fl03B0JieH0 ueH3ypoio. Kie3"b. 2 7 -ro H o a ö p a 1S01 r-ona.
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I'Hnorpa(()ÍH M. M. 4>Hxa, E.-BacHJiŁKOBCKaji, JVs 10.
1902,
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(1878 r.)
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inaHCOB'b Ha npioóplneHie CRpoiieiícKoii m h iiceMipnoii caaiiu. 1ícan no.rniTCCiuiMT, coHHHeHiaiwB h yjaeTcn HHopa, bt, bhæIî HCKjuoieHis, npoÓHBaTbca Ha noBepxHOCTb,
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Ho npoH3Bea,eHÍH CKaHa,HHaBCKHXT> hobtobt, ne noaBMiOTCfl aa rpaHapeio bt, nepBHH- homt> CBoeMt bhjvé (itaiTL cTaTyn vtm Kapnum); ohh npeparawrcH nyóaHKi bt, nepeBoaaxb, t. e. aHmeHHbiMH CBoeü oóojiohkh; h ho oraoiueHiio kt, HepBHOt jkh3hh CTHJIH, KT, ero TOHKOCTH, np03paiH0CTH HaH rHÓKOCTH, BeMiaftlIlie B3T, CKaH^HHaB- CKHXT, nOBTOBT, ąOJHKHbl HO HeOÓXOAHMOCTH OTCTyHaTb UepeXT, CTOHIHHMH HecpaBHeHHO HHJKe HXT, 3arpaHHHHHMH H09TaMH, KOTOpue BCrynaiOTT, BT, COnepHUieCTBO CT, HHM0 na coócTBeHHOMT» «sbiKÍ. JlnHieHHbiH KOJKíi Aiiojuioht, Bbiraapn, xyace aaate Mapcia,
ho uoaBeprmarocH TaKoñ onepanju.
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oßbiBaieaHMB CKaHpHaBiH coBepmeHHO HenoHHTHoro naa cayiañuoio; TaKT>, Hanp., bt, HaHÍH haxopan floaroe BpeMfl BecbMa cTpaHHUMT,, tto OHa aocTaaacb Ha pato T. C. AanepceHa, a bt, to ate BpeMfl HHKarb He momh nmcopa Bnojrat hphmh- pHTbCH CT, BHHMaHieMT,, oua3aHHbiMT, bt, Eßpont HHcaTeJiio, HMfl KOToparo CTOHTT, bt, 3aro;iom;t, nacTOíiinefi cthtbh. Ho MipoBas cjiaBa 11111:0171,11 He 61,1 bíictt, cjiyaaiiiiocTbio, Aaate Topa, nopa KaateTCfl ocHOBaHHOto Ha KanpH3rIi (jropTyHbi, KOTOpaa cbohmt, ko-
6 HCAHH TErHEPi).
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Ohb He Be.'iH'iaüuuii H3B ho9tobb, nHcaBUiHXB na niBeACKOMB jmufd;; ao h ero h nocai; Hero 6u.ru noara, npeBOCxoAHBinie no 3KH3HeHHOCTH h npaBAHBOcra coayiiH- hïixb hmh oôpasoBB TeraepoBcicie. Ho Bce ace ero hmh nayo ynoMHHaTb h ciaBHTb Ha p;iyy et HMeHaMH Eea-maHa h Pyneôepra; .h xoth ohb ycTynaern> hmb no no- 3THnecK0My ïa.raHTy, ho ho yMy ctohtb b Mine hxb. Tpa pa3a bb Te,nenie cisoeft HCTopin iiiBe^CKOMy napo;iy y^aaoeb cüHTb bb cBoefi no93m oaecuHecidn ajieMeHTB cb napoAHUMB. BaepBbie 3to cjiyiHJiocB Torja, Korji,a BejiJiMaHB iipn ryciaBt. HI BMXBaTHJIB CBOH THHbl H3B HapOAHOH 3KH3HH CBOerO BpeMeHH H H3B yjIH’IHOH 3KH3HH CTOKroabMa h HMnpoBH3HpoBaaB h pacntBajn, cboh „h'échh '[»peyMana“ cb mhmh- ♦ neCKHMB MaCTepCTBOMB, COUpOBOHiAHH HXB aKKOMHaHHMeHTOMB HaCTOHipeft HHTpbI.
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SaM^naTeabHo h noyiHTejiLHO, hto bcî Tpn uiBeACKHXB hosth a m BupamernH Bcero, hto Tamiocb bb rayÔHHt hxb Aymn, He H0Jib30BaAHCb hh (|)opMoro ApaMU, hh (fiopMOK) 9Hoca. Bct TpH, HecMoips Ha cymecTByiomia MesftAy hhmh pa3mHia, CTaataaH H3BtcTH0CTb h ycntxB bb oahomb h tomb æe BHA't HCKyccTBa, bb .inpmd;, BB HHKJlt ItOpOTKHXB CTHXOTBOpeHÎË, 9HHieCKHXB DO COAepatamH). HepBblH C0HHHH.1B myroaHbie Am(nipaM6bi, BTopofi CTapo-CKaHAHHaBCKia BOHHCTBeHHbia rriicmi, Tpeiift coBpeMeHHue BoeHHbie aneKAOTw; ho b c î ohh coeAHHœiH bb H3BicTHbia rpynnu BHAaromiaca npoH3BeAema CBoero nosTHaecKaro reHia, hhmchbo 9th TpH n,HKAa irt- CeHB AOCTaBHAH fflBeACKOS 11093)H KOCMOIIO.'JHTHHeCKOe 3HaHeHÎe.
MeatAY hhmh „ C K a 3 a H i e o i p H T i o ^ i “ 3aHHMaeTB nepBoe mîcto, hiimh Ternepa ynoMHHaeTca hoctohhho tojibko KaKB aBTopa ero; 9to npon3BeAeHie ca’6- Aaaocb HapioHaabHoro ho9moio uiBeACitaro HapoAa h nepeBOA« ero Ha b c î eBponep- CKie H3bIKH— MeatAy npOHHMB 18 pa3aHHHblXB nepeBOAOBB Ha Hf.MeUKOMB H CTOAbliO ace Ha aHraiflcKOMB— pacnpocTpaHHan ero caaBy no BceMy Mipy. IHBepia He 0Ka3aaacb
HCAHfl TErHEPE. 7
HeÓJiaroaapHoto ra aeaoBfecy, KOiopoMy ctohbko oéaaaHa. Be Ulaenia ctojii.ko ro -
bophjih B unca.'iii o TerHept, Tara apeapacHO h ropaao B o c a ta a a ero, rao hcbo.v mohcho iipcBaofiTH ra 3T0ME OTHOineHÍH ea oób.Baxeaea. Kaacxoe aaaecxBO, KOTopoe Morao B036yAMTb cHMnaTiio ke HeMy, Kara ra aeaoBfey, Kaacsaa aepra, icoTopaa Moraa yBeaamiTb BoexameHie hme, KaKE bootome, ce atoóoBbio h nci;yccTBOME bh
aBHraaHCb snepeaE. II[nenia co3«aaa npocBtaeHHtift oópa?E Teraepa CBepraecie- crBeHHoñ nejinanm»i h BOSBeaa ero Ha bucokíh abexecxaaE, kotoPuh, apa Canacaa- uieME pa3CM0TPl!HÍH, OKasbiBaexca cocxaBjeHiimn, hse a ,ta a raaóbi MaccHBHUXE xBaaeÓHMXE p ta H , toÓHaeflHUXE Pt a f t , 6iorpa«|»ift, a te a E , BOcntaioamxE ero na- MHTb, H y noaHoatba CTaTj'H aeran HenpecianHO ijmMiaME to b e oshoh KaxaabHiur, TO BE apyroñ. Hto ate apa TaKHXE oócxoaTeabCTBaxE ocxaexca c u ta ra KpraHKy.
MoaeeTE 6utl, HHiero xpyroro, KaKE ToabKO cmuxl HeMHoro «eime ijaiMiaMa ce ape- K-pacnaro aaUa, raoóu eepra. ero Moran 6oaf,e hcbbo h be óoa*e aeaoBtacKOME
bbxí; BBiwynHTb aapyacy. Han, Óbrra MoacexE, xmaxeabao cpaBaara cxaxyro ce opn- raHaaoME h coÓciBeHHOK) pyKOio Haópocura nepoME bckhbe, yciparaa Bce HerfpHoe
h apoxaBoptamee xiincTBHTeabHOCTH be caMoií cxaxyf,. Bo BcaKOME cayaat a co Bceio CHMnaTieio CKHHXHHaBa ra Teraepy, ce BpoacxeaabiME HapioHaabHMME Óesnpn- crpaciieME He-rnsexa h ce aecTHHME HaMÍpeaieME apararía HaMipeeaiccb aapa- coBaTb oópa3E noaia npn apKOME coaHeiHOME c b ít í hcthhh.
