for the shipbuilding and water transport, for the other branches of the national
economy, and for the national economy as a whole. Besides, the conclusions and recommendations of prognostic research, imple-mented on the line of international cooperation, are used together with foreign, independently elaborated and published relevant prognoses
For fuller specification, it may be pointed out that the program-me prognosis of BSHO for the period 1981 - 1985 contains besides a report, analyses, calculations, comments and argumentations, also 15 different forms concerning the development of personnel
potential and the experimental facilities .
To make the survey more complete, it should be mentioned that, the BSHC Leadership and experts are often involved in elabora -tion of scientific and technical prognoses and determina-tion of the strategy of development at national level
Main Thematic Directions and Methods in the Imolementation of the Research Programme
If we make an attempt to generalize the major tendencies in the
development of ship hydrodynamics in the last years a conclusion may be drawn regarding the decisive importance of the complex approach and the necessity of joint application of theoretical
and experimental methods .The most authoritative international forums - the latest Conferences and Symposia on ship hydrody-namics testify to this [5] , 7] , [8] , [9] , [10] .
On the basis of the prognoses and the tendencies determining the development, the BSHC research programmes in the periods 1976 - 1980 and 1981 - 1935 comply also with the following circumstances
12
-real operational conditions, in still water and in waves;the complicated propeller hull interaction; the complex relations between the kinematic characteristics and dynamic forces in waves; the unsteady ship motion in manoeuvring and course keeping . Neither pure theoretical, nor pure experimental investigations can solve completely all these problems of propulsion,seakeeping and manoeuvrability .
- The complex analytic methodology which has to be used, when solving of various concrete problems, such as the theory of the three-dimensional boundary layer, the lifting surface theory, the jet flow theory etc., in combination with modern methods for numerical realization, as well as the unique set-up of some experiments necessitate the involvement of a large number of highly qualified scientific workers and specialists, implementation of wide integration and collaboration with the leading institutes and scientific societies in the correspon-ding fields .
- The needs of practice put forward more often the necessity of developing of a uniform strategy, based upon the results of the corresponding concrete solutions for prediction of certain ship seakeeping qualities, which is supposed to be able to suggest complex ways for purposeful changes in the various parameters, ship shape, propellers and ship handling means, with a purpose of obtaining an optimum ( from hydro -dynamics and operational point of view ) floating vessel .
A similar task is to be considered as a final purpose of the problem investigations, already defined, and can be solved only on the basis of multivariant theoretical and experimen-tal investigations
The problem topics and the complex approach for their solution with application of theoretical and experimental methods,have been treated and illustrated in details by the block diagrams presented in this report for the problems in the basic more important fields
13
Cavitation D'ig.3] Ship propulsion [Fig.43
Seakeeping
Ships' manoeuvrability [Fig.6]
(v1) Ship motion in restricted waters [Fig.7]
(vii) Ocean engineering [Fig.81
As the block diagrams show the approach and the trend are to cover all available modern methods and means with the purpose to carry out investigations providing for a high scientific level and reliability of the prognoses for the technical,economic and exploitation characteristics of the ships and the floating
facilities It is only this way, which gives the opportunity to reach optimum scientific decisions, ensuring highest effi -ciency .
For full clarification of the BSHC research programme in the period 1981-1985, it may be indicated also that the character of the programme is determined to a high degree by the follow-ing four major directions
Extending the application of numerical methods and further accelerated enrichment of the programme provision;
Development of the experimental technique through utiliza-tion of the achievements of the instrument-building inclu-dingly
Raising the level of test automation;
Broadening the scope of investigations, including non conventional type of ships,floating structures and efficient ship propeller and propulsive systems.
The front of the investigations in those four directions ( as well as in all remaining directions ) is quite extensive,
thanks to the established broad collaboration on national and international scale, which is envisaged to continue succes-fully for a long perspective period .
Conclusion
The formulation of the problems in ship hydrodynamics on the basis of the prognoses for development of shipbuilding and marine industry, their complex stating, their connection with
the achievements of the scientific and technical progress and their adequate provision with resources, predetermine a nun -her of advantages, namely
Predominating development is achieved with respect to social demands and necessities .Objective possibilities
appear therefore, for an expedite adoption of the most progressive achievements in shipbuilding and marine industry.
The initial prerequisites for full adoption of the contem-porary knowledge and even for achievement of the insuffi-cient knowledge on worldwide scale, are created .
The business scientific relation strengthen and systematic development of the established National Integrated System is obtained which enables the concentration of significant research potential.
A complex of favourable conditions has been ensured for efficient development of the international scientific and technical cooperation.
The necessary substantial scientific resource is being created for the further successful development of ship -building and marine economy on the level of the expected most progressive world achievements in this field, etc.
All that contributes to the establishment of a corresponding scientific polic:/ and to defining of the investigations of primary importance,directed to achievement of new bights and new fields in the scientific and technical progress.
Research prognosis-determi- nation of long term objecti- ves and tasks Decisive trends of developmeni of ehipbuilding and
marine
industry
Prognosis for development of scientific and technical
Progress
Development of methods and techniques for theoret.& ex- perimental investigations Coordination
of longterm plan
of nationalimportance&long- term agreements with foreign
R01
rn
fi n nstni-r
Structural Diagram
Strategy and tactics of the Bulgarian Ship Hydrodynamics Centre
for development of ship hydrodynamie investigations
Planning & implementation of 5 year research programmes
and
Clients
orders
Development of new methods, software,devices,systens and
appliances
Qualitative & quantitative chan gee and improvement the qualifi
cation of personnel
Planning of necessary resources ways and sources for their
provision
1-7, --F-Cgram prognos s- nip amen a Ion of immediate objectives& pre paration acc.longterm objective
Predominating development and fulfillment of orders for clients in accord with
the latest knowledge and by way of
investigations
providing for the enrichment of the insufficient
knowledge
at
international level
Pig. 1.
