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The CAP reform and the related effects: the state of the art

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a future policy after 2013

6.2. The CAP reform and the related effects: the state of the art

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Historical aid (Weight) Basic payment (weighted on the historical aid)

Small farm schemeUAA 2010 Greening (weighted on the historical aid)

UAA (weigh t 2010) Greening (weighted on UAA) Other measueresTotal Regional aid Differences respect the current situation

Regionalized aid per hectar Greening per hectar

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Dataset ARTEA UTE_Toscana with information about farm UAA

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W dokumencie 91.1 (Stron 72-76)

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