I.
Hcaña TeraepE npoHcxoxuxE, Kara ce otpobckoh, Tara h ce MaTepracKOH ciopoHbi, OTE uiBexcKHXE KpecTbaHE, 33r HeMHoro aoKoaimia xo Hero IiepeCTaBülHXE ÓUTb HMH. Kara h y MHoraxE xpyraiE Bbixaiomaxca xaaaaxaaBUXE í'tae a en U a a - iHHaBÍH ero aenocpexcTBeaHHMH apexaaMa óbiaa aacxopb,. OóuKHOBeHHO xaaoe npe- Bpamenie pona npoacxoxaxE catayioimiME oópasoME. fl.'bfffc coÓCTBeimuMH PJB&hk naxaaE aeMaio. Cuhe BHKasaaE acaacxy ra yaeHiio h óaaroxapa aeepTBaME, npimo- chmhme poaaxeaaMH, b noMOupi xoóPhxe aroaeii noayaaexE bosmohchoctb y-irabca, raoOu cx'feaaxi-ca nacxopoME, noxoMy rao aacxopE be xeaeHie p t a r o paxa exoat- tíh 6biaE m Kpecraara npexcxaBaxeaeME yaeaaro cocaoBÍa. Be aan* 3xoro cama CBabHaa, HeKyabTHBHpoBaHHaa KpecxbancKaa aaxypa noxBepraexca BnepBbie oOpa- 6otkí n e p e a ta í. UacTopE yate He narneTE 3eMJiio, xoxa, óhtb Moatera, pyitOBO- thte ea oÓpaóoxicoK); nacxopE yace mhcmxe, xoxa, óbixb MoacexE, ae x'haaexE eme OKOH'iaxeabHuxE beiboxobe hse cbohxe Miicaefi. Be aimt, cama aaa BayKa nepe xaaaeMbia hse poxa be Poxe ecxecxeenabia cnocoóaocTH aoayaaioxE yace aacioabKO yTOBaeHHbüi bbxe, rao peayabxaxoME hxe aBaaexca Hayaabifl, xexaaaecKia aaa noaxaaecKiñ TaaaHXE. To ace cayaaaocb a sx'fecb. Oxeira Ternepa ÓbiaE cBameaaH- kome, ero Mara-xoaepbK» caameaBaica, a 06a ayxoBHbia aapa, ote icoTopura ohe npoacxoxaaE, 6b.aa c.aoabaMH Kpecraara, oaara caira CMoaaaacKaro, xpyroa « m . BepMeaaaactcaro Kpecxbaaaaa. ApacTOKpaxaaao aayaamaa ({.aMaa.a oÓpasoBaaacb 6aa-
8 HCAHfl TETHEPB.
roflapa TOMy, n o OTen,B Picana JlyKaccoHB H3B Hedoabuioñ CMoaaHACKon aepeßeHbKH lei'Haóro, 14 a ír a otb poAj, duaB BiwcaHB bb ra iiry aaTiiHCKon imtonu, KaKB Mcana TeiHepycB. Ohb cjrfcaaaca CTyaeiiTOMB, aomhuihhmb yiirreaeMB b i, abophhckoh
ceMb'i, npuxoÆCKBMT, 6Bam,eHHHK0MT) h coaciaaca caacrjiHBi.iMi, dpaKOMB cb xopo- meHbKOH) floaepbio CBoero npodcia. JKena npodcTa duna yivma, OT.iH'iaaacb jkhbmmb, BocnpiHMaHBbiM'b xapainepoMB, n H3BrfecTaa duna t ím b, hto He Mora a cnepHtHBaTb
cbohxb BHeaaTa'Éuiíi, a CToab ate y^anio Bupaatana h it, KaKB bb CTiixaxB, thkb u
bt. npo3i>. Otb Hea, HOBi-i^HMOMy, yHacniaoBanB ea BiiyKB no aoncpii bth cnocod-
hocth.. O'repB no3Ta onHCUBaerca, khkb „npeBocxoAHufi npoHOirfcAHMKB, xopomifl aeMaenamen'b, Becenuíi, odinuTcabHUii seaoB-feKB“ ; khkb KpacHoptnie, thkb ii cdo- coÔHOCTb 0'iapoBbiBaTb C06010 oitpyacaioineo ero odmecTBO yHacHlmoBaHo duno otb
Hero bb yßeaHHOHHOM'b bha4 cuhomb.
Bb nacTopaTl! oöpaaoßaaocb bckop'è MHoroancaeHHoe ceMcncTBO b3b cuHOBen
h floaepeft, a 13 Hoaôpa 1782 r. pojuaca b i. Kiopitepyjl mmiii cuín,, crom, 3Ha- MCHHTufi BHOcatÄCTBin llcafüi. IÎMy ôuao Bcero 9 af.TB, itora,a iianm jomomb pa3pa- 3aaca yxapB— cMepib orpa. Ohb He ocxaBHaa, no cedi HHitaitoro coctoshíh, hbaobh, KOTopoH Mucan 0 ea mecTH deapliTHuxB cnpoTaiB h 0 hxb dypyipeMB pocTaBnana MHoro 3a6oTB, cb pa^ocTbio npunaaa npe^aoaceHie oaboto Bąparo cod/maro npa- BHTeabCTBeiiHaro iMHOBHHKa B3HTb kb cedi Maab'iHita bb KaaecTBÍ inicua. Pede- HOKB navi naca bb KOHTopli ifiorna nncbMy h apnoMeTHd, yceppHO 3aBiiMaacb hmh, h, n o duao eme BaatHie, bo BpcMa hoctohhhuxb notsaoKB (jiorpa, KoaectiBuiaro no BceMy npeitpacHOMy BepMeaaH^y, MaabHHKB, conpoBoatnaBmifl Bcerpa CBoero aa- HaabHHita, nonyiim bo3moikhoctb H3ymTb aaiBoriHCHyio npepopy poahhu 11 ea Kpa- coTbi bb tomb »BOMB Bospacrfc, Kor.ua Bet BuenaT-dma ocTaBaaioTB ocodeHHo ray- doitie caißLi. HecMOTpa Ha CBoe iKHBoe omíneme kb padorl, necMOTpa na CBoe npHaeataHie, ohb odaapyatHBaaB cnabHyio 3adbiB<iHB0CTb h pa3daHHOCTb, yraydaaaca
bb CB010 KHHry, nan, npofeasaa no yej¡HHeHHHMB AoporaMB, npe^anaaca CMyrauMB MenaMB, hhh noBiopaaB npo' ceda Moiioaom. Ohb 'iinaaB noaTH'iecKÍa Kanra, doabine Bcero CKa3aH¡a, HaiueaB codpanie bxb bb „Kämpadater“ BaepHepa: cary BojibcyHroBB, h3b KOTopofi ohb noaepiiHyaB Bnocarisa,CTBin xeMy ą m „ A t i e “, Hanii- caHHyro hmb bb aneKcaHApinicKiixB cthxhxb, jhoóhmoh cTiixoTBopaofl tjiopM'fe Toro BpeMeHii, h Æpyryio cary, „ 0 p u t i 0(|) Jfe C m 1 a 0m b“ , Kompaa 25 h4tb no- KOHaacb bb rnyómrfc ero <fiaHTa3ÍH, npeatfle yïimb nycTiiaa pocTKH.
