B b oąhhb MHCB BHHMauie uHTatomaro Mipa oópaTaaocb Ha ueaoBÍKa, o6aa-

jaBuiaro T'Iímb KauecTBOMB,

Koxopoe HBaaeTca 0ÓH3aTeabHUMB ,pa npoH3Be^,eHÍa uero-

ai¡6o

jiiiCTBHTejbiio HOBaro,

KOTopoe

óhho

oeoóeHHO

hcoóxojhmo bb

UlBepiH

fl.'lH

Toro,

UTOÓbl BH3BaTb ĄBHJKeuie CpejíH

fflBe^CKHXB yMOBB, norpy3HBUIHXCH

CO-

CTOHHie

3aCT0H,

HMeHHO: HOJHHMB HpeHeÓpeJKeHÍeMB KB npHHHTMMB OÍMUaaMB H KB c6menpH3HaHBbiMB npejpa3cyjicaMB.

CipHHjÖeprB eme Maao tém b. ycníaB BbiKa3aTb ceóa. Ho ohb B03Óy,nHaB bb CíuibH'hniHei'! CTeueHH BHHMaHie, m k b tojibko BbicTynaaB bb poja no3MyTHTe.ia o6m,e- CTBeHHaro noKoa.

Ohb aparo urpa.iB poab 6e3noKo0Haro aaeöea, B0 3 6yacaaíomaro cxiy™, cto- pOHHHKa HH3UIHXB KJiaCCOBB. Ho OHB BUCTyHaJIB TaKHMB 0Ópa30MB TOJIbKO OrpaHH- ueHHHË nepioAB BpeMeHH a He Bceipkio npeaaßaacb btoh atareabHOCTH. 9to 6 mjib MeaaHxojHKB h carapHKB, a apeatae Bcero nepBOCTeneHHufl hobtb, oÓHOflasBinia H3HKB, BOHHCTßeHHblH HO CBOefí npHpOJli, HOpastaBHlift H0BH3H0K) CBO0XB Xyj,0®e- CTBeHHHXB (JiopMB, He 3HaK)in,ÍH yaepacy bb cbohxb Hana^eHiaxB.

y Hero ecTb; itauecTBa, cxojhhh cb HóceHOMB: ropeub, iiojospuTejibHocib, pt3- KOCTb, HcnpHMHpHMaa KpHTHKa oöipecTBu. Ho Bce ace ohb jaacKO He hoxohcb Ha HopBeatcKarp jpaMarypra. H6ceHB— uacTiamifi hostb, BHCKa3biBa¡OH];ifica houthhckjiio

-ABl'J'CTb CTPHHJEEPrb. 1 2 9

EHTejibHO Bb öesanTHofi, jpaMaraiecKOfi «{topMÍ; OrpHHjôeprb ieaoBt.Kb oóaa- jaMinjn jHneTïam'CKHMU, a nojnacb h cnenjaaLHEiMH 3HamaMH Bb MHOioiincjieH- HHXb Hayaaxb h H3biKaxb; ohb HMÍeTb noHarie o xhmíii h reoaoriu, o rocyjap-OTBeHHOMT) lipaB'È H CajOBOJCTBÍ, OÓjajaeTb OÖllIHpHblMH CBÍjMaMH Bb HCTOpiH — viejKíty npoaiiMb OHb Hanacajib HCTopiro inßejcitaro napoja h coejuHaeTb cb Kyjih- Typoio, ÄOÖHTüH) HMb, TaKb cita3aTb, Ha cß to M b Bosjyxí, apyjHii/ieio, naojb joaro- BpeMeHHon paóoibi Bb thhih óaóaio’reKH. ïïociriijHHro poja paóoTbi jocTaBHJH eMy 3HaHÍe Taaoro, Hanp., OTjaaeHHaro OTb tiacb m uta , KaKb KHTaficKifi, h TaKHXb cnepiaibHHXb H C TopnaecKuxb ominem «, o kobh oraomeHia JUbohíh K b Khtbio h TaTapcKHMb CTpaHaMb; ojHa H3b ero paóoTb no .wosiy Boupocy ótiaa wraHa Bb napHiKCKOH Académie des inscriptions et belles lettres.

TaKHMb öa.MacTOMb MuorocropoHHiixb 3naHÏn hc Moacerb noxBaambca hh

OÄHHb cKaHflHHaBCKin no

3

Tb. Meacjy rían, axoTb óaaaacTb He jocTaBHJb jmj CtPhhj- óepra Toro paBHOBÍcia, KaitHMb oóaajaerb HóceHb, HecMOTpa Ha ero aepmie ohkh. Bb jyxoBHOË

5

3

HH Móceua

3

aMtaar

0

TC.a óoabime paajajbi h nporaBopiiia, no Bb Heñ oTcyrcrByiOTb TpeBorn n icoaeöaHia. YMCTBeHHaa jku3hb íTpnHjóepra, Haupo- THBb toro, óoraTa BcaKaro poja óypHbiMH H

3

MtneHÍHMH.

llepeMÍHu 3TH coBepmeHHO HHoro poja, HÍMb t í, KOTopbia npHxojHTca TaKb aacTO HaóarojaTb Bb jaTCKoñ juTepaTypí. THimaecidu xojb pa3bhtíh nocjiíjHHXb caíjyromift: lOHOina BCTynaeTb Bb m s h b, uoojymeBJienHbiM HaiBHUMb h HbUKHMb pajHKü.TH3M0Mb, sarfcMb CTpaaui oómecTBa jepataTb ero HÍKOTopoe BpeMa Bb th- CKaxb MejKjy ^cbohmu ^iphthmh, BuasHMjLjßb Hero ôbiCTpo ^bcio CTpacTb Kb oóipe- CTBeHHbiMb nepeBopo'raMb, uocaí aero oirá BnojiHi cepbe3HO, cb co3naH¡eMb co6- cTBeHHaro joctohhctbh, oöbaßaaeTb ce6a 3ptJibiMb.

y C'rpiiHjöepra MÍnaroxca, BHorja jobo.teho pfeKO, yMCTBeHHHa totku apíuia.

