TyH e
TO OHH C/RiyUH 3ByKb ('b HAH UaHKOBOTO e), KOHTO rocn. TeoAopoB'b hckh Aa Ha3HanaBa cb k (rAeAafi CTaraaTa My BbIlep. Cn. IV
h V : ,,3a 3ByKbTb k Bb HOBoSbArapcKH e3HKb“ ), KaTO H3AH33 O rb KpHBOTO npeAnOAOJKeHHe, Heh e
HMaAb OTb KpaH-BpeMe, a HMa AO AHCCb Bb HOBoSbAT. e3HKb OHH CXAHU 3ByKb, kohto nyBaMe Bb ropenpHBeAeHHTt AyMH, t.e.
3ByKbTb\ KoeTo npeAnoAOAteHHe ce He cpema HHKaKb Cb HCTHH3T3, K3KTO me BHAHM-b nO-nOCAe, KaTO AOHAe AyMa 3a b Bb H3TOHHO- SbArapcKH. A TbH KaTO toh ocoSeHb 3ByKb 'b AOXomAa He caMO HaM-feCTO CTapoSbAT. f, HO H HaM-feCTO H K, TO MHCAH, He me 6 *A e no-Ao6pe, upeAH Aa roBopa coScTBeHO 3a
Hero,
Aa Kama hLkoako AyMH 3a oShkhobchoto ynoTp-feSAemie Ha a h kB-b H3TOHHo6A>ArapcKH, Ta nocAe Aa pa3npaBH no-HamnpOHKO 3a CBOHCTB3Ta H npOH3XOH<AeHHeTO Ha TOH KypH03eH-b 3ByKb % KOHTO 3aCAy>KBa H3HCTHHa TOA-feMO BHHM3HHe, 3amOTO HH OT- KpHBa H"bKOH npeAH cAuyecTByBamH,
a
cera H3He3HaAH cbohctb3 Ha 6-bArapCKH e3HKi>.f t .
CTapoSbATapCKHHTb Ha3aA-b -ft (M3AbKb K)Cb) HMa Bb H3*
TOHHOÓbArapCKH e3HKT> mpu pa3AHHHH 3aM"feHH:
1.
B-b
H"feKOAKO AyMH TOH AOXOJKAa Cb H333AHHH eH eAe- MeHTb; THH AyMH C7k\A*b H b C B H H A b , H b C B H H A e H y >K H A 3 3 y CTapoSbAT.
ckmh/Rt h b mLcto ckmąha\Th t e r r if ie r i;
A b 6 p b M H H HAH S p b H H H CTapoSbAT. Ep/ftKIHRTH SOfiare;
'
A bp
b my
h (Ka3BaTb 3a K yne) CTapoS. p M r :(Mikl. 2I, 41)
la t. r i n g i; lit. r iż e n t i = 3;r6h c e ;
A b S B b H H H , S B b H T H ; S b H K b M (BM-feCTO S B b H K b M>
CTapoS. 3k a k h a»t h;
A b a e H H b (bm-Lcto xa e h hb ) CTapoS. o-)pwan;RTN d e b ile m f ie r i ( M ik l. 2I 3 8 );
bp t> hkb m Kop. kpak ( M ik l. E ty m . Lex.), OTb acto nocAe Bp'aKbM npe3b — Kp-fcKdTH, K3KTO KA 3KbM OTb nbpBOHaH. KOp*
KAMK npe3b Krt’bKaTH ;
( J J T p è H ^ H H y ( C T a p » 3 a r o p c K o : (])T p èH T B H y) K o p . t p x t. o t b
Kohto BTpemeHi. ;
Ul à H TB B OTB CTapOÔ. IB/ÄTdTH, OTAÊTO IHBTBM npe3B C p ^ A * H°Ô B A r. IlIXTATH.