9th j¡,Ba BncaaTaÍBia, niBe^CKOfi npapo^u h CTapo-CKaHAHHaBCKHXB mhiJiobb h CKa3aHÍfi, He BaiajiH Ha Hero paa^abHO, a kbkb du canBaancb bb oäho bb ero
»höh m y lili K o rja ohb Ha sa^HeMB cii^ híii 3Kiniaaca B[)aimmra npofeacanB iieiKAy 04f,TUMH alcOMB rOpäMH, HO ÄJIHHHblMB ymeabHMB flOaHHbl, Ba;Oab doabfflHXB BOA"
HuxB HOTOKOBB, CTpyHBuiHxca hobckuj, eMy Kasaaocb, KaKB dy^TO iipHpo^a (jiama- 3iipyeTB bb neperoHKH cb hhmb. Kor^a ohb odpaipaab roaoßy HanpaBo Hau Ha- aiBO, eMy r<a3anocb, dy^TO HeBHAHMaa pyita nepcABHraeTB nepe^B hhmb Boainediiua KapTIlHbl. To A'fcCB IIOJIBaJieTCH CB OÄHOft CTOpOHbl, a 03ep0 CB Apyrofi; TO aiCB
HCAHH TErHEPE. 9
noKptiBaeTi. poBHoe npocipaHCTBo, npocrapaiomeeca nepenE hhme; to no o61ihme CTOponaMi. TBHyTCfl noaa; bote nOKa3a.inct CBtabia, npo3paHHbia 03epa, bote apy- Tua cnaatj, BJiaatHbia ote noacjia, a bote nopocmia eaHMii ropu. KpacnBua Oepesu, npeaecmia, nojmbia mshshh, onaTb noaiuaiOTca be npesuHefi CMnpeHHon, noKopHon U031;, khice Obi rae-iaa aaneiaT.'i+.Tb be ero nyiirf. cboii oOpairi,, noita. ohe npofe- acaoTE miimo nxE. rpoMaaHua KaMenubw r.raObi, o noTopua pa36mmeTca cTpyamaaca pliKa., BbiCTOb.ihiote Bnepe.pi. cnoe yriopcrno, tohho ui,hte, nponiBE Hey,nep;KHMOH BOflHoii mhccu, KOTopax, B03MymeHHaa nxe iipeneOpenceHi’eME, yciunmaeTE cboio ro- paiHOCTb h OypjiHTE, OTpaataacb o no^Hoatia ropE, htooh pa3c1>aTbca be 0pbi3m iifaiameiicH bohei. 3a 3thme cahnyioTE rpynubi 03epE, 3aoioiieHHHXE Meatfly ninpo- KtiMii, MpaaHbiMH ropaMH, cyponun n fluid it, no aacKaronuft B3opu jiaHfliiiaijtTE, orin- c.iHHbifi TafiepoME be cniflyiomiixE caoBaxE: „Illxepbi, KimyTbia cpefla iopE“ ; po- MaHTHaecKifl aaHfliiiaifiTE be flOJirie aimne ahh, itorna BeaepHaa n yipeimaa 3apa cjiHiiarorca be ofluo ii to ate po30Boe ciaHie, Hintorfla ue ncae3aromee ce ropiisoHTa, n jipeBHe-citaH^HHaBCKift .'iaHfliiiaiJiTE be 3HMHioio nopy, rcorna catrE HarpoMoatflaeTE Bucoicie cyrpoObi, Korna pyaeflitn AJimiHbiMii cocyjihitaMH CBf,innBaiOTca ce 3aMep3- uihxe CKajiE, h itorfla Maabauity, upii ayHHOME cimiin, nrpaBuieME ua CH'fery, itaaa- aocb, Oy.pTO ohe bhahte caiviyio ainay BonnoipeHiioio be o0p;i3ri. rpoMa.maro CTapmta CO CH'hatllHIIIlMlI, lipHMep3UIIJMH KE Oopofl'fc, H CE B'llHKOME H3E PJOBhlXE B'ETBefl BO- ItpjTE BOJOCb.
„lilBejch-aa no.i3ia“, ronopuTE be oahome Mf.crf; TeraepE, „6bi.ua h ociaeTca no33ie» upnpo.ybi be HawoameME cMbicjrfc 3Toro caoim, noTOMy no ona aaoronaeTCii be Hauien Hyfliioii npiipoflt, be HauiHXE osepKxE, ropaxE n noTOKaxE“; a BCKop-fe noc.'i'fe Toro, khke iime HanncaHE 6uaE „ $ p iit i o ij) e“ , iio3te, mejiaa flaTb c(t6ii OTHOTB BE rrp0HCX0HvJ,6HIII II03ME1, CHME HpilBOflHTE, ItpOM'il CBOerO paHHHI'O 3HaKOM- ctbh ce j,peBue-CKaHniiHaBCKiiMii caraxm, n to oOcToaieabCTBo, hto ohe pofliuca n iiociiiiTajica be OTnaaeimofl ropHOii m^cthoctii, „ml; npupofla cawa tbophte hobth- necitie o0pa3bi be rpaHflio3HbixE, ho cypoBbixE ijiopMaxE, h rj/fe crapbie Ooni eme HvIIBEI II OpOflHTE BE CBT.T.Ibli! 3HMHia HOHIl“. „Cpeflll THKOH OOCTHHOBKH, npOHOaiKaeTE ohe, liejTiHBiiTejibHo Obiao, ec.au a, Bceipkio HpenocraBjiciiubiii caniojiy ceOi, no- HyBCTBOBaaE ko BceMy HeciepataHHOMy, EoaoccaawiOMy juoOonb, KOTopaa h a;o chxe nopE eipe ho yrac.ua bo mh1i“.
H He To.TbKO cojepjKaHie, ho h ocuoimyio (JjopMy CBoefi no33in TerHepE cia- pajica be 3p1;;iOME Bospacrt i Oehchhte BueHarnliHiHMH, npoH3BeaeHiibiMii Ha Hero CBoeo6pa3Hom npaponoio lUfieniii. Ohe nopamaeTca npncTpacTieME ke ji up nidi y [UBCucKaro napoaa, ero cTpeMaern'eME be HtcKoabKiixE cTpoanaxE npoiiHKHyTb be cajioe cepupe no.iTii'iecrtaro Mipa n npo6yeT>, o6ehchhte npanany btoh xapaicrepH- CTHiecivofi Hep™: „PasB-b tma ue jicikhte be 3HanHTejibHon CTeneHH be caMoit iipupo^ij, ORpyHcaiomen HacE? Pa3Bl> ropHa« M'kTiiocTb ce ea ^ojniHaMH ii iioTOKa.Mii ue oaHHCTBopHCTE be ce6'i; .iiipnity npnpo^bi, iioao6ho TOMy, itaKE 6o.Tlie Marita a CTpaiia naocrtoropill CBOIIMH cnOKOIIHbIMlI, pOBHbIMII IipOCTpaHCTBIIMH oanpeTBopaoTE
1 0 H C łfifl TErHF.P1>.
"en shoca? Maori« h3a HaimxA atcaun, MtcTHOCTea npejmB.AHon, w c m t m W - ÿHpuiÔH n p a p n jt, a l e c t i n , oxotho npoHBjaetA caoe tboPhcctbo bt> toma * e TOHfe HTO H oKpyjKaiomafl ero npiipoaa“. EmY Kainem JOCtohhuma bhhm.i...h, n o aperó»« repoficaan samb na ctBept CsaHjnnaBi« ptJKO Bupa*a«acb ba apyrni, noBTHiecKHXi. (ftopMaxA, a acerja ba BonacTi.CHHb.XA ntCHHXA, « ™;ilko hoja khkhuma ueöOMT, BbiCTynaaa ba Öo.ite cdokoUb h x i n Coate anniecraxi. oópaaan., nUTa«cb cM'bao wtaaib OKOHiaTeabHb.fi buboja h3a cbohxa Mbicaefi, oha bockah- nacTi,: PasBt lepeaA bcio UBejcicyio ncTopiro hc apoxojHTA jmpmecKaii ncpra.
PasBt a”aiiôonte Bbijaiomieca npejCTaBHTena Hainan. uanioaa.ibabixA ocoCcnHoctefi, KäK'b B'b floate ApeBHiH, Tain, h ba hobMihíh BpeMeHa, He HBjmaiicb cKopte m* UHHeCKHHH, i t Mb 30H40CKHMH XapaKiepaMH?“ TOBOPII 3T0, OHb. OieBHJHO. « ’Maab 0 B eaim iiiuiixb aopo.iaxA h Beinia#ra«XA HMBOBOwaxi OlBepiB, He ynychaa H3b BHAy h caMoro ceôa.
