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3. Adsorpcja na granicy faz ciecz–gaz

3.6. Stan fazowy warstw Langmuira

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i kolejne do utworzenia fazy polikrystalicznej [37].

Stany fazowe i przemiany fazowe w warstwach Langmuira–Blodgett przedstawio-nRGRNáDGQLHM w rozdziale 4.

3.7. Literatura cytowana

[1] GIBBS J. W., The collected works of J. W. Gibbs, Longmans, Green, New York 1931, Vol. 1. [2] GUGGENHEIM E. A., The principle of corresponding states, J. Chem. Phys., 1945, 13, 253–261. [3] LANGMUIR I., The constitution and fundamental properties of solids and liquids. II. Liquids, J. Am.

Chem. Soc., 1917, 39, 1848–1906.

[4] ROBERTS G. G. (red.), Langmuir-Blodgett Films, Plenum Press, New York, 1990.

[5] ADAMSON A. W., The Physical Chemistry of Surfaces, Wiley, New York, 1990, wyd. V, rozdz. 6. [6] POCKELS A., Surface tension, Nature, 1891, 43, 437–439.

[7] Lord RAYLEIGH, Investigations in capillarity – The size of drops, The liberation of gas from

super-saturated solutions,Colliding jets, The tension of contaminated water surfaces, Phil. Mag., 1899, 48,

[8] ELLISON A. H., Surface pressure-area properties of organic monolayers on mercury, J. Phys. Chem., 1962, 66, 1867–1872.

[9] BARRAUD A., LELOUP J., LESIEUR P., Monolayers on glycerol subphase, Thin Solid Films, 1985, 133, 113–117; Fr. Patent 8, 303, 578, 1983.

[10] ADAM N. K., Physics and chemistry of surfaces, wyd. III, Oxford University Press, 1941.

[11] MYERS R. J., Collapse of unimolecular film of palmitic acid upon acid solution, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1935, 572, 734–735.

[12] GAINES G. L. Jr., On the retention of solvent in monolayers of fatty acids spread on water surfaces, J. Phys. Chem., 1961, 65, 382–383.

[13] ROBERTS G.G., An applied science perspective of Langmuir-Blodgett films, Adv. Physics, 1985, 344, 75–512.

[14] ZOCHER H., STIEBEL F., Dunkelfeldmikroskopie dünnster Filme auf Flüssigkeitsoberfläschen, Z. phys. Chem., 1930, 14, 401–435.

[15] CRISP D. J., Surface films of polymers. I. Films of the fluid type, J. Colloid Sci., 1946, 1, 49–70. [16] HUGHES A. H., RIDEAL E.K., Protein monolayers, Proc. Roy. Soc. (London), 1932, A137, 62–77. [17] ALEXANDER A. E., Monolayers of porphyrins and related compounds, J. Chem Soc., 1937, 1813–1816. [18] DYNAROWICZ-à7.$ P., TAYLOR D., DHINDSA A. S., UNDERHILL A. E., Improvements of the

spread-ing characteristics of monolayers of didodecyldimethylammonium-Ni(dmit)2, didodecyldimethyl- ammonium-Ni(mnt)2 and N- octadecylpyridinium-Ni(dmit)2 at the air/water interface, Bull. of the

Polish Academy of Sciences, Chemistry, 1997, 45, 459–466.

[19] ANTONOW G., Sur la tension superficielle a la limite de deux couches, J. Chim. Phys., 1907, 5, 372–385. [20] REYNOLDS O., Works, Brit. Assoc. Rept., 1881, 1, 410.

[21] O’BRIEN R. N., FEHER A. I., LEJA J., Spreading of monolayers at the air-water interface. II.

Spread-ing speeds for alcohols, acids, esters, sulfonates, amines quaternary ammonium ions, and some bi-nary mixtures, J. Colloid. Interface Sci., 1976, 56, 474–482.

[22] GAINES G. L., Jr., Insoluble monolayers at liquid-gas interfaces, Interscience Publishers, New York, 1966.