r i p n THH AyM H CB OCTaTBKB OTB Ha3aAH0 npOH3HOUieHHe Ha CTap o ô . a H e na [He C. M.] c e n p n ô a B flT B o m e h t b p h o b c k h t í í :n hh
-ÂHCèT, J H B H H J H C C T H K y A Ó H A p t , KOHTO BB JIOBeHB Cfe
r °B o p H T B 6 e 3 B H a 3 a ^ B : n h a h c èt, a h b h a h c ö t, ky a è a p b. 2. Bb H^KOAKO A yM H CAeA"b naAaTaAHHT-fe MC, Ul H i ( j ) c x - 'y ilH T B H a3aA B X HM3 3B yK B Ha S. Bb C plàA H bO Ô B A r. e3HKB e TOBa Kaî 0 npaBH AO , m oTO BC'feKO C T a p o Ô B A r. x A a c e n p e rA a c H b b x ,
^ °m b c t o h CAeAB peneHHT'fe T p n naA aTaA H H 3B yK 0B e^). T o B a n PaBHAo c e na3H t b b p a c C T p o ro b b n p a B H A H H rfc cp'feAHbO ÔBAr.
naMeTHHpH h a n o «M a H3KAK)HeHHH OTB H e ro , t o t is c e c p e m a T B He b b K op eH H H T 'k cpHHKH, a b b nadejwm im tb oK om aH ux; a T y ü n P0H3AH3a n B K B OTB caMOTO ecTecTB O Ha e3HKa n o OHOBa BpeM e, k °Ö T 0 3a xB a H 3 A B A a 3aH eM apB a naAOKHT-fc. JXn p n o t b TOBa c P 'fe A H b oôB A ra pcK O npaBHAO 3a n p e rA a c im e T O Ha x b b x c a c a b
lu. h i e x CAeAHHT"fe H 3 T 0 H H 0 0B A r. AyM H, BB KOHTO BMÍ5CT0 CTa p o 6 . a c t o h a :
i B 3 H K CTapOÔ. IX 3 K IK B CplîAHOÔ. hXSBIK'K H 6 e 3 B î: X 3 k lK T \ 3 à i B K MH. H. 3 à i B H. H (Hé: 3àiH,H) CTapOÔ. 3dlXH,K Cp'feAHOÔ.
3l'IXlJIk ---- 3dXII,K.
m i HB c t6 . luxíia c p 6 . uixna.
tu B T B M CTÔ. lU X T d T H C p6. LUXTATH.
! K Í T B B CTÔ. >KXTKA c p 6 . JKXTKA.
 B A ÿ ’B M CTÖ. JK X A d T H C p 6 . >KXAATH, HO HM3 H HÎAAATH.
n p H H B C CTÔ. lipH Y X C T K H e MOHCe A a c e n p H H H C A H K B M B TO P- H t l r k A y M H ", 3 B y K B T B K B B H e fl HaM"feCTO CTÔ. X Ce T B A K y B 3 H3
• ^ P y m H 3H H H B : n p H H B C e A o u iA O o t b n p im e c T b K a K T O n à M B T
° T'L n à M e T b — ( r A e A - n o -A O A y ) . l i a h m3 h A p y r o : c a c a b u c t ô. Ha3 a A B a c h o c T a B a b b c p ^ A H O Ó B A r . HenpOMWHewb : y x a©, h a- y<At h h n p ., H H K o ra [h m b t h! C . A i. ] , m x a«*, h a y x t h h n p . k3k t o CBHAe T e A C T B y B a T B H HOBOÔBAT. H e A
y,
H B U è - U l T B , a He H B Ay
A ^ X p H A . ! C . A i. ] , H B H B - I H T B . F Ip H H H H a T a , 3 a iIJ 0 C A e A B Y X He
^U H yB a BB C p tA H B O Ó B A r a p C K H T i naM C TH H U H BB X , T p 'b Ô B a A a c e
"u p e n b b MeKOtno n p o H 3 H o m e H H e Ha t o h n a A a T a A B , k o h t o e f la C'feAB, b h a h c e , y’ (K a K T O h A H e c B c e H yB a n o m h o t o M"fecTa, k a K B K3T0 oMemem 3ByKB : yo^a o = n ’ ÿ A y ) ; o t b t8m b c t ô.
= r y’xA©, K a K T O A\OAX AVOa’x.