Ho OHb HâMÎHfleTb CBOe OTHOUieHie He Kb OTjÍJIbHHMb JHH,aMb, KaKb ÖOJlie MejIKie yMu, a Kb HjeaMb, Kb HCTopuaecKHMb cnaaMb. Corroe BpeMa oHb Bbierynaab Bb KauecTBÍ 3am,HTHHKa HH3iuaxb iuiaccoBb oömecTBa irporaBb Bbicmuxb, paBencTBa npoTHBb HepaBeHCTBa. SaTÍMb ^oht> ^cjíjujich npoTHBHHKOMb HU3inaro ^k.xa cea, KHKb Kjiacca napießb, npo3BaHHaro HMb Tschandala; OHb orrucbiBaeTb MyneHEraecTBO, iipe- TepnÍBaeMoe Be.iiiKHMii japoBauiaMH Bb oóipecTBÍ, r j í bcíi BjiacTb cocpejoToniiBaeTca Bb pyKaxb nocpejcTBeubocTH, ^h upu siOMb BupaacaeTb cBoe raydoKoe yótatjeHie, uto paBeHCTBO HeB03ii0iKH0 u HeaieaaTeabHO, HHKorja ne cymecTBOBaao h HHKorja He MOaceTb t o b ycTUHOBaeHO. Bb Teueme piaaro paja JiÍTb OHb Bb .TuiepaTypí a b jarea opaTopoMb sa Hapojb, t. e. 3a Maauxb h cjiaöuxb. BarÍMb HacTynajo BpeMa, Korja OHb cTaab 3auiumaTb npaBO cujbHaro h BtiKasHBaTL yjKacb Kb th- paHiiiu caadaro.

OHb 6H.ïb npHBepateHpeMb Pycco, H axojnjb hoctoheho Bce hobmh h hobhh

jOKa3aTeibCTBa cnpaBejJiHBOcth ocHOBHbixb Hjefi Pycco u n p o jo ja ta jb HanajeHia Ha H3JHHI6Kb HHBHJH3apÍH Bb Ka'ieCTB'li CTUparO HOKJOHHHKa HpHpOJbl. Ho BHOCjfejCTBM OHb TaKb jajieKO OTOineab OTb btoto nexojuaro nyHKTa, uto nanucajib ojuy nsb

TH O Pr^b E P A H flE C b . II.

1 3 0 A B ry c T t cTPHHflBi p r^ .

caMiJXT. h b u ik iix b iB a a e fiB H iT , p t a e f i , cym ecTB yrom uxB bb jim e p a T y p i, bb B een.

B e jin K a ro aHTianoaa JK a H B -JK a K a , B o a b T e p a , n p o ca a B a a a bb n e ii n o c a ia H a r o raaB- HBIM'Í, 00pa30MT,, K aK i. yMCTBeHBdro apHCTOKpaTa, aaæe mhmoioäomb He y n o M iin a a

HMeHii Pyceo.

Bo MHOniXB 1131. CB0HXB COHIIHeilifl 0HB BUCiyiia.lB BB 3am,UTy OCBOfioatjefliH xeHiHHHti, ypaBHeHifl ea bb npaBaxB cb mj'/KHhhoio, bo3mojkhocth h hco6xoji,hmocth COBM’feCTHOÎI HÍH3HH Ha CB060ä’6 OÖOHXB nOJIOBB. TdKB, H d lip ., BB „ K p 3 C H 0 fi K O M -n a T ' I ; “ , BB tomb M t c r t ea, r a ^ aBTOpB Bbiica3MBaeTB cboíí coócTB eB iibifi B 3ra aaB , roB opuT C fl c a ta y io m e e : ,,0 6 'fi CTopoiibi ä a o K r a iO T B cBo6oaHoe c o ra a m e iiie , iihkto He 0TKa3M jB aercfl otb cB oeîi caMOCTOflTeaLHOCTM, oahhb vBam aeTB caaôocTH j p y r o r o , 3aKJiH)HaeTCji toBapmpecTBO Ha ptayio acH3Hb, KOTopoe ne ocaaóaaeT ca ii3^jihhibiímb Tpe

60

3

HÍCMB H'hSKHOCTH CB OftHOH H3B CTOpOHB“ .

Ho He ycmbao npoËTH hIíckojibko aim., kmkb OTHomenie kb btomy Bonpocy CTpiiHjóepra pajincajibHO ^h3^{m íhiuo ci}..