BtpHO oj.uo, no a pu poja, KOTopyK) OHb naö.iiojajib BOKpypb ceÓH, bi, ropaajo óoabmefl creneHH ,ipBBaeKaaa ero, kbka nosra, CBoe.o «jmniacTHiecKOio, -riu.i woe»
YTHairrapaoio eiopoHOH). a BapoiHO ynorpeóaaio npn stoma caoßa „ « m nowa , no- TOMy -1T0, Kam, leaoBtin., oha oÓHapyiKHBaiiA Bccrja m bMiuih naiepecA ka iicroi- BBKaMb naTiiiiifl CBoero napoja, m, ero oKOHOM.iiecKi.Mb iiHTepccam. Ho oha hh- norja i.e iraoópasajn. stota napojA ba ero paóort aajA apnpojoio, khkachP«mk MaiepianoMb. Ba ero conmeaiaxA ae Bcrptiacrcj. hh ojaoft cpeau, KOTopaHjaB.ua Óbi HHMA npejcrawcHie o rpaajiosaofi « mhoiI paóort, uomoihbio «oropel hiboj- CKoe seatao buhochtcb aa cbI.ta Bunda; oha ai.Korja ae pacoBanb hhma ojpasi, cypoaaro pyjoicona, am canbaaro Kyanepa, HiiKOrja ae Kiotipasam. j m a r o c a , pacKajieHHaro ropaa hjih Kyaaapb. ba catry; 3th Bneiawtaia jtacTBHTesbHoa ÎKH3HH OTpaacaJiHCb OTA ero poMäHTHiecKOft (T. e. OTBJieKaiomeii, chmbomicckoh) rfiaaraäia. Oha ne npeACraMfljn. ceót UlBepiii ba s a jt oöinnpnon MaciepcKOii CBoero Hapoia. .Cßefl“ pacoBajiacb eMy ba oCpast caasoinoa $en, a meatso npejcTa- BiHiocb exy He ctojiako ecTecTBeiiHUMA Cohitctboma ero pojaabi, ceojiakoihhpokhma non coma BOKpyrA craaa „Cßen“ a MBieMA ba en pyict, ataorja ca «o jo m m m o» chjoio iiopaataBiniiMA BparoBA. Ba ojhoma h3a csmuxa 3HaMCHii™.\A cthx P ero IOHOCT0, BupaataBiaeMA ropę uo noBOjy no-repn $hhmhjih, oha aocoima .
JTpyroi. CHHMaeTA samy acaTBj, jpyroft KoaaeTA aarne Htentao, KOTopoe apa- c a t e T A ota ropa, no ero Kyiota j m jpyraxA“, - CHMBOJHiecKoe oÖAHcaeme KpacHtaia acejitaa, npaÓJiaiKaiomeeca ka CesBityciio. Ba -stoma oiptineam oíaa h- CTBHTejibHOCTH TerHepb cxojHTCH ca ociajibHbiMH nosTaMH UlBepiH poMaHTHiecKaro uepioja. „ PyjOKoaA onHcaaHb.fi TeftepoMA ba ojhoma ciaxoiBopeaiH, b3hta hma ae y AaaaeMopa, a y HoBa.nica; sto ae paóoiifi, a <tmjroco<|.A hieoau fflen- jiaara, KOTopuft „xoierb ycabiinai-b, koka hj-jibca MaTepn-aeiuH CyjeTA Óhtach ba atjpaxA ropb“; „oxothhka“ y CTaraejiiyca HeceTA Ha ajieit ae pyme, a Jiyia, H BHJHTA jpiajA BA jepeBbflXA, a aafiHJA BA HOTOKaXA; „MOpflKA“ , KaKA OHHCajA ero BaMHHA ba ojhoma cTHXOTBopeHia, oÔm b m c t i ce6a ycTaBuiHMA—cjihuikoma
HCAfifl TErHEPb. 11
MHoro dyueTOBb po3b npHDUOct eMy cBH3aTb (mji Xaopu?) Ha cynii; ohb xoaeTb noixarb Ha Mope, noa,aabHie otb Asiypa, „»Toro KanpiftcKaro MOTŁiabiia“ , htoóh
jpimaib MeH-fee roaoBOKpysKHTeabHHMb B03ayxoMb. Oj,hhmb chobomb, ecan He cwraTb i*paHn,eHa, <j>HHAHHapa no npoHcxost^eHiro, BiienauilniH npapojibi . ^tflcTBOBajiH na Tor^aniHuxT) uiBe^CKHxi. HHcaTeaeii ToabKO bb oahomb HaupaBaeuin: (paHTacrHiecKOMb, iHtjm Terflepa ohh canBaancb cb BOcnoMHHaaiHMH o upeBHeMb BpeMenn CKaHflHBaB- CKaro aooca.
Ii.
Bcicopi odHapymaaocb, aro y MaabHHKa, padoraBinaro bt> KOHTopi ^orja, óo- raTHfl chocoóhocth, KOTopua aacTaBaaan meaaTb p a nero Gonie BbicoKaro o6pa3o- BaHia, TfeMb to, KaKoe ohb Morb noJiywb Bb KaaecTBi nncpa (ftorna. OóHapyatmocb 3to jioBOJibHO CTpaHHHMb oópaBOMb: bb pa3roBopi bo BpeMa oóuhhoh BeaepHeii not3AKH, Ha pa3cya?AeHia CBoero Haóoawaro xo3HHHa no noBOiy Toro, Kaicb BeeMO- rymecTBO Bomie apno BhicTynaeTb Biiepenb npn co3epn,aHiu a ¿Tiaro 3B'b3jHaro He6a, Mojioaoii 9cce, khkb ero Ha3HBam, OTBiranb HBAomenicMb 3aK0H0Bb npapoau, py- KOBO^ani.HX'b a,Bna;enieMT. He6ecHHXb cBiTBnb; ohb ,no TaEOfl CTeneim nopa3Hnb
cbohmh cnoBaMH aoóparo CTapnita, hto HaBenb nocninaaro na mucal aan. MOJiojtOMy Hcaiif) B03MomHOCTb noayaHTb 6ojn.uiee oópa30Banie. MaJiirimcb Hame.n. iisnomeHHbia
hmb oóbacHema Bb „<1» u a o c o (j) i u p s h e B’b m e ctb e u h u x b “ BacTroabMa, HHCTHHKTb, He pa3b oGHapyrniiBaBuiifica y Tempa h Bb caul; eiiucKona, 3acraBMb ero oo'bHMH pytcaMH dBararbCH 3a noHaraoe oGbacHeaie h ociaBHTb Bb cTopoHi TeonoraaecKoe, KaKb tojibko nocniAaee uorcasaaocb eMy H3AHiHUHMb.
Ilojb pyKOBO,n,CTBOMb CBoero CTapraaro ópaia OHb 3aHanca H3yicHieMb naraR- CKaro, rpeaecKaro h (J»paHH,y3CKaro h3hkobb, h Ha CTonbito BuyaHnca caMb aHraiii- CKOMy, 4T0 Morb B3flTbca 3a neme OcciaHa, cTOHBinaro Bb to BpeMa Ha Bbicort CBoeft ćaaBbi. I Ioaoóho TOMy, icaKb atepeCeHoitb cni^yeTb 3a aoinajbio, h OHb cni- HOBaab 3a ópaTOMb Ha pa3aaaHua yTmejibCKia Miera, h Bb onHoft H3b nocainHHXb ceMeft, Bb KO'ropoH 6paTb cnymanb ^oMaumniib yweneMb, Mcaiia, GyayiH 14-niT- HHMb MaabHHKOMb, Harneab Bb jrapt Mnaainei noaepH ^OMa Mono^ym j^Byimcy, ko- Topaa naTb aiTb cnycia cninanacn ero HeBicTOio, a eipe aepe3b aeTupe ro.ua ero ateHoio (1806 r.). IIoa,odHO MHorHMb apyrHMt pasBHTbiMb ^ tamb, ohb H36'Łraab myMHbixb Hrpb TOBapHin,efi, CHflli.ib fio.ibmyio aacrb CBoero BpeMeHH y ce6a Bb KOMHarfe, yrayóaeHHtii Bb CBoero. ToMepa, a .nHiiib cb TpyaoMb oipuBaaca otb 3a- Haiifi, 3to6h yiacTBOBaib Bb KaTaHiaxb Ha caaaxb h Ha KOHbKaxb, Bb KOTopoMb OHb BUKa3HiBaab, BnponeMb, He Maaoe HCHyccTBO. Ohb cb TaKOio me yBrfepeHHOCTbto dpocaab mapb npH nrpt Bb Keraa, Cb kskoio bo Bpewa pa3roBopa uopamaab cbo- ero coOecliAHHKa ocTpoyMHUMH h mIitkiimh oTirfrraMH. Bb 1799 r. OHb uocTyrinab Bb nyHjcKit yHHBepcHTeib, 3aaaaca upeBHHMH a3HKaMH, <{)HJioco(J>ieio h acTeTH- kok), h Bb 1802 r., coraacHO ciapHHHOMy M'fecTHOMy odtraaio, 6aab yB^Hnanb aaBpaMH npn npoB03raaineHm ero MarHCTpoMb (jiHaoco^ia. Cb 1802— 10 r. ohb
1 2 HCA.fi Jl TEIHEPT.
iipoHiPut bt JlyBjpfe bt Ka'iecTB'1! jioii,eHTa, a ct 1810 no 1825 r. raTan. npn Aojibuiomt CTeneHin nyó.THKH jrcKpiH no rpenecKoii jiarepaTypi. Bt 1812 r. oht 6bijit na3Hanem. nporjreccopoin, u o^noBpeMeHHO ct bthmt, no raBe^cKOMy oÓBiiaio, IiaCTOpOMB H%CKOJIBKHXT ÓJin3KHXT bt, Jlyany npHXOAOBT>. Bb 1825 r. OHT,, naiiO- Hen,T, noKHByjn, btott HeóojiBuioft yHHBepcHTeTCKin ropojpB, hto6bi bt, cant enn- CKona oTnpaBHTBcn bt, yejinHenie Beiicio.