3. T p e T a T a s a M ^ H a Ha c t ô.-t o x b b hAa h h HOBOÔBArapCKH 3HKB e C X ip a T a , K 3K B 3T 0 H HaM HpaM e BB CpBÔCKH — 3 B y K B T B e’ Ko h t o 3 B y K B h m3 b c h h k h t^ c b o h c t b3, k o h t o t h h m3 b c íj k o
M Thdo i'Y'itm nnoDuim cBruPWiiaMP H RT» MilKaBCKO-XT>DBHTCKH C3HKT».
O Ó H K H O B 6H O e ( o n . c t6 . e)> T . e . T O c e n p o H 3 H 3 C H c b y a a p e H H e
Karo h h c t o è: ped (pm,v k), « m (n^Th), muAè (t m a), a 6 e 3 b y A a - p e H n e o Ö H K H O B e H H O Kara h : pudyeé (pmaoké), n u m m 'à x (hatk T - b y - h ) , n h a h (i i h a m) , n ht t (n ^ ra ), h o h K a T O ' b : n è H 'b 3 H ( i r k H A 3 H ) , p a c T t r (pacT/ftr-k), n a M ' t T (naaiATK), 3a 3 B y K a b o r b as m e c e r o B O p H n o - A O A y o c o ö e H O . A n b K b k o a k o t o 3 a 3 B y K a e O T b /ft H fe M a k3k b o A a c e K a > K e , o c B e H b , n e t o h e H a -
CTaHajiT., cjieA'b KaTO H3naAHaAb Ha3aAbTb. BoKaAHHHTb eAeMeHTb
y t o h H a 3 a A b e 6h j i t> H e n p e iv rfe H H O 3 B y K b T b « t. e . A c e e n p o H 3 - n a c H A o B-b c T a p o ô - b J i r . K a T O en, o r b k o c t o e H , K a T O o T n a A H a A b H a - 3 3 A H H H T b 3 B y K b , O C T a H a A b H H C T H H T b B O K a A b <?. A T b H K a T O 0 6h- K H O B e H a T a 3 a M t H a 3 a /ft B-b B C H H K HtIj lO T O C A a B H H C K H e 3 H U H (6 -b A T ., c p - b 6 c K O -X T .p B a T C K H , c a o b c h c k h) e B e e t o h B O K a A -b e, t o
TBi>pAe B^poflTHO e, ne <ft c e e npoM3HacHAO Bb b c h h k h t í í pe- neHH e3HUH eAHO BpeMe paBHO t. e. B e e KaTO en.
\ x .
Toh CTapoÖTiArapcKH noAyBOKaAb hah tt>h HapeneHHH mcl- JlbtCb iepb CX TO 3aM'bCTHAH Bb H3T0HH06bATapCKH, na H Bb U"fe- AHH 6bAI\ e3HKb BbOÔme, ABa C'bBCeMb pa3AHHHH 3ByKa : Ö H e
h to no eAHO TBbpAe npocTO npaBHAO, KoeTO Monee Aa ce h3- Ka>Ke T-bH : TaMb, acto ct6. k e nocTOHHHa 6yKBa — acto He OTnaAa, TaMb toh npneAb 3ByKa Ha s (iepb-roA-feMb), a TaMb AeTO k e BMeTHaTa 6yKBa—acto OTnaAa noAb H3BecTHH ycAOBHH, T3Mb K ce npOH3H3CH Bb H3T0HH06bAI\ KaTO e\ Cb A p y r H A y M H : 6b KOpeHHlltnrb C p ilIK ll (3amOTO K BT) KOpeHHT"k OÖHKHOBeHO He OTnaAa) MaAKHHTb iepb rA acii KaTO b (iepb-roA ^M b) : ni>H (rikHb),1) MH. H. n "b H H i è HAH n b H H HI T b --- 3 B y K b T b b CH OCTaBa, T b H b K 3K. p. T b H K
à,
r i b C T b p --- n b C T p à H np.Ho
Bb paSAHHHHT'fe cy(J)HKCH Tan c ä i h a noAyrAaCHa k npneMa 3Byna Ha e Cb b c h h-KHTÍJ
My