H e p e id im i iipoaBHaacb nepBOiraaaabuo bb kh.tíi äo iiÍK o ro p o ii c re iie m i ocho- BaTeabHaro B03Mym,ema no noBoay yßiiaceiiia MyjttaHHbi it oóuroTBopeHia a te im p n u , KOTopwa aoaroe BpeMH rocuoacTBOBaaH bb im am im n JiHTepaTyp-I;. H e to.tbko bb KHuraxB r-a tB 9abrpeHB h A rpeaab, OTHOcaiipxca kb aiOMy BpexieHH, u He t o m o bb nocaiflH eM B apaMäTiiaecKOMB npon3Bea,eHÍH T o crp yna m eniiunibi 11306paataiOTca CToaiHHMH cb naabMOBHMH B’feTBiiMH bb pyKaxB, ho ii aym uie hostbi H opBeriH man ho Tony me n y ra . Bb apaM'6 Bbepucona ototo nepexoanoro y CTpiiHaóepra npeMeHii /KeHui,HHbi iianepepuB B a,pyrB nepeaB apyroM B ciaan cbohmh ao6poariiTeaaMH 11 Myme- ctbomb; bb „ JIe 0 n a p a t “ naeaaB pacxaatHBaaB BonaomeHHbiMB bb jkhbomb o ó p a s í, a y HóccHa, KOTopuii He 6biaB em,e tboppomb PeöeKKH h Teaati PaóaepB, miTaTeaii npHBBIKJIH KT» TOMy, HTO TOTf> CclMblil llOBTT», KOTOpblH K&iKUBIH p8/3T>, KOr,H<l BKJIäßbl- BaaB CBOH 30HaB bb cepape MyjKHHHBj BUKa3biBaaB 6e3nomaaao hxb rpyóocTB h HHHTOJKeCTBO, BblHyCKiiaB II3B pyKB II HOÎKB, II 30HaB, CB Ha605KHOIO BlipOIO pOM3HTHKa, KaKB ToabKO eMy npaxoanaocb HMliTb a'fcJio cb meHm,HHOio. CoabBeurB — komimh- MeHTB iKeHiniiHaMB bb HaTypaabHyio Beaum iny; aaace Meaiiaa aoacb y H o p a a o cra - BaaeTB eñ aBoiiHyio npeaecib — aa u kto HeceTB BHHy 3a 3Ty aoatb? TeabMepB. H a - KOHepB iw ia a c a ra p a bb „ C T o a u a x B o 6 m , e c T B a “ HanpanacHa HCKammeabHO npoTHBB Myat'iHHB, TaitB 'n o bb cymnocTH CMbi -aB Been Hbecu BbipaataeTca bb 3a- KaiOHHTeabiibixB caoßaxB KOHcyaa B epsH iia: „Botb ic j i y a Hayanaca 3a 3th a m i:

meHmnHbi — CToaiibi oömecTBa“ . H a'kftcTBHTeabHO bb u becli o ir t urpaioTB iraeHHO 3Ty poab.

Bb Biiay noaoÔHaro poMaHraaecnaro noitaoHeHia ateiiiHHHi, Ha KOTopoe xo- pouiia n yMHbia ateHHJ,iiHM rasaban cb yabiöitoro, Mcmay t'Íimb KaKB caMOMHiiTeab- Hbia ^h caMOHiiaÈHHHbia npiiHiiMaaH Bee 3T0 3a aHCTyio MOHeiy, npoTecra CïpHHa- 6epra He upeacTaBaaan coöcTßeHHo Hiiaero aypHoro. He 3aoe ayBCTBO bo bcakomb cayaa'È pyKOBoanao npii btomb hmb. nepeBopoiB, Hpoacujeamiü bb neMB, oóycaoB- aHBaaca HecoMHiiHHO oiaacTH anaHbiMB ero ohbitomb, oiaacTii DpeyBeanaenHUMii

ape-A B ryC T t CTPHHIBEPrB. 13L

dOBHHiaMH, npejTjflBJIfleMiaMH KB MyiKHIIHaMB HrI>KOTOpbIMH JKGHIUHHBMH H HÈKOTOpblMH noi,CTpeKaeMUMH hmh MyjKiHHaMii; Tara, Memiy npoinMB, bt> IIlBepin npomera He B noiH Î cnpaBei niBHfi aaEOiioiipoeKT'b o lapoBaaiH saMyatHefi HieHmirat HCKatOHHTeab- Haro upaBa Hai'i, bc-Jimb, tto OHa npioÔp'ÉTaera. B ic u CTpnmdepra automumcb okoh- HaTeabHo bb uedaaroupiaTHyio ir a meHin,HHB CTopoHy ôaaroiapa BpastieÔHOMy no- __

aoæeHi[0 OTHOCHie.iLHO MyatHHH'ii, 3aaaT0My pa3aHiHbiMH iiHmynjHMH n opaTopcTBy- JOIJIBMH JKf Hlü,0HaMH CîpHHIÔeprB lie yiOBMTBOpHJICfl rfclVlB, 'ITOÔbl 3HepraqecKH IipOTHBOI'lîMCTBOBaTI» 0 MB II.! H ÎKG lOMOpHCTHHGCK H BSrJlHHyTB HH H'f'iKOTOpblH KOMH-Becrdfl npoHBaema dopbdw 3a meucKoe l'feio. Ohb 3aFOBopn.ra tohomb, cootb^t- CTByKHURMB caMOMy rpydoMy h ptoicoMy TOHy, npHHHTOMy 3am,0THHKaMH aîeHCKHXB npaBB, n M a jio no Maay 1 0 TaitoË cTeneHn npoHHKca oihoio ochobhoio nieero, hto

ero MipoB033pf.Hie Bnojnrfe bo3moskho BbipaBinb oihoio (f»pa30io: atencidt h o ib