IlocMOTpHMT, na MO,!ro;ioro jiyriiCKaro MarncTpa. HapyrKirocn, y Hero npnB.ne- naTejiBHaa: rojiyóorjiaabiii, KpacHomerria, ct ótaoKypBiMH bbk)ui,hmhch BoaocaMn, .chjtbho caoHceHHBiH, ct, riaiuOHHOCTbio kt nojiHOTf,. By^yna sojioctskomt, Ternepa,
bojit jkh3hb 3aMKHyTaro bt, ce(>1;, HecooómHTejibHaro MeiTaTean hjih (Jrnjiocorjra, no KHKT TOJIBKO OHT, 3aJKH.1T, CB0IIMT .JOMOMT, BCJIKafl 3aMKHJT0CTb COUIJia CB HfrO H
oht BBJKa3ajn> ceóa rtM T, Karmin, óbijtb bt ray6anrfe CBoea jyn ia : jKH3Hepa,a;ocTHbiMT, BOCnpiHMHHBBIMT, H BT, BBICUiefl CTeneHH 06m,HTejIbRbIMT. BeaOBiKT, KpiniiO CHMUjin na 3eii.i'i, yryrtiomjn ipfeHHTb xopomin ctojit n ÓJraropo^Hoe bhho; óojibiuofi noKjr.m-
bhkt jKeHCKon KpacoTBi; He coJKararoinin Bce Ha nyra, ho ncripaininca yim, ct, ot- TfeHKOMT, Becejraro ocTpoyMia; oónrecTBeHHBin .¡pfcaTejib, Mano 3aóoTiini,mcH o HanycitHoft BajKHOCTH, ho yirSromin ropflo OTCTaHBaiB ripeB0CX0i;cTB0 CBoeft jihtuocth,—bott i;a- KOBa Ouaa BHliuiHHfl CTopoHa, KOTopyto oht, noKa3bi8ajiT Mipy. 3a a-roro cropoHoto cKpBiBaaHCB óojrfce rjiy ó o m cnocoÓHOCTM noaranecKaro h opaTopcharo cbohctbh: cnoeoópa3Hoe jrapanecKoe B^oxHOBeRie h CBoeo6pa3HbiH cjion,.
HI.
JIupnnecKoe B^oxHOBenie oÓHapyatimaeTca paao y Ternepa bt, bh^ Ij BpoJK^eH- Haro CTpeiuieHijr BooaymeBJiHTbCfl bcItmt, hto chjibho BBi^luseTCJi n a ctpoiiT h npo- 3aH1H0M B (jlOHt ÓyJIHHTHOH JKH3HH, BCHKHMT JIHHHMMT UOitBHrOMT, BCflKOH) CJiaBOH, KaKB 6u oaa na npio6p1muiacb; (wiecKT en npnBjieKaeTT ero h oht yBJieKaeTCH xa)Ke ea MnuiypabiMT OTpajKeHieiiT. RiryfioKoe yBHJKeHie kt BejiHKHMT niieHaMT HCTopia, piuiHTe.iBHoe HejKejiame npajiaraTb yMajmiomyio KpHTHKy pa3yna kt pa3T Ha Bce- r^a upioópiTeHHOH cjraBl; cocTaBjraion, o#Hy H3T canbixT rjryóoKHXT u Hen3MliHHBixT sepTT ero xapaKTepa. IlireHHO sra ochobhhh HaooHHocTB 3acTaBjureTT ero TBopim, OHa coóctbghho fltjiaeTT ero iiobtomt. Ho ttoCbi .lyTuie uohjttb ero, mbi .nojnimu HCKHTb HCTOTHIIKOBT BJ0XH0BeBijI BT HeMT CHM0MT, ^OJDKHU HOCMOTptTb, KHKHXT nj,eajiOBT oht HiaerB, KaKie oht HaxoAHTT nau co3^aeTT, b t icaKniT bhyTpeHHHiT o6pa3axT out H30Ópa;KaeTT npupojtHBifl ocoóeHHocTti hjih xapaKTepiiBia nepTBi, OTBinaKimbr JiyHiuriMT CTopoHHMT ero „a “ . Oht hc MemaeTT o khkomt.-jihóo 3ji6h- uuierepcKOMT o6pa3t AaaMHHa; ;(Jia aioro oht HejiocTarosHO itanBeriT h cm^j t. TaKT me tohno oht He bh,i,htt ceóa bt 3epKaarfe TaMaeTOMT hjih 'l>aycTOMT; repon COMHiHia H MBICJIH CJIHHIKOMT aÓCTpaKTHBI JiJIH ero CIWbllOH lOHOlUeCKOH (J)aHTa3iH;
oht iienraeTT o óojite ocfl3aeiiBixT njea.iaxT. Eui,e Meirfee cocpe^oToanBaroTCH ero npejr,CTaB.ieHifl Borcpyrb rana, cxoAaaro ct, m;m({jpe,T,obckhmt,; upccrynjieHie ue npn-
11CAIÍH TEI'HEPb. 13
BaeKaerh ero, a TaaKCTßeHHoe He npepcTaßaaeTb Hiiaero aaMan'iiinaro paa ero ot-
KpUTOfl HaTyptl. BoCDHTaBUIHCb CpepH HJlHJIjlHMeCKOH OÓCTHHOBKH, pa3BHBUIHCb nOPb BaiadeMb Bceo6m,aro óaaroBoaeHia Maiientitaro ropowa, Koropufi oht. caMb Haati- BaeTi „ aKajeMHHecKHMi) KpecrbaHCKiiMb ropopoMb“ , OHb He mofl npoHiumyTbca poaro cpepatimeMbiMb h MHTeacHbiMb na<f>ocoMb niraaepoBCKaro KOCMonojiiiTa Iio3bi.
Mpeaab, MepaeHHo co3paioipiîicH Bb ero p y ¡ir h—h a p i o h aa b h u il h CKaHpnHaiio-po- MaHTHaecKÜi.
Bron. upeaab nporaapuBaeTb bt. ero uepBOMb BLipaatemu HapioHanbHaro BpoxHOBema h HeropoBama: „B o,n hctbe hhhh n i c hh“ h„Cßea“. 3tonpeaab CBtaOË, OTKpblTOH, ÔypHOÎÎ H Hpeo6pa3yiOipeH CHtl, Ha lTOPOBHHy BOHHCTBeflHOll, Ha nonoBaay n,HBH.iH3aTopcKOfl. Oht> BOMomaercfl hohïh boBeto o6pa3axb, Koropwe TerHepb pncyeTb opum, 3a ppyraMb. TasoBb, Hanp., o6pa3b Jltoiepa. Terñep'b npa3pHyeïb 300-jrÈTHi lOÓJiaeft pe^opMapm yHHBepcHTeTCKOio p-lîHbto, a apa otomt, cayaat onacbiBaen, iiHHpiaTopa peiJjopMaropcKaro pBHaceHia. Bb toBpeMa Bb CKan- .pHaBiii papaao paaeKO He pepKOBHoe Hacrpoeaie. Haxopaipifica nopb BaiaHieMb rereaa Tefiôeprb, Koxopua npocaaisaaab oto coóhtío bt, BepMaHia nopoÔHo TOMy, icain, Teraepb piaaab 3to bt, lÏÏBepia, BocaiBaab B*b CBoeir Kaffrarfe pe<j)opMapiK), icaKb hcxophuh nyHKTb caMoao3HaHia mmeau, KaKb gnoxy, itorpa „mmcab yacHaeTca caMoa ceóí“. TerHepb, othochbuiíhcji k i aroMy Bonpocy 6o;r6e cb BHtmHeü a cb npaKTH'iecKOH CTopoHU, H3o6pajKaeTb peijjtopMapiio, Kam, Beamtoe npoaBaeHie cboóopu
MbicjH, KaKb rpaHpio3Hoe oaaipeHie naoipapw, Ha KOTopofi Moryrb cboôopho pa3Bii- BaTbca Haiaa Bucaiia cnocoÓHOCTa. ÍIo.TTOMy HeypBirrejibHO, ecjia— Bb ocoóeHHocra roBopa OTb HM6HH ynnBepcMTGTaj—oht, ppn onucaHia JIiOTepa Haaapa.iT, ropa3.no óonbuie Ha ero pyxb HScaipoBania, at,Mb Ha cany ero B-fepu. Ho Bb to ate BpeMH Teraepb pacyen, ero HaMb a coBepmeHHo cb ppyroa cTopoHbi. Ohb upanaraeTb 11
Kb JlroTepy Ty TOiKy sp^Hia, cb KOTopoa OHb oöbiKiiOBeHHO raapaTb Ha Bbipaio- ipaxcH pferreaeii. Oab BbicTaBaaeTb Ha Bupb npeacpe Bcero to, mto JIiOTepb Ha Bee, n o OHb roBopajib h pisaaab, HaicnanbiBajib neaaTb „óbioipefl o m e M b chjiu“ .