CBOHCTB3, KOHTO TH HM3 BC'feKO eAHO e (OTb CTÔ.e HAH /ft) Bb H3T0HH0 6bA I\ Cb T3H CaMO pa3AHK3, He TaKOBa &
(oTb k) oÔHKHOBeHO OTnaAa, moMb AO cpHHKaTa, AeTO e to, ce npHTypn KaKBa-Aa-e BOKaAHa npnôaBKa: Bb TaKbBb CAynan (Bb
* ) 3a k b t> o K O H q a H H H T a H e M o * e A a 6x a e A y M a b t> H3T o q H o6T > .n ra p c K H , 3a m o T O B i , n o e e n e m o h3t o h h h r o B o p n t o b h k H 3 q e 3 H a .n o , 6e3T> A a o c t3b k K a - K B H - r o a e c a e A H a a n p e A H u iH O T O c h m^c t o : A y M H r b i M k , k®mv, n s e rk , c«Ak n a n p . , KO H T O C X c e n p O H 3 H a C H J IH K O 0 3 H a e K 3 K *b BT) H a Ö - C T a p H H 6 T) AF . e3HKT>, A H e c T . 3a A H e c T , c e H 3 r o B a p f l r L b t> J Io B e q T , n p o c T O H a n p o c T O « s « , k o h, M > m , c o a TT>ft K 3 K T 0 c e H S T O B a p S IT t K O A , BO A , p o d , KO H TO BT> C T a p O Ô M r . Ce IIH U ia T T ) c b i , (koat), p,®Ark , ; c a M O T y K T > -T a M e b t> h î k o h y e A H H e H H H 3 T O H H o 6 'L .ir . H a -p e a H H c e q y R a eA H O O M e K q e H H e H a c t r a a c H a T a , n -p e A b k o h t o e c t o h a o k , T a c e n p o H 3 H a c s )T T > r o p H H T i ) A y M H : n m 1, k o h' , n d m ', c o a', h o b t> n o - r o a T . M a T a H a C T b OTT> H 3 T 0 H H H T Í) Ö b A T . H a p e H H fl, K 3 K T O H 6S O Ô ip U H H U K H U M C O B eH b e 3 U K b B 3 e a o B T > p xi> n p o H 3 H O u ie H H e T o : k o h, m m h n p .
^ ^ h k c h t íí) ct 6. k MO>Ke a a HMa mpoiÍHO npon3HoiueHne — Ha- cnpoTHB-b TOBa jia - m e c b yAapeHHe hah 6e3b yAapeHHe: Kora naAa yAapem ieTo B b pxy My, cycfniKCHomo k ce npon3Haca s«-
^ 2 « KaTO é: C A 'b n é u , (cA-kiiKHk), y B é H (okkh-k), y p é a (opka-k),
^ H é p (K-bHKu,K); 6e3b yAapeHHe to ce npon3Hacsi odHKHOBeHO
^aTo h: C T á p H p (cTdpKuu), ó p á T H u ; (epatriar)» t b m h h (t k-
‘"kh’k), r j i á A H H (rAdAKHk), ho h KaTO ' b : C T Í> n 'tH (ctauiknk), (t a ít k h k), k ó h'i t (kohkt'k), n b T 'b T (li-HTk-T'k), aAa H B-i> TpHT’b CAynaH cyc|)HKCHOTO k (rAacbAO e, u hah 'b ) U3te3ea 6e3 t ectbKa. d up a, m oM b AyMaTa, Bb kohto e t o, npneMa, KaKTO PeKoxMe ro p e , eouaAHa n p u ó a e K a ; OTb c A n é p m h, h. npaBH c Jl'b n p il — M e * A y n h t i ce He nyBa ««era/cses A p y rn 3B yK b;
0 rb ye en — y bhh ; y p é a — y p ah, ad j . : ó p a y b, — c t á p h n
" C T á p u H , C T á p n e ; 6 p á th n — ó p á thh (bpatky/a) ; t b mh á T b M H O , T t M H H H i ) , T ' b M H H U ' b : C T Í> n ,,b H — C T i n H H , t"í>t'tjh — t í t h'i b h np.