Bp a ri. H ocai aT oro ohb HeycTaimo pncoBara jneHiipHy araaHTGJibHO npeBOCxoïa- mero xHTpodbio MyatiHHy, yrHeTaiomero ero, noiaBraioineto: MyatTHHa cnaeHB n Be- jiHKOiyineHB, noaTOMy He yM'beTB dura b ît h o Ha-CTopoari;. JKeHmmia ate yMua bb

MeionaxB, xaipa, ratHBa h HH3MeHHa bb CBoefl acaæi'È BiacTii. Ecjih MyatTHHa Te- nepb He codepcTca cb ch.iîim h iaa dopbdbi cb neio, eMy npnieTca bb kohivè kohi],obb noiiHHHTbca îKOHCKOMy ury.

HeHaBncTb h BOHHa Mcaîiy iByMH napoiaMH— neiaabHaa Beipb. PacoBaa He- BaBHCTb n pacoBas BOHHa eipe rayirfee

a

neiaaurÉe. Ho Bofina h HeHaBiicrb Meaciy iByMH HoaaMii, Meraiy leyMH noaoBHHaMH aejiOBfpiecKaro po ia ,— dyieMB ase jhoibmh! roBopHTB nonyran bb cica3KaxB AHiepeeaa.

Ho He aaio Tepsib H3B BHiy, n o hc CTpraideprB HasaaB Han oôbhbhib BOÎHy. BoHHCTBeHHbie KpHKH IHBHO y»e pa3iaBaaHCb npOTHBB MyjKBHHB H3B „ aa- repa h4m hxb“ , ho BbipaateHiio oihoë uopBeaxKoii micaTeabHiinbi, n HÎKOTopua pa3- rHtBaHHua ih m h Beau céda HacTOibKO Heaino h komhmho, hto co CToponbi m m a, atHBymaro bb M ipi HacipoeHifi, aento nonaromaroca BneiaTiforiaMB latiaoË mh- HyTBi, npocTmeabno dbiao BOcnoab30BaTbca hxb ao3yHroMB, htoobi odpaTHTb ero npOTHBB OiKCCTG'ICHHblXB I]pOTnBHHH,B MyjKCKOrO HOia.

IIoca'ÈiHia, Hanp., iicnycicaaH uoctohhho rpoMida acaaodu na iBoiïcTBeHHbia npaBCTBPBHbiH

33

0

HB, KOTopuft paspiinaeTB Bce MyæBHHt, h Hiiaero He pa3pi- inae.TB aieHmHHt. Ci-pHEideprB nnineTB: „JKeHipHHa npoTiiBonocTaBuaa ipyrB ipyry IBa HpaBCTBeHHbixB

3

aKOHa: OIHHB laa MyatïHHH, a ipyrofi iaa ateHipHHbi. Ecan MyiKHHHa H SKCBmnHa BCTynaiOTB bb cbh3b ip j t b CB ipyroMB, OHa Ha3UBaeTca My- aeHHn,eK), d+.UHOio codaa

3

HeHHoro l'ÊiiyiiiKOio, a ohb neroiaeMB, Mep3KHMB codaa3HH- TeaeMB“ .— Pa

3

rHi>BaHHbia

3

anniTHHn,bi aieHCKHXB npaBB odbiKHOBeHHO B03Myin,aaHCb pasanaieMB bb TpedoBamaxB, npeiBaBaaeMHXB MyatiHHaMB n HteHuiHHaMB npn BCTy- naeBÎH bb dpara. C-TpimideprB rnimeTB: „Co6aa3HenBaa itsyniKa TepunTi ypoHB ToabKO bb oihomb oTHomeHÎu: OHa yipaaEBaeTB yBaaceHÎe laMB, Tara Kara lona-

3

biraeTB cbohmb nocTyniiOMB cboio raynocTb. MyîKanHH ateHaica n Ha

codaa3HeH-1 3 2 A B ry c ra CTPHHjtBEPrt.

hmxb flÍByuiKaxí., a Ha B^OBaxi, n Ha npocTHTyTKaxb. Ohh He 6pe3rjiaBu. Toübko

í;aMH h BbepHCOHB HtenatorB, htoóh ronoina óbmh hhctu“ .

Kb HecnacTbio, CipHH.nóepr'f. caMB ocnaÓJiajiB ¿¡.ífiCTBie cbohxb Hana/ieaia, ny- CKaa bb xo,h;b npeyBejmeHiH h BBiciynaa bb po™ r-aca KojmeTTB MyaccKoro nojia.

Bb 3T0MB UpOHBJIHJiaCb KHKB ÓH BUCIHafl (JlOpMa B03Me3»H. Bb CBOeMB HeronoBa-

híh 3T0XB nacaTeab óhjib óojibrae Bcero hoxoikb Ha tj, kím b „ohb MeHbine Bcero

xotíjib

6

h ómtl“ .