„EcTb HT0-T0 p u p a p c K o e , a caasaab 6bi * a jk p y ur e e n p hk a to h e h i ht bo BceMb ero cyipecTBt, bo B e ta ero npepnpiariaxb, KaKb Bb rfexb, HHiipiaTO- pOMb KOTOpUXb OHb HBjlHJlCÍI, TaKb H Bb Tf,Xb, KOTOpbM OHb HpOÄOMajIb... ErO niftcTBia npepcTaB.iiajiH oäho 3aKOHaeHHoe pinoe, Bb KaacpoMb ero caoB'f; 3afcaroaa.aca KaKb 6h 3aponbiuib cpaaceuia. OHb B3o6pa;Kaab coóoso o p y H3b t^xt, MoryipecT- BeHHblXb nymb, KOTOpaa, HOPOÓHO HÍKOTOpMMb jepeBbaMb, MOryTb pßliCTb TOBbKO Bb 6ypio. Bca ero 6ypHaa, óoraiaa h npasypHBaa atH3Hb co cBoero 6opb6oio h cBoeio KOHeafloro noôlînoio pacoBaaacb Bcerna Bb MoeMb BooópaateHia Kaaoio-To re- poHiecKoio auoneeio“ .
He npaßpa an, xapaKTepb roBopaiparo BHCKa3UBaerca snoarti Bb btoh opho- CTopoHHefi xapaKTepiiCTHid; MHorocTopoHaaro opepMera? H oópaTirre BHUMaHie, hto TerHepb H3aoacnab Havib sptcb ochobhuh noaoaceHia, KOTopua OHb ropa pBa cnycTa, cb HÍCKoabRHMH H3MÍHeHÍH¡vi0 Bb onpepiaefliaxb, ho HOMTH Bb rfx b ace Bbipaace-
1 4 HCAÍÍH TErHEPB.
híhxb, npaMlJHHT'L kb hhtrocth, TaKB Mano noxoaceñ Ha JkiTepa, KaKB Koponb Ty- cTaBT> III iHBe^cKiií. BpapB hh Haio noitaabiBaTb THTaTenaMB, tto Memjy cmíjiejmi. chkcohckhmb pe^opMaTopoMB h óbtoipnMB bb TeaTpa.HbHt.ie atjxjteKTM, 0<jipaHpy3HBniHMCH HeBÍpytomHMT, MOHapxoMt He cymecTBOBano HHKaKoro npyroro cxo^CTBa h HHKaKOñ jtpyroñ CBH3H, ttpoMi Totí, itoTopas »exorna h3b npemoHema TerHepa nepe^B hhmh oóohmh. Ero npamenuiiñ bb BOCxmpeHie, ho bb to 3Ke BpeMtt nenco <}>aHTa3Hpy¡oipÍH yMB CTapanca Hatera oóipee bt. oóohxb jt^HTenaxT, h b h í'éhb cboíí coócTBeHHbiñ tueanb OTpajKatotpHMca bo B3opaxB oóohxt,. Botb oto TentepB roBopaTB o TycTaBi:
,,Bo BceMT. ero cytpecTB'ís aaMt.'iaHOCb tie tohbko h^tto BennTecTBeHHoe, hoh
H'biTO p h p a p c k o e; r e p o fl c k a a c u n a c K a 3 b i B a n a c b b t, h e mb He TOHBKO TOT^ a, K O r j a OH1 c t o h h b n e p e ^ B B a M 0, c o m H T O M T> H CB
m e t e mb b t, p y x a x i , ho 11 t o t í a, K o r j t a o h b ó b ih t, o ó n e T e H B bb
HeriaHinyH) oneatjty. Oht, npeHCTaBHam, coóoto BenHKyio poMatmiTecrcyio repoftcKyto ano- neto ct, es n pHKn i OT e H¡ HMH a TynocaMH, ho trakcrl; cb t'Imt. 11 cb ii'Iukhbimh
n3n¡flHÍaMH cepnpa h BecenbiMH itrpaMii p¡uñera“ .
Benaaie, cana, hohhuh nparatoteHiñ poMaHTH3MB cocTaBnaioTB oóipia ochob- Hhia nepra y JltoTepa h fycTaBa; oóa— papapa, h jkh3hb oóohxt, hpepciaBjihptch Teraepy poMaBTHTecKoro reponiecHoto ononeeto. Bto ate mott, ohb CKa3aTB ppyroro una óoHButaro o tlpHTimjil; h ero cari, tto ate Jtpyroe roBopam, ohb o ¡ihxb bb
í'ltHCTBHTeHBHOCTH, KitKB He yKa3bIBaJIB Ha HtH3HCHHVK) CB'fe/KeCTb, CM'lUOCTb, yflajlb-
ctbo bb 3TOMB repo'fc 0 ero repon TecKOÉ 9nonei!
B He xoty KpHTtiKOBaTb Cü.'ÉnaHHoe hmb onncaHÍe rycTaaa; tto noc.TfuHaro oht, pa3CMa'rp0BaeTB hckhiothtohbhoct, cbíthoh ctopohbi, paayM'fceTca caito coóoio-. B yKaacy TOHbtto mhmoxoaomt, H'I¡KOTopi,ia h3b ochobhmxb itaTecTBb lycraBa, ttoTopua ctiHbH'fee Bcero OTnHTaiorB ero otb Jliorepa: ero B’fesHaa h3m1,hthbocti, bb nporaBO- noaoJKHOCTb CTOHKOCTH Jlamipa, ero thcto atettcKaa nioóoBb kb HapapaMB BB npo- TIlBOHOHOatHOCTb HtOTepOBCKOH llp0CT0ri¡, 6B0 TipeCnaBÍe, CTpaCTb KB HaCJiaHUCHÍHMB, Manía kb TeaTpanbHony h Beca ero í0nneT;utTCKH-xyíOJKecTBeHiibiH xapaKTepb bb npoTHBonoHoatHOCTb cepi,e3HocTii JltoTepa, ero rpawnaHCKHMB xoópoí'hTejiHMB h ero HpaBCTBeHHBiMB H,ocTO0HCTBaMB. Jípate pa3HH4¡e Mcatay tocto aroiicraTeciíH-TecTO- hioóhboh h pejiBrio3HO BoonymeBJieHHOií jjhthocthmh opeHcratuaeTCíi Teritepy mh- MOHeratJMB h coBepmeHHO BTopocTeneHitbiMB, pa3B ohb HaxopnTB npoónecKB cirisTa u Pb ít b KpacottBj KOTopbie ero rna3B upaButcB B0/rí)Tb, a ero pvita pacoBara *).
Mbi HMleMi, 3Hrfecb nepepB coóoio caiiyio rnyóoKyro, ycTOfiTHByto ocHOBy, na KOTopoñ ohb bhochíuctbíu ctpohtb cboh iipepcTaBnenia o repoHTecttOMB HpeaH'fe.
CoxpaHHJOCb HicrtOHbKO iOHOUieCKBXB HaHBHblXB OH.B, HanHCaHHblXT, TtírHepOMB bb 16-HtTHeMB B03pacT'íi ho cjiyaaio pacnpocTpaHeBÍa cnyxa o cmppth BoHanapTa bb ErHDT'fe. Bb hhxb ohb npocnaBnaen. BoHanapTa, i;aitB repon cboóoíh: rtoTecTH, KOTopua BoHattapTB 3acnyatHHB, He t í, itoTopwa iioKyuaiO'rca pÍHoro KpoBii ti cne3b;
') Cm. Adlerbeth: Historiska Anteokuiiigar, II. 121.