Addition to the subjeot
of
activity
and thematioal
divisions
Organization of new sections and experimental facilities
ma on prognoe s- m-mediate objectives and acti-vities
Forms of cooperation and col- laboration at national and
international level
Fundamental
Investigations
Ship
boundary layer & wake Linear & non-line ar wave
resistan-ce
Resistan- ce reduc- tion,opti mization of
ship
forms
Ship form design and theore- tical prediction of resistance
FofProblems ship resistance Development of programmes Experimental investigations Ship - model correlation
Computer data acquisition
and
processing
Ship resistance prediction and recommendations
Fig. 2.
Measuring technique
develorment
Experi - mental facili - ties
z
Deep water towing tank
Shallow water towing tank Conven-Measuring Added re-tional of bounda Wave Wake sistance
towing experi - ments ry layer characte- ristics
analysis
survey
Theoretical nvesti tions a a ono a screw propellers axisymmetrio bodies
Investigation of superoavitating gorew
propellers
Prediction the
type
and extent
of
oavi-tation and its
in-fluence on propel - ler charaoteristica and on the
inter
-action between
pro-peller and ship
hull CAVITATION PROBLEMS Development of experimen-tal procedures Development of new techniques for conduct and control of experiment cc text5r8
f2ifi
IMP cc 8 o ymmetrio bodies Design of lifting systems for hydrofoil ships super-oavitating pomps,turbines eto. Design of supercavitating screw propellers Fig.3. Noise,vibration, erosionsystematical. tests of series of
cavi-tating pro pelle
Evaluation the influence of cavitation on propeller characteristics and on interaction between propeller
and ship hull
Experimental Investigations Noise,vibration, eroaion 1---Softie effect correlation
FUNDAMENTAL
INVESTIGATION
Differen- tial
me-field thuds for structure resist. inyeatig.Ratiln Performan Operatio-ns scale nal condi effect
tions for propeller Ag.ign
heoretioal
propulsi-on predictipropulsi-ons
Propulei- ol., at sea
EXPERIMENTAL INVESTIGATION Differen-rope er tial in-field vest, of structure resistan-Effective ----"e---f---1:- 3:15-PROBLEMS
OF SHIP PROPULSION Propulsi on in calm wa- ter
MEASURING TECHNIQUES
DEVELOPMENT
Propulsi- on in rough wa- ter
Computer
data acquisition
and
processing
ropu a o
with non- conventio- nal
ro-Ship
trials
Propeller inducedforces
FUNDAMENTA
AND
EXPA-RIMENTAL INVESTIGATION PRCGRAMS DEVELOPMENT
xperimon.
tal
facilitie rppeep
vats
ow. tank hallow ater 'to avliatiol tunnel
Ship
propulsion prediction
19 -(Datasheet APPLI-CATION PROGRA 1 Model ship correlation IExpermentalprediction (REPORT) REPORT Wave genera tion (Report) Regular Irregular Transient Registra-tion eport IN1111 1,11.1 V al: Fig.5. Data acquisition an processing esign of new ships of impro-ved seakeeping qualities
r
8 SUBJECTS grams models Attached models Full-scale ships Experimental devices Towing apparatus Automated model guidance system Oscillators Applica-ion proGMERALIZES SIMEEPING CRITERIA
Determination of optimum exploitation re -gimes Experimental facilities seakeeping and ma-nn pnvri ng tank Deep water tank
uhallow writer tank Open water areas
I
4' 8'
6 15p
E 4.1 E H H N i-r I E, 'CCAO fri cc 8 E-31N cc 1-1 f, cc SEAKEEPENG PROBLEMS THDORY EXPMIKENT20 - Fundamen-tal re-search
CD
diction3 PROBLEMS OF SHIPS' MANOMVRABILITY reep water towing tankLarge amplitude pla-nar motion mechanism
Data acquisition and processing by use of computer
CH
ereaiCtion orscale performanceperformance ralIow water owing tank PunFinal Re-sult ent,Repori bimulator of real sea con tneory-experiment-full seal rest dition MANO3JVRING SIMILATOR input
aa-Yredictiox FunJamen- ta for
ship ma-noeuvres for the ship fraining of navi -gators tal re-search Fig.6.
Theoreti- Free- run Captive Full
-cal analy ning mo- model scale
sis & pre del tests tests trials
Deep water tank Shallow water tank Manoeuv seakeep tank Open water area
)evelopment of _perfection of Software for pux
theoretical models EXPERIMENT -theoretical and axperim.methods :poses of theore ticAexp. tests
Mathematical Models of flow around ship hull Investigation of restricted water influenoe on resis- tames components and performanoe Experimental investi gstions of ship mano eurrability and ship handling qualities Investigation
of
ship performance in shallow
waters Wave Resistance Fig.?. Model tests of ship designs / orders /
Experimental investi- gation of
resistance
components
Viscous
Resistance
Experimental investi- gations of ship sea- keeping qualities in shallow waters Experimental
inves-tigations of marine technical facilities Ship motion in restricted waters Theoretical investigations Experimental Investigations
Maintenance and development
of
test facilities
Development
of
investigations
Puniamen- mental in
veatiga-tions Theoreti-zal aanal'-i8 and rediction Off-shore structures 1---Tcean Engineering
ment & techniqu Model Tests
Fig.8.
Mooring devices
o
ware o
ory&experiments
on-oonventio - al facilities Full - scale
Tests
Computer Data Acquisition and Processing Prediction of the qualities of structures, experts' assistance and se--ice training cn
ocean exploitation equipment
Jeakeeping and manoeuvring tank
3eakeeping&manouv-ring
tests
Regular waves
Deep water tank
Resistance and propulsion tests Irregular waves aliow water tank Strength tests Wind Loads Wind tunnel P9MM tests Current loads
23
-REFERENCES
Organization of the Scientific Activities, Collection of the Institute for History of Natural Sciences and Technology at the Academy of Sciences of
ussa,
Nauka Publishing House .Methodological Problems of Modern Science, Collective Work of scientists from the Siberian Branch of the Academy of Sciences of USSR, Politizdat, Moscow, 1979 ( in Russian ) .