[23] ULMAN A., An introduction to ultra thin organic film: from Langmuir-Blodgett to self assembly, Academic Press, Inc., Boston, 1991.

[24] ANDELMAN D., BROCHARD F., JOANNY J-F, Phase transitions in Langmuir monolayers of polar

molecules, J. Chem. Phys., 1987, 86, 3673–3681.

[25] SHIMIZU M., YOSHIDA M., IIMURA K-i., SUZUKI N., KATO T., Area-temperature (A-T) isobars of

monolayers of octadecylureas at the air/water interface, Colloids and Surfaces A: Phys. Eng

As-pects, 1995, 102, 69–73.

[26] KANG Y. S., MAJDA M., Headgroup immersion depth and its effect on the lateral diffusion of

am-phiphiles at the air/water interface, J. Phys. Chem. B, 2000,104, 2082–2089.

[27] VOLLHARDT D., Phase transition in adsorption layers at the air-water interface, Adv. Colloid Inter-face Sci., 1999, 79, 19–57.

[28]GEHLERT U., VOLLHARDT D., The phase behaviour of an ether lipid monolayers compared with an

ester lipid monolayer, Progr. Colloid polym Sci., 1994, 97, 302–306.

[29] XIA Q., YANG K-Z., Study on momnolayer behaviour of C60 using BAM and π-A isotherms, Mat.

Sci. Eng. C, 1999, 10, 91–95.

[30] OHNUKI H., ISHIZAKI Y., SUZUKI M., DESBAT B., DELHAES P., GIFFARD M., IMAKUBO T., MABON G., IZUMI M., Metallic Langmuir and Langmuir-Blodgett films based on TTF derivatives and fatty acid, Material Science and Engineering C, 2002, 22, 227–232.

[31] GERSHFELD N. L., Physical chemistry of lipid films at fluid interfaces, Ann. Rev. Phys. Chem., 1976, 27, 349–368

[32] KIPLING J. J.,. NORRIS A.D, Molecular cross sections in films of fatty acids on water, J. Colloid Sci., 1953, 8, 547–551.

[33] LUTY T., SWANSON D. R., ECKHARDT C. J., Langmuir monolayers as disordered solids:

Strain-tilt-backbone for the swiveling transitions, J. Chem. Phys., 1999, 110, 2606–2611.

[34] LEVEILLER F., JACQUEMAIN D., LEISERROWITZ L., KJAER K., ALS-NIELSEN J., Toward a

determina-tion at near atomic resoludetermina-tion of two-dimensional crystal structures of amphiphilic molecules on the water surface. A study based on grazing incidence synchrotron X-ray diffraction and lattice energy calculations, J. Phys. Chem., 1992, 96, 10380–10389.

[35] GARFIAS F. J., Solid monolayers at the water/gas interface: The polyshell network, J. Phys. Chem., 1980, 84, 2297–2300.

[36] MILER S. T., JOANNY J. F., PINCUS P., Buckling of Langmuir monolayers, Europhys. Lett., 1989, 9, 495–500.

[37] PUGGELLI M., GABRIELLI G., CAMINATI G., Polypeptyde mixed monolayers: collapse mechanism, Colloid Polym. Sci., 1989, 267, 65–70.

warstw Langmuira–Blodgett (LB)

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subfazy. Metoda osadzania takich warstw opisana przez I. Langmuira [1] i skutecznie rozwijana przez K. Blodgett [2–4] polega na wielokrotnym, wertykalnym zanurzaniu i Z\QXU]DQLXSá\WNLF]\OLSU]HVXZDQLXSRGáR*DSU]H]ZDUVWZ/DQJPXLUD]QDMGXMF VL QD SRZLHU]FKQL VXEID]\ *UXERü RVDG]RQHM Z WHQ VSRVyE ZDUVWZ\ Z\UD*D VL NURWQRFL UyZQ liczbie SU]HMü SRGáR*D SU]H] ZDUVWZ SRZLHU]FKQLRZ  MHGQHJR

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metoda Schulmana [6] lub opisana przez Langmuira i Schaefera [7] metoda „liftingu”

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