HCAfia TEI'HEPB. 15
ivrapB, npocBiipeme a caacTte—botb t í óaara, KOToptra ohb bb óypymeiiB uopa- paTi. Mipy; ero noóipbi tojibko cpepcTBO pas pocraaceHM btoh pian. 3picb cb P Ítckhxb ycTT) cotiihiitch KaKi> 6bi 9X0 apea ryMaHHSMa. Cpím bu ibcb B3pocjtbiMB toiobíkomb, TerHep'í, óypeTB BBipaacaTsea miaae; ne c i b h o ih î nporaBonojiojKHOH TOHKB 3pÎHÎH, HO HOPB BJIÍHHÍeMB n03PHÍBHIBXB JKH3HeHHBIXB HpeaJIOBB, ÓOJIÍe C a -
MocTOHTejiBHo h otbbo. PjiaBHoe nanpaBaeme BejiHKOH pe.THrio3HO-no.aHT0HecKH-aHTe- paTypHofi peaicpia hpothbb 3hoxh npocBÎipenia 6biao Bcerpa aBTunaTHano Teraepy.
BpaacpeÔHoe (|)paHpy3aMB HaerpoeHie, BBrcKa3BiBaBuieeca bb stoh peanpia a yBaetc- mee TaKHXB aropefl, nam, BaabrepB Ckottb a BaemnaerepB, Bbi3Baao ctojib ace xoaopnoe kb cedí OTnouienie co CTopoHBi TerHepa, KaicB a co CTopoHBi BaapoHa am Terme. Ho 3Byaaipaa bb btoh peaapia acieTaaecKaa CTpyHa nanuia otkjihicb bb ero pyuii, hmchho ea npeHeôpeacHTeabHoe OTBOineHie kb noaeanoeni, icaitB MacuiTady pan onpepíaenia 3HaaeHÍa KaKoro-aaóo píííctbís ma nopBara. Bhîmhjüî ymaaTapHaa Mopa/iB a CBH3aHHoe cb Hero aeaoBÍKoaroóie oöpaTaaacB npoTiiBB noaaTÍa o pbipap- CKOMB OTHOUieHia KB HC03HH, --- KHKB OÖBHCHJIOTB T e i’ HCpB BB CB06H lOÖliaCHHOB
p i mi bb aecTB peiJiopMapin.
„.UpeBHee pBipapcKoe iioHjme o HapopHot aecra OÓBHBanaocB ando HHCTitmero i[)aHTa3ieio, ando ToacecTBemiBiMB cb HOHaTÍeMB o6b 3kohomhtcckomb óaarococToaiiiH.
Bb HCTopia Bee pascwrEiBaaocb tbkb, khkb 3to piaaeTca bb ToproBoa KOHTopi, no upHÓH.ia, npHHOCUMOH paHHBiMB coÖBiTieMB; npapajiBHiui ijiadpaKa m a mojio- Ta.iBHaa ManiHHa p íh h.thcb BBime, h ím b nojmbie npnKjiroaeniii aoxopot Aaeiccauppa Han 6e3H0j'ie3Hbia nodipai liapaa X II“ .
OpaTopB ae npeyBeaHHiiBaeTB. Bb Hi mmiii ophhb EOCTopaceHHbift npocBÍTH- Teab nocTaBH.iB AaeKcaHppa Beaaicaro paaeKO po3apa daaropiTeaa HeaoBtmecTBa, H3o6piBuiaro hobbih pemeBBiii h imTaTeai,nr.ii'r copTB iiaBa— 6 p ay h111 n c B r c k i tt. IOho- mecicia npepcTaBaeHm Tcraepa o repoi podpopÍTeabHOMB, noae3HOMB, upaHOcaipeMB
cb codoro cHacTbe, híckojibko Bnpoii3MíHenHbiH coriiacHO Bce.viy poMaamecKOMy na- npaBaemro Toro BpeMeim, BCTynaioTB bb 6opb6y cb (jmaHCTcpcKoro 3aCÍ0T0i0 o aeao- BBaecKOMb daarocoeroflnia, kbkb raaBHOMB 'p ia i bb jkh3hh. Bb otomb OTHouieHiii TerHepB h nmepcKift boîkpb poMairrnsecKoii uikojibi TaMMepcKaabpB HporaraBaiOTB ppyrB ppyry pyica. TerHepB, kotopbih bb roHOinecfcie ropbi oópaąajicfl kb Hanoae- OHy CB pÍHIHTeJIBHBIMB B033BaHÍCMB: „jKhBH p.lfl lejIOBÍieCTBa H.IIi yMpa!“ CHHTa- eiB Tenepb, hto BeJiHKaro noaicoBoppa bobmojkho onpaBpbiBaTB bhojihí bb cnay opaoro ero Bemaia. MopajmcranecKoe B033p'bHie y er y mi.i o mícto poMaHraaecKOMy oCoroTBopeHiro repon cypböbi. „Cnpocaie 6ypro ami cnpocHTe rponiB, roßopaTca bb
eruxoTBopeHia „ T ę p o t “ (1813 r.), aoMaioTB m ona jiajiim hot HapymaiOTB no- KOH pßyxB BJiro6aeHRBixB?“ H ohb BoapbiBaeTB bb ycTa HeasBÍCTHaro, ho JierKO pa3H03HaBaeMaro repoa cjiipyroipee BOCKJiapaHie: „He a onycToinnjiB nojifl h npo- H3BejiB uepeBopoTbi Ha rorí a eißepi; OTBÍTCTBeHHOCTb 3a Bce BeceTB ophhb
TOJIBKO MipOBOH PyXB: CKHJlbpB, MUC.THTe.TB H repot BCe BejIHKOe Ha CBÍTÍ TBOpHTB caí no no ayacoMy BejtiHiro“ .
16 ¡(CAÍ!» TErH EPB.
9 tíi tohkh 3p'fcma so bc6mb ea oÓBeMt #ajieno ne cooTBbTCTByeT» xopouio DpO^yMaHHHMT) yCTOHHHBUMB B033p1¡HÍflM» TerHepa. IlptlBfJKHyBT) BH.H'ÉTb BB JIHHHOCT0 mjciiiyio (Jiopay cyin,ecTBOBaHÍn h Óyjym caM» bb Bbiciiieii CTenemi jihihumb- He.ao- BÍ1K0MB, OH» JIHfflb CJiyiaíÍHO H BB MOMCHT'b pa3,T,|)HHtC'H¡H MOr» BUpamaTbCJT TaKHM»
uaBTeHCTaaecKHMB odpa30MB. H thk» KaKB TerHepB óuji» bb h3 b1scthoh CTeneHii ae- JlOBlíKOMB pa3CyjlOliHb]MB, TO OHB O ÓH 3p y 5K H B a JI» BCerja CKJIOHHOCTb CKOp'fee P'bHHTB C.lHfflKOMB HH3KO Óe3C03HaT°JIbH0e, TÍ5MB (ipHjaBaTb OMV CJJHU1EOMB ÓOübUIOe 3Haae- Hie; TaK», Haup., ohb npoHBiu» mhoto noJieMiiHecKaro HCKyccTBa, onpoBepraa bb cmxax» h npo3rf¡ apeyBejmqeHaoe yieHie o cjrbnou» noaraaecKOMB bj¡oxhobghÍ0; ho ii pe^no'íTenie ero kb BOHHCTBeHHoiviy ji, b nacen i io Baepen», KOTopoe óypeio npoHOCHTca no 3eMJib, B3j,aBaa rpoMOBue y^apu, Tart» rnydoKo BKopeHiuiocb bb ero syurb, hto ohb HHorji,a yBaeKajica 11 nycKaaca h bb BbniienpBBeji,eHHbia ¡ia3Cvacien ¡a. Bb nacbiit, iianHcatmoMB imoro j iít» cnycra ojHOMy .npyry ii'bMeiraaro nponcxo3KAOH¡a, pa3yfc- MH)iB,OMy HenaBncTí> cbohxb cooTeaecTBeHHHKOBB kb HaHoaeoHy, ohb samaipaeTB, ceda otb upoH3BOAHMi.ixB na Hero Haiia;ieH¡fi tTmb, aro, BocxBaaaa IlanoaeoHa, OHB p¡13CMaTpHBaj[B OTO „HCKJIKmTeJIbHO CB DCTeTHlCCKOft T0 4KH 3pÍíH¡H
Kb TOMy me BpeMCHii, Kait» 11 cTHxoTBopeHÍJi, naiiHcaiiubDi bb aern. Hano- Jieoaa ([' e p o fl, II p o 6 y a hbui i ñ c a o p e a »), othochtch óe3» coMHbHifl r: ae AUTHpoBaHHoe CTHXOTBopeflie A ji e k c a h ^ p b y I h jt a c n a, bb uoTopoM» em,e cu.ibH'fee BhicKa3biBaeTca npe3pbme noa'ra kb ocH3aeMoñ apaduaii, nojiyqaeMoíí otb dopbóu repon. TerHepB M3o6pamaeT» totb MOMeHT», liorna HCTOmeHHtis h HanyraHHua íioficKa yitojunoT» ÁJieKcaH,¡],pa Bejinnaro He Becni hxb ^ajibuie bb rjiyÓHHy Á3in, a BepHyTbcii aomoii, bb 3juia,a,y. U,apb oiBljiaeTB hmb nacMbiiiKOio: „HeyjKe.iiH bu .nyiuaeTe, hto h ioHouie¡o cnyciMcu cb ropB MaKe/ioiiiii TOJibKO jpa Toro, htoóu íocxaBHTb bhmb 30jioto h nypnypB?