Bogdanov P.A., Julie,/ Y.M. , Implementation of the Project
of the Bulgarian Ship Hydrodynamics Experimental Centre Fourteenth International Towing Tank Conference, Ottawa September 1975, Proceedings, Volume 4 .
Bogdanov P.A., Organization and Efficiency of the Integra-ted Connections Between the Higher Educational Institutions and BSHC, International Scientific Seminar " Problems of the Cooperation Between the High Educational Institutions and the Research Institutions In the Field of Research
Activi
-tiesFirst International Conference on Numerical Ship Hydrodyna-mics, 20 - 22, October, 1975, Washington, Proceedings . Second International Conference on Numerical Ship
Hydrody-namics, 1977, Berkeley , California, Proceedings .
Third International Conference on Numerical Ship Hydrodyna-mics,
16 - 19
June, 1981, Paris , Proceedings .Thirteenth Symposium on Naval Hydrodynamics, 6-10, October, 1980, Tokyo .
Fourteenth International Towing Tank Conference, Ottawa September , 1975 .
10.Fifteenth International Towing Tank Conference, the Hague, September, 1978 .
IA
MEX A HHKA
4ETB1PTH KOHrPECMECHANICS
81
FOURTH CONGRESSCerrremapn 1981 September 1981
Bap. Elnrapna Varna Bulgaria
HOME CPEXTBA 31{CTPEHHOr0 TOPMAEHEE CYA0B E OLTHHA EX 3NEKTEBHOCTE
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rad-owe 3Haxom "++" oGo3HageHu succxoa#exr2sHue cpezerBa
axorpes,
Hero ropmozemm, sHaxom "+" -zocrarmio
ateDexr2Birae ropmoaHue opencrsa, 3H8ROM""
maaoscgexrmsHue.43 radamnu B2,4/10, TO ropmoEeHmH rpyaostax
rennoxo-AOB BUOOK0344eHTMBHN HOCCBlie onycxampecH pyrim m
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py-ae2 cOuttHorc rmna. TopmcxeHme ste rcaxaemux
cocrasos
c BUCOROVI
3#BRT2BHOOTBM BO3MCACHO TO71BRO np2 nomcwm HCCOBUX onycxammxcH
maao 29 maao
-344eRT2BHH.TaOnmm
II 2 reparypa
OcHommie HanoamneHm pammmrm HaponHoro xoHkcrma CCCP ha 1981-1985 r.r. m no 1990 r. Marepmanu XXVI csemma KECC,1981r. Eamneuxo B.r. 3nemeHru reopmm cymomozmeHm Ha mHyrpeHHmx
mom-MIX nymx. i. III, M., "TpaHonopr", 1971.
MICE A.P., Hai:maxim B.r. 0 Kpmrepmfix ackleKumplocrA opencrm miccrpeHHoro roomolceHmH cymom m cooTamom B amapmilHux cmryaum-AX m rpedomaHmHx, npensHmaxemhx K armm cpencrmam.Tpymh HAI3Th
Al 132, 1978, c. 6-10.
Anon A.P. K monpocy o ropmozeHmm rcaKaemoro cocrama npm
no-MOM HOCTAMIX pynek. Tpygu IMBTa, V 132, 1978 r., c. 60-64.
Anon A.P., Hamneluto B.I. 06 mKenepmmeHranhHom mccaemomaHmm HeKoropux cpencrm oKcrpeHHoro ropmoxeHmK cynom (cocramom). Tpymh HOMBTa, V 147, 1979 r., C. 32-39.
Anon A.P., Hamnemo B.r. Merommm pacRera 304eRIMBHOCT2
cpemcrm mKcrpeHHoro ropmolceHmH cymom (cocramom).Tpymu HIGIBTa,
V 147, 1979, c. 40-44.
EMT - HomocmOmpcx
Cpencrmo sxcrpeHHoro ropmoiKeHmsl
0100eKT2BHOCTI ropmom-rpymc
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Tennoxon c3;(!guri:acocramue
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-
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aKcneHrpmgecKme pynm +
-AA
MEX A HHKA
81
MECHANICS
METBIPTH KOHrPEC FOURTH CONGRESS
CenTemepff 1981 September 1981
Bap. bwirapitsi Varna Bulgaria
MATEMATMECKAS MOKEZB IBMIEHMH CYUHA B PEgHOM EOTOKE M PACUT EPEEEZAIX PA3MEPEHN2
B.B.BLIoron, B.r.EameHEo
Pa6orH no onpenexeinflo npeaemHux radaparoa cyaos
iTOAKB-emux cocralma Ha nosoporax perm BHHOZHAXMCL B HosocaOmpcEom a
rOPBKOBCKOM aHcraryrax RHEeHepos BOaHera rpaHcnopra B 1956
64 r.r., a aarem, Ha
ozee crporo2 ochose, 13 1976-80 r.r. B GBH311 C aHeapeHmem r0.11.KaHUR 6onLmerpy3nux cocraaoH ii rpaHcnoprHum
ocmeHmem mamx ii 6oEosux pelt Ca6mpa ii Bocrom. ILuri pememinorok
3311aHR,ii npeEae Beer°, am onpeaeaeHm yrm apena, Heo6xoumo
no paapadorarL maremaraHecEylo moaexi, umEeHasi cyaHa (cocrasa) peT4Hom noroxe.