OcBeHb rOpHHT"fe ABe 33MÍ3HH 3a k (s H é) HOBOdbAT. e3HKb flPyrH He no3HaBa: a ano ce c p im a r b TyRb-TaMe h A pyrH 3By- K°Be noKpañ peneHHT'k ABa s h e, to T'k c a Bce OTnocAeuiHH nPerjiacH OTb a hah e — nbpBOHanaAHHT'fe 3aMÍ)HHHUH Ha k.
K a n b e A o rn e A t HOBodbAr. e3HKb a o Tan ABOHHa 3aM^Ha 3a ct6. r, He MO>Ke Aa ce Kaace. Ho ne TOBa HBAeHHe He e hobo, n°3HaBa ce no TOBa, ne Bene Bb CTapoóbArapcKHT'k M axapb h Hañ-npaBHAHH naMeTHHpH ctoh TBbpAe necTO t> HaM’feCTO k es K°peHHumrb cpnnKH, ho es cycfiiiKCiimtb thh ABa noAyBOKaAa ce Be 3aMÍ3HHBaT'b HUKOZa, HAH SKO Ce SaM'feHHBaT'b, TO 6HBa CaMO B"B TaKHBa CAynan, acto k ce He e u3zoeapHAi>: Tbñ Hanp. m,e CPeiAHeMT. : T'kA\kM'k BM"fcCTO Tk MkH’k, II-KCTP'K BMÍCTO IlkCTp'k,
^■Rka© bmÍjCto ctkkac, ho non™ HUKOZa H^Ma Aa cpem.HeM’b CrapT\HK bmíscto crapKHK, op'ka’k bm íc to opRAb hah taaat'H ’k BM tc T 0 t a j a rn’h> HAH aKO ce c p e u m a r b npHM'fepn Cb cycJmKCHO
K bm^cto k, to m e ÓA^AaTt Bce npHM’bpH K aTO: ctap'kah, op-kah,
i’ajatnhh — AeTo k ce He e npcH aH acnA b.
Pío ABOHHaTa ch saM ^H a 3a C T apodbA rapcK H H k hoboótiA- r a PCKH e3HKT» npHAHna ott> eAHa CTpaHa na cp'bdcKH , OTb A p y ra
Ha
pycK H e3HKb.Ha
c p b d c K H npHAHHa n o ynoTp'fedAeHneTO Ba K B b KOpeHHT'fe, 3amOTO, KaKTO Ce 3Hae, H CpbdCKH e3HKb li3 PaBHHA,b ABaTa c T a p o ó b A ra p c K H noAyBOKaAa ’k h k Bb eAHHb B CAlIHH TBbpA 'b 3 B yK b ü (aAa He CaMO Bb KOpeHHHTij CpHHKH, B° h Bb cytJiHKCHT'fe); n o ynoTpiíÓAeHHeTO n b K b Ha k B b cyi|)HK-S bArapcKH H esHKb ctoh no-6AH30 a o pycKH, ac to k r o 3a-1 bHHBa (aAa HaBcfcK^Ae) 3ByKbTb e.
T y K b TpisÓ B a A a K a a a h^k o a r o A y M H n O B en e B b p x y n p o - B3H o m e H H e T O Ha c t6 . k Bb H 3 T 6 b A r ., 3 a A a n o n p a B H , a n o m h
•^ A e Bb3M ox<HO , n o r p i m n o T O M H eH H e B b p x y t o h n o A y B O K a A b ,
■W'BKHaTO B b 6 b A r a p C K a T a H CAaBHHCKa 4>HAOAOrHÍI He T 0 A K 0 3 b Bo k p h b o H a Ó A io A e H H e, k o a k o t o O T b k p h b o t o H a u ie n p a B o n n - a HHe; M H eH H e, CnOpeAT« KOeTO K B b H O B O d b A rap C K H e 3 H K b yJ K b