'JecTE o p o i a ii my, A l a m e Bcero H u l e r o “.
IloAOÓHtiH otb'étb He sacxaBJuieT» atea ai b niñero aysuiaro bb CMbic.ri; ac- hocth h oupeA’fejieHiioc™. HeB03MoatHo npeji;cTaBiiTb ce6b dojibe 6e3co,T,epataTejibHi>ift ii óojibe HiicTO jmpaiecKiíi HueajiB repon; icaK» 6u juia Toro, 'itoóu CMiirniTb cboh coCcTBeHHbia cnoBa, hobtb npacoBORyanaeTB:
Cb^tb 3aaajbi, upocBtmeHie Bb Mipi ja.ieKiñ nonecy.
■ Cji'bjOBaTejibHO, 4ecToaio6ie npecji’fenyeTB cboio codcrBeHiiyio pijib n npii tomb íaaeKO He HejocToflHyio. Ho otb no,iBnroBB Milpa, otb Bo^BopeHia caaciba Ha 3evjirfe, KOTopbia TerHepB, Cy^yaH eiu,e pedeHKOMB, TpefíoBaaB bb Harpajry 3a nodijy, He coxpaHanocb h cjrb.ua. npeHeópemeHie kb aejioBbMecKoii atii3HH a aejiOBbaecKOMy caacTbio npH3HaeTcn Bnojmb eorecTBGHHUMB h33kohhumb co ctopohu TajiaHTjiiiBaro, CMluaro jtociiora.
Oicrojia Jierao noHHTb, hto KapaB X II, kotopumb uiBe^cKiñ Hapo^B cb h í- KOTopuMB ociioBaHieMB HHKorna He nepecTaBajib BocxHmaTbca, cyfeaajiCH bb rjra3axB
f l C A ü a T E r H E P T . . 1 7
TerHepa óeaynpeiHBiMB repoeMB, 6e3B naraa h 3aa,op0HKH. Haun> nacaTeat exea CTaBHTT) eMy bb bhhj xaate to oócToaTeabCTBO, au, BecMOTpa Ha bcè cboh 6ae- cTaipia KaaecTBa, oht> HH3BeaB IÜBepiro cb bhcoth neanKoft eßponeftcKofi xep«BBi
h BBepri bb 6e3XHy, h3b KOTopon en HHKorxa óoabuie ne yxaaocb noxHSTbca.
KoHeaiio, ho oxHa cayiaflHocTB aacTaßiua Teraepa HanacaTB npeicpacpyio nicHB o Kopojit, KOTopaa xqth h 6f.ua ooHHHOHa no caynaio, ho coxpaHiiaacB HaBcerxa bb
HCTopin bb KaiecTBÍ iHBejcKaro HapioHaaBHaro raima. TeflepB h ^pyrie npoeaaBM.™
Kopoaa Kapaa bb npeBocxoxabixB craxoTBopeHiaxB, ho hh y ochoto h3b hhxb
3TOTB MaiepiajiB ne oÔJieKaaca bb Taityro noaTHaecityFo tjiopMy, rtaKB y Hero. Cano
coóoh) pa3yMieTea, hto bo Bpeiia npas^HecTBa, ycTpanBaeMaro bb necTB Bemaro Kopoaa, TeraepB He motb BucTaBJiHTB Ha bhxb ero HexocTaTitH npaßmeaa; ho MOÍKHO 6bITB yBiptHHUMB, HTO H HpH BCHKHXB ÄpyrHXB OÓCTOHTejFBCTBaXB OHB HH- Korja He corjiacnaca 6bi npejiCTaBHTb BcecTopoHnee H300pajiceHie ero. Be3Hoae3Hoe noxßeprame ce6a onacHoera Bcerxa onapoBBiBajFO ero ifiaHTa3iro; ynopcTBO, KOTopoe, ycTpeMBBB B3opB bb KOxeKCB [necTH coöcTBeHHaro asoópfaeHia, npe3HpaeTB bc4 npaBHaa 6aaropa3yMia, BpaxB ¿10 npexGsaBMjiocb eMy ohihófcoio, a paBHOxymie kb TOMy, tto iipimecB CB coóoro noxBarB, no61>xy hjfh nopameme, asejiame tojibko noinyM^TB h noóaecrfrrB, cb ero tohkh 3pí¡HÍa ica3ajiocB Bcerxa cKop'fee xo6- ponfaejiBK):
„BÈ/o> bb CTOHKOOTH Boa caía ciBepa H □ a 0 T b Mh bo6 noStjoio oaiiTaeMB 31a ee6s",
roBopHTB enHCKO0B AßeccaaoMB bb „ f e p x ’t “ .
OcMOTpHTeaBHOCTB bb r 0c yx a p c tbfjhhomb xiaTejiI; a saKOHonaTeat He npnBO- Xnaa ero bb BOCToprB; ho ohb jhoöhjb tOHOiny-KopoM, oxHoro caoBa KOToparo 6buio ÆOCTaioiHo, htoöh yHHHTOiKHTB bcè K03HH rocyxapcTBeHHBixB x^HTeaefi, xoTa 6bi caMB ohb He HMta bb Biixy HHKaaoro noanTHiscKaro naana h xaace hh- KaKoro n p o w o 3aBoeBama. 3apaHie oôxyMaHHBie naaHBF noaKOBOxpa, no ero mhííhíh), He cayjKHan xoKa3aTeaBCTBOMB BoeHHaro renia; ho ohb BocxHipaaca cnaB-
H tflH lH M B 0Ópa30MB MI’HOBeHHBlMB BXOXHOBeHÍeMB, OCfeHatOipeMB re p o a BO BpOMH 60a ,
6e33aBÍTHO(o xpa ópocT B io ero bb 6010.
9to oócToaieaBCTBO CKa,3biBaeTca bb tomb MÍcrfe, rxl; TerHepB onacBiBaeTB h npocaaBaaeTB jpyroro neauicaro Kopoaa h noaKOBOxpa, CToan Maao noxoacaro Ha Kapaa X II 0 CTOHBuiaro Ha cioabKO BBiuie ero— cnacHTeaa npoTecraHTH3Ma, FycTaBa- Axoab^a. Ilpn stomb TeraepB apHxoxaTB bb HaHÓoabuiiñ BOCToprB He otb Mynpoiî h noóíxoHOCHOfl 0oaHT0[£0 ero, xocTaBHBHieii IÜBepin noaoateme BeanKOË xepataBBi h o6e3neiHBffle]F en BaaíBiaecTBO Ha BaaTiñcicoMB Mopí, He otb BeaHKHXB nacayrB ero nepexB IIlBepieH), khkb TaitTHKa h noaicoBoana; eMy 6oaBuie Bcero HpaBaTca bb TycTaBÍ TrÈ KanecTBa, KOTopaia x'È-'JaFOTB ero cxoxhbimb cb coaxaroMB-renepaaoiiB KapaoMB X II. Ohbcb BOCToproMB pacupocTpaHaeTca 0 „Bue3aunBixB h MoameHOCHBiiB nopBiBaxB BxoïHOBeHia Ha noaí cpaaiema", ociHaBiHHXB TycTaBa, „hoxoôho bcémb XpyrHMB BOüHCTBeHHBiMB reniflMB“ . Ohb BbicTaB.iaeTB Ha bhxb, hto FycTaBB aïo-
r E O P r t B P A H flE C -b . I I . 2