Crporati rmaponmHamageciatt noaxoa K onlacaHam ammeHmH re-Aa B cHocHalem noraEe npameHeH B pa6ore [1], oaHaEo noxygemue aupazeHmE B Hacrumee spew' eme He aoseaem no BO3MORSHOCTR pac
Hera aaxe Ha .oapemeHHux 3BM. B CBR314 C 3TRM RXM coaaaHmH npm6
mmEeHHoti maremaramecEok moaem npamemxacs paraoHamHaH cacrema aonymeHa2. Ilosopor peKa annpoEctimapoHancH Epyromm Eomanm,all HRR TOM rtyrama EoHneHrpaHecluix oEpymocrett; cEopocrr, regeHasi B npeaezax cyaosoro xoaa npaHamaxacL nponopuAoHamHo2 paccroH-1-1810 or ueHrpa nosopora (panmycy ARHAM
ILJIH cocraaneHasi maremaratiecEolI moaeaa acnoabaosaxcH an na:Hr ypasHeHall 3knepa ZarpaHsa B Emamcicopocrax [2]. B "%Tame HAM am ximerviecico2 oHepram cacremu wieHH, yurbmalatue npaco-eamemue maccH, npaHamamci, 3BBRCRIUMN or cicapocre2 cyaHa or HocaremHo sou/. AHanoraHHoe aonyaleHme npaHamanoci, OTHUCATeABHO
31
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liono.nHareasHa, c.nerrysP.H.flepniat
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noc-rostmok -qacrore BpaaleHas: nsaltarezeii yraz
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naaaer nu orHamemsno 1:1.132.aceinuo cc ycraHanamePcs napxyzsuma
ro-IT e paamyca.
Inn onpeaezeams anrepecynnek Hac BeR14,1141111 n aciioqaM 11 3
asyx nocaeaHmx ypasHeHak cmcremil
(1) sea:puny
Yr-Yp , B pe-synsrare nozy,raem:(1+2
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3ameram, gra n.an onpeaezexasa (I He o6neareasHo
pacnuza-rars meroaom anpeaezeHan Yk
.
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Y'kMik npm maaeasHom aiccnepameHre Ha pararlaHatt ycraHosne acHasaH
Ha npmmeHeHma meroaa Hyzesaro mameHra t51, ormetieHHore npeinek
HTO 141/1. A.H. Kpunoaa 1978 rails, a era noczer(Fainera adadraeH14sl.61.
Cyneiocri, meroaa COCTOIIT B. ram, iro moaans saHpenz.HercH Ha
momeHrHom nmHamomerpe He a neHrpe
mace, a B
acre pacnazaseHMBmV
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Hp3aaanHax V,R
na3mepsi-ercH momeHT now:seam MR . YpaeHeHae momeHros arHocaTenT,Ho
Toti-Ica noru3ecxa npaHamaer BRA:
mV2E cos n = P+Mik-Mp
Vls ypaaHeHel (2) a (3) Haxaaam coorHoineHme
2 mV (-C-) cos MR (4)
R V
no3HaJunawee 11p11 143i:teen= (I , V , R anpen.em4TT, smaaeaneHTHylo
cxopocrb TegeHaH C .
IlaHHile a semi-gime yrna apeitta, no.nyueHHHe no meTa ay 113 -.neeoro momeHTa, nposepeini no marepaa.nam o6m2pHux HarypHiax
RCM-ram14 sxcnepameHros c camoxounlma xpynHomacraTadlalma maaaaHmta.
flomamo ROHTCOXR, 3T14 14CJ:111M14$1 nocnyEmJim ocHasok rag HaX0IIMBHEA amnapatiecHatt OBB311 meErLy cxopocrBio V a cxopocmia Ha npsimom
Kypce Vo .
Pe3y.ill)1aTH cacremarimemax acnuramit no meruay Hy.neHoro
momeHTa BO3BOJIAA2 ycraHoearb, 14TO C yEsexatieHmem B/L
yron ape
-It5a ea3pacTaer, a c yBezatieHaem oTHoffleHaH ocaaxm K nay614He(T/H )
yron fl pe33HTlaitHo pe3xo ymeHmuaerCH; Hedoabnioe ymeHmieHae n
',weer macro 14 npa crecHem
noraxa no napiaHe.Ha acHoae noxygeHHux aamax a reomeTpattecxax coorHameHmk meEay LLABHOBLIMM pa3mepeHaHma cyaHa a nosopora pa3paOoTaH meroa onpeaenemifi radaparHok mapaHEI xaaaHott no.nocu Sr , 3aHmmaemoti cya-HOM (cocramm) Ha nomopore pexm
[7]:
= L [B/L + (kt o + ((1-006 11+
b,
(5)rae
mapaHa cyaosara xoaa Ha naHopore palm.3aecTD:
kE(B/LT/H)
LLAR 07110B;1 AAR COCTEIBOB;
Go = bo
RJR T/H
rmn plora;
kt = kt (T/H, C/Vo ) ojis COCTBBOB;
33
kt = kt (T/H, B/L)
L71 cyaogi;= fpc L/R C/ V. rmn t5mara).
3rm aasmcmmocrm npeacrameHu xax B amae rpacbmxoe, rax annpaxemmaHmoliaux cD0PmY.71.
3anac umpmHu cyaoaora xoaa
Turuaaer Herirmacrm
fl-BC 11Z14 cyaHa, ormgme pea11LHo2 amHammxm LIBBIKOHNE reomerpmm no-aopora or np1mro2 cxemarmaagmm, amnHme eerpa. OH onpeaeneH ny
-rem o6pa6orxm crarmarmHeclux aaHHux sepostrHucrmumm meroaam m
permameHrmpyercsi B 3aBBCMMOCr1d Or mmpmfru cyma RAM cocraea, Mi-na rpaHcnoprHoro cpeacrea, pagmyca nompora, rpyHra moma pexm.
Imreparypa
ilasmeHxo B.r., Bmraeep Z.M. - 0 aemzeHmia reepaaro rem 13
-cmgem noraxe maeammok zmaxacrm. Tpyau HNOBT, man.105, 1976. IlasmeHxo B.f., BmraBep Z.M. - 06 axBasameHrHocrm asyx noaxa-aae x cocraameHmm ypaeHeHmk umzeHmH cyaHa Ha nosopure pexm. Tpyau HMMBT, Bun. 147, 1979.