T-»a KoxieTTB, bbtopb npenpacHaro poMaHa „ ^ o n e p a A mt m a

11

p a“ h

pa3HuxB npyrnxB, Meaíe 3aMÍHaTejibHBixB coHimemS, BBiCTynaaa bb j í j i í 3ain,HTbi HteHCsaro Bonpoca He cb tojo cíepjKaHHoeTbio, KOTopaa Bcerjia H^eTB MyjKaaHÍ h

HHKorj;a He Se30Ópa3HTB h JKeHmaHy. Bb coBpeMeHHuxB coaHHeHiaxB pa3MHHHXB eBpoHeñcKHXB CTpaHB OHa pa3o6jiaaaaa HenoiTHTejihHoe OTHOineaie kb ateHin, naí h

BHCJi'bíKHBa.aa MyiKCKyio rpydocTB. ^aace bb HeBHHHHXB „ J K e B a x B xyaoatHH- a a “ Aab^oaca Jl,o^e OHa Haxo^Hua 3Ty HenoiTHTejiBHOCTb; OHa .apinaa no Toro,

hto Ha3Baaa Hedoabinon Becejibrii pa3CKa3b o MaaenbKOMB (f»paHn;y3eK0MB rycí, ko- Topbiñ bb 3iomb cóopHHKÍ hochtb 3arjiaBÍe „ L e s v o i e s de f a i t “ ,

ray-6

oko

6

3

HpaBCTBeaHUMB. ^pyrin nHcaTejiMiapu HopBeria nepemuiH

3

Ty (jdopMy dopbóbi npoTHBB MysKCKoro BtpoJiOMCTBa. F-ata Tana Kporb Hanacajia bb „Framat“ : ,,Ka- MHJi.na KojuieTTB óy,a,eTB npaBa b í h h o, noTOMy aro OHa rayóme H3Cjrbjyetb cyTb Bonpoca, témb bcí ocTajibHbie, noTOMy hto ona oóaanaeTB HCKpeHHOCTbio reaia

h tímb rpoMa^HUMB ii H3Hin;HbiMB MyjKecrBOMB (aaufiTLTe conoeiaBaeaie H 3 a m- Hoe h rpoMapoe), MyacecrBOMB ayBCTBa, aoiopoe aBaaeicfl ocoóeHHOCTBio hctiih- Haro noaTa... ÜMeHHO noTOMy, hto ona flÍHCTBHTeabHO ateHCTBeHHa, Bce, hto ona HHineTB h roBopiiTB, HHKor^a ne ómio 3arpH3Heao neaaTbio paócTBa no oraoinemio KB MyíKHHH'É“ .

KaiiB bhjiho h3b stoh Tupaxti, na MyaciHHy cmotpíhh Booóme, khkb na npeflCTaBHTe.iH Bpam^eÓHaro naeMeHa, OTHOcarenbBO Koroparo Ha#o óuao npeat^e Bcero óutb Bcerp,a HaeropoiKb. BuBatoTB bb jkh3hh noaoaceaiji, Kor.ua aceHin.HH'íi ape3BMHaimo Tpynao yóepeabca otb 3toh neiara paócTBa (Hanp., Kor^a OHa dpo- caeTCH na ineio cBoeay B03ii03JieHH0My); h nosTOMy-TO 3to padcrao imor^a nrpaeiB poab BB KHfiraXB, HO 3TO ÓHBaeTB, BaponeMB, POpa3íO píate, HÍMB MOHtHO dbrao

6

h npea;noaosHTb! CrpHH^deprB Bnoaní ocHOBaiejibHo 3aaBiaeTB, hto Meatji,y tímb

aaKB bc í .HHTepaTypu KHiHaTb MyatcKHMH BOCXBaaeHÍHMíi ateHm,aaB, aceHOKia xBajied-

híjh híchh MyataHHÉ cocTajifltOTB hohth HecabixaHHyK) Beipb. F-JIta KporB ÓHJia co-

bcímb He npaBa, Kor^a roBopaia: „OdpaTHTe BHHManie, itaKB yía;KO ^aace coBpe- MeHHUH naMB npoH3Bex6HÍH jiteHCKaro yMa SaBaiOTb CBodofluu otb sthxb naTeHBa . 3a to bb MyaccKOH JiHTeparypí sth nimia TaKB ate MHoroHHMeaim, Kaitb necoKB Ha a;at Mipa, Haiaaaa cb npsKioaeais ^in re uep

3

a,B Beaipaae a üeipapEH ne- pea,B Jlaypoio n Koanaa npesjiOHeaieMB TeapaKa H

6

ceaa nepe^B CoabBerirB.

nocaí Toro, KasB híkotopuh HopBeaccKm nacaTe.ibnapbi cbohmb noBejiemeMB B035ya,aaa paanpaateaie Crpaa^epra, óopbda npoTaBB i|ieMaHH

3

Ma odpaTaaacb y

H ero M a jio n o M a jiy b t> HaoTom uyio id é e fix e , T a u t hto CTaaa BpeanTb e ro x y jo a te - CTBeHHOMy KpuTHnecKOMy lyT b K ). H a n p ., o h i caM HM b piiH H T e abH U M b o ó p a a o M t o c y - jK ja e T b o p iirn H a a b n y io n i j i c y i o a p aM y „ B o p o hh“ B e n a ToabKO noTOMy, hto OHa C l BDO.ÎHis BÍÍ>pHOH) J'McTBHTeabHOCTH CHCTeMaTHHHOCTbH) H0Ka3bIBaeTb, K aE H M l o d p a ä O M i ceM bs, c o e ro a m a a HCKaroraTeabHO H3b ;k e ^h in; hhi , n o a B epra eT ca n o c jr t CMepTH cB o e ro K opM nabp á rp a ó e a ta M b a oÓManaMb b t> B n ja x b 3aBaaa1>H in E a c a lia -

CTBOMi, iipBHanJieiKaiHHMi eii.