Hepmmil P.H. Hemeop A.M. - 06 ynpasmemocrm cyaHa Ha reHeHmm. Tpyau HTO CU, Bun, 169, Z. 1971.
HaczeHx0 B.r. - MaHespeHHue xatiecrea peHHux cyaogs.TpaHcHopr,
M., 1979.
IlaameHxo BLIoroe B.B. - Meroa onperiageHmE yrna
apena
Ha umpxymumm no mcnuraHmHm HecamaxoaHux maaemeR B
umpxymm-umoHHom 6accettHe. Tpyau HMMBT, Bun. 105, 1976.
BLmroa B.B., Bpy6meecxaH I.H. - 06aOlgeH14e merona Hymeeoro ma-meHra Ha cmplak aemzeInca cyaHa Ha retieHmm. Tpyau HVBT, BHR.
147, 1979.
Bloras B.B. - Meroamxa HopmmposaHmE radapmros xmmearepHux romxaemux cocrasoe. Tpygu MINBT, Run. 132, 1978.
AA
MEXAHHKA
MECHANICS
14ETBI.PT14 KOH FPEC FOURTH CONGRESS Cen-rentapn 1981
81.
September 1981 Bapn a Ewir apior Varna BulgariaPE3YJIBTATBI UMCTEMATMUCEMX MCDIDITAHMM KAU,.
TUYEUX ITEBH/AX BMHTOB B CKOMHHOM HOTOKE
iO.M.Cazosaxxos, H.A.ForAaHos, P.3.Kaaqes
B peaxlmix yCZOBREX xamITHpymmixe rpe6Hue BRHTH dUCTp0X0A-H1a cygos pa6oTaur B HepamomepHom noze cxopocTek, xapaxTepymyx.. WXMCH, B OCHOBHOM, immeHeHmem TaHrelingazsHoll cocTammoulek BTXX
cxopocTel 110 rapmomigecicomy 3axoHy 3a o6opoT rpe6Horo BHHTa.iipac-alplecxx yqeT oTmetleHHoro o6cToHTexscTaa csoAHTcH R
Haxouemo
3xw1BaaeHTHoro yrza meAgy Hanpaanelmem Ha6eramero iIOTOkl aOCIA0 rpe6Horo BREITa (yrza coca 110T0Ka).
143TieHRL BMIENTLE cxoca noToxa Ha riupoxmamagecxHe xapax,.
TepacTxxx xasHampyxumx rpe6Hux BBIiTOB 110CBEWeB0 603111[10e
cTeo pa6oT [1],[2]
M. rip. axcnepHmeHTaasHue vicczeAosaHRE B 3TOMHanpamemo HOCET, xax npamdzo, exuunnHalla pa3po3HeHHH2
xapax-Tep. Ho mx AaHHum [31namnie cxoca noToxa moxeT npvmows x cywecmeHHomy cmameHmm migpogzHationecxxx xapaxTepilcurix xaHmTHpym -1g4x rpe6mix BRHTOB Ha pacgeTHsix pesulmax padoTH. 0,11Haxo pe3yxsTa-TH nogo6Hux Hcczegosaind, paxTpttleciat, He noNlexaT 66o6weHm.
ZeCTBRTeAIHO, B cTporoft nocTaHomte, Hanpmmep, K034,488U1eHT
ynopa xamITHpymigero Hpurra B cxonieHHom noToxe onpegezHeTcH
4)op-myzoi/1 (aHanorwuraH (Dopmpla momeT 6HTs 3anxcaHa H Aza
xo344Hina-eHTa momxo344Hina-eHTa): 1 2n (G,D)-
r,
f
d KT (G,Dy) ,2 14 (7, t) (- -"°-) dr dq
dTv ,
km 0re: 3y - mrmosemiasi urilocATeirbHasi nocTyns, onpeAexHemaH
7v -35
3.
1--:2.tg(Psinll
nfp (T,t)
itylIKURR, yTapa BJulHmle HecTauxoHapHocTx odTexaHm; Rxamo xaHxTauxx G onpenemHeTcH no n0cTy11aTemmo2cxo-pocTx; a
d K1( G-,7v) Aommo onpueARTLcH no AaHHumpaccmaTpxHaemo-dF
PO BRHTa B pasHomepHom noToxe. 1100Tomy peayaLTaTu xcnuTaHail ROH-xpeaToro rpe6Horo BI1HT B cRomeHHom noToxe no cymecmy TOXIKO AAR
Hero R ABARMTCR capasenzmumx.
PacneTHEe meToAu, yHRTHBaR OTCyTCTBR3 BO3MOEH0CTe2 B w
HaCTO
OY,DP)
Hmee spe' AAR HageHHoro onpenemerum dKr , Aaxe xsaom-dr
cTauxoHapHo2 nocTaHosxe: p (F,t)= 1, Tem Ocoee B secipma mxpoRom
Axana3oHe xameHeHRE pp , Taxxce mem yomosHu2 xapaxTep.
Tao xm ocipa3om, AAR noHumeHaH TOHHOCTR nporHo0xpoHaHmH
xoAo-DUX xaRecTT 6ucTp0x0AHux cynoH, Heo6xo11xmu pevaLTaTu 0RCT3MaTR-Heel= xcnuTaKaR RoHapeTaux ceph2 xamTxpylomax rpe6Hux BRHTOB B
cRomeHHom noToxe. liposeneHxe nono6Hux xcomenosaHm2 paHee, HOBR-=ow, Ouzo aaTpynHeHo R3-3a OTCyTCTBRH gzsi 3T02 nemd He06X0AR ME.X DxcnepxmeHTamBHux cpeAcTH.