Bee ate Heab3a He n o ó a a ro ja p iiT b CTpHHjóepra 3a 9Ty ero jta T ea b no cT b . E ro óopbóa npoTH Bi aamHTHHKOBi ocBOÖoacaeHia ateHmHHi caMa no ceó’i n p e jcT a - BJiaeTb Maao 3HaieHÍH, ho ero óopbóa npoTHBb ocaaóaem a M y tr a m i B c a tjc T B ie He3nopoBaro noBbiraeHHaro BaacToaroóia ateHnym b npeacTaBaaerb ropaaao óoabinee 3HaHenie n sBaaeTca b î c k h m i caoBOMb, cita3aHHbiMb icaftb pa3b bo Bpena. JKaab ToabKO, HTO C ipH E ^fiepry oEa3aaocb Bnoca^acTBia itpafiHe TpyjHO pa3ci'aTbca c i 3T0K) TeMOK), icoTopaa Tenepb yate aociaTOHHO TiąaTeabHO paspaóoTaHa h n ciep n aH a.

HaMi aerito 6wao 6u npHBecra iiaccy npnMipoBb roro, Kaub cnabHo roMÍ- HH.ri. CTpnHjöeprb CBOH B033pl;HiH no M ip i T o ro , Kasi roxbi man. Ho aocTaTomo dyaerb jaa aroro ocTaHOBiiibca Ha o^homi n y H ic r t.

0 , p a H3b p e fJto p M a T o p cK H ii n j e f i C T p H H jó e p ra , B b 3am;HTy K O T o puxb o h i paH bine B ce ro B b iC T y m ia i, c a ljjy r o m a a : HCKyccTBo a n o 93ia B b H am n æhh y c T a p ta n . Oh i HaxonH.51 b i ocoéeH H oern, h to óeaaeTpHCTHaecKaa h jp a M a r a ie c K ia n o 3 3 in n e - peatnaH cboio c a a ß y . ^ p a M a ra s e c K o e npoH 3B eaenie ita a a a o c b eMy <}>oi;ycHH'iecTBOMb, npH TO M i Maao ocM bicaeH H biM i n , ic p e itiï'T 'o r o , n o ^ E e p K e n a u M b nocToaHHbiMb Hea,o- pa3yMÍ3HÍHMb, r a u b H a i t i un c a re a b, B b j p a M i He M o a te ri, cKa3aTb o t i CBoero h m c h h Bc e ro n o a y M a e rb . K a itb npH H n,nniaabH bifi y ra a n T a p n c T b , C T p H H jÓ e pn. y T B e p a tn a a i HTO BcaKoe no 3TiiaecK oe TBopaecTBo n o a iim o BonaoTHTbca B b n y d a ip H C T H K i, n e p e S ra b i a riiT a n ifO . T rltM b He M e H te o m . c a m , HecMOTpa n a n a c rb ie 3 a fe n b i B i oóaacTb ra s e T H a ro M ip a , h o c to h h h o cocpejOTOHHBaab b cIi c b o h cna bi n a HoaraaecKOM b n o - upnuyfe h b i n o c a ta H e fi c r a j i n CBoero pa3BHTia, a o ft,p j o noaoireeHia yM CTBennaro apHCTOKpara, BbraysK^eHb ó b ia b pa3CTai'bca c b c b o h m i ja B H a u m a M b yTaanTapH biM b yaeH ieM b.

I I .

Br i o ÓH n e c n p a B e p H B O ynpeicaTb T a K o ro B b ija io ią a ro c a u H C Kpenuaro n a - c a re a a , KaKHMb a ß a a e rc a C T p H H jô e p rb , 3a t o, hto o h i H

3

MrfeHaab cbo h m h^h íh Han 3a t o, hto e ro y S ía t^ e H ia n e ro j rM icT B Ía He B c e r^ a ra p M O H np oB aaii a p y r a cb u p y ro M b . Oh i a t n a i ó o a te ô y p n o , nyBCTBOBaab ó o a ie - cnabHO, n tM b Jtp yrie n n - caT ean . B b e ro y M t n p o n c x o a n a o ae npecraH H oe óponteH ie, e ro M03rb n a x o n n a c a nOCTOHHHO B b COCTOaHÍH K H n iH ia .