B HacTomnee spem Bomrapcxx2 RHCTRTyT rxAponmammxx cynHa
odopynoHaH cnenxaamum AmHamomeTpom AAR xcomenuaHm rpe6Hux
BILH-TOB B xaHmTanmoluio2 Tpyde rIpM CROWeHHOM noToxe, xoTop112 nossoaH-eT nposoAxTL xamepeHm B aneAymmem Axana30He: ynop - no 200 Kr,
z
ITYTH442 MOMeHT AO 10 Krm, npx RacToTe Hpamemi OT 10
o 4806/
cex x maxcxmanHom HaxmoHe Hama no + 120. AmHamomeTp yoTaHamx-saeTcsa B HepxHem oxHe pa6oRero ynacTxa xamffauxoHHo2 Tpy6u,nme-mmero nonepeRHoe ceReHxe pa3mepom 600x600 mm. UpH maxcxmaamom
HaxaoHe Hama cmemeHxe OCR mozexm mulTa no oTHoulemo ocm padotiero
ynacTxa COCTaBAReT npmmepHo 60 mm. Hpm oTom Trall HamoHa
sam
moxim Henpepumo R3MeHRTL B npouecce RCHHTaHR2.
MeToA x3mepeHm cxopocTx Haderammero noToxa up. nomomx Tpy6 xx nxTo-EpaxATAH 13. AaHHom cmyRae RCII0AB30BaTT. HemL311, Tax xax Ha
npaxTxxe paememeHme cTaTxRecxoro oTHepcmH Tpy6xx B BAOCKOCTR
neHTpa Amoxa monemx npx pa3mux yraax HaxmoHa Hama HmileTcH
He-B03M0EHUM. Kpome TOM, npx Rxcme xamdTanux 0,6 R Hxze B03HRRaeT
KaBBTal];RE cam02 Tpydxm, a paowiTae xasmTanmoHHHe xaHepHE Ha AO -macTli rpe6Horo HmHTa oxamdmice BARRHRe Ha senuRxHy ismTHemok
me 36 me
-ToAom nepenaAa Aamemil.
4AR BanoAHeHRH cmcTemaTmlecxxx 1cnaTaHm2 xaBiaTxpymigxx
rpe6-HUX BRHTOB B CKOMeHHOM noToxe 6aAa npxHHTa cepxR, cupoexTxpoBaH-HaR Ha ocHose Teopxx HecymeR noBepxHocTx [4]. OcHoBHue reomeTpx-tiecxlie memeHTa 3T02 cepxx: AxcRoBoe oTHoweime AE/A.= 0,95,qxc-Ao zonacTeR Z 3, 'Opma npo4i1RAH cegeHRH - cermeHTHoro Txna,xpx-BX3Ha HarHeTaromerd nosepxHocTm R mAP BRHTOB ABTIBMTCH nepemeHHuma
no paAxycy. ,laanaBoH m3meHeHm2 noczeAHmx AByx napameTpoB Ha pa6o, HRX paAxycax cocTaBAReT P/D = 1,1 4 1,8; 02= 1,1 4 1,6i..
ClicTemaTwiecxaR cep xR moAeze2 rpe6Hax BRBTOB 6aAa xcnaTaHa
B x2miT24moHHoR Tpy6e alit no mxpoxoR nporpamme: qxcAo KaBETal=
xemeHRAocL B AxanaeoHe G = 0,3 -I- 2,5, a Taxze npm OTCyTCTBRY }Car
BRTaHRR (aTm.), yrza cxoca noToxa xemeHRAxcr, B npeAexax4)=0-;120. B xaqecTBe xAmocTpaumm Ha Ur.1 ripmeAeHa xpxBue Aeticumm 0A1102 R3 mogezek cepxx npm 4)= 0 x 120, xoTopae noxaBaBamT, HTO
paapadoTaHHae rpe6Hae BRHTH npx xaBxTanxx npvIcnocodzeHu AAR
pa-60Tu B ycAomax cxomelmoro HOTOKa. MHTepeCHO OTMeTRTL, HTO
xa-paxTep xemeHeHm KT R Ka B ycacenRx xaBmTanxx npx padotixx max xarrecTBeHHo OTXRHaeTCH OT R3BeCTHUX paHee peeyALTaToB.
XapaxTep 143MeHeHRH KT R Kg npx EOCT0EHH02 OTHOCRTeZLHOk HO-cTyrui B 3aBR0MM0CTR OT IrpRE-const R OT G HpRY.const noxa-aaH Ha rpaOutax, npxBeAel-max comBeTcmeHHo Ha (W. 2 x 3.
Hax oTmegeHo Bume, RCHUTaHRE MOAeMerl 11p0B0ZRXRCL B xamiTa
-nxoHHoR Tpy6e, B yczoBxRx xoTopoR BO3M0EH0 npoRmeHlie BAREHRE
CTeHOK. MeTOAU pactieTHo2 onexxx 3T00 oWexTa npx RaBRTaHRR B
Ha-cToRmee BpemR OTCyTCTByMT. 1103TOM7 pRA m0AeAe2 rpe6Tax BRHTOB
6.11A xcnuTaH B xaBmTal;molmom 6accetHe CCCP, re RcruuTamm Hpopo
ARTCH B yczosxx, 6M113Kmx K "cBo60AH02 BoAe". 143 cOnocTaBaeHRR
apxBux AeRCTBRH, noapleHHax B paawmax excnepxmeHTazImax yoTa-HoBxax, nomaaHHoro Ha (imr.4, czezyeT, HTO BintHHae CTeHOK
KaBR-TaHRoHHoil Tpy6a B AaHHom czytme npaxTmecxx He npoRBAReTcR.
Epx pa6oTe rpe6Hax BRHTOB B CROMeHHOM noToxe 113-3a Hecmmmff-pxx o6Texamm Ha HRX Boaxxxam nonepegHae emu, opmeHTxpoBanHue
B peaxIllax ycAoBlem BepTxxaxmo BBepx. 3TR CHAU mOryT cocTaBAReT BilauTemHylo =no OT ynopa, HTO Heo6xo11xmo TixTaBaTI,
xax B
pac-rieTaX XOAKOCTR, Tail i Hp0HHOCTR BaxonpoBoAa. B xamTagaoHHoll Tpyde 6uax BanoAHeHE mccAeAoBaHmR nonepetmoR cxxa npx = 30.