EcaH OHb B b p a 3aH iH H H BpeMeHa n p o n o B tflb iB a a b p a 3 a n iu b ia y ie m a , to bo BcaKOMb c a y a a i o h i B c e r ja 6 b ia b n p n b t o m i 6e3yca0BH0 necTeH b. EMy ca y n a a o c b k o MHoroMy n p a cn o co ó a a T b ca , a H H oraa h np e T e p n ^B a T b HacToam,ie n e p e B o p o rti B b

ABI’ .VCTb C TPH H^BEPrb. 1 3 3

1 3 4 ABryCXL CTPHH^BEPrT). ro^B nepejKHBaeMB catayroipee HBaeHie: micaTeab, npoB03raacnBinift to hjih hhog yneme, CTaBuiift Ha CTopoHli Toro łto ppyroro aapa, nOKaoHHßmiiicH TOMy hjih HH0.uy HanpaBaeHiro, BHe3aoHo nepexopHTB Ha coBepnieHHo npoTHBoaoaoiKHyio TOHKy 3pLain, bb npoTHBonojioîKHbiH aarepb. Ecan npHHHHR TaKoft nepeMÍHu He noanTHieciaro CBOHCTBa, TO OHÍ BB ÓOHblHIlHCTBt Caj'HaeBB XapaiiTepa HHCTO HHTHarO. H eCJIH kto BupaataeTB CBoe y^muenie hjih Heo,s,o6peHie TasoMy BHe3anHOMy H3MtHeHiio, o t b ít b ÔHBaeTB Bcerpa ojjhhb h to tb æe: ,,a p a 3 bh a c a, a m h1¡ KaæeTca, hto a HM'ino npaBO p as b h b a T i c.a“ .

0ÓUKHOB0HHO DpHM^Heme 3T0T0 TpOMKarO C.IOBa ,,pa3BHTÍe“ He 3aKJHOiaCTB bb c e ó i npenHaMipeHHOH anuí, oóycaoBaHBaeTca na TpeTH necTHOCThio, a Ha TpeTb ohb ne 3HaeTB. hto moikho B03pa3HTB npoTHBB ero M irfm ift, ^ohb poaateHB cKpoMHo pepæaTb h3ukb 3a 3)öaMii h MoanaTb. Hto Montera 6urb 3aocHacTHlie 3p$aHina HHcaTejia, KOTopuft coBepinaeTB KpyrocB^THoe nyTemecTBie no KOMuacy b b TeneHie TpexB-HerapexB jtètb, nepexopnTB otb chmoh ropaneS onno3HpÍH k b TporaieabiiOMy niemy,- otb 3oaa kb HareMaHHy, otb BOHHCTBeHHbixB BosraacoBB kb nlmiio ncaa-MOBB, hto6u onaTb BepiiyTbca iiaaapB, Ha nyHim> OTBfepa, oónacHiia Bee 3to necT-HOCTLK), HOCTOaHHO yBeaHHHBaSOipeiOCa 3pf),I0CTbI0, Meamy T ÍM B ItaKB 3T0 He ÔOJI'ïie, KaKB coBepineHHo ^h3^jihuihhh ^h c h h iiik o m b nocirfeuiiiaa orapoBem iocTb.

H nopoÖHufi KpyroBopoTB Ha3biBaeTca pa3BUTieMB, nopoóao tomj, KaKB Bee bb Hama phh oÖBHCHHeTCfl pa3BHTÍeMB. npu3iia¡ocb, aro caoBo MH I; c.MepTejibHO Hapo'fcao! a,pyroMB h npoTHBonocTaBaaacb jjpyrB jipyry, ohí oóuapyatHBaiOTB BHyipeHHiOK) oco^

öenHOCTb, KOTOpaa oóycaoBJiHBaeTB h x b cymecTBOBaHie h coejjiiHaeTB hxb boé bb

V¿ N i ou,ho. Bb npHMfeHemn kb npapo^i 9Ty ocoóeHHocTb ca-feayeTB pa3CMaTpHBaTb, KaKB nepexoiHua cTynoHH (fiopMB, khkb pajjB cocroaHift, KOTopua csmh bb ce6i

3aiiaio-;x/i , 1 • f U ff V < U / & j Ą ł ¿ c

A ^ än-vv; *-■

t*- -U>

itfb A A *) i , / a 4 o n /U >- !- \

- V j ¿C- )v9 _{/ ¡ a}_•* « - a , ^{'t'í' rtA}

?

ABryCTTi C FPHHIBEPrt. 135

BaiOTi ocHOBaHÍH Ä.iH nxb npeeMCTBeiiHOCTH, iixb orpaHuneHifl n npcapaiueHia. Bb npHM'íiHeHÍH K t HejioBfeKy 3TO noHHTie 3acTaBJiaeTi. Hacb paacMarpHBaTb ayBCTBa n

mhcjih, KaKT. ecTecTBCHHua u HeoóxofliiMUíi sB.neaifl, CBH3aHHbiH ÄpyrB cb jpyroMi>

Tani), KaKt cBB3aBLj Mcutay C0 6 0H) pa3.nHTBbia npeo6pa30Baaia, coBepiaaioiB;iacfl b i

pacTeaia

ma

^jkhbotuomt..

Ho Bb apaMtaeaia ab oóuKHOBeaaoMy, 6e3xapaKTepaoay óyauaaHOMy aaca- Tejiio cjOBO „pasBHTie“ BBOaarb aacb Bb aaôjyaw aie, Bb coMataia, apeaciais- jiaeTca aaMb BbiaypauMb. Kto Monten, aoB'fepiiTb, hto 6e3xapaKTepabia Maaeabida ao3Tb pa3BHBaeTca, tohbo syób H3b aco-iyaa, tobho MOTbuieitb m KyKOJiKH? Boc- npiaMaaBOCTb 6ojibuinHCTBa Kb BaimaaMb BayaieHiaMb cjianiKOMb BeaHKa, htoöu axb iiCTopito Moatao óhuo Ha3BaTb acropieio pasBHTia. Ecaa mm apiiBbeMb aMepaitaa- cKyro ao3y Kb ({>paHiiy3CK0H, to aoayaeHHoe 03b TaKOft jio3h aaao ae öyjerb yate naojoMb pasBirria <f>paHD,y3CKofi ao3bi. A pa3Jt0'iiiue coBpeMeaabio yMbi CKaHnnaaBia aonBepraioTca TaKHMb pa3aoo6pa3HMMb upaBaBnaMb, nepecaflKaxb, ht. a., tto oaa bobth

nepecra.™ 6sTb citauAHHaBCKBMH yxiaMH. Maorie h3t> anxi> b i Taitofi ate CTeaeaa noxo- jjfiTb aa pacTeaie, pa3BHBaieeca a3b nocfeßa, Bb Kaitoft noxoAHTb aa aero 3aaMe- HHTufi jiimeaóeprcKifi aoatb, KOTopufi iipojoaatajib cwaThcsi ojHHMb

a

r i m ate aosceMb, xoTH eaaaaaa Jieaßie, a 3artMb pyKOflTKa öbuia ao BicKOJibKO pasa o6ao- BJieau Bb Hesib.— Axb, 3to cjiobo „pa3BiiTie“ hjih óofffee yTOH'ieaiiua caaoaaMb ero: „ 3bo.tioitííi“ ! Bb npaMtaeain Kb HCTopia

a

lefloBiaecKofii atn3aa oHb npencra- BjiaeTb, noxoöao cTapoMy „ a ö c o J i i o T y “ Hlejuiaara, ry aoab, Bb itOTopyro Bcb KOTbl Cf.pbl.

111.

noytHBBiiicb a-ficKoabKO jiitTb Bb yacarfe h HCiipo6oBaBb cboh c iu ii bt> ita - aecTBÍ aKTepa (hb pa3y, Bapoaesib, ae B03BbicnBiuacb a a jb iioaonceaieMb CTaTHCTa), Cipaa^öeprb BHCTynujib BnepBue aa nosTiiaecKoe aonpHipe aeöojibaioio o,a,BoaKTHOio abecoro „ B b Ph m'6“ , jaBaBineiicH Bb 1870 r. Bb n;eab apa3jtaoBaaia cToairaaro roóaaea TopBajib^ceaa. rjiaBHMMH jpfeiicTByioinaMH .nri/Uni hbjmiotch PopBa.abuceHb, Becb\ia Ma.no noxo^aBaiift aa a aeran maro TopBaabÄceaa, ero apyrb He^epceab, Be- cejiuä jiaTBaHnab, KaKiiMb uiBe^bi apeflCTaBJUura ero ceó'fe, apeat^e a i m nosaaKO- MHjiacb Cb HHMb, KaKb cafmycTb, u ÄHaa-Mapia Maabaaa, ahúman 0 hb bucoko

aeTatomaa no^pyra 30aMC00Taro CKyjibnrapá, Korapan 3Ą'fecb H3o6paweaa oópaspoBoro aioöoBBBueio xyj,OHtH0sa, Kartoio oaa pncyeraa Bb poMaaaxb, h í.íkboio, ape^aHHOio

«o caMOOTBepateaia 0 t.

a-H^to c0abBrée Bcero ayBCTByeTca Bb abeol:, TaKb ara Bceraaaiaaa ayataa xy- aoJKBBKa Bb aeHi>rax't - Bb 5Ka3aa Topßaabaceaa aacTyaaeTb ptiaiiTeabaua itp03HCb.

Oab ortoaaaab cBoero ;,H3oaa“ , ao aimaKb ae MoateTb opoaaTb aßaero B3b CBoan»

apo03Beaeaifl, 3aaoaHtaab cBoeny xo3aaay, KorapoMy ae MoateTb 3anaaTinb, aoay- aa.ib otb oTpa iinccMO, bt> KoropoMb nocjiiaHiä aocraBJiaeTb eMy m'écto aepHopa- óoaaro aa Bepijai a TpeóyeTb, ttoóm OHb Bepiiyjicn aoMOñ, xoaeTb OTKaaaTLca

Ha-1 3 6 A B O 'C rt CTPHHJlBEPrŁ.

Bcerpa ora HCKyccTBa, yixaTb bt> totb 3Ke B e ie p i na popray a, hto6bi H364acaTt ropera pa3JiyKH, noKHHyTt MapiaHHy, He hpocthbuihcl ct, Hero.

Miii'Koe a KpoTKoe nampoeme CTpaHpóepra-iOHOHra oÓHapyjKHBaeica bt, 3tomt>

npoH3Be^ema. 0 xaparorept TopBarapceHa ohl, oaeBapHO, He h m í-tb HHKauoro no-

iihtíh, Taira KHKT. 3acTaBjraera ero npraaTb piuienie BcpHyraca \homoíi hoTKasaTbca ora cKyabnTyptj no nepBOMy 3Haity, h3t> opHoro lyBCTBa hIhkhocthira OTpy a hobii- HOBeHia ero aceaaaiaMi.. Hhtto bt, Mipí He 6i,iao paranie ora TopBarapceHa. Ecph

W dokumencie Sobranìe sočinenìj Georga Brandesa : s" portretom" avtora i vstupitel'noj stat'ej. T. 2 (Stron 128-155)