10KQ
\
oc,\ 0.9 0.8 0.7 0.6 ./
/
/
05 \S'/
/
,
Kz % 0.4 0.5 0.3 I 04 0.2 03 0.1 o5), 0.7 0..8 0.9./
37
-0.4 0.4 cpu r. 1 10Ko 1.1 1.2 P/1)(0.6R) AE/A0 .0.95, z =3 41 0° 1:3 1.4KT 0.3 az 0.1
38
-0.6 0.4 0 04 06 081.0 4'=12° 11° P/40614.4 A /A0. 0.95 ; z =3 ; 1.1.1 6° 0.4 6 4,12 0 (pur. 2 P/D016R)4.4 A 0 -0.95 z3 J=1.1 as% 025 0,45 25 6v 0.4080810 Our. 3 p12° 2° 11° 2.5 0.4 0-3 0.2 0.1 00 Oh 0 2 4 60.4 1 0.4 0.2 a3 0.1 0.2 0.1 0.0 P/04.6R)." 0.7 0.8 0.9 1.0 1.1 12 13 1.4 1.5 1.6 J 14/A0=0.95 10K0 112 11 1.0 0.9 0.8 0.7 0.6 0.5 Cp ur. 4 KT 0.4 1 0.5 0.3 I 0.4 (12 0.3 0.1 02 z -3 0.7 0.8 0.9 1.0 1.1 12 1.3 1.4 1.5 1.6 J
Ha clac.5, xoTopue cmineTeaLcTnyze o TOM, 4TO, mute npm
cpamm-Texia..Ho Hecloummom cxoce noToxa = 8°, nonepetnim cm.ga momtex
coo-TaBARTI, nopunica 202,, OT ynopa. ripm 3TOM C paarflumem RaBRTaURH
se-amgmlia TO emu ymeHLmaeTcH.
0.4 KT Q3 0.2 0.1
-
40 -piD(06R).to AE/A00.95 z.3y.e
to 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 09 1:0 CPur.5Taxmm odpaaom, B peayniTaTe sunomienHoro mcczenoBaHm
anep-sue noxygeHa cmcTemaTmqecxme AanHme no rmgpozgnammtlecxmm xapaxv
TepmeTaxam xaemTapymulmx rpe6aux BRHTOB B CROMBHHOM noToxe. 3Tm peapaTaTu 63rnyT CROCO6CTBOBaTB ROBHMBHRIO TO4HOCTR nporH03mposa-HM2 XOILOBRX Ka4BCTB OLICTp0X0AHUX CyA0B.
IMTEPATYPA
NOIHROBRI M.H. - 4e2cTime cynosoro rpeoHoro BRHTa B ROCOM
noToxe - Tp. LUE11 RM. aRaA. A.H.KpLulosa, min.14, 1946.
Mammnoa M.A., Pycenxml A.A., Ca,AosnmxoB E.M., mmep 3.A.
,asmaviTezx OacTpoxonnux cyAoB - MaA. "CynocTpoeHme", A., 1973.
Summary of Biscusione, Propeller Committee, XI ITTC, To-kyo, 1966.
41
-4. TRTOB M.A., Eropos A.T., ZpoidaemsoB B.O. XoAlcocTI, ducT-poxoAgNx cyAos - 143A. "CyAocTpoefute", 11., 1979.
n.A.E0rA3HOB, D.M.C8A0BHEROB,
BOAPETOKRA RBICTRTyT ludgpo- aiiMA itm.axaA. A.H.4Nacata,
ARiiax cyHa,
196158, ZeiralirpaA,9003, Bapia
CCCP
Bansapm
P.3.1(a.nes,
Boarapclud
iCTTT
rupo-amxxx cpula, 9003, Baplia, Boxrapios
AA
MEX A HHKA
81
MECHANICS
HETBIPTH KOHFPEC FOURTH CONGRESS
CenTemapn 1981 September 1981
Bamta Ebmapitst Varna Bulgaria
4)3NEVITEEPI, PAB0TAM4 BBEN314 rPAHNI1501 PA311IA U.A.MaBnIzoB, A.A.Pycenxid
ZocrmEeHme 0071E3LAX cxopocreti xua npm coxpaHeamm ymepelf-Hux 3HageHmk moulgocrm ,umrareneft cOecnegEBaerca 3a cger
cHmEe-HAA conpormBaeHmE 2, B gacrHccrm, ymeimmeHmE nosepxBocrta
cmo-geHHux gacreft xopnyca. ilpa DTOM ABMEMTEZB cyElla oxa3uBaercE
Ba2313 cao6oAHok nosepxHocrm BoEu. Bmecre c rem Ha26onee
pac-npcorpaHemue cyAome ABmmoreEm obecnegmBamr couaHme ynopa rnamum cOpa3om 3a crier p83peEeH2E Ha 3acacuBa1oweil crcpoHe no nacre k rpedHcro BmHra 2712 pabogero xoneca, gTO opilBOANT K onac-HCCTM npopuBa 3rmoc4epH02o BC313rX8 B odnacrB pa3pexeHmR.EpopuB
armoccl,epHoro B03,113TX8, xax npaamno, Bezer R OHMEBH210 rEroBux nponymBcmBHux xapaxrepmcrmx ,ummArenE. 4AE mcxmogeHmE npopuBa Boupn Ha OucrpcxozHux cyAax npmHmmalorcE cnerwanBHue mepu no
3argyOneHmio ABBEMTERFI 71146o ycraHcBxe 3H1112TRUX ycrpolicrB, TO
conpoBoxxaercE 3H8g1remBHum yBemmgeHmem ccnpormBneHmE BoAu ABR-xelum cygHa. Hanpmmep, conpormmeHlie rpe011ux BanoB a onopHux
xpoHmrekHoB oucrpcxcAHcro BAHTOBOTO cy4H8 mcEer ACOT2r81'ID no
20% CT era TIORHCFC conpormBmeHmE. Hpm npmmeHeHmm BczomerHoro
ABNESITEAR, BCZOBOZ xorcporc pa3meigeH BHyrpm xopnyca cyzHa mam creHxm xpuna, npoaema mcmcgeHmE zonoaHmrenBluax Bucrynammx gacrett peLaercE AmE ramccmpylmmx cyzoB m cyzoB Ha HOABOAHNX
xpunBHx. Ha cynax Ee Ha Bo31iymHo2 nozymxe rpedyercE npmmeHeHme
RC3HPR0B, mcxnmgamiux npcpuB B03,EWM9 23 110710CT2
nozymxm,conpo-rmBneHme xoropux raxEe Accrmraer 3H8g21'eaBHon BenmgmHu.
3TOM AnE cyAos Bcex rmnoB COXp@HEBTOH onacHccrB npopuBa
Bo3gy-x8 npm zBmzeHmm Ha BoaHeHmm.
-43-na2mrene2, cneuRanIxo npmcnocodnexxxx padom sOmmam
pas-Aena cpez, 'corns npopaa armooloepHoro sosAyxa npalumgecm Hama-dexex. OgesmAHo, qT0 npimnonmanmeR ocodexxocTLL T8K2X
Awmm-renal =um° SIBMETBCR cosAaHme rHrm TOABKO 38 cger nowimexim
naxnexm Ha anemeHTax nmu1'e1Ie2, paapelteximB nporogHo2 q8CT2 .14BPIc2TeRR =mama (Sari, mcKinogeHa. T43 reopmm maxecrHo,Rro nozod-HaH Kaprma regeHmH AocrmraercH npm gmcne Kaamranmk
0,Kor-za ao
ce2 odnacr2, Kpome KasepH, rkaueHme donLme, Rem Hadeo-KoxegHocrk. Ilmcno Kaamranmm = 0 no AanneHmm a KaaepHe
zocrm-raercH npm aeHrmazuk ncnacre2, noaromy zwalaTenm aToro Tana
OTHOCRTCH K Kareropmm neHT2nmpyemax AamEmrenek.
B rpylany BeHrmampyemux r(amaurenek czegyer B nepxym
oge-pera, orxecrm nonynorpyzexxue rpedHae BaH co cnenmanLxo2
npo-olmnmpowcok nonacre2. 3rm BWITH obnanalor BUCOKPM EIL/1 Ha pacger-Ham puulme. 14x mcodeHHocrwo RaTIR8TCH ccazaHme ynopa ronmco
H2E-He qaC1LE zmcKa rpedHoro BMHT8, sepxxsul ero gacTI,amoRasi cry-nmgy, xaxonmrcH mme nosepxxocrm sua. OzwaKo mamoe mcnonLao-BaHme nnoinaAm AmcKa ZB2E2T3AH Beer K Heodxo,umoorm yaenmgeHmil ero zmamerpa m Baca. Kpome Toro, npk axone nonacTe2B GBy B03-HAMM' axaginreuxue ynapHae HarpyaKm, a Ha rpedHoR Ban ze2cT-Byer nepemeHHaH BO spemeHm nonepegHaH C2118.
odcrostrenBcrsa crpaHmgmaamr cOnacTL npmmeHeHmH
ra-KHXramareneft cpammrenExo HeOcnwamm cRopocrHamm cyAamm.MHo-rme HeAccram nonynorpyliteHHoro rpedxoro emxra moryr OurE
ye-rpaHeHa nyrem 4iopmkponaHma norom az= m BeHrmnmppoinero rasa. Talum odpaacm, grodu cdecnegmTL paaHomepxylo aarpyaxy nonacre2 BO Hoax rogKax AmcKa umlurelm, ara 38A848 pemaercH B Talc Ha-saxaemom BeHrmnupyemom BCZCM3TH0M zwemmrene (B.B.1U).3ror
nam-Annan. COCTO2T 23 KoporKoro sogoacAa C H8ABOZHUM 11712
nonyncZ-BoAHum aadpocom crpym m padogero Ecneca, pacnoncxeHHoro Ha
BR-XOZ3 23 Bozos= (p2c. 1). Epm padore BeHrmnmpyemoro
sozomeT-Hcro AwcureaH rpaxmua pa3gena cpeA npoxozmr no nmcxy padogero
Koneca, a He Hopmaabxo a Hemy, KaK aro Ha671mAaercH
y
nonyno-rouceHHcro rpedHoro waHra. aonacrm padogero Koneca odreKamrcH
c cdpasonaHmem Ha 3acacuaame2 cropoHe nonydecKcHeRmix Kaxepx,
n2raemux armocepHam ricagyxcm CC cropoxil BUXOZHOTO ropu,a
Box-BoAa. CrpyH 38 nammrenem paartenHercx 3TAMM KasepH3m2 Ha
nonacreR.CrpyK 44 nonacreR.CrpyK
-rypa crpym seHrmnmpyemorc namsureaH noKasaHa Ha 4;iororpaclam OD2r.
2. IlocKonEKy KasepHH, cmuKaHcB c 0rmocclepo2, cdmnI.Ho RLITMOTCR
BC3AyX0M, nameHme B HMX pamo armoccDepHomy m zonoaHmreaBHce no-crynneHme 8034571a c Harexamnimm gapes BoAosadopHuk KaHan ZUEM-Telys noroKom He cKasHaaercH samerHo Ha peEmme em o padora.
CrarmgecKoe AaaneHme nepen padogmm Kcnecom nn rein TOE,
Ate npaKrmgecKm pamo armoccDepHomy, IIGCHORBV npm maaom saraydne-HAM rmnpocrarmgecium zameHmem MCEHO upeHeOpegL. TorAa mmeo1M macro xapaKrep odreKaHmE nonacre2 coonercrayer deszmoWyscpHomy
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